Jump to content

Tiki Formation: Difference between revisions

Edit links
Coordinates: 23°54′N 81°24′E / 23.9°N 81.4°E / 23.9; 81.4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Slycemyron (talk | contribs)
346 edits
No edit summary
OAbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
430,454 edits
m Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot.
 
(25 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
| caption =
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age =
| age = {{fossil range|Carnian|Norian|[[Carnian]]-[[Norian]]}}
| period = Carnian
| period = Norian
| prilithology =
| prilithology = [[Mudstone]]
| otherlithology =
| otherlithology = [[Claystone]], [[sandstone]]
| namedfor =
| namedfor = Tiki village
| namedby =
| namedby =
| region =
| region = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country =
| country = {{Flag|India}}
| coordinates =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.9|N|81.4|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|42.6|S|51.1|E|display=inline}}
| unitof =
| subunits =
| unitof = [[Gondwana Group]]
| underlies =
| subunits = Lower & Upper members
| overlies =
| underlies =
| thickness =
| overlies =
| extent =
| thickness =
| area =
| extent =
| map =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India#India Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption =
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India#India Madhya Pradesh
| lat_deg = 23.9
| lon_deg = 81.4
| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}
The '''Tiki Formation''' is a [[Late Triassic]] ([[Carnian]] to [[Norian]]) geologic [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], northern [[India]]. [[Dinosaur]] remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific [[genus]].<ref name="Dinosaurdistribution" /> [[Phytosaur]] remains attributable to the genus ''[[Volcanosuchus]]'' have also been found in the Tiki Formation.<ref name=Chatterjee1978>Chatterjee, 1978</ref>


The genera ''[[Tikiodon]]'', ''[[Tikitherium]]'' and ''[[Tikisuchus]]'' and species ''[[Rewaconodon|Rewaconodon tikiensis]]'', ''[[Hyperodapedon|Hyperodapedon tikiensis]]'' and ''[[Parvodus|Parvodus tikiensis]]'' have been named after the Tiki Formation.
The '''Tiki Formation''' is a [[Mesozoic]] geologic [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[India]]. [[Dinosaur]] remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific [[genus]].<ref name="dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.</ref> [[Phytosaur]] remains attributable to the genus ''[[Volcanosuchus]]'' have also been found in the Tiki Formation.


== Paleobiota ==
Tiki Formation correlates with the [[Ischigualasto Formation]] of Argentina, the upper part of the [[Santa Maria Formation]], and the overlying lower [[Caturrita Formation]] of Brazil, the [[Isalo II Beds]] of Madagascar, [[Lossiemouth Sandstone]] of Scotland, and the lower [[Tecovas Formation]] of the [[Chinle Group]] of North America.
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
=== Cynodonts ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" | [[Cynodont]]s of the Tiki Formation
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Gondwanadon]]''<ref name="Bhat2020" /><ref name=Datta1996>Datta & Das, 1996</ref>
| ''G. tapani''
| A single molar
| A [[morganucodont]]
|-
| ''[[Inditherium]]''<ref name="Bhat20202">{{cite journal |last1=Bhat |first1=M. S. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |last3=Datta |first3=P. M. |date=2020 |title=New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=376–393 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2020.95}}</ref>
| ''I. floris<ref name="Bhat20202" />''
| Three postcanine teeth
| A [[dromatheriid]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Rewaconodon]]''<ref name="Bhat2020" />
| ''R. indicus<ref name="Bhat20202" />''
| A partial jaw and three postcanine teeth
| rowspan=2 | A [[dromatheriid]]
|-
| ''R. tikiensis''<ref name=Kumar2019/>
|
|-
| ''[[Ruberodon]]''<ref name="Bhat2020" /><ref name="Ray2015" />
| ''R. roychowdhurii''
| Five partial jaws
| A [[traversodontid]]
|-
| ''[[Tikiodon]]''<ref name="Bhat2020" />
| ''T. cromptoni''
| A single postcanine tooth
| A [[mammaliamorph]]
|-
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" | ''[[Tikitherium]]''<ref name="Bhat2020" /><ref name="Datta2005" />
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" | ''T. copei''
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" | A single postcanine tooth
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" | A [[mammaliaform]]. Initially described as a basal mammaliaform related to [[Docodonta]], but later redescribed as a [[Neogene]] [[shrew]] fossil that was reworked into the older deposit.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Averianov |first1=Alexander O. |last2=Voyta |first2=Leonid L. |date=March 2024 |title=Putative Triassic stem mammal Tikitherium copei is a Neogene shrew |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10914-024-09703-w |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s10914-024-09703-w |issn=1064-7554}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cynodontia|Cynodontia indet.]]
|
|
|
|}


