Xamoterol, sold under the brand names Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, and Xamtol among others, is a cardiac stimulant which is used in the treatment of heart failure.[2] It acts as a selective partial agonist of the β1-adrenergic receptor with around 50% intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (i.e., intrinsic activity).[1][3][4][2] The drug has no significant β2-adrenergic receptor agonistic activity.[5] Xamoterol provides cardiac stimulation at rest but acts as a blocker during exercise.[6] It is taken by mouth.[1]
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| Trade names | Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, Xamtol |
| Routes of administration | By mouth[1] |
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| Bioavailability | Oral: 5%[1] |
| Elimination half-life | 16–27 hours[1] |
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| Formula | C16H25N3O5 |
| Molar mass | 339.392 g·mol−1 |
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Xamoterol is not available in the United States.[7][8] It is marketed in the United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, and Luxembourg.[8]
Xamoterol is a hydrophilic compound with a predicted log P of -0.31 to -1.11.[9][10][11][12] Due to its hydrophilicity, xamoterol does not cross the blood–brain barrier and has no central nervous system effects.[12] Hence, it is a peripherally selective drug.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Furlong R, Brogden RN (October 1988). "Xamoterol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use". Drugs. 36 (4): 455–474. doi:10.2165/00003495-198836040-00004. PMID 2906865.
- ^ a b Marlow HF (1989). "Xamoterol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist: review of the clinical efficacy in heart failure". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 28 (Suppl 1): 23S–30S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03570.x. PMC 1379873. PMID 2572251.
- ^ Campbell RW (1989). "The management of heart failure and the scope for new therapies: what role for xamoterol?". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 28 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 59S–64S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03574.x. PMC 1379877. PMID 2572256.
- ^ Cruickshank JM (March 1993). "The xamoterol experience in the treatment of heart failure". Am J Cardiol. 71 (9): 61C–64C. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90088-t. PMID 8465800.
- ^ "Xamoterol: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (1999). Pharmacology (5th ed.). Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone. p. 163. ISBN 0443059748.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Index nominum. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 1099. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "Xamoterol". PubChem. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Xamoterol: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Xamoterol [USAN:BAN:INN]". ChemSpider. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Vigholt-Sørensen E, Faergeman O, Snow HM (November 1989). "Effects of xamoterol, a beta 1 adrenoceptor partial agonist, in patients with ischaemic dysfunction of the left ventricle". Br Heart J. 62 (5): 335–341. doi:10.1136/hrt.62.5.335. PMC 1224831. PMID 2574049.
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