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m →‎Results: changed the order of the smaller parties in order to reflect the votes
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|bgcolor={{Party for People's Livelihoods/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Party for People's Livelihoods]]|| || || 0|| || 758,778 || 2.71 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –20
|bgcolor={{Party for People's Livelihoods/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Party for People's Livelihoods]]|| || || 0|| || 758,778 || 2.71 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –20
⚫
|-
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| bgcolor="#0095DA" | || align="left" |[[Christian Liberal Unification Party|Christian Liberty Unification Party]]|| || || 0|| ||513,159||1.83|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Minjung Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Minjung Party]]|| || || 0|| || 295,612 || 1.05 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|bgcolor={{Minjung Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Minjung Party]]|| || || 0|| || 295,612 || 1.05 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Our Republican Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Our Republican Party (2020)|Our Republican Party]]|| || || 0|| || 208,719 || 0.74 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –2
|bgcolor={{Our Republican Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Our Republican Party (2020)|Our Republican Party]]|| || || 0|| || 208,719 || 0.74 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –2
⚫
|-
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| bgcolor="#443091" | || align="left" |[[:ko:여성의당|Women's Party]]|| || || 0|| ||208,697||0.74|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
⚫
|-
⚫
| bgcolor="#E61F1A" | || align="left" |[[National Revolutionary Dividends Party]]|| || || 0|| ||200,657||0.71|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Pro-Park New Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Pro-Park New Party]]|| || || 0|| || 142,747 || 0.51 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|bgcolor={{Pro-Park New Party/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Pro-Park New Party]]|| || || 0|| || 142,747 || 0.51 || 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#F07D12| ||align=left|[[Korea Economic Party]]|| || || 0|| ||48,807||0.17|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
| bgcolor="#841838" | || align="left" |[[Dawn of Liberty]]|| || || 0|| ||101,819||0.36|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Green Party Korea/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Green Party Korea]]|| || || 0|| ||58,948||0.21|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="{{Saenuri Party (2017)/meta/color}}" | || align="left" |[[Saenuri Party (2017)|Saenuri Party]]|| || || 0|| ||80,208||0.28|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Labor Party (South Korea)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Labor Party (South Korea)|Labor Party]]|| || || 0|| ||34,272||0.12|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#1D2088" | || align="left" |[[Our Future|Future Party]]|| || || 0|| ||71,423||0.25|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#443091| ||align=left|[[:ko:여성의당|Women's Party]]|| || || 0|| ||208,697||0.74|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#00A7E6" | || align="left" |[[Future Democratic Party]]|| || || 0|| ||71,297||0.25|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#FE8871| ||align=left|[[:ko:기본소득당|Basic Income Party]]|| || || 0|| ||–||–||–||–||–||–|| 0 || 0
| bgcolor="{{Green Party Korea/meta/color}}" | || align="left" |[[Green Party Korea]]|| || || 0|| ||58,948||0.21|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#1D2088| ||align=left|[[Our Future|Future Party]]|| || || 0|| ||71,423||0.25|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|bgcolor=#F07D12| ||align=left|[[Korea Economic Party]]|| || || 0|| ||48,807||0.17|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#E61F1A| ||align=left|[[National Revolutionary Dividends Party]]|| || || 0|| ||200,657||0.71|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|bgcolor={{Labor Party (South Korea)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Labor Party (South Korea)|Labor Party]]|| || || 0|| ||34,272||0.12|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#B22222| ||align=left|[[:ko:가자코리아|Let's Go! Korea]]|| || || 0|| ||34,012||0.12|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|bgcolor=#B22222| ||align=left|[[:ko:가자코리아|Let's Go! Korea]]|| || || 0|| ||34,012||0.12|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#9ACD32| ||align=left|[[:ko:가자!평화인권당|Let's Go! Peace and Human Rights Party]]|| || || 0|| ||9,245||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#5B173C" | || align="left" |[[:ko:홍익당|Hongik Party]]|| || || 0|| ||22,583||0.08|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#3CB371| ||align=left|[[:ko:가자환경당|Let's Go! Environmental Party]]|| || || 0|| ||11,040||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#E50112" | || align="left" |[[:ko:자유당 (대한민국, 2020년)|Liberty Party]]|| || || 0|| ||20,599||0.07|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#0095DA| ||align=left|[[Christian Liberal Unification Party|Christian Liberty Unification Party]]|| || || 0|| ||513,159||1.83|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#DE9B26" | || align="left" |[[:ko:대한민국당|Republic of Korea Party]]|| || || 0|| ||19,246||0.06|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#0A1643| ||align=left|[[:ko:깨어있는시민연대당|Awakened Citizens' Solidarity Party]]|| || || 0|| ||14,242||0.05|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#0A1643" | || align="left" |[[:ko:깨어있는시민연대당|Awakened Citizens' Solidarity Party]]|| || || 0|| ||14,242||0.05|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#AE0100| ||align=left|[[:ko:남북통일당|Inter-Korean Unification Party]]|| || || 0|| ||10,833||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#3CB371" | || align="left" |[[:ko:가자환경당|Let's Go! Environmental Party]]|| || || 0|| ||11,040||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#DE9B26| ||align=left|[[:ko:대한민국당|Republic of Korea Party]]|| || || 0|| ||19,246||0.06|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#AE0100" | || align="left" |[[:ko:남북통일당|Inter-Korean Unification Party]]|| || || 0|| ||10,833||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#00A7E6| ||align=left|[[Future Democratic Party]]|| || || 0|| ||71,297||0.25|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|bgcolor=#9ACD32| ||align=left|[[:ko:가자!평화인권당|Let's Go! Peace and Human Rights Party]]|| || || 0|| ||9,245||0.03|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
⚫
|-
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|bgcolor={{Saenuri Party (2017)/meta/color}}| ||align=left|[[Saenuri Party (2017)|Saenuri Party]]|| || || 0|| ||80,208||0.28|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
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|bgcolor=#7F7777| ||align=left|[[:ko:우리당 (2020년)|Our Party]]|| || || 0|| ||6,773||0.02|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|bgcolor=#7F7777| ||align=left|[[:ko:우리당 (2020년)|Our Party]]|| || || 0|| ||6,773||0.02|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#E50112| ||align=left|[[:ko:자유당 (대한민국, 2020년)|Liberty Party]]|| || || 0|| ||20,599||0.07|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
| bgcolor="#FE8871" | || align="left" |[[:ko:기본소득당|Basic Income Party]]|| || || 0|| ||–||–||–||–||–||–|| 0 || 0
⚫
|-
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|bgcolor=#841838| ||align=left|[[Dawn of Liberty]]|| || || 0|| ||101,819||0.36|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
⚫
|-
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|bgcolor=#5B173C| ||align=left|[[:ko:홍익당|Hongik Party]]|| || || 0|| ||22,583||0.08|| 0 || || 0 || || 0 || 0
|-
|-
|bgcolor=#CCCCCC| ||align=left|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|| || || 5|| || || || || || || || 5 || style="color:red;"| –12
|bgcolor=#CCCCCC| ||align=left|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|| || || 5|| || || || || || || || 5 || style="color:red;"| –12

