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圣殿山:修订间差异

坐标31°46′43″N 35°14′5″E / 31.77861°N 35.23472°E / 31.77861; 35.23472
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{{Pathnav|耶路撒冷|耶路撒冷旧城}}
[[File:The west wall and the temple mount.jpg|300px|right|thumb|今日圣殿山,前景是[[西墙]],山上是[[圆顶清真寺]]]]
{{Infobox mountain
[[File:Hebrew domeEntrance sign.jpg|right|thumb|首席拉比的警示牌,告诫进入圣殿山的禁止事项]]
|Name = 圣殿山
[[File:SWqanatirTempleMount.JPG|thumbnail|]]
|Photo = Israel-2013(2)-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple Mount-Temple Mount (south exposure).jpg
'''圣殿山'''([[希伯来语]]:'''הַר הַבַּיִת''',[[阿拉伯语]]:'''الحرم القدسي الشريف''')是位于[[耶路撒冷旧城]]的[[宗教]][[圣地]]。
|Caption = 從南側俯瞰聖殿山
|elevation_m = 743
|Location = [[耶路撒冷]]
|Range =
|country = {{ISR}}<br>{{PSE}}<br>{{JOR}}
|pushpin_map = Israel
|pushpin_mapsize = 180
|pushpin_label_position = top
|pushpin_map_caption = 在以色列的位置
|coordinates = {{coord|31|46|43|N|35|14|5|E|type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|First ascent =
|Easiest route =
}}
'''圣殿山'''({{lang-he|הַר הַבַּיִת}},{{lang-ar|الحرم القدسي الشريف}})位于[[耶路撒冷旧城]]的[[宗教]][[圣地]]。


==歷史==
圣殿山是[[犹太教]]最神圣的地方。[[犹太人]]的[[耶路撒冷圣殿]]就位于此处:[[所罗门圣殿|第一圣殿]]建于前967年,前586年被摧毁;[[第二圣殿]]建于前515年,公元70年被摧毁。犹太教一般还相信,这里还将是[[弥赛亚]]到来时重建[[第三圣殿]]的地点。
圣殿山昔日称为'''摩利亚山''', 是[[犹太教]]最神圣的地方。[[犹太人]]的[[耶路撒冷圣殿]]就位于此处:[[所罗门圣殿|第一圣殿]]建于前967年,前586年被摧毁;[[第二圣殿]]建于前515年,公元70年被摧毁,遺下[[西牆]]作為痕跡。犹太教一般还相信,这里还将是[[弥赛亚]]到来时重建[[第三圣殿]]的地点。犹太人认为圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。但是阿拉伯人认为,犹太人的说法「荒谬」,因为犹太人「从来没有提供有效的证据」来证实圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。[[以色列]]建国后,无数的考古证据已证实阿克萨清真寺的地点, 即是所罗门圣殿所在的位置{{來源請求}}。例如按[[圣经]]记载。圣殿山的南面紧贴着[[大卫城]]。经过几十年的挖掘和考古研究,大卫城已对外开放,成为以色列的国家公园之一。


这里还有[[伊斯兰教]]2个重要的宗教圣地:[[圆顶清真寺]](建于690年)和[[阿克萨清真寺]](建于710年)。圣殿山是世界上最具争议性的宗教圣地之一。在1848年到1967年[[约旦]]统治东[[耶路撒冷]]期间,不允许[[以色列人]]存在於耶路撒冷舊城。[[巴勒斯坦]]与[[以色列]]对这个地方的[[主权]]争议,一直是[[阿以冲突]]的关键因素。<!-- 以色列政府 has granted management of the site to a Muslim Council ([[Waqf]]). -->
[[伊斯兰教]]2个重要的宗教圣地位於聖殿山:[[圆顶清真寺]](建于690年)和[[阿克萨清真寺]](建于710年)。


