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The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国道; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國道; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào) is a network of trunk roads across mainland China. Apart from the expressways of China that are planned and constructed later, most of the CNH are not controlled-access highways.
China National Highways | |
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Highway names | |
CNH: | GXXX (red) |
System links | |
History
editThis section needs to be updated.(January 2022) |
The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north–south and seven east–west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km (21,300 mi) of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km2.
With the completion in 2008 of the five north–south and the seven east–west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km (22,000 mi), Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.
The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km (53,000 mi), including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Ürümqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.
In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to 265,000 km (165,000 mi), with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.[1]
In 2022, the NDRC and MOT published a new National Highway Network Plan (Chinese: 国家公路网规划), added and re-formed several expressways and national highways. It is expected that all national highways will connect all county-level (or above) administrative regions (except those that are parts of Sansha), important national tourist attractions and border checkpoints.[2]
Regulation
editAlthough an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 120 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in excess of 120 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition, there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.[citation needed]
Nationwide highways often begin with the letter GXXX, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the GXXX stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.[3]
The numbering of the highways is as follows:
- Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the "NTHS" (7, 11, 18) system.
- Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing - the capital city of the People's Republic of China - and spread out in all compass directions, except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Bazhou as it is a ring road around Jingjinji.
- Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia through to Beihai in Guangxi province);
- Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from Shanghai through to Ruili in Yunnan province);
- Highways in the 500, 600 and 700 series are connecting roads between other national highways.
In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.
List of all China National Highways
editHighways listed in red are under construction or still in planning. Those listed in yellow are currently partially finished. Those listed in grey were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated.
Former 000 Series
editNote: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north–south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" were east–west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS" (7918) system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways named under the new numbering system, see Expressways of China.
It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted[when?] using the format GZXX, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.
Number | Name | English Name | Start point | End point | Length | Notes |
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G010 | 010国道 | China National Highway 010 | Tongjiang | Sanya | 5,700 km (3,500 mi) | Was the longest China National Highway overall. Now G1011 and part of G1, G15, G1503 and G98. |
G015 | 015国道 | China National Highway 015 | Suifenhe | Manzhouli | 2,540 km (1,580 mi) | Now G10. |
G020 | 020国道 | China National Highway 020 | Beijing | Fuzhou | 2,540 km (1,580 mi) | Now part of G3. |
G025 | 025国道 | China National Highway 025 | Dandong | Lhasa | 4,590 km (2,850 mi) | Now part of G1113, G1 and G6. |
G030 | 030国道 | China National Highway 030 | Beijing | Zhuhai | 2,310 km (1,440 mi) | Now part of G4 and G0425. |
G035 | 035国道 | China National Highway 035 | Qingdao | Yinchuan | 1,610 km (1,000 mi) | Now G20. |
G040 | 040国道 | China National Highway 040 | Erenhot | Hekou | 3,610 km (2,240 mi) | Now part of G55, G5 and G80, and all of G8011. |
G045 | 045国道 | China National Highway 045 | Lianyungang | Khorgas | 3,980 km (2,470 mi) | Now G30. |
G050 | 050国道 | China National Highway 050 | Chongqing | Zhanjiang | 1,430 km (890 mi) | Now part of G15 and G75. |
G055 | 055国道 | China National Highway 055 | Shanghai | Chengdu | 2,970 km (1,850 mi) | Now G42. |
G065 | 065国道 | China National Highway 065 | Shanghai | Ruili | 4,090 km (2,540 mi) | Now G60 and part of G56. |
G075 | 075国道 | China National Highway 075 | Hengyang | Kunming | 1,980 km (1,230 mi) | Now part of G72, G80 and G78. |
100 Series
edit200 Series
edit300 Series
edit500 Series
edit600-700 Series
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ [关注国家公路网]公路网规划支撑中国梦. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-04-29.
- ^ "国家发展改革委 交通运输部关于印发《国家公路网规划》的通知". Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. 12 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ "China's Highroad to Highway Success". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019.