Revision as of 11:15, 16 April 2020

2020 South Korean legislative election
← 2016 15 April 2020 2024 →
All 300 seats in the National Assembly
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout66.2% (Increase 8.2 pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Lee Hae-chan (Retiring) Hwang Kyo-ahn Sim Sang-jung
Party Democratic
with Together Citizens' 		United Future
with Future Korea 		Justice
Leader since 25 August 2018 17 February 2020 13 July 2019
Leader's seat Sejong (Not standing) Jongno (defeated) Gyeonggi Goyang A
Last election 123 seats 122 seats
(as Saenuri) 		6 seats
Seats before 128 (120 + 8) 112 (92 + 20) 6
Seats won 180 (163 + 17) 103 (84 + 19) 6
Seat change Increase 52 Decrease 9 Steady 0
Popular vote 9,307,112 9,441,520 2,697,956
Prozentualer Anteil 33.3% 33.8% 9.6%
Swing Increase 7.8% Increase 0.3% Increase 2.4%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Ahn Cheol-soo Lee Keun-shik Kim Jung-hwa
Yu Sung-yup
Party People Party (South Korea) Open Democratic Party for People's Livelihoods
Leader since 23 February 2020 8 March 2020 24 March 2020
Leader's seat (Not standing) (Not standing) Proportional
Jeongeup-Gochang (defeated)
Last election New party New party 38 seats
(as People's)
Seats before 1 1 20
Seats won 3 3 0
Seat change Increase 2 Increase 2 Decrease 20
Popular vote 1,896,719 1,512,763 758,778
Prozentualer Anteil 6.7% 5.4% 2.7%
Swing New party New party Decrease 24.0%
Speaker before election

