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2022 Manila local elections

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2022 Manila local elections

← 2019 May 9, 2022 (2022-05-09) 2025 →
Turnout78.21% Increase 9.1 pp
Mayoral election
 
Honey Lacuna profile (cropped).jpg
Alex Lopez (cropped).jpg
Amado Bagatsing (cropped).png
Candidate Honey Lacuna Alex Lopez Amado Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño PFP KABAKA
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila Team Amado
Running mate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing
Popular vote 538,595 166,908 118,694
Percentage 63.68% 19.74% 14.03%

Mayor before election

Isko Moreno
Asenso Manileño

Elected Mayor

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Vice mayoral election
 
Rep. Yul Servo (18th Congress PH).jpg
KBL
Candidate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño KBL
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila
Popular vote 586,855 185,431
Percentage 73.67% 23.28%

Vice Mayor before election

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Elected Vice Mayor

Yul Servo
Asenso Manileño

City Council election

36 of 38 seats in the Manila City Council
20 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Party Asenso Manileño Independent PDP–Laban
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam
Last election 16 seats, 38.89% 2 seats, 3.83% 1 seat, 4.48%
Seats won 34 2 0
Seat change Increase 18 Steady Decrease 1
Popular vote 2,950,976 362,764 424,515
Percentage 68.56% 8.43% 9.86%

Local elections were held at Manila on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Held concurrently with the national elections, the electorate voted to elect a mayor, a vice mayor, thirty-six city council members and six district representatives to congress. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year-long term. 886,133 of 1,133,042 registered voters voted in this election.

Vice mayor Honey Lacuna and representative Yul Servo were elected to the mayoralty and vice mayoralty respectively, with Lacuna becoming the first woman to be elected to the office. The Asenso Manileño party became the only party represented in the city council after winning 34 seats in the legislature. The remaining two seats were won by independents Ninong Lacsamana of the 2nd district and Bobby Espiritu II of the 5th district.

Ernix Dionisio Jr., Rolan Valeriano, Joel Chua, Edward Maceda, Irwin Tieng and Benny Abante were elected to be the representatives for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth districts respectively.

Electoral system

[edit]

Elections for mayor, vice mayor and for the six members of the House of Representatives are via first-past-the-post voting. For members of the city council, it is via multiple non-transferable vote, with the candidates with six highest votes winning.

Elections for mayor and vice mayor are done at an at-large basis. Elections for members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Manila City Council are via the legislative districts of Manila.

There are an additional two ex officio seats in the city council, for the city federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (village councilors league) and the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council league). These were originally elected in 2018, and whose terms were extended until 2023. Separate elections for these bodies will be in October 2023.

Background

[edit]

Mayor Isko Moreno and Vice Mayor Honey Lacuna are the incumbents; both are members of Aksyon Demokratiko and the local party Asenso Manileño. Moreno was elected in 2019, defeating incumbent Mayor Joseph Estrada, while Lacuna was elected in 2016, succeeding Moreno.

Moreno chose not to seek reelection as the mayor of Manila and will instead run for president of the Philippines in 2022.[1][2] Asenso Manileño nominated Lacuna and incumbent 3rd district representative Yul Servo Nieto for mayor and vice mayor, respectively.[3] Lacuna's notable challengers for mayor are former Philippine National Police DICTM deputy director Elmer Jamias (People's Reform Party), former 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA), and Christy Lim-Raymundo (Reporma), the daughter of former mayor Alfredo Lim, who died in 2020. Bagatsing is the son of another former mayor, Ramon Bagatsing. In 2019, Jamias lost the vice mayoralty race, while Lim-Raymundo lost the city council election. Alex Lopez (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas), the son of former mayor Mel Lopez, later joined the mayoralty race on November 10, 2021, as a substitute to Calvin Punzalan.[4] Lopez also lost the 2019 elections in the congressional race at the 2nd district. Bagatsing also joined the mayoralty race during the substitution period; he previously ran for mayor in 2001 and in 2016 but lost.[5]

Meanwhile, in the vice mayoralty race, Nieto notably faced actor Raymond Bagatsing of Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Bagatsing is the nephew of mayoral candidate Amado Bagatsing, making him a grandson of former mayor Ramon Bagatsing.[6] Raymond Bagatsing was later chosen as the running mate of Alex Lopez.

