Wine shipping laws in the United States differ between states and are controlled by state law. While most alcohol sales are controlled by the three-tier system, nearly all states now permit some form of direct shipping of wine from wineries to consumers. Most states require wineries to pay for a permit in order to ship to consumers in the state, resulting in a winery-dependent slate of states that it may ship to. Direct wine shipments are also typically subject to sales and/or excise taxes. Most states also limit the quantity of wine that may be purchased monthly or annually, usually in terms of the number of nine-liter cases of wine that may be shipped, though most consumers are unaffected by these limits. Shipment of wine to dry areas is illegal.
In the 2005 case Granholm v. Heald, the Supreme Court ruled that states must regulate direct shipment of wines to consumers from in-state and out-of-state wineries in the same way, either allowing or banning both. Since that ruling, more states gradually began to allow direct shipment of wine from wineries to consumers. Some states also allow direct shipment of wine from out-of-state retailers to consumers.
Laws by state
editAlabama
editDirect shipments of wine are generally prohibited in Alabama. However, individual consumers may receive such shipments by obtaining prior written approval from the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. The shipment must be consigned, with freight charges prepaid, directly to the individual in care of an ABC store.
Alaska
editWine can be shipped directly to consumers in Alaska, except in certain dry communities.
Arizona
editConsumers in Arizona are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually from wineries.
Arkansas
editDirect shipment of wine is prohibited in Arkansas for off-site sales; consumers may place on-site orders for shipment at wineries.
California
editDirect shipment of wine to consumers in California is allowed.
Colorado
editDirect shipment of wine to consumers in Colorado is allowed.
Connecticut
editConsumers in Connecticut are limited to 2 cases per person shipped directly to them every 2 months.
Delaware
editDirect shipment of wine is prohibited in Delaware for off-site sales; consumers may place on-site orders for shipment at wineries.
District of Columbia
editConsumers in the District of Columbia are limited to 1 case per person shipped directly to them per month.
Florida
editDirect shipment to consumers in Florida is permitted, except in certain dry counties.
Georgien
editConsumers in Georgia are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Hawaii
editConsumers in Hawaii are limited to 6 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Idaho
editConsumers in Idaho are limited to 24 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Illinois
editConsumers in Illinois are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Indiana
editConsumers in Indiana are limited to 24 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Iowa
editDirect shipment of wine from wineries to consumers in Iowa is allowed.
Kansas
editConsumers in Kansas are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually from wineries.
Kentucky
editCarriers refuse to ship wine directly to Kentucky consumers, due to the difficulty of distinguishing dry areas from "wet" ones. Shipping wine to dry areas in Kentucky is a felony offense.[3]
Louisiana
editDirect shipment of wine to consumers in Louisiana is allowed, but only for wines that are not distributed by any wholesaler in the state.
Maine
editConsumers in Maine are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually from wineries.
Maryland
editConsumers in Maryland are limited to 18 cases shipped directly to them annually from wineries.
Massachusetts
editOn January 14, 2010, the case of FWC v. Jenkins in Boston struck down limits on wine shipments to Massachusetts.[4] Despite that ruling, wine shipments to Massachusetts were largely impossible until January 1, 2015, when direct shipping from wineries to consumers in Massachusetts of up to 12 cases per year became allowed by law.[5][6]
Michigan
editDirect shipment of wine from wineries to consumers in Michigan is allowed.
Minnesota
editConsumers in Minnesota are limited to 2 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Mississippi
editDirect shipment of wine is prohibited in Mississippi.
Missouri
editConsumers in Missouri are limited to 2 cases shipped directly to them per month.
Montana
editConsumers in Montana are limited to 18 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Nebraska
editConsumers in Nebraska are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Nevada
editConsumers in Nevada are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
New Hampshire
editConsumers in New Hampshire are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
New Jersey
editOnly small wineries that make less than 250,000 gallons of wine annually are allowed to ship up to 12 cases of wine per year to consumers in New Jersey.
New Mexico
editConsumers in New Mexico are limited to 2 cases per person shipped directly to them per month.
New York
editConsumers in New York are limited to 36 cases per person shipped directly to them annually.
North Carolina
editConsumers in North Carolina are limited to 2 cases per person shipped directly to them per month.
North Dakota
editConsumers in North Dakota are limited to 3 cases shipped directly per person per month.
Ohio
editOnly small wineries that make less than 250,000 gallons of wine annually are allowed to ship up to 24 cases of wine per year to consumers in Ohio.
Oklahoma
editConsumers in Oklahoma are limited to 6 cases per person shipped directly to them annually.
Oregon
editConsumers in Oregon are limited to 2 cases shipped directly per person per month.
Pennsylvania
editConsumers in Pennsylvania are limited to 36 cases per person shipped directly to them annually by a wine producer licensed by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board as a direct wine shipper.
Rhode Island
editDirect shipment of wine is prohibited in Rhode Island for off-site sales; consumers may place on-site orders for shipment at wineries.
South Carolina
editConsumers in South Carolina are limited to 2 cases per person shipped directly to them per month.
South Dakota
editConsumers in South Dakota are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Tennessee
editWineries may ship no more than one case per month, nor three per year, directly to an individual consumer in Tennessee.
Texas
editConsumers in Texas are limited to nine gallons monthly and no more than 36 gallons annually shipped directly per person.
Utah
editDirect shipment of wine to consumers in Utah is prohibited and classified as a felony. Adult residents returning from a foreign country are permitted to bring no more than one quart of wine with them. Individuals moving to the state are not limited to the amount of wine they may bring, as long as the taxes have been paid and cleared by the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control.[7]
Vermont
editConsumers in Vermont are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Virginia
editConsumers in Virginia are limited to 2 cases shipped directly to them per month.
Washington
editDirect shipment of wine to consumers in Washington is allowed.
West Virginia
editConsumers in West Virginia are limited to 2 cases per person shipped directly to them per month, but wine may not be delivered in dry areas.
Wisconsin
editConsumers in Wisconsin are limited to 12 cases shipped directly to them annually.
Wyoming
editConsumers in Wyoming are limited to 4 cases shipped directly to them in any 12-month period.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "U.S. Wine-Shipping Laws, State by State". Wine Spectator. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ "Off-Site Direct Shipping Summary". Wine Institute. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ "State Shipping Laws: Kentucky". The Wine Institute. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ Summary of FWC v. Jenkins in Massachusetts with additional links.
- ^ "Massachusetts Section 162". Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ "Direct Wine Shipping No Longer Bottled Up in the Bay State". Boston Magazine. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ "State Shipping Laws: Utah". The Wine Institute. Retrieved 18 September 2011.