慘
See also: 惨
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Translingual
editHan character
edit慘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition ⿰忄參)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
- Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6158
Chinese
edittrad. | 慘 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 惨 | |
alternative forms | 惨 憯 𢠊 𢡖 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 慘 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
驂 | *sʰluːm |
傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
謲 | *sʰluːms |
毿 | *sluːm |
蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
糝 | *sluːmʔ |
槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
鬖 | *sloːm |
摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
縿 | *sroːm |
穇 | *sroːm |
嵾 | *sʰrum |
磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
曑 | *srum |
瘮 | *srumʔ |
滲 | *srums |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhám
- Northern Min (KCR): chǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chāng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
- Wade–Giles: tsʻan3
- Yale: tsǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
- Palladius: цань (canʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caam2
- Yale: cháam
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam2
- Guangdong Romanization: cam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
- Hakka Romanization System: camˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cam3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Standort | 慘 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sʰan²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡sʰan¹³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰan²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
Xining | /t͡sʰã⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡sʰan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰan⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /t͡sʰã̠⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰø⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡sʰø³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰɔ³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰan⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡sʰan⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰan²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰam³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑm³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
Hongkong | /t͡sʰam³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰaŋ³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sam²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tshomX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːmʔ/
Definitions
edit慘
- (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious
- (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy
- miserable; pitiful; wretched
- (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal
Synonyms
edit- (cruel):
- 兇惡/凶恶 (xiōng'è)
- 兇殘/凶残 (xiōngcán)
- 兇狠/凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
- 兇猛/凶猛 (xiōngměng)
- 兇險/凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
- 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
- 厲害/厉害 (lìhài)
- 嚴酷/严酷 (yánkù)
- 強暴/强暴 (qiángbào)
- 忍 (rěn) (literary)
- 惡勢/恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 惡毒/恶毒 (èdú)
- 惡狠狠/恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
- 暴力 (bàolì)
- 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
- 暴虐 (bàonüè)
- 暴躁 (bàozào)
- 橫逆/横逆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 殘/残 (cán) (literary,or in compounds)
- 殘忍/残忍 (cánrěn)
- 殘暴/残暴 (cánbào)
- 殘酷/残酷 (cánkù)
- 毒辣 (dúlà)
- 烏心/乌心 (Min Nan)
- 狠心 (hěnxīn)
- 狠毒 (hěndú)
- 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
- 猙獰/狰狞 (zhēngníng)
- 粗殘/粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 辣 (là)
- 酷烈 (kùliè)
- 野蠻/野蛮 (yěmán)
- 陰功/阴功 (jam1 gung1) (Cantonese)
- 險惡/险恶 (xiǎn'è)
- 黑心 (hēixīn)
- (severe):
- (miserable):
- 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
- 傷心/伤心 (shāngxīn)
