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{{Short description|American politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder| name =William Lafayette Strong | image =William L. Strong.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = March 22, 1827 | birth_place =[[Richland County, Ohio]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1900|11|2|1827|3|22}} | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place =[[Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx|Woodlawn Cemetery]] | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | party =[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = |order =90th | office =Mayor of New York City | term_start =1895 | term_end =1897 | appointed = | predecessor =[[Thomas Francis Gilroy]] | successor =[[Robert Anderson Van Wyck]] }}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = William Lafayette Strong
| image = William L. Strong.jpg
⚫
| caption =
⚫
| order = 90th
⚫
| office = Mayor of New York City
| term_start = January 1, 1895
| term_end = December 31, 1897
⚫
| appointed =
| predecessor = [[Thomas Francis Gilroy]]
| successor = [[Robert Anderson Van Wyck]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1827|03|22}}
| birth_place = [[Richland County, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1900|11|2|1827|3|22}}
| death_place =
⚫
| resting_place = [[Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx|Woodlawn Cemetery]]
⚫
| residence =
| education = [[Vermillion Institute]]
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| parents = Abel Strong<br />Hannah Burdine Strong
| spouse = {{marriage|Mary Urania Aborn|1866}}
⚫
| partner =
| children = 2
| relatives =
| nationality = American
⚫
}}


'''William Lafayette Strong''' (March 22, 1827 – November 2, 1900) was the 90th [[Mayor of New York City]] from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of [[New York City]] before the Consolidation of the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898.<ref name=Caliendo>{{cite book|last1=Caliendo|first1=Ralph J.|title=New York City Mayors Part I: The Mayors of New York Before 1898|date=2010|publisher=Xlibris|isbn=978-1-4500-8814-5|pages=380–393|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNe7Sph7lJ8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=caliendo+ralph+j.+mayor&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB_Z_xypDKAhUJWz4KHSdWBJUQ6wEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=caliendo%20ralph%20j.%20mayor&f=false|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref>
'''William Lafayette Strong''' (March 22, 1827 – November 2, 1900) was the 90th [[Mayor of New York City]] from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of [[New York City]] before the [[City of Greater New York|consolidation of the City of Greater New York]] on January 1, 1898.<ref name=Caliendo>{{cite book|last1=Caliendo|first1=Ralph J.|title=New York City Mayors Part I: The Mayors of New York Before 1898|date=2010|publisher=Xlibris|isbn=978-1-4500-8814-5|pages=380–393|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNe7Sph7lJ8C&q=caliendo+ralph+j.+mayor|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=January 2018}}


==Biography==
==Early life==
⚫
Strong was born on March 22, 1827, near [[Loudonville, Ohio|Loudonville]], [[Ohio]], in [[Ashland County, Ohio|Ashland County]]. He was the son of Abel Strong, a farmer born in 1792 in [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]]. His mother, Hannah Burdine Strong was born in 1798, and was from [[Pennsylvania]]. Strong was the oldest of five children, and despite only a rudimentary rural education, became a clerk in a [[Wooster, Ohio|Wooster]] dry goods store to help support his family after the death of his father in 1840.<ref name=Caliendo /><ref>{{cite book|last=Dwight|first=Benjamin W.|title=The History of the Descendants of Elder John Strong, of Northampton Massachusetts|year=1871|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092508682}}</ref>
===Early life===


Strong later attended the [[Vermillion Institute]] in [[Hayesville, Ohio|Hayesville]], Ohio.<ref name=Caliendo />
⚫
Strong was born near [[Loudonville, Ohio|Loudonville]] [[Ohio]], in [[Ashland County, Ohio|Ashland County]]. He was the son of Abel Strong, a farmer born in 1792 in [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]]. His mother, Hannah Burdine Strong was born in 1798, and was from [[Pennsylvania]]. Strong was the oldest of five children, and despite only a rudimentary rural education, became a clerk in a [[Wooster, Ohio|Wooster]] dry goods store to help support his family after the death of his father in 1840. Strong later attended the [[Vermillion Institute]] in [[Hayesville, Ohio|Hayesville]], Ohio.<ref name=Caliendo />


===Early career===
==Career==
In 1853, Strong moved to New York City, where he worked at the L.O. Wilson and Company dry goods firm. In the [[Panic of 1857]], the business failed and Strong moved on to work for Farnham, Dale, and Company.


