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Causes of Facial Asymmetry
editDental Causes
edit- Loss of Deciduous Teeth
- Congenitally missing tooth/teeth
Skeletal Causes
edit- Mandible only
- Condylar Hyperplasia
- Condylar Hypoplasia
- Condylar Neoplasia
- Condylar Resorption
- Maxilla only
- Combination of both (Hemifacial Microsomia, Parry–Romberg syndrome)
Muscular Causes
edit- Masseter Hypertrophy
- Sternocleidomastoid fibrosis (Torticolis)
Functional Causes
edit- Malpositioned tooth
- Constricted maxillary arch
Traumatic Causes
editEvaluation
editEvaluation of facial asymmetry can be done by diagnostic aids listed below. A radiograph such as panoramic x-ray can allow one to measure the length difference between the two ramus of the mandible. A PA Cephalogram allows one to understand the differences between bony structures on the left and the right side of the face. [1]
- Extra-oral photographs
- Lateral Cephalograms
- Frontal Cephalograms
- Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
- Radioisotope imaging
- Dental Casts
- Panoramic Radiograph
- Stereophotogrammetry
- Laser scans
Characteristics
editMandibular asymmetry may present itself in 3 planes of space: Vertical, Transverse or Antero-posterior. It is important to note that these features maybe caused by either skeletal, dental or functional causes of asymmetries.[2][3]
- Lower dental midline deviation
- Canted occlusal plane
- Due to increased mandibular ramus or condyle
- Increased supra-eruption of posterior teeth on the affected side
- Unilateral Crossbite
- Chin deviation
References
edit- ^ Erickson, Gary E.; Waite, Daniel E. (1974-12-01). "Mandibular asymmetry". The Journal of the American Dental Association. 89 (6): 1369–1373. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1974.0596. ISSN 0002-8177.
- ^ Sezgin, Omer Said; Celenk, Peruze; Arici, Selim (2009-08-21). "Mandibular Asymmetry in Different Occlusion Patterns". The Angle Orthodontist. 77 (5): 803–807. doi:10.2319/092506-392.
- ^ Vasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito; Gonçalves, Fabio; Andrade, Aureo; Guillen, Milagros; Landim, Fabricio (August 2012). "Mandibular asymmetry: literature review and case report". Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 78 (4): 137–137. doi:10.1590/S1808-86942012000400028. ISSN 1808-8694.