2014 ballot measure petition signature costs

Cost Per Required Signature Analyses

2023 Signature costs

2022 Signature costs

2021 Signature costs

2020 Signature costs

2019 Signature costs

2018 Signature costs

2017 Signature costs

2016 Signature costs

2015 Signature costs

2014 Signature costs

2013 Signature costs

2012 Signature costs

2010 Signature costs

The "Cost-Per-Required-Signature" (CPRS) for 2014's certified citizen initiatives and veto referendums averaged from $1.05 in Massachusetts to $6.44 in Missouri.

This Ballotpedia report is an in-depth look at the initiatives that qualified for the 2014 ballot. This includes a review of thirty-five citizen initiatives and five veto referendums in 15 states.

In 2014, 616 citizen's initiatives were proposed. However, only 40 made the ballot. 2014's numbers are down significantly from 2012. In 2012, 550 initiatives were proposed, yet 61 made the ballot.

The cost-per-required-signature compares the amount of money spent on the petition drives for those initiatives that did pay money to circulators to the number of signatures the state requires for an initiative to make the ballot. For more information about this report and how it is compiled, see this page.

In 2014, although state averages ranged from $1.05 to $6.44, individual measures cost 24 cents on the low-end and up to $8.36 per signature collected.

The highest CPRS in 2012 was $10.86 for California Proposition 30. In 2013, Ballotpedia estimated the CPRS for Colorado Amendment 66, an income tax increase for education, at between $8.18 and $11.47. In 2014, the highest CPRS was $8.36 for Oregon Measure 92.

All calculations are only as accurate as the data made available through state campaign finance websites.

Not all initiative efforts were run by paid petition-signature collectors. Some ballot measure supporters opted to use volunteers. This resulted in a $0 CPRS which is reflected in the charts below with a hyphen or dash. Additionally, some initiative efforts likely used a combination approach where they used both paid petition-signature collectors and volunteers. This approach reduces the overall CPRS.

Some states do not allow for payment per signature collected. Of those that prohibit the practice, the following states qualified measures for the 2014 ballot: Colorado, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon and South Dakota. Both North Dakota and South Dakota initiatives resulted in a CPRS of $0.

The remaining states did incur costs for their initiative petition circulation efforts, according to campaign finance reports. The following report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS reflects the payment amount. Pay-per-signature is only one way of compensating signature-gatherers who collect signatures to qualify ballot initiatives for the ballot. Expenditures on which this report is based may include paid staff to organize the petition drive, compensation for paid staff in the form of bonuses or paying the circulators by the hour.

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Editor's note: Data was compiled on October 1, 2014. Most signature-gathering expenditures should have been made and reported by this date, but any expenditures relating to signature gathering made after this date are not reflected.

Übersicht

QUICK STATISTICS:

• Approximately $16,899,427 was identified as having been spent on petition signature gathering.
• An average of $3 was spent per required signature for all initiatives based on available data.
• The state with the highest CPRS in 2014 was Missouri, with an average cost of $6.44 per required signature. Missouri only has one initiative on the ballot.
• The state with the lowest CPRS in 2014 was Massachusetts, with an average cost of $1.05 per required signature.

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Editor's note: In light of complexities calculating Nevada Question 3's CPRS, that state and measure were not included in the rankings below. Nevada might have had the lowest average, but because of uncertainties based on how the signature expenses were reported, we can only assign a range -- $0.59 - $8.92 -- in Nevada.

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Table 1: Overview Summary of Results
State	# of Initiatives	Initiative CPRS Range						Average CPRS
		No Data	< $2	$2 - $4	$4 - $6	$6 - $8	$8 - $10
Alaska	4	1	1	2	-	-	-	$1.67
Arkansas	2	1	-	1	-	-	-	$1.23
California	4	-	-	3	1	-	-	$3.92
Colorado	4	1	2	1	-	-	-	$1.37
Florida	2	-	1	1	-	-	-	$1.49
Maine	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	$1.36
Massachusetts	4	2	1	1	-	-	-	$1.05
Michigan	2	-	-	2	-	-	-	$2.53
Missouri	1	-	-	-	-	1	-	$6.44
Nebraska	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	$4.49
Nevada	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
North Dakota	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	$0
Oregon	5	-	-	1	2	-	2	$5.83
South Dakota	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	$0
Washington	3	-	1	2	-	-	-	$2.67
	40	12	7	14	4	1	2	$2.27

State by state

The following 15 states had initiatives, veto referendums, or both on the ballot in 2014. Tables 2A through 2N below present individual CPRS data for all initiatives in 2014.