In 1853, Strong moved to New York City where he worked at the L.O. Wilson and Company dry goods firm. In the [[Panic of 1857]], the business failed and Strong moved on to work for Farnham, Dale, and Company. In 1866, Strong married Mary Aborn from New Jersey, with whom he had two children - Putnam Bradlee Strong and Mary Strong. By 1870, he had his own dry goods company, called William L. Strong and Company. It was very successful, opening branches in many cities and eventually making Strong a millionaire. In 1890, Strong became president of the First National Bank.<ref name=Caliendo /><ref name=Holli>{{cite book|last1=Holli|first1=Melvin G.|last2=d'Alroy Jones|first2=Peter|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980: Big City Mayors|date=1991|publisher=Greenwood Press|location =Westport, Conn.|isbn=9780313211348|page=349}}</ref>
By 1870, he had his own dry goods company, called William L. Strong and Company. It was very successful, opening branches in many cities and eventually making Strong a millionaire. In 1890, Strong became president of the First National Bank.<ref name=Caliendo /><ref name=Holli>{{cite book|last1=Holli|first1=Melvin G.|last2=d'Alroy Jones|first2=Peter|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980: Big City Mayors|date=1991|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=9780313211348|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1/page/349 349]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1/page/349}}</ref>


Strong was also president of the Central National Bank, president of the [[Homer Lee Bank Note Company]], Vice President of the [[New York Security and Trust Company]] and director for the [[Erie Railroad]] and the [[Plaza Bank]].<ref name=Caliendo /><ref>{{cite news|title=Sketches Of The Nominees - Careers of the Men Who May Lead the Anti-Tammanyites|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/10/06/106836144.html?pageNumber=2|accessdate=4 January 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=October 6, 1894|page=2}}</ref>
Strong was also president of the Central National Bank, president of the [[Homer Lee Bank Note Company]], Vice President of the [[New York Security and Trust Company]] and director for the [[Erie Railroad]] and the [[Plaza Bank]].<ref name=Caliendo /><ref>{{cite news|title=Sketches Of The Nominees - Careers of the Men Who May Lead the Anti-Tammanyites|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/10/06/106836144.html|access-date=4 January 2016|work=New York Times|date=October 6, 1894|page=2}}</ref>


===Political career===
===Political career===
⚫
In the 1880s, Strong became active in politics. He ran for [[U.S. Congress]] in 1882 but was unsuccessful.<ref name=Holli />


⚫
Strong, a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], was elected on a [[Fusion Party]] ticket by Republican and anti-[[Tammany Hall]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]].<ref name="1895Office">{{cite news |title=MAYOR STRONG IN OFFICE; The City Government Transferred by Mayor Gilroy. GREETED BY MEN OF MANY PARTIES City Hall Crowded with Well-Wishers of the Reform Administration -- The Ceremonies Simple. COMPLIMENTS FOR HIS PREDECESSOR Mr. Strong's Admiration for Mr. Gilroy's Talent as an Executive -- Calls from ex-Mayors Hewitt and Grace. MAYOR STRONG IN OFFICE |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/02/106056576.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 January 1895}}</ref> Strong served as mayor of New York from January 1, 1895, to December 31, 1897, gaining an extra year on his term because of the impending consolidation of New York City, which moved elections to odd-numbered years. He won by a decisive majority of more than 42,000 votes and was joined in victory by [[John W. Goff]], the Republican candidate for city recorder and a new Republican majority for the [[New York City Council|New York City Board of Aldermen]].<ref>"Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' vol. 10, no. 3, whole no. 239 (Nov. 17, 1894), pp. 3–5.</ref>
⚫
In the 1880s, Strong became active in politics. He ran for [[U.S. Congress]] in 1882, but was unsuccessful.<ref name=Holli />