Previous potential candidates for mayor included former president and Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and incumbent 1st district representative Manny Lopez. Estrada lost to Moreno in 2019 and said in July of the same year that he would run again for mayor.[7] However, he did not file his Certificate of Candidacy in October 2021. Meanwhile, Lopez, another son of former Manila Mayor Mel Lopez and the current chair of the House Committee on Metro Manila Development, was chosen by the PDP–LabanCusi wing as its mayoral candidate[8] but chose to seek reelection for representative instead, with his brother Alex taking his place in the mayoralty race.[9]

Candidates

[edit]

Opinion polling

[edit]

Mayor

[edit]
Fieldwork Date(s) Pollster Sample Size MoE Abad
Ind.
Lim
Reporma
Bagatsing
KABAKA
Jamias
PRP
Lacuna
Asenso
Lopez
PFP
Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[10] 1,625 ±3.00% 6% 7% 15% 1% 25% 12% 26%
Apr. 8–13 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[11] 7% 6% 4% 9% 26% 13% 35%
March 25 Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Mar. 15–22 RPMDinc[12] 25% 53% 20% 2%
Feb. 22–28 RPMDinc[13] 26% 56% 15% 3%
Feb. 18–24 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[14] 4% 8% 3% 44% 10% 31%
Jan. 22–30 RPMDinc[15] 30% 57% 11% 2%
Dec. 16–23 RPMDinc[16] 28% 53% 12% 7%
Nov. 16–24 RPMDinc[17] 31% 48% 14% 7%

Vice Mayor

[edit]
Fieldwork Date(s) Pollster Sample Size MoE Bagatsing
KBL
Lapinig
Reporma
Nieto
Asenso
Reyes
Ind.
Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[10] 1,625 ±3.00% 34% 9% 16% 9% 32%
March 25 Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Apr. 8–13 PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.[11] 31% 14% 17% 10% 28%

Results

[edit]

Mayor

[edit]

The incumbent mayor is Isko Moreno, who was elected in 2019 with 50.15% of the vote. Moreno is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for the presidency of the Philippines.[1]

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated vice mayor Honey Lacuna to defend the position.[3]

Manila Mayoral Election
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Honey Lacuna 538,595 63.68
PFP Alexander Lopez 166,908 19.74
KABAKA Amado Bagatsing 118,694 14.03
Reporma Cristina Lim-Raymundo 14,857 1.76
PRP Elmer Jamias 4,057 0.48
Independent Onofre Abad 2,618 0.31
Total votes 845,729 100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

Vice Mayor

[edit]

The incumbent vice mayor is Honey Lacuna, who was re-elected in 2019 with 57.28% of the vote. Lacuna is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for mayor.

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated 3rd District Representative Yul Servo to defend the position.[3]

Manila Vice Mayoralty Election
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto 586,855 73.67
KBL Raymond Bagatsing 185,431 23.28
Independent Arvin Reyes 12,310 1.55
Reporma Lucy Lapinig 12,041 1.51
Total votes 796,637 100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

District representatives

[edit]
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso ManileñoAsenso Manileño240,55929.383
National Unity Party165,57720.222
Nationalist People's Coalition90,07511.001
Total496,21160.616
Uniteam AlliancePartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan106,02112.95
Nacionalista Party42,7875.23
People's Reform Party22,2212.71
Independent25,9613.17
Total196,99024.06
National Unity Party80,0459.78
Liberal Party34,4414.21
People's Reform Party6,6870.82
Independent4,3300.530
Total818,704100.006

1st District

[edit]