- 傷悲/伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
- 傷感/伤感 (shānggǎn)
- 傷懷/伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
- 傷痛/伤痛 (shāngtòng)
- 傷神/伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
- 刺心 (cìxīn)
- 哀傷/哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀悽/哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀慟/哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 怛傷/怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
- 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
- 情傷/情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 悲傷/悲伤 (bēishāng)
- 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 悲悽/悲凄 (bēiqī)
- 悱惻/悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
- 悽惶/凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
- 悲愴/悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
- 悽愴/凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
- 悲慘/悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悲慟/悲恸 (bēitòng)
- 悲戚 (bēiqī)
- 悽戚/凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
- 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
- 悲涼/悲凉 (bēiliáng)
- 悲痛 (bēitòng)
- 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
- 感傷/感伤 (gǎnshāng)
- 愀愴/愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
- 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
- 惻然/恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
- 愴然/怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
- 憂傷/忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 慘悽/惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 憂愁/忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂戚/忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
- 慘淡/惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 憯懍/憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
- 懤懤/㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
- 沉痛 (chéntòng)
- 淒切/凄切 (qīqiè)
- 淒惻/凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
- 淒慘/凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒楚/凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 淒涼/凄凉 (qīliáng)
- 淒然/凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
- 痛心 (tòngxīn)
- 艱苦心/艰苦心 (Hokkien)
- 蒼涼/苍凉 (cāngliáng)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 難受/难受 (nánshòu)
- 難過/难过 (nánguò)
- 青凊 (Hokkien)
- 黯然 (ànrán)
- (gloomy):
Compounds
edit- 五三慘案/五三惨案 (Wǔ-Sān Cǎn'àn)
- 五卅慘案/五卅惨案 (Wǔ-Sà Cǎn'àn)
- 傷心慘目/伤心惨目
- 六四慘案/六四惨案 (Liù-Sì Cǎn'àn)
- 共慘黨/共惨党 (gòngcǎndǎng)
- 前景慘淡/前景惨淡
- 天倫之慘/天伦之惨
- 天愁地慘/天愁地惨
- 天昏地慘/天昏地惨
- 寒慘慘/寒惨惨
- 恓慘/恓惨
- 悽悽慘慘/凄凄惨惨
- 悲慘/悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悽慘/凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 愁紅慘綠/愁红惨绿
- 愁雲慘霧/愁云惨雾
- 慘不人道/惨不人道
- 慘不忍睹/惨不忍睹 (cǎnbùrěndǔ)
- 慘不忍聞/惨不忍闻
- 慘事/惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘兮兮/惨兮兮
- 慘切/惨切
- 慘劇/惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘厲/惨厉 (cǎnlì)
- 慘叫/惨叫 (cǎnjiào)
- 慘境/惨境 (cǎnjìng)
- 慘急/惨急
- 慘怛/惨怛 (cǎndá)
- 慘悽/惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 慘惻/惨恻
- 慘慄/惨栗
- 慘愴/惨怆
- 慘慘/惨惨
- 慘慼/惨戚
- 慘慘戚戚/惨惨戚戚
- 慘戚/惨戚
- 慘敗/惨败 (cǎnbài)
- 慘景/惨景 (cǎnjǐng)
- 慘案/惨案 (cǎn'àn)
- 慘死/惨死 (cǎnsǐ)
- 慘毒/惨毒 (cǎndú)
- 慘淡/惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 慘澹/惨澹 (cǎndàn)
- 慘澹經營/惨澹经营
- 慘烈/惨烈 (cǎnliè)
- 慘然/惨然 (cǎnrán)
- 慘然不樂/惨然不乐
- 慘無人道/惨无人道 (cǎnwúréndào)
- 慘狀/惨状 (cǎnzhuàng)
- 慘痛/惨痛 (cǎntòng)
- 慘白/惨白 (cǎnbái)
- 慘相/惨相
- 慘礉/惨礉
- 慘禍/惨祸 (cǎnhuò)
- 慘笑/惨笑 (cǎnxiào)
- 慘絕人寰/惨绝人寰 (cǎnjuérénhuán)
- 慘綠/惨绿
- 慘綠少年/惨绿少年
- 慘綠愁紅/惨绿愁红
- 慘腹/惨腹
- 慘變/惨变 (cǎnbiàn)
- 慘象/惨象 (cǎnxiàng)
- 慘遭/惨遭 (cǎnzāo)
- 慘酷/惨酷 (cǎnkù)
- 慘重/惨重 (cǎnzhòng)
- 打慘/打惨
- 昏慘慘/昏惨惨
- 梏慘/梏惨
- 沙基慘案/沙基惨案 (Shājī Cǎn'àn)
- 淒慘/凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒淒慘慘/凄凄惨惨
- 濟南慘案/济南惨案 (Jǐnán Cǎn'àn)
- 疾痛慘怛/疾痛惨怛
- 紅愁綠慘/红愁绿惨
- 累慘/累惨
- 綠慘紅愁/绿惨红愁
- 綠慘雙蛾/绿惨双蛾
- 黯慘/黯惨
Japanese
edit惨 | |
慘 |
Kanji
edit慘
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惨)
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
edit慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit慘: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, thom, thỏm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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