⚫
Strong's victory was optimistically hailed by the New York press as representative of an epic defeat of Tammany Hall's "fraud, chicane, trickery, double-dealing and contempt for the moral sense of the community"<ref>''New York Evening Post,'' quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' pg. 4.</ref> and the new mayor cast as standard-bearer of "a revolution that closes a dark and opens a bright era in the municipal affairs of New York."<ref>''New York Herald,'' quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' pg. 4.</ref>
⚫
===Mayor of New York City===

⚫
Strong, a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], was elected on a [[Fusion Party]] ticket by Republican and anti-[[Tammany]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]. Strong served as mayor of New York from January 1, 1895 to December 31, 1897, gaining an extra year on his term because of the impending consolidation of New York City and moving elections to odd-numbered years. He won election by an impressive majority of over 42,000 votes and was joined in victory by John W. Goff, the Republican candidate for city recorder and a majority of the [[New York City Council|New York City Board of Aldermen]].<ref>"Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' vol. 10, no. 3, whole no. 239 (Nov. 17, 1894), pp. 3-5.</ref>

⚫
Strong's victory was optimistically hailed by the New York press as representative of a epic defeat of Tammany's "fraud, chicane, trickery, double-dealing and contempt for the moral sense of the community"<ref>''New York Evening Post,'' quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' pg. 4.</ref> and the new mayor cast as standard-bearer of "a revolution that closes a dark and opens a bright era in the municipal affairs of New York."<ref>''New York Herald,'' quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," ''Literary Digest,'' pg. 4.</ref>


The reform-minded Strong established the New York City Board of Education, created small parks, and is credited as the "father" of the city's Department of Correction. The Department of Public Charities and Correction had been split by Governor [[Levi Morton]] in 1894 into two departments. Strong appointed former U.S. Civil Service Commissioner [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as [[New York City Police Commissioner|Police Commissioner]]. Roosevelt was noted for fighting corruption and making the police department more professional.
The reform-minded Strong established the New York City Board of Education, created small parks, and is credited as the "father" of the city's Department of Correction. The Department of Public Charities and Correction had been split by Governor [[Levi Morton]] in 1894 into two departments. Strong appointed former U.S. Civil Service Commissioner [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as [[New York City Police Commissioner|Police Commissioner]]. Roosevelt was noted for fighting corruption and making the police department more professional.


Strong's leadership help pass the School Reform Law in 1896.<ref>{{cite web|title=Know Your Mayors: William Lafayette Strong (published September 9, 2008)|url=http://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2008/09/democrats-and-republicans-in-this-years.html|website=boweryboyshistory.com|publisher=The Bowery Boys|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref> In the late 1890s, [[New York State]] legislators passed a law mandating bath houses for cities with more than 50,000 people. Strong agreed with the law's necessity due to sanitation issues caused by overcrowding. The city's bath houses, originally built for cleanliness and bathing, were later used for recreation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taking The Plunge: Pools of New York City (published August 31,2011)|url=http://blog.nyhistory.org/taking-the-plunge/|website=nyhistory.org|publisher=New-York Historical Society|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref>
Strong's leadership help pass the School Reform Law in 1896.<ref>{{cite web|title=Know Your Mayors: William Lafayette Strong (published September 9, 2008)|url=http://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2008/09/democrats-and-republicans-in-this-years.html|website=boweryboyshistory.com|date=9 September 2008 |publisher=The Bowery Boys|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> In the late 1890s, [[New York State]] legislators passed a law mandating bath houses for cities with more than 50,000 people. Strong agreed with the law's necessity due to sanitation issues caused by overcrowding. The city's bath houses, originally built for cleanliness and bathing, were later used for recreation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taking The Plunge: Pools of New York City (published August 31,2011)|url=http://blog.nyhistory.org/taking-the-plunge/|website=nyhistory.org|publisher=New-York Historical Society|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>


