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=== Post-2003 ===
According to Barbara F. Walter, post-2003 civil wars are different from previous civil wars in that most are situated in Muslim-majority countries; most of the rebel groups espouse radical Islamist ideas and goals; and most of these radical groups pursue transnational rather than national aims.<ref name="
===Effects===
Civil wars often have severe economic consequences: two studies estimate that each year of civil war reduces a country's [[GDP]] growth by about 2%. It also has a regional effect, reducing the GDP growth of neighboring countries. Civil wars also have the potential to lock the country in a [[conflict trap]], where each conflict increases the likelihood of future conflict.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-064057|doi-access=free|title=The Consequences of Contention: Understanding the Aftereffects of Political Conflict and Violence|year=2019|last1=Davenport|first1=Christian|last2=Mokleiv Nygård|first2=Håvard|last3=Fjelde|first3=Hanne|last4=Armstrong|first4=David|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|volume=22|pages=361–377}}</ref>
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* [[Wars of national liberation]]
==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|20em}}▼
== References ==
== Further reading ==
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