Manny Lopez is the incumbent. His opponents are Ernesto "Ernix" Dionisio Jr. and former Congressman Benjamin "Atong" Asilo.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 1st District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Ernesto "Ernix" Dionisio Jr. 88,327 44.66
PDP–Laban Manny Lopez (incumbent) 74,991 37.92
Liberal Benjamin "Atong" Asilo 34,441 17.42
Total votes 197,759 100.00
Asenso Manileño gain from PDP–Laban

2nd District

[edit]

Rolan Valeriano is the incumbent. His opponent is former Congressman Carlo Lopez.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 2nd District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
NUP Rolan Valeriano (Incumbent) 70,146 62.11
Nacionalista Carlo Lopez 42,787 37.89
Total votes 112,933 100.00
NUP hold

3rd District

[edit]

Incumbent Yul Servo is not seeking reelection to run for Vice Mayor. His party's nominee is incumbent city majority floor leader and Councilor Joel Chua. His opponents are former Councilor and incumbent Barangay 299 Captain Ramon Morales and Clark Field Arroño III.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 3rd District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Joel Chua 68,946 67.78
PDP–Laban Ramon Morales 31,030 30.50
Independent Clark Field Arroño III 1,748 1.72
Total votes 101,724 100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

4th District

[edit]

Edward Maceda is the incumbent. His opponents are former Congresswoman Trisha Bonoan-David and Christopher Gabriel, both happened to be his challengers in 2019.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 4th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
NPC Edward Maceda (Incumbent) 90,075 73.40
Independent Trisha Bonoan-David 25,961 21.15
PRP Christopher Gabriel 6,687 5.45
Total votes 122,723 100.00
NPC hold

5th District

[edit]

Amanda Cristina "Cristal" Bagatsing is the incumbent. Her opponent is Councilor Irwin Tieng.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 5th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Irwin Tieng 83,286 50.99
NUP Amanda Christina "Cristal" Bagatsing (incumbent) 80,045 49.01
Total votes 163,331 100.00
Asenso Manileño gain from NUP

6th District

[edit]

Benny Abante is the incumbent. His opponents are Romualdo "Bal" Billanes and Antonio Sityar II.

2022 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 6th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
NUP Benny Abante (Incumbent) 95,431 79.37
PRP Romualdo Billanes 22,221 18.48
Independent Antonio Sityar II 2,582 2.15
Total votes 120,234 100.00
NUP hold

City Council

[edit]
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño2,950,97668.5634
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan424,5159.860
Nacionalista Party83,9431.950
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas38,7460.900
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan6,0130.140
Independent20,7110.480
Total573,92813.330
Team AmadoPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan106,3952.470
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran35,9090.830
Total142,3043.310
Liberal Party110,8232.570
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives91,4562.120
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan46,0431.070
United Nationalist Alliance9,3890.220
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma8,6710.200
Partido Maharlika7,7960.180
Independent362,7648.432
Ex officio seats2
Total4,304,150100.0038

1st District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 1st district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Jesus "Taga" Fajardo Jr.(Incumbent) 116,225 12.70
Asenso Manileño Erick Ian "Banzai" Nieva (Incumbent) 115,362 12.61
Asenso Manileño Niño Dela Cruz 107,597 11.76
Asenso Manileño Moises "Bobby" Lim (Incumbent) 101,466 11.09
Asenso Manileño Irma Alfonso-Juson (Incumbent) 101,222 11.06
Asenso Manileño Martin "Marjun" Isidro Jr. 98,247 10.74
Liberal Alexander "Mokong" Tan 93,580 10.23
PROMDI Peter Ong 84,527 9.24
PDP–Laban Eugenio "Atty. Eugene" Santiago Jr. 39,310 4.44
PDP–Laban Marcelino "Papa P" Pedrozo Jr. 38,093 4.16
PDP–Laban Edgardo "Edgar" Solis 26,207 2.86
Independent Joel Gungon 21,108 2.31
PDP–Laban Brian "Bisaya" Mondejar 17,245 1.88
Liberal Victor "Toto" Baldisimo 17,243 1.88
UNA Ferdinand "Ferdie" Sandoval 9,389 1.03
Independent Sylvia Felisa Manansala 8,444 0.92
Independent Michael De Leon 7,778 0.85
Reporma Mark Ian Halili 6,355 0.69
Independent Gilbert Tello 4,053 0.44
Independent Dominador "Dom" Estabillo Jr. 2,900 0.32
Total votes 1,016,351 100.00
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño640,11962.986
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan120,85511.890
Independent7,7780.770
Total128,63312.660
Liberal Party110,82310.900
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives84,5278.320
United Nationalist Alliance9,3890.920
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma6,3550.630
Independent36,5053.590
Total1,016,351100.006