{{耶路撒冷旧城}}
== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.aqsa.org.uk/ Friends of Al-Aqsa] History of the "Temple Mount".
* [http://www.templemount.com/ Temple Mount, Jerusalem] Watercolors from the Temple Mount, Jerusalem, by Kosinski
* [http://www.ariel-sharon-life-story.com/16-Ariel-Sharon-Biography-2000-Visit-to-the-Temple-Mount.shtml 2000 Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount - From Ariel Sharon's Life Story, a biography]
* [http://www.riifs.org/journal/essy_v2no2_grbar.htm The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation] by Oleg Grabar (discussing the history of the name "Haram al-Sharif")
* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Protection%20of%20Holy%20Places%20Law Protection of Holy Places Law, 1967] (Government of [[Israel]])
* [http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Mount.html The Temple Mount] (from US-Israel.org)
* [http://www.templemount.org The Temple Mount in Jerusalem] (Christian source)
* [http://www.noblesanctuary.com Noble Sanctuary: The Online Guide to Al-Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem]
* [http://www.responsafortoday.com/engsums/1_1.htm Entering the Temple Mount In Our Time, Masorti movement responsa]
* [http://www.igor-schestkow.de/de/fotos/thumbs.php?c=jerusalem Igor Schestkow - Temple Mount - Dome of the Rock] Photos
* [http://www.jerusalemshots.com/cat_en62.html Jerusalem Photos]
*[http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/060605a_trans.htm Liberation of the Temple Mount and Western Wall by Israel Defense Forces] - Historic Live Broadcast on Voice of Israel Radio, [[June 7]], [[1967]]
* [http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/4/3/ History of the Dome of the Rock]: hWeb
* [http://israelinphotos.com/gallery2-TempleM.htm Temple Mount in Photos]


在1948年到1967年[[约旦]]统治[[东耶路撒冷]]期间,不允许[[以色列人]]進入耶路撒冷舊城。此处与整个[[约旦河西岸]]在1950年被合并为约旦王国。
===Archeological controversy===
* [http://www.archaeology.org/0003/newsbriefs/flap.html Jerusalem's Temple Mount Flap] (from ''Archeology'' magazine)
*[http://www.israel-wat.com/pics2_eng.htm#a2 The Archeological Destruction on the Temple Mount] (from "Israel's War Against Terror")
* [http://www.lastdaysmystery.info/Power%20Point/Temple%20Mount.ppt Temple Mount Powerpoint - large picture file]
* [http://www.har-habayt.org/ The Temple Mount Archaeological Destruction] (with [http://www.har-habayt.org/newp.html photographs] of the construction) from [[Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount]]
* [http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp483.htm The Destruction of the Temple Mount Antiquities] (Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs)
*[http://www.isra.org.uk/english/Newsl.html Islamic Research Academy] on archeological damage
*[http://www.aqsa.org.uk/journals/vol2iss2/archaeological_excavations_in_je.html Friends of Al-Aqsa Journal] (on archaeological damage)
* [http://www.askelm.com/temple/ Controversy over exact location of the Temples]
* [http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Temples.htm The Temples of Jerusalem in Islam] Qur'anic and other references analyzed, by [[Martin Kramer]]


1967年[[六日战爭]]后,以色列將约旦逐回约旦河东岸並佔領東耶路撒冷;其後以色列与约旦达成协议,兩清真寺仍由约旦管理,四周由以色列军警严密把守<ref name="观察者网 2023">{{cite web | title=以色列国家安全部长访问圣殿山,中国及阿联酋要求安理会举行紧急会议 | website=观察者网 | date=2023-01-04 | url=https://www.guancha.cn/internation/2023_01_04_674184.shtml | language=zh | access-date=2023-04-05 | archive-date=2023-04-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406102344/https://www.guancha.cn/internation/2023_01_04_674184.shtml | dead-url=no }}</ref>,圣殿山自此成為世上最具政治争议性的宗教圣地之一。
{{coord|31|46|43|N|35|14|5|E|region:IL_type:landmark|display=title}}

== 政治 ==
<gallery>
File:Jerusalem Modell BW 2.JPG|以色列博物館的第二聖殿模型
File:The west wall and the temple mount.jpg|根据犹太人说法,今日圣殿山,前景的[[西墙]]是原第二聖殿的一部分,山上是[[圆顶清真寺]], 阿拉伯人不认同该说法。
File:Hebrew domeEntrance sign.jpg|[[以色列首席拉比]]署的[[希伯來語]]與[[英語]]警告牌,指出因為聖殿山的聖潔,依照猶太教律法[[妥拉]],任何人都禁止進入聖殿山範圍。
File:SWqanatirTempleMount.JPG
</gallery>