==See also==
=== Reptiles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Paleontology|Dinosaurs||}}
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" | [[Reptile]]s of the Tiki Formation
|-
! Genus / Taxon !! Species !! Material !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Colossosuchus]]<ref name="type">{{Cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=D. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |year=2023 |title=A giant phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India with new insights on phytosaur migration, endemism and extinction |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=9 |issue=1 |at=e1476 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1476 |bibcode=2023PPal....9E1476D |s2cid=257103850}}</ref>''
| ''C. techniensis<ref name="type" />''
| Known from multiple skeletons, all likely died together
| A very large [[mystriosuchine]] [[phytosaur]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Hyperodapedon]]''<ref name=Lydekker1885>Lydekker, 1885</ref><ref name=Kumar2019/>
| ''H. huxleyi''
|
| rowspan=2 | A [[hyperodapedontine]] [[rhynchosaur]]
|-
| ''H.tikiensis<ref name="India">{{Cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Debarati |last2=Ray |first2=Sanghamitra |date=2014 |editor-last=Benson |editor-first=Roger |title=A new ''Hyperodapedon'' (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12113 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=1241–1276 |bibcode=2014Palgy..57.1241M |doi=10.1111/pala.12113 |issn=0031-0239}}</ref>''
| Various cranial and postcranial elements
|-
| ''[[Parasuchus]]''<ref name=Chatterjee1987/><ref name=Kumar2019/>
| ''P. hislopi''
| Two articulate skeletons and isolated skulls
| A basal (non-mystriosuchine) [[phytosaur]]
|-
| ''[[Tikisuchus]]''<ref name=Chatterjee1987/>
| ''T. romeri''
| The skull and some postcranial elements of a young individual
| A putative [[Rauisuchidae|rauisuchid]]
|-
| ''[[Volcanosuchus]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=Debajit |last2=Ray |first2=Sanghamitra |last3=Bandyopadhyay |first3=Saswati |date=2021 |title=Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1292 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=675–708 |bibcode=2021PPal....7..675D |doi=10.1002/spp2.1292 |issn=2056-2802 |s2cid=213698017}}</ref>''
| ''V. statisticae<ref name=":0" />''
| A skull
| A mystriosuchine [[phytosaur]]
|-
| [[Ornithischia|Ornithischia indet.]]<ref name=Dattaetal2005>Datta et al., 2005</ref><ref name=Kumar2019/>
|
|
|
|-
| [[Phytosauria|Phytosauria indet.]]<ref name=Dattaetal2005/><ref name=Mukherjee2012>Mukherjee & Ray, 2012</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[Pseudosuchia|Pseudosuchia indet.]]<ref name=Huene1940>Huene, 1940</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[Sphenodontia|Sphenodontia indet.]]<ref name=Dattaetal2005/><ref name=Kumar2019/>
|
|
|
|-
| [[Theropoda|Theropoda indet.]]<ref name=Chatterjee1987/>
|
|
|
|}

=== Amphibians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" | [[Amphibian]]s of the Tiki Formation
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Eodiscoglossus]]''<ref name="Kumar2019" />
| ''E. sp''
|
| Prehistoric [[frog]]
|-
| ''[[Compsocerops]]''
| ''C. tikiensis''
|
| A [[Chigutisaurid]] [[Temnospondyl]]
|-
| ''[[Metoposaurus]]''<ref name="Chatterjee1987">Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987</ref>
| ''M. sp.''
|
| A [[Temnospondyl]]
|}
=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="4" align="center" | [[Fish]]es of the Tiki Formation
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Notes
|-
| ''[[Cladodus]]''<ref name=Kumar2019>Kumar & Sharma, 2019</ref>
| ''C. sp.''
| An isolated tooth
| A [[Cladoselachid]]
|-
| ''[[Lissodus]]''<ref name=Kumar2019/>
| ''L. duffini''
| An isolated tooth
| A [[Hybodontid]]
|-
| ''[[Parvodus]]''<ref name=Kumar2019/>
| ''P. tikiensis''
| Teeth
| A [[Hybodontid]]
|-
| [[Actinopterygii|Actinopterygii indet.]]<ref name=Kumar2019/>
|
|
|
|-
| [[Coelacanthidae|Coelacanthidae indet.]]<ref name=Kumar2019/>
|
|
|
|}


=== Flora ===
{{div col|colwidth=29em}}
* ''[[Baiera|Baiera sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984>Pal, 1984</ref>
* ''[[Dicroidium|Dicroidium sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Elatocladus|Elatocladus sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Lepidopteris|Lepidopteris sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Pagiophyllum|Pagiophyllum sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Sphenobaiera|Sphenobaiera sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Xylopteris|Xylopteris sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
* ''[[Yabeiella|Yabeiella sp.]]''<ref name=Pal1984/>
{{div col end}}

== Correlations ==
The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the [[Lower Maleri Formation]]. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the [[Ischigualasto Formation]] of Argentina, the upper part of the [[Santa Maria Formation]], and the overlying lower [[Caturrita Formation]] of Brazil, the [[Isalo II|Isalo II Beds]] of Madagascar, [[Lossiemouth Sandstone]] of Scotland, and the lower [[Tecovas Formation]] of the [[Chinle Group]] of North America.