2nd District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 2nd district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Ruben "Dr. J" Buenaventura 77,305 8.79
Asenso Manileño Numero "Uno" Lim (Incumbent) 75,756 8.61
Asenso Manileño Darwin "Awi" Sia (Incumbent) 69,505 7.90
Asenso Manileño Roma Paula "Roma" Robles (Incumbent) 65,247 7.42
Independent Rodolfo "Ninong" Lacsamana 64,732 7.36
Asenso Manileño Macario "Macky" Lacson (Incumbent) 60,290 6.85
Asenso Manileño Edward Tan (Incumbent) 59,318 6.74
Nacionalista Ivy Varona 32,007 3.64
Nacionalista Reynulfo "Dok" Sy 25,489 2.90
Nacionalista Roneil Sanguyo 12,695 1.44
Independent Alfonso "Atty. Ponching" Orioste Jr. 11,566 1.31
Nacionalista Alexander "Alex" Javalla 9,106 1.04
Nacionalista Rolando "Boyet" Evangelista 4,646 0.53
Independent Charles Michael "Mike" Rivera 4,290 0.49
Independent Oscar "Daddybear" Baria III 3,338 0.38
Total votes 575,290 100.00
PartyVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño407,42170.825
Nacionalista Party83,94314.590
Independent83,92614.591
Total575,290100.006

3rd District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 3rd district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Johanna Maureen "Apple" Nieto-Rodriguez (Incumbent) 81,675 9.29
Asenso Manileño Pamela "Fa" Fugoso (Incumbent) 76,729 8.72
Asenso Manileño Ernesto "Jong" Isip Jr. (Incumbent) 75,038 8.53
Asenso Manileño Timothy Oliver "Tol" Zarcal 67,020 7.62
Asenso Manileño Terrence Alibarbar (Incumbent) 65,117 7.40
Asenso Manileño Arlene "Maile" Atienza 64,713 7.36
PDP–Laban Jose "Joey Uy" Jamisola 39,180 4.45
PDP–Laban Johnny "Rollin' J" Dela Cruz 18,781 2.14
PFP Nino Anthony Magno 15,666 1.78
PDP–Laban Ernesto "Caloy" Cruz Jr. 14,940 1.70
PDP–Laban Nelson Ty 9,053 1.03
PDP–Laban Aileen Rosales 7,398 0.84
Independent Roderick Aurello 6,841 0.78
Independent Roberto "Robert" Diaz 5,391 0.61
Independent Bernie Manikan 5,087 0.58
Independent Anthony De Guzman 4,349 0.49
Independent Henryson Melon 3,036 0.35
Reporma Valentin "Kuya Jun" Landicho 2,316 0.26
Independent Norland Azon Gacutan 2,286 0.26
Total votes 564,616 100.00
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño430,29276.216
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan55,6319.850
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas15,6662.770
Total71,29712.630
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan33,7215.970
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma2,3160.410
Independent26,9904.780
Total564,616100.006

4th District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 4th district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Louisito "Doc Louie" Chua (Incumbent) 90,242 13.81
Asenso Manileño Krystle Marie "Krys" Bacani (Incumbent) 79,501 12.17
Asenso Manileño Joel "JTV" Villanueva (Incumbent) 73,937 11.32
Asenso Manileño Don Juan "DJ" Bagatsing (Incumbent) 67,717 10.36
Asenso Manileño Science Reyes (Incumbent) 66,592 10.19
Asenso Manileño Louisa Marie "Lady" Quintos 65,477 10.02
Independent Don Jose Javier "Havy Habagat" Bagatsing 42,874 6.56
PDP–Laban Christian Mark "Xtian" Floriendo 34,229 5.24
PDP–Laban Bimbo Eduardo "Bimbo" Quintos XVI 32,966 5.05
PDP–Laban Adonis "Carlo" Dela Cruz 17,601 2.69
PDP–Laban Jorge Andrew "Kanto Boy" Lopez 16,177 2.48
PDP–Laban Raquel "Jing" Gabriel 12,322 1.89
Independent Kevin Cosme 9,912 1.52
PROMDI Emil Bryan "BT" Toledo 6,929 1.06
Independent Edwin Cosme 6,476 0.99
Independent Vicente "Vic" Alejaga 6,128 0.94
Independent Benjamin "Benjie" Cosme 5,915 0.91
Independent Jazel Panganiban 5,267 0.81
Independent Aldwin Hamilton "Konsi Al" Tan 4,610 0.71
PDP–Laban Rosemarie "Rosemar" Tan 4,383 0.67
Independent John Matrimonio 2,091 0.32
Independent Mary Ann "Inay" Victori 1,981 0.3
Total votes 653,327 100.00
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño443,46667.886
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan105,35616.130
Independent4,6100.710
Total109,96616.830
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan12,3221.890
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives6,9291.060
Independent80,64412.340
Total653,327100.006

5th District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 5th district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Laris Borromeo (Incumbent) 99,812 11.35
Asenso Manileño Ricardo "Boy" Isip Jr. (Incumbent) 96,145 10.93
Asenso Manileño Raymundo "Mon" Yupangco (Incumbent) 95,027 10.80
Asenso Manileño Charry Ortega (Incumbent) 90,955 10.34
Asenso Manileño Jaybee "Atty. Jaybee" Hizon 87,792 9.98
Independent Roberto "Bobby" Espiritu II 85,685 9.74
Asenso Manileño Daniel Nikko Atienza 79,031 8.98
KABAKA Roderick Valbuena 35,909 4.08
PDP–Laban Felix Tobillo Jr. 29,135 3.31
PDP–Laban Jaime Co Jr. 22,493 2.56
Independent Rubee Ruth "Atty. Rubee" Cagasca 22,343 2.54
PDP–Laban Ariel Dakis 22,019 2.50
PDP–Laban Nathaniel "Kuya Nathan" Rellon 17,773 2.02
PDP–Laban Ronald "Ronnie" Canlas 14,975 1.70
PFP Marilou "Malou" Ocsan 10,803 1.23
PFP Mahra Lorraine Tamondong 8,114 0.92
PM Strausser "Bistek" Tugnao 7,796 0.89
PDDS Gladina "Manay Glady" Villar 6,013 0.68
PFP Ronaldo "DJ Ron" Cruz 4,163 0.47
Independent Anthony Solh Avila 4,042 0.46
Independent Rufino Cantil Jr. 3,236 0.37
Independent Wenifredo Limit 2,999 0.34
Independent Injim Bacalso Bunayog 2,594 0.29
Total votes 848,854 100.00
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño548,76264.655
Team AmadoPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan106,39512.530
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran35,9094.230
Total142,30416.760
UniTeam ManilaPartido Federal ng Pilipinas23,0802.720
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan6,0130.710
Total29,0933.430
Partido Maharlika7,7960.920
Independent120,89914.241
Total848,854100.006