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Commons category|Temple Mount}}
* [http://www.aqsa.org.uk/ Friends of Al-Aqsa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aqsa.org.uk/ |date=20200617232241 }} History of the "Temple Mount".
* [http://www.templemount.com/ Temple Mount, Jerusalem] {{Wayback|url=http://www.templemount.com/ |date=20130718095130 }} Watercolors from the Temple Mount, Jerusalem, by Kosinski
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216051801/http://www.ariel-sharon-life-story.com/16-Ariel-Sharon-Biography-2000-Visit-to-the-Temple-Mount.shtml 2000 Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount - From Ariel Sharon's Life Story, a biography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121004035552/http://www.riifs.org/journal/essy_v2no2_grbar.htm The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation] by Oleg Grabar (discussing the history of the name "Haram al-Sharif")
* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Protection%20of%20Holy%20Places%20Law Protection of Holy Places Law, 1967] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Protection%20of%20Holy%20Places%20Law |date=20200902230049 }} (Government of Israel)
* [http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Mount.html The Temple Mount] {{Wayback|url=http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/geo/Mount.html |date=20200918180547 }} (from US-Israel.org)
* [http://www.templemount.org The Temple Mount in Jerusalem] {{Wayback|url=http://www.templemount.org/ |date=20201231021200 }} (Christian source)
* [http://www.noblesanctuary.com Noble Sanctuary: The Online Guide to Al-Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem] {{Wayback|url=http://www.noblesanctuary.com/ |date=20201211041312 }}
* [http://www.responsafortoday.com/engsums/1_1.htm Entering the Temple Mount In Our Time, Masorti movement responsa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.responsafortoday.com/engsums/1_1.htm |date=20160305100939 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070423073222/http://www.igor-schestkow.de/de/fotos/thumbs.php?c=jerusalem Igor Schestkow - Temple Mount - Dome of the Rock] Photos
* [http://www.jerusalemshots.com/cat_en62.html Jerusalem Photos] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jerusalemshots.com/cat_en62.html |date=20070427225433 }}
* [http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/060605a_trans.htm Liberation of the Temple Mount and Western Wall by Israel Defense Forces] {{Wayback|url=http://www.isracast.com/Transcripts/060605a_trans.htm |date=20080517155031 }} - Historic Live Broadcast on Voice of Israel Radio, June 7, 1967
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070329101325/http://www.hweb.org.uk/content/view/4/3/ History of the Dome of the Rock]: hWeb
* [http://www.follow-israel.com/search/label/Temple%20Mount Temple Mount in Photos] {{Wayback|url=http://www.follow-israel.com/search/label/Temple%20Mount |date=20190608231313 }}

; 考古争议
* [http://www.archaeology.org/0003/newsbriefs/flap.html Jerusalem's Temple Mount Flap] {{Wayback|url=http://www.archaeology.org/0003/newsbriefs/flap.html |date=20080317153427 }} (from ''Archeology'' magazine)
* [http://www.israel-wat.com/pics2_eng.htm#a2 The Archeological Destruction on the Temple Mount] {{Wayback|url=http://www.israel-wat.com/pics2_eng.htm#a2 |date=20090501203934 }} (from "Israel's War Against Terror")
* [http://www.lastdaysmystery.info/Power%20Point/Temple%20Mount.ppt Temple Mount Powerpoint - large picture file] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lastdaysmystery.info/Power%20Point/Temple%20Mount.ppt |date=20121011093809 }}
* [http://www.har-habayt.org/ The Temple Mount Archaeological Destruction] {{Wayback|url=http://www.har-habayt.org/ |date=20200703140236 }} (with [http://www.har-habayt.org/newp.html photographs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.har-habayt.org/newp.html |date=20200821001056 }} of the construction) from Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount
* [http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp483.htm The Destruction of the Temple Mount Antiquities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp483.htm |date=20080303140138 }} (Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051122072253/http://www.isra.org.uk/english/Newsl.html Islamic Research Academy] on archeological damage
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130404081731/http://www.aqsa.org.uk/journals/vol2iss2/archaeological_excavations_in_je.html Friends of Al-Aqsa Journal] (on archaeological damage)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041225084200/http://www.askelm.com/temple/ Controversy over exact location of the Temples]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116062853/http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/Temples.htm The Temples of Jerusalem in Islam] Qur'anic and other references analyzed, by Martin Kramer
{{耶路撒冷旧城}}