== See also ==
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]
** [[List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate dinosaur fossils]]
** [[List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate dinosaur fossils]]


==Footnotes==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Bhat2020">{{cite journal |last1=Bhat |first1=M. S. |last2=Ray |first2=S. |last3=Datta |first3=P. M. |title=New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |date=2020 |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=376–393 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2020.95|s2cid=228836405 }}</ref>
<ref name="Datta2005">{{cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=P. M. |title=Earliest mammal with transversely expanded upper molar from the Late Triassic (Carnian) Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |date=2005 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=200–207 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0200:EMWTEU]2.0.CO;2}}</ref>
<ref name="Dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution", pp. 517-607</ref>
<ref name="Ray2015">{{cite journal |last1=Ray |first1=S. |title=A new Late Triassic traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from India |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |date=2015 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=e930472 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.930472|bibcode=2015JVPal..35E0472R |s2cid=86368800 }}</ref>
}}


=== Bibliography ===
==References==
<!--most recent first-->
* Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.
* {{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=J. |first2=K. M. |last2=Sharma |year=2019 |title=Micro and mega-vertebrate fossils from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India: palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographic implications |journal=[[Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India]] |volume=64 |pages=151–168}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=D. |first2=S. |last2=Ray |year=2012 |title=Taphonomy of an Upper Triassic vertebrate bonebed: A new rhynchosaur (Reptilia; Archosauromorpha) accumulation from India |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=333-334 |pages=75–91|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.010 |bibcode=2012PPP...333...75M }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=P. M. |first2=D. P. |last2=Das |first3=Z.-X. |last3=Luo |year=2004 |title=A late Triassic dromatheriid (Synapsida: Cynodontia) from India |journal=[[Annals of Carnegie Museum]] |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=72–84|doi=10.5962/p.215151 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=[[David B. Weishampel|Weishampel]] |editor-first=David B. |editor-last2=[[Peter Dodson|Dodson]] |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=[[Halszka Osmólska|Osmólska]] |editor-first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria|edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |location=Berkeley|publisher= University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21|isbn=0-520-24209-2}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=P. M. |first2=D. P. |last2=Das |year=1996 |title=Discovery of the oldest fossil mammal from India |journal=[[Indian Minerals]] |volume=50 |pages=217–222}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=S. |first2=P. K. |last2=Majumdar |year=1987 |title=''Tikisuchus romeri'', a new rauisuchid reptile from the Late Triassic of India |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=787–793|doi=10.1017/S0022336000029139 |bibcode=1987JPal...61..787C }}
* {{cite journal |last=Pal |first=P.K |year=1984 |title=Triassic plant megafossils from the Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India |journal=[[The Palaeobotanist]] |volume=32 |pages=253–309}}
* {{cite journal |last=Chatterjee |first=S |year=1978 |title=A primitive parasuchid (Phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume=21 |pages=83–127}}
* {{cite journal |last=[[Friedrich von Huene|Huene]] |first=F. von |year=1940 |title=The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic Maleri Beds |journal=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Palaeontologia Indica |series=New Series |volume=32 |pages=1–42}}
* {{cite journal |last=[[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]] |first=R |year=1885 |title=The Reptilia & Amphibia of the Maleria & Denwa Groups |journal=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Series IV. Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata |volume=1 |pages=1–38}}


[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Triassic System of Asia]]
[[Category:Triassic India]]
[[Category:Carnian Stage]]
[[Category:Carnian Stage]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]

[[Category:Mudstone formations]]

[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
{{geologic-formation-stub}}
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Lacustrine deposits]]
[[Category:Paleontology in India]]
[[Category:Geography of Madhya Pradesh|Formations]]

Latest revision as of 04:30, 22 July 2024

Tiki Formation
Stratigraphic range: Carnian-Norian
TypGeological formation
Unit ofGondwana Group
Sub-unitsLower & Upper members
Lithology
PrimäreMudstone
OtherClaystone, sandstone
Standort
Coordinates23°54′N 81°24′E / 23.9°N 81.4°E / 23.9; 81.4
Approximate paleocoordinates42°36′S 51°06′E / 42.6°S 51.1°E / -42.6; 51.1
RegionMadhya Pradesh
Land Indien
Type section
Named forTiki village
Tiki Formation is located in India
Tiki Formation
Tiki Formation (India)
Tiki Formation is located in Madhya Pradesh
Tiki Formation
Tiki Formation (Madhya Pradesh)

The Tiki Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) geologic formation in Madhya Pradesh, northern India. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[1] Phytosaur remains attributable to the genus Volcanosuchus have also been found in the Tiki Formation.[2]

The genera Tikiodon, Tikitherium and Tikisuchus and species Rewaconodon tikiensis, Hyperodapedon tikiensis and Parvodus tikiensis have been named after the Tiki Formation.

