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1881 in animation

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Years in animation: 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
Centuries: 18th century · 19th century · 20th century
Decades: 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s
Years: 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884

Events in 1881 in animation.

Events

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  • Specific date unknown:
    • In 1881, Eadweard Muybridge first visited Étienne-Jules Marey's studio in France and viewed stop-motion studies before returning to the United States to further his own work in the same area.[1] The Chronophotography of Muybridge and Marey was a predecessor to cinematography and the moving film. It also had a profound influence on the beginnings of Cubism and Futurism. Chronophotography involved a series or succession of different images, originally created and used for the scientific study of movement.[2][3]
    • In 1881, Ottomar Anschütz created his first instantaneous photographs. By 1882, he had developed a portable camera that allowed shutter speeds as short as 1/1000 of a second. The quality of his pictures was generally regarded to be much higher than that of the chronophotography works of Eadweard Muybridge and Étienne-Jules Marey.[4]By 1886, Anschütz had developed the Electrotachyscope, an early device that displayed short motion picture loops with 24 glass plate photographs on a 1.5 meter wide rotating wheel that was hand-cranked to the speed of circa 30 frames per second. Different versions were shown at many international exhibitions, fairs, conventions and arcades from 1887 until at least 1894. [5][4]
    • In 1881, Eadweard Muybridge collected his chronophotographic pictures in the portfolio The Attitudes of Animals in Motion, showcasing a technique that resembles stop motion. Muybridge kept the edition very limited because of his plans for related book projects with Leland Stanford and Étienne-Jules Marey.[6]

Births

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August

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October

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December

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References

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  1. ^ Brookman, Philip; Marta Braun; Andy Grundberg; Corey Keller; Rebecca Solnit (2010). Helios : Eadweard Muybridge in a time of change. [Göttingen, Germany]: Steidl. p. 91. ISBN 9783865219268.
  2. ^ Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-8050-5789-7
  3. ^ Étienne-Jules Marey, La Science du mouvement et l'image du temps Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, (The Science of mouvement and the image of time)
  4. ^ a b Rossell, Deac. "The Exhibition of Moving Pictures before 1896".
  5. ^ Rossell, Deac. "The Anschuetz Zoetropes".
  6. ^ Braun, Marta (2012-01-01). Eadweard Muybridge. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-000-9.
  7. ^ Bob Thomas. Walt Disney: An American Original. Simon & Schuster, 1976
  8. ^ Gabler 2006, p. 376.
  9. ^ Barrier 1999, p. 309.
  10. ^ JH Rosenberg, Banker, 89, dies. NY Times. July 1, 1971
  11. ^ Roddy Flynn and Tony Tracy, Historical Dictionary of Irish Cinema, Rowman & Littlefield (2019) – Google Books p. xxii
  12. ^ Ruth Barton, Irish National Cinema, Routledge (2004) – Google Books p. 15
  13. ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858–1995 for Norman Hughes Chapler Whitten: 1969 – Ancestry.com (subscription required)
  14. ^ "Biodata". Poemhunter.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  15. ^ "The Padraic and Mary Colum Collection, 1890-1997 | Binghamton University Libraries". Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  16. ^ [1][dead link]

Sources

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