===Death and legacy===
==Personal life==
In 1866, Strong married Mary Urania Aborn (1843–1921), the daughter of Robert W. Aborn of New Jersey.<ref name="MAS1921Obit">{{cite news |title=Mrs. Mary Aborn Strong |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/07/28/107021239.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 July 1921}}</ref> Together, Mary and William were the parents of two children:


[[File:Putnam Bradlee Strong in uniform.jpg|thumb|Putnam Bradlee Strong]]
⚫
Strong died in his home on November 2, 1900. After complaining of not feeling well, he retired to his room. During the night, he worsened very quickly, and he died early that morning, leaving behind a wife and two adult children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Mayor Strong Has Passed Away - Sinks Quietly Into His Last Sleep at His Home - All His Family About Him - President, Governor, Friends, and Fellow-Merchants Testify to His Public Services and Example|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/11/03/102638085.html?pageNumber=14|accessdate=4 January 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=November 3, 1900|page=14}}</ref>
* Mary Aborn Strong (1868–1935), who married Albert Richardson Shattuck (1854–1924), a wealthy banker from Ohio, in 1889.<ref name="MrsShattuck1935">{{cite news |title=MRS. A. R. SHATTUK IS DEAD IN LENOX; Daughter of the Late Mayor W. L. Strong of New York Stricken on Estate. ROBBED BY BANDITS IN 1922 Imprisoned With Husband and 8 Servants While Thieves TookI$80,000 in Jewels. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/03/02/archives/mrs-a-r-shattockis-dead-in-lenox-daughter-of-the-late-mayorw-l.html |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 March 1935}}</ref>
* Putnam Bradlee Strong (1875–1945),<ref name="PBSObit1945">{{cite news |title=Putnam B. Strong, Son of Ex-Mayor, 70 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1945/11/17/88312827.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 November 1945}}</ref> who married actress [[May Yohé]], the former wife of [[Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle|Lord Francis Hope]] (later the [[Duke of Newcastle]]).<ref name="1936Claim">{{cite news |title=MAY YOHE'S EX-MATE DENIES ACTOR'S CLAIM; Putnam B. Strong Testifies at Hearing He and Actress Never Had a Son. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/12/04/88716244.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 December 1936}}</ref>


⚫
Strong died in his home on November 2, 1900. After complaining of not feeling well, he retired to his room. During the night, he worsened very quickly, and he died early that morning, leaving behind a wife and two adult children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Mayor Strong Has Passed Away - Sinks Quietly Into His Last Sleep at His Home - All His Family About Him - President, Governor, Friends, and Fellow-Merchants Testify to His Public Services and Example|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/11/03/102638085.pdf |access-date=4 January 2016|work=New York Times|date=November 3, 1900|page=14}}</ref><ref name="eagle">(2 Nov. 1900). [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/50361438/ Former Mayor Strong Dies Very Suddenly], ''[[Brooklyn Eagle]]'', p. 1, col. 3</ref> He was interred at [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in the borough of [[The Bronx]] in New York City.<ref name="WLS1900">{{cite news |title=William L. Strong. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/11/03/102637961.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 November 1900}}</ref> His widow died of heart disease at [[The Mount (Lenox, Massachusetts)|The Mount]], their daughter's residence in [[Lenox, Massachusetts]] (and the former home of author [[Edith Wharton]]), in July 1921.<ref name="MAS1921Obit"/>
⚫
He was interred at [[Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in the [[Bronx]].


==Legacy==
The [[Fire Department of New York]] operated a [[fireboat]] named [[William L. Strong (fireboat)|''William L. Strong'']] from 1898 to 1945.<ref name=Marine1FdnyHistory>
The [[Fire Department of New York]] operated a [[fireboat]] named [[William L. Strong (fireboat)|''William L. Strong'']] from 1898 to 1945.<ref name=Marine1FdnyHistory>{{cite web|url= http://marine1fdny.com/fireboat_history_new.php |title= Fireboats Through The Years| author = Clarence E. Meek |date= July 1954| access-date= 2015-06-28}}</ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://marine1fdny.com/fireboat_history_new.php
| title = Fireboats Through The Years
| publisher =
| author = Clarence E. Meek
⚫
| date = July 1954
⚫
| page =
⚫
| location =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| accessdate = 2015-06-28
⚫
| deadurl = No
⚫
| quote =
⚫
}}
</ref>