Paleobiota

[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Cynodonts

[edit]
Cynodonts of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Gondwanadon[3][4] G. tapani A single molar A morganucodont
Inditherium[5] I. floris[5] Three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
Rewaconodon[3] R. indicus[5] A partial jaw and three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
R. tikiensis[6]
Ruberodon[3][7] R. roychowdhurii Five partial jaws A traversodontid
Tikiodon[3] T. cromptoni A single postcanine tooth A mammaliamorph
Tikitherium[3][8] T. copei A single postcanine tooth A mammaliaform. Initially described as a basal mammaliaform related to Docodonta, but later redescribed as a Neogene shrew fossil that was reworked into the older deposit.[9]
Cynodontia indet.

Reptiles

[edit]
Reptiles of the Tiki Formation
Genus / Taxon Species Material Notes
Colossosuchus[10] C. techniensis[10] Known from multiple skeletons, all likely died together A very large mystriosuchine phytosaur
Hyperodapedon[11][6] H. huxleyi A hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur
H.tikiensis[12] Various cranial and postcranial elements
Parasuchus[13][6] P. hislopi Two articulate skeletons and isolated skulls A basal (non-mystriosuchine) phytosaur
Tikisuchus[13] T. romeri The skull and some postcranial elements of a young individual A putative rauisuchid
Volcanosuchus[14] V. statisticae[14] A skull A mystriosuchine phytosaur
Ornithischia indet.[15][6]
Phytosauria indet.[15][16]
Pseudosuchia indet.[17]
Sphenodontia indet.[15][6]
Theropoda indet.[13]

Amphibians

[edit]
Amphibians of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Eodiscoglossus[6] E. sp Prehistoric frog
Compsocerops C. tikiensis A Chigutisaurid Temnospondyl
Metoposaurus[13] M. sp. A Temnospondyl

Fish

[edit]
Fishes of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Cladodus[6] C. sp. An isolated tooth A Cladoselachid
Lissodus[6] L. duffini An isolated tooth A Hybodontid
Parvodus[6] P. tikiensis Teeth A Hybodontid
Actinopterygii indet.[6]
Coelacanthidae indet.[6]


Flora

[edit]

Correlations

[edit]

The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the Lower Maleri Formation. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Weishampel et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution", pp. 517-607
  2. ^ Chatterjee, 1978
  3. ^ a b c d e Bhat, M. S.; Ray, S.; Datta, P. M. (2020). "New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (2): 376–393. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.95. S2CID 228836405.
  4. ^ Datta & Das, 1996
  5. ^ a b c Bhat, M. S.; Ray, S.; Datta, P. M. (2020). "New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (2): 376–393. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.95.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kumar & Sharma, 2019
  7. ^ Ray, S. (2015). "A new Late Triassic traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (3): e930472. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0472R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.930472. S2CID 86368800.
  8. ^ Datta, P. M. (2005). "Earliest mammal with transversely expanded upper molar from the Late Triassic (Carnian) Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 200–207. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0200:EMWTEU]2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ Averianov, Alexander O.; Voyta, Leonid L. (March 2024). "Putative Triassic stem mammal Tikitherium copei is a Neogene shrew". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31 (1). doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09703-w. ISSN 1064-7554.
  10. ^ a b Datta, D.; Ray, S. (2023). "A giant phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India with new insights on phytosaur migration, endemism and extinction". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (1). e1476. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1476D. doi:10.1002/spp2.1476. S2CID 257103850.
  11. ^ Lydekker, 1885
  12. ^ Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2014). Benson, Roger (ed.). "A new Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny". Palaeontology. 57 (6): 1241–1276. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57.1241M. doi:10.1111/pala.12113. ISSN 0031-0239.
  13. ^ a b c d Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987
  14. ^ a b Datta, Debajit; Ray, Sanghamitra; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (2021). "Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 675–708. Bibcode:2021PPal....7..675D. doi:10.1002/spp2.1292. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 213698017.
  15. ^ a b c Datta et al., 2005
  16. ^ Mukherjee & Ray, 2012
  17. ^ Huene, 1940
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Pal, 1984

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiki_Formation&oldid=1235964410"