برج

See also: ترخ, ترح, and ترج

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burd͡ʒ/

Nomen

بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʔabrāj))

1. castle
2. citadel
3. tower

   بُرْج خَلِيفَة ― burj ḵalīfa ― Burj Khalifa (literally, “Khalifa Tower”)

4. constellation
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:61:

     تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا

     tabāraka allaḏī jaʕala fī s-samāʔi burūjan wajaʕala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīran

     Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.

5. spire
6. asterism
7. zodiac
8. sign of the zodiac

Declension

Declension of noun بُرْج (burj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْج burj	الْبُرْج al-burj	بُرْج burj
Nominative	بُرْجٌ burjun	الْبُرْجُ al-burju	بُرْجُ burju
Accusative	بُرْجًا burjan	الْبُرْجَ al-burja	بُرْجَ burja
Genitive	بُرْجٍ burjin	الْبُرْجِ al-burji	بُرْجِ burji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْجَيْن burjayn	الْبُرْجَيْن al-burjayn	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Nominative	بُرْجَانِ burjāni	الْبُرْجَانِ al-burjāni	بُرْجَا burjā
Accusative	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Genitive	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj	الْبُرُوج‎; الْأَبْرَاج al-burūj‎; al-ʔabrāj	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj
Nominative	بُرُوجٌ‎; أَبْرَاجٌ burūjun‎; ʔabrājun	الْبُرُوجُ‎; الْأَبْرَاجُ al-burūju‎; al-ʔabrāju	بُرُوجُ‎; أَبْرَاجُ burūju‎; ʔabrāju
Accusative	بُرُوجًا‎; أَبْرَاجًا burūjan‎; ʔabrājan	الْبُرُوجَ‎; الْأَبْرَاجَ al-burūja‎; al-ʔabrāja	بُرُوجَ‎; أَبْرَاجَ burūja‎; ʔabrāja
Genitive	بُرُوجٍ‎; أَبْرَاجٍ burūjin‎; ʔabrājin	الْبُرُوجِ‎; الْأَبْرَاجِ al-burūji‎; al-ʔabrāji	بُرُوجِ‎; أَبْرَاجِ burūji‎; ʔabrāji

Synonyms

• حِصْن (ḥiṣn)
• قَلْعَة (qalʕa), قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
• مَعْقِل (maʕqil)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج
• → Bengali: বুরুজ (buruj)
• Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
• Gujarati: બુરજ (buraj)
• Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
• Northern Kurdish: birc, برج (birc)
• Malay: buruj
• Maltese: borġ
• Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
• Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
  • Turkish: burç, burc
• Persian: برج (borj)
• Punjabi: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj) / برج (burj)
• Rajasthani: बुरज (burj)
• Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
• Urdu: برج (burj)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/

Verb

بَرِجَ • (barija) I, non-past يَبْرَجُ‎ (yabraju)

1. to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
2. to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
3. (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking

Conjugation

Conjugation of

بَرِجَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun بَرَج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بَرَج baraj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَارِج bārij
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَرِجْتُ barijtu	بَرِجْتَ barijta	بَرِجَ barija		بَرِجْتُمَا barijtumā	بَرِجَا barijā		بَرِجْنَا barijnā	بَرِجْتُمْ barijtum	بَرِجُوا barijū
	f		بَرِجْتِ barijti	بَرِجَتْ barijat			بَرِجَتَا barijatā			بَرِجْتُنَّ barijtunna	بَرِجْنَ barijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبْرَجُ ʔabraju	تَبْرَجُ tabraju	يَبْرَجُ yabraju		تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni	يَبْرَجَانِ yabrajāni		نَبْرَجُ nabraju	تَبْرَجُونَ tabrajūna	يَبْرَجُونَ yabrajūna
	f		تَبْرَجِينَ tabrajīna	تَبْرَجُ tabraju			تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبْرَجَ ʔabraja	تَبْرَجَ tabraja	يَبْرَجَ yabraja		تَبْرَجَا tabrajā	يَبْرَجَا yabrajā		نَبْرَجَ nabraja	تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū	يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū
	f		تَبْرَجِي tabrajī	تَبْرَجَ tabraja			تَبْرَجَا tabrajā			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبْرَجْ ʔabraj	تَبْرَجْ tabraj	يَبْرَجْ yabraj		تَبْرَجَا tabrajā	يَبْرَجَا yabrajā		نَبْرَجْ nabraj	تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū	يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū
	f		تَبْرَجِي tabrajī	تَبْرَجْ tabraj			تَبْرَجَا tabrajā			تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna	يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِبْرَجْ ibraj			اِبْرَجَا ibrajā				اِبْرَجُوا ibrajū
	f		اِبْرَجِي ibrajī							اِبْرَجْنَ ibrajna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.rad͡ʒ/

Nomen

بَرَج • (baraj) m

1. verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun بَرَج (baraj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرَج baraj	الْبَرَج al-baraj	بَرَج baraj
Nominative	بَرَجٌ barajun	الْبَرَجُ al-baraju	بَرَجُ baraju
Accusative	بَرَجًا barajan	الْبَرَجَ al-baraja	بَرَجَ baraja
Genitive	بَرَجٍ barajin	الْبَرَجِ al-baraji	بَرَجِ baraji

References

• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “برج”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 118
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “برج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 64b
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “برج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “برج”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 105–106
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 180
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 63

Azerbaijani

Nomen

برج (bürc)

1. Alternative spelling of بۆرج

Central Kurdish

Alternative forms

• بورج (burc)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Nomen

بِرج (birc)

1. tower
2. zodiac

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Nomen

برج • (burc) (plural بروج or ابراج)

1. tower of a castle, bastion

   Synonym: قله (kulle)

2. (astronomy) constellation of the zodiac
3. (astrology) zodiac sign

Descendants

• Turkish: burç

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “burç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 700
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “برج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 260
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Moenia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1066
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 755
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “burç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “برج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 353

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian برج.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brad͡ʒ/

Nomen

برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))

1. tower

Declension

declension of برج

	singular		plural
direct	برج (braj)		برجونه (brajuna)
oblique	برج (braj)		برجونو (brajuno)
vocative	برجه (braja)		برجونو (brajuno)

Persian

Etymology

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [buɾd͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊɾd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊɾd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊɾd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [buɾd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [boɹd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [buɾd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	burj
Dari reading?	burj
Iranian reading?	borj
Tajik reading?	burj

Nomen

برج • (borj) (plural برج‌ها (borj-hâ) or بروج)

Dari	برج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бурҷ

1. steeple
2. tower

   برج آزادی

   borj-e âzâdi

   Azadi Tower

3. pylon
4. column
5. peel, keep
6. fort, castle
7. pinnacle
8. dovecote
9. star
10. constellation
11. zodiac
12. sign of the zodiac

Derived terms

• برجی (borji)

Descendants

• → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Nomen

بُرج • (burj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੁਰਜ)

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ب ر ج
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic بُرْج (burj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burʒ/, [bʊrʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Nomen

برج • (burj) m (plural أبراج (ʔabrāj))

1. tower
2. zodiac sign

See also

Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj)
الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”)	التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”)	الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”)	السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”)
الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”)	العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”)	الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”)	العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)
القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”)	الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”)	الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”)	الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /bʊɾd͡ʒ/
• Rhymes: -ʊɾd͡ʒ

Nomen

برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac