This article is about the archaeological site and its associated 'Pukara culture' in the Puno Region, Peru. For other uses, see Pukara (disambiguation).
The ancient archaeological site of Pukara, dated as early as 1,800 BC, is located to the west of the town. The site is very large, spread in the area of approximately 4.2 km2. This was the first large urban center in the region. The site also gave its name to what some archaeologists refer to as a distinct 'Pukara culture'.[1] The site was declared a National Cultural Heritage (Patrimonio Cultural) of Peru by the National Institute of Culture.[1]
Ancient cultural center
The mountain overlooking the Pukara archaeological site
This was an important highland administrative and religious center.[2] There was a ceremonial sector and the urban sector or city. The ceremonial sector is composed of 9 pyramids of various shapes and sizes, the most important being the pyramid 'Kalasaya'. This structure is built of large monoliths of finely crafted stone, and includes some sculptures. In front of the pyramid, there is a staircase to the upper temple decorated with stelae. There are also figures of mythological beings of men and animals, such as frogs, snakes, fish, and pumas.[3]
There was also a large sunken central court containing carved stone steles.[4]
Pukara culture
This was an influential culture north of Lake Titicaca, centred at Pukara. This culture incorporated earlier communities of the Chiripa period, and ultimately dominated the entire lake region by 200 BC.
The Pukara engaged in agriculture, herding and fishing. The population lived in small towns and villages, which was ruled from central location.[5]
Pukara ceramics are painted in various colours. They are finely made, and include many non-utilitarian forms, such as human and animal motifs.
Pukara pottery and textiles are found widely in the middle Andean, and the coastal Pacific valleys, reaching out into Peru and Chile.[6]
The rise of Tiwanaku may have contributed to the weakening of Pukara around 200 AD.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pukara, Puno.
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