Alaska

See also: Alaska signature requirements and Alaska 2014 ballot measures

Table 2A: Alaska CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Ballot Measure 1	Taxes	--	$44,004	30,169	$1.46
Ballot Measure 2	Marijuana	--	--	30,169	--
Ballot Measure 3	Min Wage	--	$64,000	30,169	$2.12
Ballot Measure 4	Business	--	$93,000	30,169	$3.08
		TOTAL:	$201,000	120,676	$1.67

Disclaimer:

• No CPRS data was identified for Measure 2.
• Alaska does not prohibit paying circulators by the signature, but caps their pay at $1 per signature. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in Alaska.

Arkansas

See also: Arkansas signature requirements and Arkansas 2014 ballot measures

Table 2B: Arkansas CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Issue 4	Alcohol	National Ballot Access	$173,553	78,133	$2.22
Issue 5	Min Wage	--	--	62,507	--
		TOTAL:	$173,553	140,640	$1.23

Disclaimer:

• Issue 5's ballot question committee, Give Arkansas a Raise, paid Southern Strategies $6,000 for consulting in 2014. However, no expenditures were explicitly classified as being used for signature gathering.

California

See also: California signature requirements and California 2014 ballot propositions

Table 2C: California CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Proposition 45	Insurance	Kimball Petition Management	$1,728,998	504,760	$3.43
Proposition 46	Gesundheitswesen	Kimball Petition Management	$1,692,673	504,760	$3.35
Proposition 47	Trials	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$1,847,882	504,760	$3.66
Proposition 48	Gambling	Arno Political Consultants and The Monaco Group	$2,636,173	504,760	$5.22
		TOTAL:	$7,905,726	2,019,040	$3.92

Colorado

See also: Colorado signature requirements and Colorado 2014 ballot measures

Table 2D: Colorado CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Amendment 67	Abortion	--	--	86,105	--
Amendment 68	Gambling	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$132,943	86,105	$1.54
Proposition 104	Gov't Acc	Kennedy Enterprise LLC	$253,564	86,105	$2.94
Proposition 105	Business	--	$85,111	86,105	$0.99
		TOTAL:	$471,618	344,420	$1.37

Disclaimer:

• Amendment 67 did not have any expenditures explicitly for signature gathering purposes.
• Amendment 68's total signature cost is only for expenditures explicitly labeled as being for "petition signature gathering." However, Coloradans for Better Schools, Inc. made several other payments to PCI Consultants, Inc. and two other companies that include signature gathering in their services: Amplified Strategies and Winner & Mandabach Campaigns. The total expenditures to these three companies was $828,946.92, which would have made for a CPRS of $9.63.
• Proposition 104's signature collection was paid for by the Independence Institute in the form of non-monetary contributions.
• Proposition 105 did not utilize any signature collection companies, but rather paid individuals for collecting signatures.
• Colorado law restricts per-signature pay to 20 percent or less of a circulator's compensation. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in Colorado.

Florida

See also: Florida signature requirements and Florida 2014 ballot measures

Table 2E: Florida CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Amendment 1	Environment	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$1,507,968	683,149	$2.21
Amendment 2	Marijuana	National Voter Outreach	$522,257	683,149	$0.76
		TOTAL:	$2,030,225	1,366,298	$1.49

Disclaimer:

• Both Amendment 1 and Amendment 2's total signature costs include expenditures explicitly classified as “petitions,” “petition fees,” “petition gatherers,” “petition signatures,” "signatures" and “petition submissions.”
• Amendment 1 primarily used PCI Consultants, Inc. However, Active Root Consultants, Inc. was also hired to collect signatures. The company was paid $1,000.