==References==
==References==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{find a Grave|7643093}}
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A02E2D91339E033A25751C0A9679C94649ED7CF New York Times article, January 2, 1895, on Strong's inauguration]


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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[[Category:1827 births]]
[[Category:1827 births]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)]]
[[Category:Mayors of New York City]]
[[Category:Mayors of New York City]]
[[Category:People from Loudonville, Ohio]]
[[Category:People from Loudonville, Ohio]]
[[Category:New York Republicans]]
[[Category:New York (state) Republicans]]
[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]

Latest revision as of 03:11, 10 July 2024

William Lafayette Strong
90th Mayor of New York City
In office
January 1, 1895 – December 31, 1897
Preceded byThomas Francis Gilroy
Succeeded byRobert Anderson Van Wyck
Personal details
Born(1827-03-22)March 22, 1827
Richland County, Ohio, U.S.
DiedNovember 2, 1900(1900-11-02) (aged 73)
Resting placeWoodlawn Cemetery
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Mary Urania Aborn
​
(m. 1866)​
Children2
Parent(s)Abel Strong
Hannah Burdine Strong
BildungVermillion Institute

William Lafayette Strong (March 22, 1827 – November 2, 1900) was the 90th Mayor of New York City from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of New York City before the consolidation of the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898.[1][self-published source]

Early life

[edit]

Strong was born on March 22, 1827, near Loudonville, Ohio, in Ashland County. He was the son of Abel Strong, a farmer born in 1792 in Hartford, Connecticut. His mother, Hannah Burdine Strong was born in 1798, and was from Pennsylvania. Strong was the oldest of five children, and despite only a rudimentary rural education, became a clerk in a Wooster dry goods store to help support his family after the death of his father in 1840.[1][2]

Strong later attended the Vermillion Institute in Hayesville, Ohio.[1]

Career

[edit]

In 1853, Strong moved to New York City, where he worked at the L.O. Wilson and Company dry goods firm. In the Panic of 1857, the business failed and Strong moved on to work for Farnham, Dale, and Company.

By 1870, he had his own dry goods company, called William L. Strong and Company. It was very successful, opening branches in many cities and eventually making Strong a millionaire. In 1890, Strong became president of the First National Bank.[1][3]

Strong was also president of the Central National Bank, president of the Homer Lee Bank Note Company, Vice President of the New York Security and Trust Company and director for the Erie Railroad and the Plaza Bank.[1][4]

Political career

[edit]

In the 1880s, Strong became active in politics. He ran for U.S. Congress in 1882 but was unsuccessful.[3]

Strong, a Republican, was elected on a Fusion Party ticket by Republican and anti-Tammany Hall Democrats.[5] Strong served as mayor of New York from January 1, 1895, to December 31, 1897, gaining an extra year on his term because of the impending consolidation of New York City, which moved elections to odd-numbered years. He won by a decisive majority of more than 42,000 votes and was joined in victory by John W. Goff, the Republican candidate for city recorder and a new Republican majority for the New York City Board of Aldermen.[6]

Strong's victory was optimistically hailed by the New York press as representative of an epic defeat of Tammany Hall's "fraud, chicane, trickery, double-dealing and contempt for the moral sense of the community"[7] and the new mayor cast as standard-bearer of "a revolution that closes a dark and opens a bright era in the municipal affairs of New York."[8]

The reform-minded Strong established the New York City Board of Education, created small parks, and is credited as the "father" of the city's Department of Correction. The Department of Public Charities and Correction had been split by Governor Levi Morton in 1894 into two departments. Strong appointed former U.S. Civil Service Commissioner Theodore Roosevelt as Police Commissioner. Roosevelt was noted for fighting corruption and making the police department more professional.