Moon Hee-sang
Democratic

Elected Speaker

TBD

This article is part of a series on
Politics of South Korea
Regierung
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Korean conflict
flag South Korea portal

South Korea's 21st legislative elections were held on 15 April 2020. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 253 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 47 from proportional party lists.

The election was a landslide victory for the liberal Democratic Party which defeated the conservative United Future Party. The Democratic Party and its satellite party, the Together Citizens' Party, won 180 out of 300 seats — which guaranteed the ruling liberal alliance near-absolute control over the legislative process. The Democratic Party alone won 163 seats — the highest number by any party since 1960. The conservative alliance between the United Future Party and the Future Korea Party won only 103 seats, making this the worst conservative result since 1960.

The 2020 legislative elections were the first to be held under the new electoral system voted in 2020 due to the electoral reforms proposed by incumbent president Moon Jae-in.[1]

Electoral system

See also: Elections in South Korea

300 members of the National Assembly were elected in the 2016 elections, of whom 253 (84%) were elected from single-member constituencies on a first-past-the-post basis, and 47 (16%) from closed party lists through proportional representation by the Hare quota largest remainder method, in accordance with South Korea's Public Official Election Act.[2] To win seats through proportional representation, parties needed to pass an election threshold of either 5 single-member districts or 3% of the total list vote.[3]

Restrictions on candidates

Candidates for the National Assembly were required to pay a fee of 15,000,000 South Korean won (US$14,000 as of December 2017), and under the National Security Act the Constitutional Court may block the registration of "left-wing", "pro–North Korean" parties, though this provision has not affected recent elections.[4]

Date and process

The 2020 election for the National Assembly will be held on 15 April, in accordance with Article 34 of the Public Official Election Act, which specifies that Election Day for legislative elections is held on "the first Wednesday from the 50th day before the expiration of the National Assembly members term of office".[5] Eligible voters are required to be registered and at least 18 years old on the day of the election,[4] and need to show an approved form of identification at the polling place. Polls on Election Day will be open from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Korea Standard Time (21:00–09:00 UTC, 14–15 April).[6]

Since 2009, voters have been able to vote overseas.[4] The electorates can also cast early votes at polling stations in Korea without prior notice.[7]

Fast-track controversy and Assembly violence

The legislative process of changing the election law, ongoing since February 2019, based on the 85th Article of the National Assembly law so called 'Fasttrack' was considered controversial by the main opposition Liberty Korea Party party and also by Bareunmirae Party member Yoo Seong-min, due to the absence of agreement between all parties.[8] Sohn Hak-kyu, the leader of the Bareunmirae, and his decision to dismiss his fellow standing committee member Oh Shin-hwan, to pass the "Fasttrack" has stirred up legal controversy.[9][10] The Prosecution Service, however, declared Sohn's legal actions were not applicable to criminal charges.[11]

Physical disruption of the National Assembly Secretariat made by Liberty Korea Party on April 2019, in order to interrupt the legal maneuver has been a subject of investigation, as violence in the National Assembly, and violation of the National Assembly law by the Prosecution Service.[12][13][14][15] The Prosecution Service indicted several important members of the LKP, including leader Hwang Kyo-ahn and floor leader Na Kyung-won at the time, for criminal charges, mainly violence and violation of order.[11] The indictment also included Democratic Party of Korea members.

