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Списък на компютърни съкращения

от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия


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  • /. – Slashdot
  • 1GL – Програмен език от първо поколение
  • 10B2 – 10 Base-2
  • 10B5 – 10 Base-5
  • 10B-F – 10 Base-F
  • 10B-FB – 10 Base-FB
  • 10B-FL – 10 Base-FL
  • 10B-FP – 10 Base-FP
  • 10B-T – 10 Base-T
  • 100B-FX – 100 Base-FX
  • 100B-T – 100 Base-T
  • 100B-TX – 100 Base-TX
  • 100BVG – 100 Base-VG
  • 2B1Q – 2 Binary 1 Quaternary
  • 2GL – Програмен език от второ поколение
  • 3GL – Програмен език от трето поколение
  • 4B5BLF – 4 Byte 5 Byte Local Fiber
  • 4GL – Програмен език от четвърто поколение
  • 5GL – Програмен език от пето поколение
  • 8B10BLF – 8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber
AA
Anti Aliasing (Против шум от Припокриване – филтри)
AAC
Advanced Audio Coding (Усъвършенствано Аудио Кодиране)
ACL
Access Control List (списък за контрол на достъпа)
ACPI
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (Усъвършенстван Интерфейс за Конфигуриране и Контрол)
AD
Active Directory (Активна Директория)
ADC
Apple Display Connector (Връзка към Монитор на фирмата 'Apple', вариант на DVI)
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(Асиметрична Цифрова Абонатна Линия, вариант на DSL)
AGA
Advanced Graphics Architecture (Усъвършенствана Графична Архитектура)
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port (Ускорен Графичен Порт)
AGU
Address Generation Unit (Устройство за Генериране на Адреси)
AIT
Advanced Intelligent Tape (Усъвършенствана Интелигентна Касета)
AI
Artificial Intelligence (Изкуствен Интелект)
AJAX
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Асинхронен JavaScript и XML)
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (Аритметично Логическо Устройство, част от микропроцесора)
ANSI
American National Standarts Institute
APIC
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (Усъвършенстван Програмируем Контролер на Прекъсванията)
API
Application Programmers/Programming Interface (Приложен Програмен Интерфейс)
APM
Advanced Power Management (Усъвършенствано Управление на Контрола)
AP
Access Point (Точка на Достъп)
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol (Протокол с Фиксирано Адресиране)
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (Код за Обмяна на Информация, съставен по Американския Стандарт)
ASF
Apache Software Fondation (Софтуерна Фондация 'Apache')
ASIC
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (Интегрална схема със Специфично Приложение)
ASP
Active Server Pages (Активни Страници на Сървър)
ATA
Advanced Technology (AT) Attachment (Допълнение към Усъвършенствана Технология)
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode; Asynchronous Time Multiplexing (Асинхронен Режим на Предаване; Асинхронно Мултиплексиране по Време)
AVI
Audio Video Interleaved (Аудио-Видео Свързаност, мултимедиен формат)
B2B
Business-to-Business – системна връзка между звена в рамките на една фирма/организация или различни фирми/организации
B2C
Business-to-Consumer – системна връзка между фирма/организация и нейните клиенти (или в по-общ смисъл, кореспинденти)
BASIC
Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, съкращението е добавено по-късно, първоначално е било само Basic
BBS
Bulletin Board System
BCC
Blind Carbon Copy (сляпо копие)
BCD
Binary Coded Decimal
BDC
Backup Domain Controller
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
BIOS
Basic Input Output System (BIOS – Основна входно изходна система)
BPEL
Business Process Execution Language
BNC
Bayonet Neill-Concelman
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol
BSOD
Blue Screen of Death (Син екран на смъртта само Windows)
CAD
Computer Aided Design / Компютърно проектиране, проектиране чрез специализиран проектантски софтуер
CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing / Производство, управлявано чрез компютри и софтуер
CARP
Common Address Redundancy Protocol
CC/PP
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles
CCD
Charge-coupled Device / Прибор със зарядна връзка
CC
Carbon Copy
CD
Compact disk / Компакт диск – обикновен (CD) диск
CD-ROM
Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
CD-RW
Compact Disc ReWriteable / Презаписваем Компакт диск
CD-R
Compact Disc Recordable / Компакт диск за еднократен запис на данни
CDE
Common Desktop Environment
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CGA
Color Graphics Adapter
CGI
Common Gateway Interface
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CIS
Computer Information System
CICS
Customer Information Control System
CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
CIFS
Common Internet File System
CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computing
CLI
Command Line Interface или Call Level Interface / Интерфейс с команден ред
CMS
Content Management System
CMM
Capability Maturity Model
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMYK
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black / Цветови модел (най-често за печатни издания)
COBOL
Common Business Oriented Language / Кобол – език за програмиране
COM
Component Object Model
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPU
Central Processing Unit / Централен процесор
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check / Алгоритъм, проверяващ за грешки при предаване и съхранение на данни използващ контролна сума.