Strong's leadership help pass the School Reform Law in 1896.[9] In the late 1890s, New York State legislators passed a law mandating bath houses for cities with more than 50,000 people. Strong agreed with the law's necessity due to sanitation issues caused by overcrowding. The city's bath houses, originally built for cleanliness and bathing, were later used for recreation.[10]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1866, Strong married Mary Urania Aborn (1843–1921), the daughter of Robert W. Aborn of New Jersey.[11] Together, Mary and William were the parents of two children:

Putnam Bradlee Strong

Strong died in his home on November 2, 1900. After complaining of not feeling well, he retired to his room. During the night, he worsened very quickly, and he died early that morning, leaving behind a wife and two adult children.[15][16] He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the borough of The Bronx in New York City.[17] His widow died of heart disease at The Mount, their daughter's residence in Lenox, Massachusetts (and the former home of author Edith Wharton), in July 1921.[11]

Legacy

[edit]

The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named William L. Strong from 1898 to 1945.[18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Caliendo, Ralph J. (2010). New York City Mayors Part I: The Mayors of New York Before 1898. Xlibris. pp. 380–393. ISBN 978-1-4500-8814-5. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  2. ^ Dwight, Benjamin W. (1871). The History of the Descendants of Elder John Strong, of Northampton Massachusetts.
  3. ^ a b Holli, Melvin G.; d'Alroy Jones, Peter (1991). Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980: Big City Mayors. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 349. ISBN 9780313211348.
  4. ^ "Sketches Of The Nominees - Careers of the Men Who May Lead the Anti-Tammanyites". New York Times. October 6, 1894. p. 2. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  5. ^ "MAYOR STRONG IN OFFICE; The City Government Transferred by Mayor Gilroy. GREETED BY MEN OF MANY PARTIES City Hall Crowded with Well-Wishers of the Reform Administration -- The Ceremonies Simple. COMPLIMENTS FOR HIS PREDECESSOR Mr. Strong's Admiration for Mr. Gilroy's Talent as an Executive -- Calls from ex-Mayors Hewitt and Grace. MAYOR STRONG IN OFFICE" (PDF). The New York Times. 2 January 1895. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Downfall of Tammany Hall," Literary Digest, vol. 10, no. 3, whole no. 239 (Nov. 17, 1894), pp. 3–5.
  7. ^ New York Evening Post, quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," Literary Digest, pg. 4.
  8. ^ New York Herald, quoted in "Downfall of Tammany Hall," Literary Digest, pg. 4.
  9. ^ "Know Your Mayors: William Lafayette Strong (published September 9, 2008)". boweryboyshistory.com. The Bowery Boys. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  10. ^ "Taking The Plunge: Pools of New York City (published August 31,2011)". nyhistory.org. New-York Historical Society. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  11. ^ a b "Mrs. Mary Aborn Strong" (PDF). The New York Times. 28 July 1921. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  12. ^ "MRS. A. R. SHATTUK IS DEAD IN LENOX; Daughter of the Late Mayor W. L. Strong of New York Stricken on Estate. ROBBED BY BANDITS IN 1922 Imprisoned With Husband and 8 Servants While Thieves TookI$80,000 in Jewels". The New York Times. 2 March 1935. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  13. ^ "Putnam B. Strong, Son of Ex-Mayor, 70" (PDF). The New York Times. 17 November 1945. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  14. ^ "MAY YOHE'S EX-MATE DENIES ACTOR'S CLAIM; Putnam B. Strong Testifies at Hearing He and Actress Never Had a Son" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 December 1936. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  15. ^ "Ex-Mayor Strong Has Passed Away - Sinks Quietly Into His Last Sleep at His Home - All His Family About Him - President, Governor, Friends, and Fellow-Merchants Testify to His Public Services and Example" (PDF). New York Times. November 3, 1900. p. 14. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  16. ^ (2 Nov. 1900). Former Mayor Strong Dies Very Suddenly, Brooklyn Eagle, p. 1, col. 3
  17. ^ "William L. Strong" (PDF). The New York Times. 3 November 1900. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  18. ^ Clarence E. Meek (July 1954). "Fireboats Through The Years". Retrieved 2015-06-28.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of New York City
1895–1897 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Lafayette_Strong&oldid=1233630954"