Electoral reform

Red: 253, First-Past-the-Post
Blue: 30, Party-list proportional (compensatory)
Green: 17, Party-list proportional (parallel)

An election reform bill, including a hybrid of the mixed-member proportional and mixed member majoritarian (also known as the Additional Member System and Parallel Vote, respectively) systems, was passed on 27 December, despite physical obstruction in the Assembly voting area by the Liberty Korea Party. The eventual number of directly elected seats and proportional representation (PR) slots will be kept at 253 and 47, respectively, in the 300-member National Assembly according to the new law. However, the majority of PR seats will be switched from a parallel system to a compensatory one.[16]

Not all PR seats will be distributed in a compensatory manner, however, with 17 of the 47 PR seats being distributed under the old parallel voting system, without reference to seats won at the constituency level, and the remaining 30 seats being distributed in the new compensatory system.[17]

Reactions

The main opposition Liberty Korea Party opposed the move and declared its plan to set up a satellite party to deal with the new election system changes.[18] The satellite party would then become affiliated to the United Future Party after it was formed through a merger of the LKP and other conservative parties. The Democratic Party would soon follow suit and create their own satellite party.

Parties and candidates

See also: List of political parties in South Korea

Both major parties split to take advantage of the new partial mixed-member proportional electoral system put in place since the prior elections, with the main party only running in the constituencies (all their seats being therefore counted as overhang seats), and the satellite party only running for the proportional bloc seats (all seats therefore being filled with party lists).[19]

The parties are sorted by their current number of seats (prior to the election).

Parties Incumbent seats Positioning and ideologies Leader
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color" | Democratic Party of Korea
Together Citizens' Party 		120
8 		Centre to centre-left
Liberalism, Social liberalism 		Lee Hae-chan
style="background-color:Template:United Future Party/meta/color" | United Future Party
Future Korea Party 		92
20 		Right-wing
National conservatism, Economic liberalism, Anti-communism 		Hwang Kyo-ahn
style="background-color:Template:Party for People's Livelihoods/meta/color" | Party for People's Livelihoods 20 Centre
Reformism, Liberalism, Social conservatism 		Kim Jung-hwa
Yu Sung-yup
style="background-color:Template:Justice Party (South Korea)/meta/color" | Justice Party 6 Centre-left
Social democracy, Progressivism 		Sim Sang-jung
style="background-color:Template:Our Republican Party/meta/color" | Our Republican Party 2 Far-right (New Right)
Right-wing populism, Social conservatism, Ilminism, Pro-Park 		Cho Won-jin
style="background-color:Template:Minjung Party/meta/color" | Minjung Party 1 Left-wing
Progressivism 		Collective leadership
Korea Economic Party 1 Right-wing
Conservatism 		Choi Jong-ho
Lee Eun-jae
style="background-color:Template:People Party (South Korea)/meta/color" | People Party 1 Centre to centre-right
Liberalism, Reformism 		Ahn Cheol-soo
style="background-color:Template:Pro-Park New Party/meta/color" | Pro-Park New Party 1 Right-wing to far-right
National conservatism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Pro-Park 		Hong Moon-jong
style="background-color:Template:Open Democrats/meta/color" | Open Democrats 1 Centre to centre-left
Liberalism, Social liberalism 		Lee Keun-shik

Parties not represented in the current National Assembly but plan on running candidates include:

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2020 South Korean legislative election

