Francis Lovelace

Francis Lovelace
2nd Colonial Governor of New York
In office Summer 1668 – 1673
Preceded by	Richard Nicolls
Succeeded by	Anthony Colve
Personal details
Born	1621 Kent, England
Died	1675 London, England

Francis Lovelace (1621–1675) was an English Royalist and the second Governor of New York colony.

He was born the third son of Sir William Lovelace (1584–1627) and his wife Anne Barne of Lovelace Place, Bethersden and Woolwich, Kent. He was the younger brother of Richard Lovelace, the Cavalier poet. The Bethersden Lovelace lineage was founded in 1367 by John Lovelace, six generations before Francis, and has been confused over the years with the Hurley Lovelaces who were raised to the House of Lords.

The five Lovelace brothers supported Charles II in his fight to be restored to the throne. When Cromwell was defeated, Charles gave his brother, the Duke of York (later to become King James II), rights to the colony of Nieuw Amsterdam when Richard Nicolls took it from the Dutch in 1667. Many people did not like him because they thought Oliver Cromwell was their savior.

The Duke of York appointed Lovelace the second governor of the New York Colony in 1668 after the departure of Richard Nicolls. His administration was terminated by the temporary re-capture of the colony by the Dutch in 1673 when, for a brief period the Dutch Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the youngest captured New York and re-established Nieuw Amsterdam. From 1673 to 1674, Dutch naval Captain Anthony Colve acted as military governor-general until England recovered the colony under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster (1674).

Lovelace was meeting with the Governor of Connecticut, John Winthrop, Jr. in Hartford, Connecticut, when the Dutch captured New York. He was planning the first postal system from New York to Boston. The Duke of York blamed Lovelace for the loss of his colony, confiscated his plantation on Staten Island, and shut him up in the Tower of London, where he contracted dropsy and died in penury two years later 1675.

The third new Governor of New York after Francis Lovelace was John Lovelace, 4th Baron Lovelace of Hurley – no kin to Francis of the Bethersden Lovelaces. Early genealogists confused Francis with an identically named son of Richard Lovelace, 1st Baron Lovelace of Hurley, due to a pamphlet issued at the time of his appointment mistakenly asserting that he was the brother of the said Richard. The confusion has also spread to more modern historians.

References

• Nelson, Paul David. "Lovelace, Francis". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17053. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Paltsis, Victor Hugo (ed.) (1910). Minutes of the Executive Council of the Province of New York: Administration of Francis Lovelace 1668–1673. State of New York, Albany. (including collateral Documents and Illustrations)
• The British Governors of Colonial New York