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Badnavirus

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Badnavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Ortervirales
Family: Caulimoviridae
Genus: Badnavirus
Cocoa-tree showing swollen diseased stem
Swollen stem infection

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.[1][2]

Taxonomy

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The following species are recognized:[3]

Structure

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Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.[1]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Badnavirus Bacilliform T=3 Non-enveloped Circular Monopartite

Life cycle

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Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Badnavirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Nucleus Cytoplasm Mechanical inoculation: mealybugs; mechanical; wounds; seed

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ^ "Genus: Badnavirus - Caulimoviridae - Reverse Transcribing DNA and RNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)".[dead link]
  3. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
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