Giacomo Carboni (29 April 1889 – 2 December 1973) was an Italian general who was the commander of Corpo d'armata motocorazzato deployed around Rome in the early days of September 1943.[1]

Giacomo Carboni
Carboni circa 1940
Chief of the Servizio Informazioni Militare
In office
3 November 1939 – 20 September 1940
Preceded byDonato Tripiccione
Succeeded byCesare Amè
Military Governor of Corsica
In office
30 November 1942 – February 1943
Preceded byUmberto Mondino
Succeeded byGiovanni Magli
Personal details
Born(1889-04-29)29 April 1889
Reggio Emilia, Kingdom of Italy
Died2 December 1973(1973-12-02) (aged 84)
Rome, Italy
Political partyItalian Communist Party
(post-WWII)
Alma materMilitary Academy of Modena
ProfessionMilitary officer
Military service
Allegiance Kingdom of Italy (1912–1946)
 Italy (1946–1951)
Branch/service Royal Italian Army (1912–1946)
 Italian Army (1946–1951)
Years of service1912–1951
RankArmy corps general
Unit22nd Infantry Division "Cacciatori delle Alpi"
20th Infantry Division "Friuli"
Motorized-Armored Army Corps
SIM
Battles/wars

Life and career

edit

Born in Reggio Emilia he joined the Modena Military Academy where he was commissioned Sottotenente. Then he fought in the Libyan war. During World War I he was an officer of the Alpini. In 1936–37 he was commander of the 81st infantry regiment during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, in 1939 he was Vice Commander of Cacciatori delle Alpi division. From September 1939 to June 1940 he was the chief of SIM. As chief of the Italian military secret service he wrote a series of reports to Mussolini wherein the Italian preparation to the war was described as inadequate.[2][3] Carboni was dismissed from his post at SIM and was made commander of the Modena Military Academy.

From December 1941 until November 1942, he was commander of the 20 Infantry Division Friuli and in the first half of 1943, he led the VII Army Corps during the Italian occupation of Corsica.

Role in 1943

edit

In the eve of the 25 July coup General Ambrosio named Carboni as head of the Corpo d'armata motocorazzato in charge of the defense of Rome against the Germans and he cooperated in the overthrow of Mussolini. In the days between 2 July and 8 September he was also named head of the SIM again and he ordered the arrest of many fascists loyal to Mussolini.[citation needed]

In the night of 7 September he hosted US general Maxwell D. Taylor and declared to the US counterpart his impossibility to defend Rome against the Germans due to the weakness of Italian forces. Despite the fact that the divisions in his command were the most modern and largely superior in numbers in the night of 8 September he did not attack the German forces and in the morning of the 9 September Carboni left his post as commander of the army corps and tried to reach the group around King Victor Emmanuel III and Pietro Badoglio. In the late hours of the 9 September he returned to Rome but his command was ineffective.

After the liberation of Rome he was under investigation for his role in the failed defence of Rome but was acquitted.[4]

References

edit
  1. ^ "Carboni Giacomo, Lieutenant-General". Generals.dk. Steen Ammentorp.
  2. ^ Ciano's Diary, 1939-1943, 2 May 1939.
    General Carboni, who has the reputation of being a deep student of military matters, today confirms the reports that our armament situation is disastrous.
  3. ^ Ciano's Diary, 1939-1943, September 5, 1939.
    General Carboni paints a very dark picture of our military preparedness, our meagre resources, disorganized command, demoralization among the masses. Perhaps he exaggerates, but there is some truth in it.
  4. ^ Montanelli, Indro (1980). Storia d'Italia 1936-1943. Rcs Libri.