Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.[2] The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.[3]

Terminalia
Terminalia catappa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Terminalia
L. (1767)[1]
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Adamaram Adans. (1763)
  • Anogeissus (DC.) Guill. (1832)
  • Badamia Gaertn. (1791)
  • Buceras P.Browne (1756)
  • Buchenavia Eichler (1866)
  • Bucida L. (1759)
  • Catappa Gaertn. (1791)
  • Chicharronia A.Rich. (1845)
  • Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. (1789)
  • Fatrea Juss. (1811)
  • Finetia Gagnep. (1916)
  • Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
  • Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan (1814), nom. illeg.
  • Kniphofia Scop. (1777), nom. rej.
  • Myrobalanifera Houtt. (1774)
  • Myrobalanus Gaertn. (1790)
  • Pamea Aubl. (1775)
  • Panel Adans. (1763)
  • Pentaptera Roxb. (1828)
  • Pteleopsis Engl. (1894)
  • Ramatuela Kunth (1825)
  • Ramatuella Kunth (1826), orth. var.
  • Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. (1785), not validly publ.
  • Tanibouca Aubl. (1775)
  • Terminaliopsis Danguy (1923)
  • Vicentia Allemão (1844)

Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder.[4] African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds.[5] A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.[6]

Selected species

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Terminalia argentea flowers
 
Terminalia arjuna flowers
 
Terminalia bellirica fruit
 
Terminalia catappa flowers with a hoverfly - a close up
 
Terminalia pallida in Talakona forest, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India
 
Terminalia porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers
 
Terminalia mantaly street tree in Hong Kong

There are 278 accepted Terminalia species as of July 2024 according to Plants of the World Online.[2] Selected species include:

References

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  1. ^ a b "Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  2. ^ a b "Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  3. ^ "Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  4. ^ Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20
  5. ^ Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53
  6. ^ Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.