Sonia Alconini Mujica (born 1965) is a Bolivian anthropologist and archaeologist specializing in the socioeconomic and political development of early states and empires in the Andes. She has studied the dynamics of ancient imperial frontiers, and the ways in which Guarani tropical tribes expanded over these spaces. She has also conducted work in the eastern Bolivian valleys and Lake Titicaca region.

Sonia Alconini
Born
Sonia Alconini Mujica

1965
NationalityBolivian
OccupationArchaeologist

Biography

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Sonia Alconini Mujica was born 1965 in Bolivia and developed an early interest in the political formations of early Andean societies and the use of archaeology to improve the understanding of cultural relationships.[1] In 1992, she participated in the Taraco Archaeological Project of UC Berkeley at Chiripa, an ongoing project aimed at unraveling the socioeconomic and political development of the Formative Period of the Lake Titicaca basin. Pottery shards excavated at the site were from Chiripa, Chiripa-Mamani, and Tiwanaku III, IV, and V phases of civilization.[2] She completed her undergraduate degree in 1993 from the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz[3] and went on to study at the University of Pittsburgh, earning a master's degree in anthropology in 2000 and a PhD in archaeology in 2002. In 2004, Alconini was hired as an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio and in 2010, she was promoted to an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology.[4]

Her early research focused on the spread of the Inka into the Bolivian highlands and their impact on the civilizations already in the area, showing interaction between cultures rather than domination.[5] She won a US National Science Foundation grant in 2007 to further explore the boundaries of the Inka expansion and clarify changes before and after Inka contact. The aim of the project was to determine how contact with the Inka effected settlement patterns and the political economy of the area.[6] In 2009, Alconini's excavations in the Charazani valley, the ancient imperial center of the Kallawayas, at a site called Pata Kaata yielded new insights into the evolution of the area, the range of activities which took place in its sacred sites, the process used to maintain political legitimacy and the hierarchy of the cultures at the borders of Lake Titicaca.[7] In 2013, her collaboration with Sara Becker of the University of California at Riverside at the Wata Wata site, uncovered three skulls, two belonging to women. Examination showed ritual acts of violence, including beheading and removal of the eyes with no sign of battle injury. The discovery scuttled a long-held belief that images of violence were not literal depictions but were illustrative.[8] Alconini's assessment of the evidence concluded that the inhabitants of Tiwanaku empire in the Kallawaya region of Bolivia, used trade, religion, and ritual violence as political strategies to retain power.[9]

Selected works

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References

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  1. ^ McCann 2000, p. 59.
  2. ^ Hastorf, Christine A. (1 December 1992). "Preliminary Report on the 1992 excavations at Chiripa, Bolivia by the Taraco Archaeological Project" (PDF). Berkeley, California: Page 1 eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Archaeological Research Facility UC Berkeley. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  3. ^ Bauer & Stanish 2001, p. 283.
  4. ^ "Investigadores / Arqueología / Sonia Alconini (Ph D.)" (in Spanish). Saberes Bolivianos. 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  5. ^ Parker & Rodseth 2005, p. 112.
  6. ^ "Imperial Marginality and Frontier: Kallawayas and Chunchos in the Eastern Inka Borders". Arlington, Virginia: National Science Foundation. 16 January 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  7. ^ "La presencia Inka en el valle de Charazani, Incallajta y Paria" (in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia: Periódico Digital de Investigación sobre Bolivia. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  8. ^ Killgrove, Kristina (17 May 2015). "Gruesome Evidence Of Political Torture Found On Precolumbian Skulls". Forbes. Jersey City, New Jersey. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  9. ^ "La violencia ritual tuvo un papel crucial en Tiahuanaco" (in Spanish). Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico: Informador. 2 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2015.

Bibliography

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