Results

Results of the 2020 South Korean legislative election
Party Constituency Proportional Total
seats 		+/–
Party-list Parallel Compensatory
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Seats +/– Seats +/–
bgcolor=Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color| Democratic Party 163 - - - - - - 163 +43
Together Citizens' Party - - - - 9,307,112 33.35 6 11 17 +9
bgcolor=Template:United Future Party/meta/color| United Future Party 84 - - - - - - 84 –8
bgcolor=Template:Future Korea Party/meta/color| Future Korea Party - - - - 9,441,520 33.84 7 12 19 –1
bgcolor=Template:Justice Party (South Korea)/meta/color| Justice Party 1 2,697,956 9.67 1 4 6 ±0
bgcolor=Template:People Party (South Korea)/meta/color| People Party - - - - 1,896,719 6.79 1 2 3 +2
bgcolor=Template:Open Democrats/meta/color| Open Democrats - - - - 1,512,763 5.42 1 2 3 +2
bgcolor=Template:Party for People's Livelihoods/meta/color| Party for People's Livelihoods 0 758,778 2.71 0 0 0 –20
Christian Liberty Unification Party 0 513,159 1.83 0 0 0 0
bgcolor=Template:Minjung Party/meta/color| Minjung Party 0 295,612 1.05 0 0 0 –1
bgcolor=Template:Our Republican Party/meta/color| Our Republican Party 0 208,719 0.74 0 0 0 –2
Women's Party 0 208,697 0.74 0 0 0 0
National Revolutionary Dividends Party 0 200,657 0.71 0 0 0 0
bgcolor=Template:Pro-Park New Party/meta/color| Pro-Park New Party 0 142,747 0.51 0 0 0 –1
Dawn of Liberty 0 101,819 0.36 0 0 0 0
bgcolor="Template:Saenuri Party (2017)/meta/color" | Saenuri Party 0 80,208 0.28 0 0 0 0
Future Party 0 71,423 0.25 0 0 0 0
Future Democratic Party 0 71,297 0.25 0 0 0 0
bgcolor="Template:Green Party Korea/meta/color" | Green Party Korea 0 58,948 0.21 0 0 0 0
Korea Economic Party 0 48,807 0.17 0 0 0 –1
bgcolor=Template:Labor Party (South Korea)/meta/color| Labor Party 0 34,272 0.12 0 0 0 0
Let's Go! Korea 0 34,012 0.12 0 0 0 0
Hongik Party 0 22,583 0.08 0 0 0 0
Liberty Party 0 20,599 0.07 0 0 0 0
Republic of Korea Party 0 19,246 0.06 0 0 0 0
Awakened Citizens' Solidarity Party 0 14,242 0.05 0 0 0 0
Let's Go! Environmental Party 0 11,040 0.03 0 0 0 0
Inter-Korean Unification Party 0 10,833 0.03 0 0 0 0
Let's Go! Peace and Human Rights Party 0 9,245 0.03 0 0 0 0
Our Party 0 6,773 0.02 0 0 0 0
Basic Income Party 0 - - - - - - 0 0
Independent 5 5 –12
Invalid/blank votes - - 1,226,532 - - - - - - -
Total 29,127,637 100 253 0 100 17 –30 30 +30 300 0
Registered voters/turnout 43,994,247 66.2 - 43,994,247 66.2 - - - - - -
Source: NEC, https://news.naver.com/main/election/nation2020/index.nhn

See also

References

  1. ^ "지방선거 득실 계산… 민주당-한국당, 접점없는 '개헌' 대치". The Dong-a Ilbo. Naver. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  2. ^ Article 189, subsection (3), Public Official Election Act, "Legislation & Judicial Decision". Republic of Korea National Election Commission. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Election Districts and Representation System". Republic of Korea National Election Commission. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "South Korea". Sustainable Governance Indicators. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  5. ^ Article 34, Public Official Election Act, "Legislation & Judicial Decision". Republic of Korea National Election Commission. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  6. ^ "National Assembly elections: April 13, 2016". Republic of Korea National Election Commission. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  7. ^ Lee, Rachel (8 April 2016). "Early voting begins for general election". The Korea Times. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  8. ^ "유승민 "여야 합의 없는 선거법 개정은 다수의 횡포"". hankyung.com (in Korean). 29 April 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  9. ^ "오신환 사보임 가능? 불가능?…'국회법 48조' 여야 상반된 해석". hankyung.com (in Korean). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  10. ^ "오신환 사보임 가능할까… 국회법 48조 엇갈린 해석". 한국일보 (in Korean). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  11. ^ a b MoneyToday (2 January 2020). "검찰 '패스트트랙 동물국회' 황교안·나경원 불구속 기소(상보)". m.mt.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  12. ^ 방현덕 (26 April 2019). "패스트트랙 극한충돌, '육탄전' 이어 '고소고발전'으로 비화". 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  13. ^ Kim, Bo-gyung. "[KH Explains] What is behind political impasse, violence at National Assembly?". The Korean Herald. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  14. ^ "검찰, 패스트트랙 직접 수사…수사대상 의원 109명". The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). 9 September 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  15. ^ Herald, The Korea (29 April 2019). "[KH Explains] What is behind political impasse, violence at National Assembly?". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  16. ^ Herald, The Korea (27 December 2019). "National Assembly passes electoral reform bill". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  17. ^ 김광태 (23 December 2019). "(2nd LD) Opposition party launches filibuster against electoral reform bill". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  18. ^ 김수연 (24 December 2019). "Main opposition to set up satellite party for more proportional representation seats". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  19. ^ "창당선언문". 2 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
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