Gliese 414, also known as GJ 414, is a binary system made up of an orange dwarf and a red dwarf, located about 39 light years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major.[6][note 1] With an apparent magnitude of 8.31, it is not visible to the naked eye.[4][6] The primary component of the system has two known exoplanets.[7]

Gliese 414
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Ursa Major[note 1]
GJ 414 A[1]
Right ascension 11h 11m 05.17s
Declination +30° 26′ 45.7″
Apparent magnitude (V) 8.864±0.012[2]
GJ 414 B[3]
Right ascension 11h 11m 02.54s
Declination +30° 26′ 41.3″
Apparent magnitude (V) 10[3]
Characteristics
GJ 414 A
Spectral type K7V[1]
B−V color index 1.255[2]
Variable type None
GJ 414 B
Spectral type M2V[3]
B−V color index 2.41±0.34[2]
Variable type None
Astrometry
GJ 414 A
Radial velocity (Rv)−16.63 [1] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 591.622±0.0812 mas/yr[4]
Dec.: −197.247±0.0911 mas/yr[4]
Parallax (π)84.1766 ± 0.0258 mas[1]
Distance38.75 ± 0.01 ly
(11.880 ± 0.004 pc)
GJ 414 B
Radial velocity (Rv)−15.34[3] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 604.831±0.0806 mas/yr[4]
Dec.: −206.442±0.0751 mas/yr[4]
Parallax (π)84.1554 ± 0.0200 mas[3]
Distance38.756 ± 0.009 ly
(11.883 ± 0.003 pc)
Details[2]
GJ 414 A
Mass0.65±0.08 M
Radius0.68±0.14 R
Luminosity0.119±0.013 L
Habitable zone inner limit0.37 AU
Habitable zone outer limit0.70 AU
Temperature4120±109 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.24±0.1 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3[5] km/s
Age12.4±5.2 Gyr
GJ 414 B
Mass0.542±0.022 M
Radius0.548±0.017 R
Luminosity0.05 L
Temperature3663±70 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.08±0.09 dex
Age11.2±5.9 Gyr
Other designations
Gliese 414, HD 97101, LHS 2367, DO 14370, HIC 54646, HIP 54646, LFT 767, LTT 13009, NLTT 26534, 2MASS J11110509+3026459, TIC 9001920, TYC 2520-2524-1, WDS J11111+3027A, WISEA J111105.67+302643.6, Gaia EDR3 732857558276385664[1]
Position (relative to Gliese 414 A)[2]
ComponentGliese 414 B
Angular distance34.34
Projected separation408 AU
Database references
SIMBADdata

Characteristics

edit

The main component of the system, Gliese 414 A, is a relatively active orange dwarf, about 68% the size of the Sun and 65% its mass.[2] Its age is estimated at 12.4 billion years, about two and a half times the age of the Solar System.[2] It is orbited by two known exoplanets, called Gliese 414 Ab and Gliese 414 Ac.

The secondary component, Gliese 414 B, is a red dwarf of type M2V, that is 55% the size of the Sun and 54% its mass.[2] Unlike its companion star, Gliese 414 B is not orbited by any known planets.[6]

The binary star system is located in the northern hemisphere, approximately 38.8 light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.[4][note 1] The closest star to the star system is CW Ursae Majoris, at a distance of 5.3 light-years.[6]

Nearest stars to Gliese 414[6]
Name Distance (light-years)
CW Ursae Majoris 5.3
DS Leonis 5.9
2MASS J10475+2124 7.8
Gliese 1138 8.1
Gliese 1134 8.3

Planetary system

edit

The primary star, Gliese 414 A, is orbited by two exoplanets.[2] They were discovered in 2020 by analyzing radial velocity data from Keck's HIRES instrument and the Automated Planet Finder at Lick Observatory, as well as photometric data from KELT.[7][8]

The innermost planet, Gliese 414 Ab, orbits its star at an average distance of 0.23 astronomical units, making it close to the optimistic habitable zone.[2] Its orbit is eccentric (e = 0.45), which causes the distance from its star to vary from 0.13 to 0.34 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is calculated at 36 °C.[2] With a minimum mass of 7.6 ME, it is likely to have a significant volatile-rich envelope, thus being a poor candidate for habitability.[2][8]

The outermost planet, Gliese 414 Ac, is a super-Neptune that orbits its star at a greater distance of 1.4 astronomical units, which makes it a frigid planet, having an equilibrium temperature of about -150 °C.[2] It is a good candidate for future direct imaging missions.[2][7][8]

The Gliese 414 A planetary system
Companion
(in order from star)
Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≥7.6+2.44
−2.19
 M🜨
0.232±0.01 50.8+0.01
−0.26
0.45+0.19
−0.22
2.63+1.22
−0.85
 R🜨
c ≥53.83+9.18
−8.58
 M🜨
1.4+0.055
−0.06
749.83+4.35
−3.63
0.105+0.110
−0.703
8.4+3.6
−2.5
 R🜨

See also

edit

Notes and references

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f "HD 97101". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (January 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 1538-3881.
  3. ^ a b c d e "HD 97101B". SIMBAD. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d "Gliese 414 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  5. ^ Nordström, B.; Mayor, M.; Andersen, J.; Holmberg, J.; Pont, F.; Jørgensen, B. R.; Olsen, E. H.; Udry, S.; Mowlavi, N. (2004-05-01). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ∼14 000 F and G dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 418: 989–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0405198. Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959. ISSN 0004-6361. Archived from the original on 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  6. ^ a b c d e "★ Gliese 414". Stellar Catalog. Archived from the original on 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  7. ^ a b c "Open Exoplanet Catalogue - Gliese 414 Ab". www.openexoplanetcatalogue.com. Archived from the original on 2023-12-14. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  8. ^ a b c Anderson, Natali (2020-09-21). "Astronomers Find Two Massive Exoplanets in Nearby Binary System | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-13. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  1. ^ a b c Constellation obtained with a right ascension of 11h 11m 5.17s and a declination of +30° 26′ 45.7″[1] on this website.