Maine

See also: Maine signature requirements and Maine 2014 ballot measures

Table 2F: Maine CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Question 1	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$77,720	57,277	$1.36
		TOTAL:	$77,720	57,277	$1.36

Massachusetts

See also: Massachusetts signature requirements and Massachusetts 2014 ballot measures

Table 2G: Massachusetts CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Question 1	Taxes	--	--	80,396	--
Question 2	Environment	Spoonworks, Inc.	$145,000	80,396	$1.80
Question 3	Gambling	Spoonworks, Inc. and Madison Group, Inc.	$191,712	80,396	$2.38
Question 4	Labor	--	--	80,396	--
		TOTAL:	$336,712	321,584	$1.05

Disclaimer:

• Question 1's sponsoring committee did not explicitly spend any money on signature gathering.
• For Question 3, Spoonworks, Inc. and Madison Group, Inc. were hired to collect signatures. However, Spoonworks, Inc. received the vast majority of total payments for signature gathering. The business was paid $188,800, whereas Madison Group, Inc. received $2,912.
• Raise Up Massachusetts, the sponsoring committee for Question 4, gathered signatures for two initiatives. Besides Question 4, the group collected signatures for a Minimum Wage Increase Initiative. It's impossible to determine what expenditures went towards what initiative. Furthermore, the campaign did not explicitly spend any money on signature gathering, but did spend money on field organizing and field consulting. These expenditures may or may not include signature gathering. For these reasons, the data was not included in this report.

Michigan

See also: Michigan signature requirements and Michigan 2014 ballot measures

Table 2H: Michigan CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Proposal 1	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$364,229	161,304	$2.26
Proposal 2	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$452,539	161,304	$2.81
		TOTAL:	$816,768	322,608	$2.53

Missouri

See also: Missouri signature requirements and Missouri 2014 ballot measures

Table 2I: Missouri CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Amendment 3	Labor	National Petition Management and Ozark Strategic Solutions	$1,015,592	157,788	$6.44
		TOTAL:	$1,015,592	157,788	$6.44

Nebraska

See also: Nebraska signature requirements and Nebraska 2014 ballot measures

Table 2J: Nebraska CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Minimum Wage Increase	Min Wage	FieldWorks, LLC	$360,955	80,386	$4.49
		TOTAL:	$360,955	80,386	$4.49

Disclaimer:

• Nebraska bans paying circulators by the signature. The law was challenged in 2011 in Bernbeck v. Gale, but the ban was not overturned. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska.

Nevada

See also: Nevada signature requirements and Nevada 2014 ballot measures

Table 2K: Nevada CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Question 3	Taxes	Organized Karma	$43,000-$644,961	72,324	$0.59-$8.92
		TOTAL:	$43,000-$644,961	72,324	$0.59-$8.92

Disclaimer:

• Question 3's The Education Initiative PAC hired Organized Karma to collect signatures. While Organized Karma received $644,961 from the PAC, only $43,000 was used explicitly for "temporary workers." Organized Karma offers a variety of campaign and political consulting services, including canvassing. Because the services are so varied and in-kind reporting descriptions were not specific to signature gathering efforts the final figure could be anywhere between $43,000 and $644,961. The CPRS could be between $0.59 and $8.92.

North Dakota

See also: North Dakota signature requirements and North Dakota 2014 ballot measures

Table 2L: North Dakota CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Parental Rights Initiative	Custody	--	--	13,452	--
Pharmacy Ownership Initiative	Business	--	--	13,452	--
School Year Begins After Labor Day Initiative	Bildung	--	--	13,452	--
Clean Water, Wildlife and Parks Amendment	Environment	--	--	26,904	--
		TOTAL:	$0	67,260	$0

Disclaimer:

• The North Dakota Parental Rights Initiative's initiated measure committee, North Dakota Shared Parenting Initiative, did not report any expenditures related to signature gathering.
• The North Dakota Pharmacy Ownership Initiative's initiated measure committee, Committee to Qualify the Lower Pharmacy Prices Initiative, did not report any expenditures related to signature gathering.
• The School Year Begins After Labor Day Initiative's initiated measure committee, Start ND School After Labor Day, reported $2,250 in expenditures. However, the campaign finance disclosure forms are not detailed enough to distinguish what expenditures, if any, were signature collection costs.
• The North Dakota Clean Water, Wildlife and Parks Amendment's initiated measure committee, Clean Water, Wildlife, and Parks Sponsoring Committee, did not report any expenditures related to signature gathering.
• North Dakota does not permit paying circulators by the signature. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in North Dakota.

Oregon

See also: Oregon signature requirements and Oregon 2014 ballot measures

Table 2M: Oregon CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Measure 88	Immigration	The Signature Gathering Co. of Oregon	$123,646	58,142	$2.13
Measure 89	Constitutional Rights	Encore Political Services, NW Democracy Resources, Boly:Welch and The Signature Gathering Co. of Oregon	$515,853	116,284	$4.44
Measure 90	Elections	Silver Bullet, LLC	$459,961	87,213	$5.27
Measure 91	Marijuana	NW Democracy Resources	$713,864	87,213	$8.19
Measure 92	Business	FieldWorks, LLC	$729,220	87,213	$8.36
		TOTAL:	$2,542,544	436,065	$5.83

Disclaimer:

• Oregon bans paying petition circulators by the signature. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in Oregon.

South Dakota

See also: South Dakota signature requirements and South Dakota 2014 ballot measures

Table 2N: South Dakota CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Initiated Measure 17	Insurance	--	--	15,854	--
Initiated Measure 18	Min Wage	--	--	15,854	--
		TOTAL:	$0	31,708	$0

Disclaimer:

• Initiative Measure 17's ballot measure committee, Patient Choice for South Dakota, paid $225,534 for consulting in 2013. South Dakota campaign finance disclosure forms are not detailed enough to distinguish what, if any, of this was spent on petition circulation.
• Initiated Measure 18's ballot measure committee, Raise South Dakota, did not report any expenditures.
• South Dakota does not permit paying circulators by the signature. However, state law explicitly permits employers to set minimum gathering requirements and pay discretionary bonuses based on productivity. This report does not imply that payment per signature occurred or that the CPRS is the amount paid to signature gatherers. See: Laws governing the initiative process in South Dakota.

Washington

See also: Washington signature requirements and Washington 2014 ballot measures

Table 2O: Washington CPRS
Ballot measure	Subject	Signature collection company	Cost	Signatures required	CPRS
Initiative 591	Firearms	Citizens Solutions LLC and Democracy Workshop	$625,937	246,372	$2.54
Initiative 594	Firearms	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$686,252	246,372	$2.79
Initiative 1351	Bildung	PCI Consultants, Inc.	$58,375	246,372	$0.24
		TOTAL:	$1,370,564	739,116	$1.85

Most expensive breakdown

Editor's note: In light of complexities calculating Nevada Question 3's CPRS that state and measure were not included in the rankings below. Nevada might have had the lowest average, but because of uncertainties based on how the signature expenses were reported, we can only assign a range -- $0.59 - $8.92 -- in Nevada.

By CPRS

Table 3A below indicates which individual initiative in each state spent the most per signature.

Table 3A: Most expensive initiative per state by CPRS
State	Most expensive	CPRS	Signature collection company
Alaska	Ballot Measure 4	$3.08	-
Arkansas	Issue 4	$2.22	National Ballot Access
California	Proposition 48	$5.22	Arno Political Consultants and The Monaco Group
Colorado	Proposition 104	$2.94	Kennedy Enterprise LLC
Florida	Amendment 1	$2.21	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Maine	Question 1	$1.36	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Massachusetts	Question 3	$2.38	Spoonworks, Inc. and Madison Group, Inc.
Michigan	Proposal 2	$2.81	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Missouri	Amendment 3	$6.44	National Petition Management and Ozark Strategic Solutions
Nebraska	Initiative 425	$4.49	FieldWorks, LLC
North Dakota	--	--	--
Oregon	Measure 92	$8.36	FieldWorks, LLC
South Dakota	--	--	--
Washington	Initiative 594	$2.79	PCI Consultants, Inc.