CRT
Cathode-Ray Tube / Електронно-лъчева тръба (позната още, като КИНЕСКОП).
CSA
Common Scrambling Algorithmus
CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance / Метод за откриване на множествен достъп до средата и избягване от претоварване
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets / език за описание на стилове в уебстраници
CSS
Content Scrambling System
CUPS
Common Unix Printing System
CVS
Concurrent Versioning System
DAO
Data Access Object
DBMS
Database Management System
DCE
Distributed Computing Environment
DCF
Distributed Coordination Function (дистрибутивна координатна функция)
DCL
Data Control Language
DCOM
Distributed COM
DDC
Display Data Channel
DDE
Dynamic Data Exchange
DDL
Data Definition Language
DDoS
Distributed Denial of Service
DDR
Double Data Rate
DECT
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHTML
Динамично HTML, комбинация между HTML и Javascript
DAT
Digital Audio Tape
DRM
Digital Rights Management
DIMM
Dual In-Line Memory Modules
DLL
Dynamic Link Library (Динамична свързваща библиотека)
DMA
Direct Memory Access
DMCA
Digital Millenium Copyright Act
DML
Data Manipulation Language
DMZ
DeMilitarized Zone
DNS
Domain Name System
DOM
Document Object Model
DOS
Disk Operating System (Дискова Операционна Система)
DoS
Denial of Service
DRAM
Dynamic RAM (Динамична RAM)
DRL
Data Retrieval Language
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
DTD
Document Type Definition
DTO
Data Transfer Object
DTP
Desktop-Publishing
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting
DVD
Digital Versatile Disc (Дигитален Всестранен Диск)
DVI
Digital Video Interface
DWH
Data Warehouse/Склад за данни
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimals Interchange Code
ECMA
European Computer Manufacturers Association
ECP
Extended Capability Port
EDGE
Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution – повишаване скоростта на предаване на данни в GSM мобилни мрежи чрез допълнителен метод на модулация
EDID
Extended Display Identification Data
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EEPROM
Electrical Eraseable Programmable ROM
EGA
Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EIGRP
Enhanced IGRP
EISA
Extended ISA
EJB
Enterprise Java Beans
EMS
Expanded Memory Specification
EOF
End Of File (Край на файла)
EOL
End Of Line (Край на реда или чертата)
EPP
Enhanced Parallel Port
EPROM
Eraseable Programmable ROM
ESQL
Embedded SQL
FAT
File Allocation Table
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FIFO
First In First Out (Пръв Влязъл Пръв Излязъл)
FPGA
Field-Programmable Gate Array
FPU
Floating Point Unit
FPU
Fuzzy Processing Unit
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
GBIC
GigaBit Interface Converter
GCC; GNU Compiler Collection
GC
Garbage Collection/Collector
GNOME
GNU Network Object Model Environment
GNU
GNU's Not UNIX!
