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Tiki Formation

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Coordinates: 23°54′N 81°24′E / 23.9°N 81.4°E / 23.9; 81.4
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Tiki Formation
Stratigraphic range: Carnian-Norian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofGondwana Group
Sub-unitsLower & Upper members
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
OtherClaystone, sandstone
Location
Coordinates23°54′N 81°24′E / 23.9°N 81.4°E / 23.9; 81.4
Approximate paleocoordinates42°36′S 51°06′E / 42.6°S 51.1°E / -42.6; 51.1
RegionMadhya Pradesh
Country India
Type section
Named forTiki village
Tiki Formation is located in India
Tiki Formation
Tiki Formation (India)
Tiki Formation is located in Madhya Pradesh
Tiki Formation
Tiki Formation (Madhya Pradesh)

The Tiki Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) geologic formation in Madhya Pradesh, northern India. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[1] Phytosaur remains attributable to the genus Volcanosuchus have also been found in the Tiki Formation.[2]

The genera Tikiodon, Tikitherium and Tikisuchus and species Rewaconodon tikiensis, Hyperodapedon tikiensis and Parvodus tikiensis have been named after the Tiki Formation.

Paleobiota

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Cynodonts

Cynodonts of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Gondwanadon[3][4] G. tapani A single molar A morganucodont
Inditherium[5] I. floris[5] Three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
Rewaconodon[3] R. indicus[5] A partial jaw and three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
R. tikiensis[6]
Ruberodon[3][7] R. roychowdhurii Five partial jaws A traversodontid
Tikiodon[3] T. cromptoni A single postcanine tooth A mammaliamorph
Tikitherium[3][8] T. copei A single postcanine tooth A mammaliaform. Initially described as a basal mammaliaform related to Docodonta, but later redescribed as a Neogene shrew fossil that was reworked into the older deposit.[9]
Cynodontia indet.

Reptiles

Reptiles of the Tiki Formation
Genus / Taxon Species Material Notes
Colossosuchus[10] C. techniensis[10] Known from multiple skeletons, all likely died together A very large mystriosuchine phytosaur
Hyperodapedon[11][6] H. huxleyi A hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur
H.tikiensis[12] Various cranial and postcranial elements
Parasuchus[13][6] P. hislopi Two articulate skeletons and isolated skulls A basal (non-mystriosuchine) phytosaur
Tikisuchus[13] T. romeri The skull and some postcranial elements of a young individual A putative rauisuchid
Volcanosuchus[14] V. statisticae[14] A skull A mystriosuchine phytosaur
Ornithischia indet.[15][6]
Phytosauria indet.[15][16]
Pseudosuchia indet.[17]
Sphenodontia indet.[15][6]
Theropoda indet.[13]

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Eodiscoglossus[6] E. sp Prehistoric frog
Compsocerops C. tikiensis A Chigutisaurid Temnospondyl
Metoposaurus[13] M. sp. A Temnospondyl

Fish

Fishes of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Cladodus[6] C. sp. An isolated tooth A Cladoselachid
Lissodus[6] L. duffini An isolated tooth A Hybodontid
Parvodus[6] P. tikiensis Teeth A Hybodontid
Actinopterygii indet.[6]
Coelacanthidae indet.[6]


Flora

Correlations

The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the Lower Maleri Formation. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America.

See also

References

  1. ^ Weishampel et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution", pp. 517-607
  2. ^ Chatterjee, 1978
  3. ^ a b c d e Bhat, M. S.; Ray, S.; Datta, P. M. (2020). "New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (2): 376–393. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.95. S2CID 228836405.
  4. ^ Datta & Das, 1996
  5. ^ a b c Bhat, M. S.; Ray, S.; Datta, P. M. (2020). "New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (2): 376–393. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.95.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kumar & Sharma, 2019
  7. ^ Ray, S. (2015). "A new Late Triassic traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (3): e930472. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0472R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.930472. S2CID 86368800.
  8. ^ Datta, P. M. (2005). "Earliest mammal with transversely expanded upper molar from the Late Triassic (Carnian) Tiki Formation, South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 200–207. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0200:EMWTEU]2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ Averianov, Alexander O.; Voyta, Leonid L. (March 2024). "Putative Triassic stem mammal Tikitherium copei is a Neogene shrew". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 31 (1). doi:10.1007/s10914-024-09703-w. ISSN 1064-7554.
  10. ^ a b Datta, D.; Ray, S. (2023). "A giant phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India with new insights on phytosaur migration, endemism and extinction". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (1). e1476. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1476D. doi:10.1002/spp2.1476. S2CID 257103850.
  11. ^ Lydekker, 1885
  12. ^ Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2014). Benson, Roger (ed.). "A new Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny". Palaeontology. 57 (6): 1241–1276. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57.1241M. doi:10.1111/pala.12113. ISSN 0031-0239.
  13. ^ a b c d Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987
  14. ^ a b Datta, Debajit; Ray, Sanghamitra; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (2021). "Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 675–708. Bibcode:2021PPal....7..675D. doi:10.1002/spp2.1292. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 213698017.
  15. ^ a b c Datta et al., 2005
  16. ^ Mukherjee & Ray, 2012
  17. ^ Huene, 1940
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Pal, 1984

Bibliography

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