[[Category:圣殿山]]
[[Category:伊斯蘭建築]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷的山]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷的山]]
[[Category:非基督教崇拜地点转换为的教堂]]
[[Category:圣殿山| ]]
[[Category:非穆斯林宗教場所轉為穆斯林宗教場所]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷旧城]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷的伊斯教]]
[[Category:伊斯聖地]]
[[Category:非基督教崇拜地点转换为教堂]]
[[Category:由非穆斯林宗教場所轉變而成的清真寺]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷伊斯兰教]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷历史]]
[[Category:耶路撒冷历史]]

[[ar:الحرم القدسي الشريف]]
[[bg:Храмов хълм]]
[[ca:Mont del Temple]]
[[cs:Chrámová hora]]
[[da:Tempelbjerget]]
[[de:Tempelberg]]
[[en:Temple Mount]]
[[eo:Templa Monto]]
[[es:Explanada de las Mezquitas]]
[[eu:Mezkiten Zelaigunea]]
[[fi:Temppelivuori]]
[[fr:Mont du Temple]]
[[he:הר הבית]]
[[it:Monte del Tempio]]
[[ja:神殿の丘]]
[[mk:Рид на храмовите]]
[[ms:Al Haram Al Sharif]]
[[nl:Tempelberg]]
[[no:Tempelhøyden]]
[[pl:Wzgórze Świątynne]]
[[pt:Monte do Templo]]
[[ru:Храмовая гора]]
[[simple:Temple Mount]]
[[sv:Tempelberget]]
[[yi:הר הבית]]

2024年9月6日 (五) 17:21的最新版本

圣殿山
從南側俯瞰聖殿山
圣殿山在以色列的位置
圣殿山
在以色列的位置
最高点
海拔743米(2,438英尺)
坐标31°46′43″N 35°14′5″E / 31.77861°N 35.23472°E / 31.77861; 35.23472
地理
位置耶路撒冷
国家 以色列
 巴勒斯坦
 约旦

圣殿山希伯來語הַר הַבַּיִת‎,阿拉伯语:الحرم القدسي الشريف‎)位于耶路撒冷旧城宗教圣地

歷史

[编辑]

圣殿山昔日称为摩利亚山, 是犹太教最神圣的地方。犹太人耶路撒冷圣殿就位于此处:第一圣殿建于前967年,前586年被摧毁;第二圣殿建于前515年,公元70年被摧毁,遺下西牆作為痕跡。犹太教一般还相信,这里还将是弥赛亚到来时重建第三圣殿的地点。犹太人认为圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。但是阿拉伯人认为,犹太人的说法「荒谬」,因为犹太人「从来没有提供有效的证据」来证实圣殿山就是现在阿克萨清真寺的位置。以色列建国后,无数的考古证据已证实阿克萨清真寺的地点, 即是所罗门圣殿所在的位置[來源請求]。例如按圣经记载。圣殿山的南面紧贴着大卫城。经过几十年的挖掘和考古研究,大卫城已对外开放,成为以色列的国家公园之一。

伊斯兰教2个重要的宗教圣地位於聖殿山:圆顶清真寺(建于690年)和阿克萨清真寺(建于710年)。


在1948年到1967年约旦统治东耶路撒冷期间,不允许以色列人進入耶路撒冷舊城。此处与整个约旦河西岸在1950年被合并为约旦王国。

1967年六日战爭后,以色列將约旦逐回约旦河东岸並佔領東耶路撒冷;其後以色列与约旦达成协议,兩清真寺仍由约旦管理,四周由以色列军警严密把守[1],圣殿山自此成為世上最具政治争议性的宗教圣地之一。

政治

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 以色列国家安全部长访问圣殿山,中国及阿联酋要求安理会举行紧急会议. 观察者网. 2023-01-04 [2023-04-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-06) (中文). 

外部链接

[编辑]
考古争议