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List of conflicts in the Near East

This article is about conflicts in the Near East up until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. For a more extensive list of conflicts from the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.

This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north). This list includes most present-day sovereign states (some of which may be disputed) beginning eastward from West and Central Asia (the Republic of Iraq, State of Kuwait, and Islamic republics of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan), Syria (the Syrian Arab Republic and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), Transcaucasia (the republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia), Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (the Republic of Turkey), Arabian Peninsula (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, State of Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman, and Republic of Yemen), Levant (the Lebanese Republic, Republic of Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and the states of Israel and Palestine), Northeast Africa (the Arab Republic of Egypt and Republic of the Sudan), and Northwest Africa (the State of Libya, Republic of Tunisia, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Kingdom of Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and Islamic Republic of Mauritania). Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and naval) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East" (or the "Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

  The limited, modern, archaeological, and historical context of the Near East.
  The Middle and Near East.
Logotype for the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
Western Asia.

Ancient times

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Further information: History of the Middle East, Ancient Near East, Fertile Crescent, History of the Caucasus, and Elam

Bronze Age

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Egypt

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Further information: History of Egypt

Mesopotamia

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Further information: History of Mesopotamia

Levant

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Further information: List of conflicts in the Land of Israel and History of the ancient Levant

Anatolia

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Further information: History of Anatolia

Early Iron Age

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Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period

Main articles: Egyptian Empire, Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Judah, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Median Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, and Achaemenid Empire

Classical antiquity

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Greco-Persian domination

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Main articles: Achaemenid Empire, Greco-Persian Wars, Alexander the Great, and Wars of the Diadochi

Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination

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Main article: Roman–Persian Wars

Medieval times

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Modern times

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Early modern period

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Early Ottoman expansion

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Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516

Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

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Late modern period

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Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

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Ottoman Tanzimat period

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Post-Ottoman era conflicts

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This article is about past conflicts in the Near East. For modern conflicts (post-Ottoman period), see List of modern conflicts in the Middle East.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ergil, Doğu, PKK: The Kurdistan Workers' Party, in Marianne Heiberg, Brendan O'Leary, John Tirman, eds., Terror, insurgency, and the state: ending protracted conflicts, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007, p.356
  2. ^ Chaliand, Gérard, The Kurdish tragedy, Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p.25
  3. ^ Vanly, Ismet Chériff, The Kurds in the Soviet Union, in Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl, eds., The Kurds: a contemporary overview, Routledge, 2000, p.196
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