GPL
GNU General Public License
GPU
Graphic Proccesing Unit
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GRUB
GRand Unified Boot-loader
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications (Глобална Система за Мобилна Комуникация)
GTK
GIMP Toolkit
GUID
Globally Unique Identifier
GUI
Graphical User Interface (Графичен потребителски интерфейс)
HDLC
High level Data Link Control
HGC
Hercules Graphics Card
HMA
High Memory Area
HPFS
High Performance File System
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HSRP
Hot Standby Router Protocol
HT
HyperThreading
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
HTPC
Home Theater Personal Computer
HTTPS
HyperText Transport Protocol + SSL
HTTP
HyperText Transport Protocol
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics/Intelligent Drive Electronics
IDL
Interface Definition Language
IDMS
Integrated Database Management System
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFS
InterFrame Space (междукадрово разстояние)
IGRP
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
IIOP
Internet Inter-Orb Protocol
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol
IMS
Information Management System
IP
Internet Protocol (Интернет Протокол)
IPC
Instructions Per Cycle
IPC
InterProcess Communications
IPP
Internet Printing Protocol
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange
IRC
Internet Relay Chat
IrDA
Infrared Data Association
IRQ
Interrupt Request
ISA
Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISP
Internet Service Provider
IT
Information Technology
JDBC; Java DataBase Connectivity
JDK
Java Development Kit
JFS
Journaling File System
JMS
Java Message Service
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
JSF
Java Server Faces
JSP
JavaServer Pages
JVM
Java Virtual Machine
KDE
K Desktop Environment
KVM
Keyboard Video Mouse
L2TP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
LAMP
Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP-Perl
LAN
Local Area Network
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP
Leightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LFU
Least-Frequently Used
LIFO
Last In Last Out
LILO
LInux LOader
LISP
LISt Processor (Обработчик на списъци), език за програмиране
LLC
Logical Link Control
LRU
Least-Recently Used
LUN
Logical Unit Number
MAC
Media Access Control
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
MBR
Master Boot Record
MCA
Micro Channel Architecture
MFC
Microsoft Foundation Class
MIDS
Multi Functional Information Distribution System
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MMS
Multimedia Messaging Service
MMU
Memory Management Unit
MMX
Multimedia Extension
MOS
Metal Oxide Semiconductor
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching
MRAM
Magnetic RAM
MSDN
Microsoft Software Developer Network
MTA
Mail Transfer Agent
MTU
Maximum Transfer Unit
MUA
Mail User Agent
MVC
Model View Controller
NAS
Network Attached Storage
NAT
Network Address Translation
NAV
Network Allocation Vector (вектор на мрежовото разпределение)
NDS
Novell Directory Services
NFS
Network File System (Мрежова Файлова Система)
NGSC
Next Generation Secure Computing Base
NIC
Network Interface Card
NIC
Networked Information Center
NNTP
Network News Transport Protocol
NTFS
New Technology File System
NVRAM
Non Volatile RAM
OCR
Optical Character Recognition
ODBC
Open DataBase Connectivity
ODMG
Object Database Management Group
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLAP
Online Analytical Processing
OLE
Object Linking and Embedding
OLTP
OnLine Transaction Processing
OODBMS
Object-Oriented DataBase Management System
OOP
Objektorientierte Programmierung
OQL
Object Query Language
ORDBMS
Object-Relational DataBase Management System
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
OSS; Open Source Software (софтуер с отворен код)
OS
Operating System (операционна система)
P2P
Peer to Peer
PAL
Programmable Array Logic
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PCF
Point Coordination Function (точково координатна функция)
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA
Personal Digital Assistant
PDC
Primary Domain Controller
PDF
Portable Document Format
PHP
Personal home Page
PLA
Programmable Logic Array
PNG
Portable Network Graphics
POP3
Post Office Protocol Version 3
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface for UniX
PPD; Postscript Printer Description
PPPoE; PPP over Ethernet