6th District

[edit]
2022 Manila City Council election at the 6th district of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Luis "Joey" Uy 85,309 13.21
Asenso Manileño Carlos "Caloy" Castañeda (Incumbent) 85,228 13.20
Asenso Manileño Salvador "Philip" Lacuna (Incumbent) 82,076 12.71
Asenso Manileño Luciano "Lou" Veloso (Incumbent) 77,856 12.06
Asenso Manileño Benny Fog Abante III 75,271 11.66
Asenso Manileño Elmer "Joel" Par 75,176 11.64
PDP–Laban Pablo Dario "Chikee" Ocampo 38,985 6.04
PDP–Laban Fernando "Doc" Mercado 38,833 6.01
PDP–Laban Cherry Veloira 30,025 4.65
PDP–Laban Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" Crespo 20,597 3.19
PDP–Laban Fernando "Fernan" Vergel 14,233 2.20
Independent Owen Morales 8,323 1.29
Independent Ernesto Go Jr. 5,646 0.87
Independent Melvin Miranda 4,416 0.68
Independent Luisito Claudio 3,738 0.58
Total votes 645,712 100.00
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño480,91674.486
UniTeam ManilaPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan142,67322.100
Independent8,3231.290
Total150,96623.380
Independent13,8002.140
Total645,712100.006

Aftermath

[edit]

Alex Lopez filed an electoral protest against Honey Lacuna's mayoral victory, alleging “electoral frauds, irregularities, and anomalies” within the election. On October 6, 2022 The Commission on Elections dismissed the protest, citing the lack of evidence as well as the usage of baseless claims. Lacuna welcomed the decision.[18][19]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Depasupil, William (September 4, 2021). "Incumbent Metro Manila mayors to win if elections held today – survey". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  2. ^ Ranada, Pia (September 21, 2021). "Isko Moreno to run for president in 2022". Rappler. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c De Leon, Dwight (September 22, 2021). "Honey Lacuna seeks to succeed Isko Moreno as Manila mayor – sources". Rappler. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  4. ^ "Marcos gets support of son of late Manila Mayor Mel Lopez". Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  5. ^ "ATIENZA, LACUNA TO BE RE-ELECTED -- SWS SURVEY". Social Weather Stations. May 7, 2001. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  6. ^ "Raymond Bagatsing to run for vice mayor of Manila, faces off with Yul Servo". ABS-CBN News. October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  7. ^ Clapano, Jose Rodel (July 21, 2019). "Erap Estrada to run again for Manila mayor". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  8. ^ Sarao, Zacarian (September 2, 2021). "PDP-Laban Cusi wing names Rep. Lopez as Manila mayoral candidate". Inquirer.net. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  9. ^ "Lopez umatras sa pagka-alkalde sa Maynila". Remate (in Tagalog). October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  10. ^ a b PUBLiCUS (May 3, 2022). "Local Election Preferences Report: April 25-28, 2022". PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  11. ^ a b PUBLiCUS (April 19, 2022). "NCR LOCAL ELECTION PREFERENCES REPORT: April 8-13, 2022 – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  12. ^ "RP- Mission... - RP- Mission and Development Foundation Inc". www.facebook.com. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  13. ^ Layson, Mer (March 15, 2022). "10 incumbent Metro Manila mayor muling mananalo - Survey". PhilStar.com (in Filipino). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  14. ^ PUBLiCUS (March 2, 2022). "Incumbents, dynasties dominate lopsided NCR mayoral races – PAHAYAG NCR Election Tracker Survey – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  15. ^ Punongbayan, Michael (February 14, 2022). "Metro mayors seeking reelection top survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  16. ^ "Re-electionists still dominate NCR survey". PhilStar.com. January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  17. ^ Mateo, Janvic (December 8, 2021). "Reelectionists top choice in most NCR mayoralty races – survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  18. ^ Mendoza, John Eric (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks poll protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  19. ^ UNTALAN, SHERYLIN (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks electoral protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 18, 2022.