By total cost

Table 3B below presents the most expensive initiative by total amount spent on a petition drive by state.

Table 3B: Most expensive initiative per state by total cost
State	Most expensive	Amount	Signature collection company
Alaska	Ballot Measure 4	$93,000	--
Arkansas	Issue 4	$173,553	National Ballot Access
California	Proposition 48	$2,636,173	Arno Political Consultants and The Monaco Group
Colorado	Proposition 104	$253,564	Kennedy Enterprise LLC
Florida	Amendment 1	$1,507,968	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Maine	Question 1	$77,720	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Massachusetts	Question 3	$191,712	Spoonworks, Inc. and Madison Group, Inc.
Michigan	Proposal 2	$452,539	PCI Consultants, Inc.
Missouri	Amendment 3	$1,015,592	National Petition Management and Ozark Strategic Solutions
Nebraska	Initiative 425	$360,955	FieldWorks, LLC
North Dakota	--	--	--
Oregon	Measure 92	$729,220	FieldWorks, LLC
South Dakota	--	--	--
Washington	Initiative 594	$686,252	PCI Consultants, Inc.

Cost per signature rankings

Table 4 below presents a ranking of initiatives, from highest to lowest, by the cost-per-required-signatures. Initiatives that did not hire petition drive companies were not included in this chart.

QUICK STATISTICS:

• Of the top ten highest initiative CPRS', Oregon had four, California had four, Missouri had one and Nebraska had one.
• Oregon Measure 92, also known as the Mandatory Labeling of GMOs Initiative, had the highest CPRS in 2014.
• Washington Initiative 1351, also known as the Class Size Reduction Measure, had the lowest CPRS in 2014.

Editor's note: In light of complexities calculating Nevada Question 3's CPRS that state and measure were not included in the rankings below. Nevada might have had the lowest average, but because of uncertainties based on how the signature expenses were reported, we can only assign a range -- $0.59 - $8.92 -- in Nevada.

Table 4: Initiatives ranked by CPRS
Rank	CPRS	State	Measure	Topic	Signature collection company
1	$8.36	Oregon	Measure 92	Business	FieldWorks, LLC
2	$8.19	Oregon	Measure 91	Marijuana	NW Democracy Resources
3	$6.44	Missouri	Amendment 3	Labor	National Petition Management and Ozark Strategic Solutions
4	$5.27	Oregon	Measure 90	Elections	Silver Bullet, LLC
5	$5.22	California	Proposition 48	Gambling	Arno Political Consultants and The Monaco Group
6	$4.49	Nebraska	Initiative 425	Min Wage	FieldWorks, LLC
7	$4.44	Oregon	Measure 89	Constitutional Rights	Encore Political Services, NW Democracy Resources, Boly:Welch and The Signature Gathering Co. of Oregon
8	$3.66	California	Proposition 47	Trials	PCI Consultants, Inc.
9	$3.43	California	Proposition 45	Insurance	Kimball Petition Management
10	$3.35	California	Proposition 46	Gesundheitswesen	Kimball Petition Management
11	$2.94	Colorado	Proposition 104	Gov't Acc	Kennedy Enterprise LLC
12	$2.81	Michigan	Proposal 2	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.
13	$2.79	Washington	Initiative 594	Firearms	PCI Consultants, Inc.
14	$2.54	Washington	Initiative 591	Firearms	Citizens Solutions LLC and Democracy Workshop
15	$2.38	Massachusetts	Question 3	Gambling	Spoonworks, Inc. and Madison Group, Inc.
16	$2.26	Michigan	Proposal 1	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.
17	$2.22	Arkansas	Issue 4	Alcohol	National Ballot Access
18	$2.21	Florida	Amendment 1	Environment	PCI Consultants, Inc.
19	$2.13	Oregon	Measure 88	Immigration	The Signature Gathering Co. of Oregon
20	$1.80	Massachusetts	Question 2	Environment	Spoonworks, Inc.
21	$1.54	Colorado	Amendment 68	Gambling	PCI Consultants, Inc.
22	$1.36	Maine	Question 1	Hunting	PCI Consultants, Inc.
23	$0.76	Florida	Amendment 2	Marijuana	National Voter Outreach
24	$0.24	Washington	Initiative 1351	Bildung	PCI Consultants, Inc.

