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List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands includes only those species known to have established self-sustaining breeding populations as a direct or indirect result of human intervention. A complete list of all non-native species ever imported to the islands, including those that never became established, would be much longer. In the following list, ^ indicates a species indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands but introduced to an area or areas outside its known native range, * indicates a formerly established population that is now extirpated, and parenthetical notes describe the specific islands where each species is known to be established.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Francolinus francolinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22678719A131903818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678719A131903818.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.

Sources

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  • American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 829 pp.
  • Berger, Andrew J. 1981. Hawaiian birdlife. 2nd edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 260 pp.
  • Long, John L. 1971. Introduced birds of the world: the worldwide history, distribution, and influence of birds introduced to new environments. Universe Books, New York. 528 pp.