PPP
Point to Point Protocol
PPTP
Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
PROM
Programmable ROM
PS
PostScript
PSU
Power Supply Unit
QoS
Qualtity of Service
RAD
Rapid Application Development
RAID
Redundant Array of Inexpensive / Independent Disks
RAM
Random Access Memory (Памет с произволен достъп)
RARP
Reverse ARP
RAS
Remote Access Service
RDBMS
Relational DataBase Management System (релационна система за управление на бази от данни
RDF
Resource Description Framework
REU
RAM Expansion Unit
RFC
Request for Comments
RGB
Red Green Blue (Червено Зелено Синьо)
RIMM
Rambus In-Line Memory Modul
RIP
Raster Image Process
RIP
Routing Information Protocol
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
RMI
Remote Method Invocation
ROM
Read Only Memory (Памет само за четене)
RPC
Remote Procedure Call
RPM
Round Per Minute
SACD
Super-Audio-CD
SANE
Scanner Access Now Easy
Standard Apple Numeric Environment
SAN
Storage Area Network
SATA
Serial ATA
SCAM; SCSI Configuration AutoMatically
SCSI
Small Computers System Interface
SDK
Software Development Kit
SDSL
Symmetric/Single line Digital Subscriber Line, вариант на DSL
SEO
Search Engine Optimization
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIMD
Single-Instruction Multiple-Data
SIMM
Single In-line Memory Module
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol
SIP
Sideway Information Passing
SLIP
Serial Line Internet Protocol
SLR
Scalable Linear Recording
SMB
Server Message Block
SMIL
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SML
Standard Meta Language
SMP
Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMS
Short Message Service
SMTP
Simple Mail Transport Protocol
SNA
Systems Network Architecture
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SOA
Service-oriented architecture
SOAP
Simple Object Access Protocol
SQL
Structured Query Language
SRAM
Static RAM
SSD Solid state drive
SSH
Secure SHell
SSI
Server Side Includes
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
SVCD
Super Video Compact Disc
SVGA
Super Video Graphics Array
SVG
Scalable Vector Graphics
TIN
Triangulation Iregular Network нерегулярна триъгълникова мрежа - непресичаща се триъгълникова мрежа
Tcl
Tool Command Language, език за програмиране
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet – Protocol Протокол за контрол на трансмисията/Интернет протокол
TCPA
Trusted Computer Platform Architecture
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
TFTP
Trivial FTP
TFT
Thin Film Transistor
TPM
Trusted Platform Module
TTL
Time to live или Transistor-Transistor-Logic
TWAIN
Toolkit Without An Interesting Name
UART
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
UDF
Universal Disc Format
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UFS
UNIX File System (Уникс Файлова Система)
UMB
Upper Memory Block
UML
Unified Modeling Language
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
USB
Universal Serial Bus (Универсална Серийна Шина)
USV
Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
UTF
UCS Transformation Format
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
UXGA
Ultra Extended Graphics Array
VBA
Visual Basic for Applications
VBS
Visual Basic Script
VB
Visual Basic
VDSL
Very High Data Rate DSL, вариант на DSL
VESA
Video Electronics Standards Association
VGA
Video Graphics Accelerator
VLAN
virtual LAN
VLB
Vesa Local Bus
VoIP
Voice over IP
VPN
Virtual Private Network
VPS
Virtual Private Server, Виртуален Личен Сървър
VRAM
Video RAM (Видео RAM)
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
WAIS
Wide Area Information Servers
WAMP
Windows-Apache-MySQL-PHP-Perl
WAN
Wide Area Network
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy
WINE
WINE Is Not an Emulator
WINS
Windows Internet Name Service
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
WML
Wireless Markup Language
WOL
Wake on LAN
WORM
Write Once Read Multiple
WSDL
Web Service Definition Language
WSH
Windows Scripting Host
WWW
World Wide Web (световна паяжина)
WYSISLWYG
What You See Is Sort-of Like What You Get
WYSIWYG
What You See Is What You Get (това, което виждаш, е това, което получаваш)
XGA
eXtended Graphics Array
XHTML
eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML-RPC
eXtensible Markup Language Remote Procedure Call
XML
eXtensible Markup Language (стандартен език за обработка на данни)
XMS
Extended Memory Specification
XSLT
XSL Transformations
XSL
eXtensible Stylesheet Language