Signature collection company breakdown

Table 5 below presents a breakdown of the main signature collection companies used by all initiatives in 2014.

QUICK STATISTICS:

• PCI Consultants, Inc. was hired for the most petition drives and in the most number of states.
• The signature collection company with the highest average CPRS was National Petition Management.
• The signature collection company with the lowest average CPRS was Organized Karma.

Editor's note: In light of complexities calculating Nevada Question 3's CPRS that state and measure were not included in the rankings below. Nevada might have had the lowest average, but because of uncertainties based on how the signature expenses were reported, we can only assign a range -- $0.59 - $8.92 -- in Nevada.

Table 5: CPRS breakdown by petition management company
Signature collection company	# of petition drives managed	Average CPRS	States involved
PCI Consultants, Inc.	8	$2.11	California, Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, Washington
FieldWorks, LLC	2	$6.43	Nebraska, Oregon
Kimball Petition Management	2	$3.39	California
The Signature Gathering Co. of Oregon	2	$3.29	Oregon
Spoonworks, Inc.	2	$2.09	Massachusetts
NW Democracy Resources	2	$6.32	Oregon
Arno Political Consultants	1	$5.22	California
Boly:Welch	1	$4.44	Oregon
Citizens Solutions LLC	1	$2.54	Washington
Democracy Workshop	1	$2.54	Washington
Encore Political Services	1	$4.44	Oregon
Kennedy Enterprises LLC	1	$2.94	Colorado
Madison Group, Inc.	1	$2.38	Massachusetts
The Monaco Group	1	$5.22	California
National Ballot Access	1	$2.22	Arkansas
National Petition Management	1	$6.44	Missouri
National Voter Outreach	1	$0.76	Florida
Ozark Strategic Solutions	1	$6.44	Missouri
Silver Bullet, LLC	1	$5.27	Oregon

Category breakdowns

Table 6 below presents a breakdown of initiatives by political issue. Only political issue categories where initiative campaigns paid for signature collection were included in this table.

QUICK STATISTICS:

• The most common issues were business regulation and minimum wage.
• Issues related to labor had the highest average CPRS in 2014. The CPRS was $6.44.
• Issues related to education had the lowest average CPRS in 2014 at $0.24.

Table 6: CPRS breakdown by topic
Political topic	Number of initiatives relating to topic	Average CPRS
Business	4	$4.14
Min Wage	4	$2.20
Environment	3	$2.01
Gambling	3	$3.05
Hunting	3	$2.14
Marijuana	3	$2.98
Taxes	3	$1.03
Bildung	2	$0.24
Firearms	2	$2.67
Insurance	2	$3.43
Labor	2	$6.44
Alcohol	1	$2.22
Constitutional Rights	1	$4.44
Elections	1	$5.27
Gov't Acc	1	$2.94
Gesundheitswesen	1	$3.35
Immigration	1	$2.13
Trials	1	$3.66

Methodology

This analysis uses the following general methodology:

• All data are compiled from data made available through each state's respective campaign finance website.
• Individual initiative data are obtained from available reports from the main committee believed to have been in charge of the petition effort.
• All costs that could be directly related to petitions, including petition gathering and petition printing, were accumulated. When a petition company is used, the company is listed even though all costs may not be directly associated.
• All averages are calculated using only available data. When an initiative did not have available data, it was excluded from such calculations.
• All averages are averages of totals, not averages of averages.

See also

Ballot measures

• 2014 ballot measures
• Analysis of the 2014 ballot measures

CPRS

• 2013 ballot measure petition signature costs
• 2012 ballot measure petition signature costs
• 2010 ballot measure petition signature costs