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Petalophyllum

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Petalophyllum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Marchantiophyta
Class: Jungermanniopsida
Order: Fossombroniales
Family: Petalophyllaceae
Genus: Petalophyllum
Nees & Gottsche ex Lehmann
Species

Petalophyllum, or petalwort,[1] is a genus of liverworts in the order Fossombroniales.[2]

The plants are small, reaching lengths of up to about 15 mm (0.6 in), and thallose; that is, the plant is not differentiated into root, stem, and leaf. The thallus consists of a midrib flanked by two wings that bear leaf-like lamellae on their dorsal surface. The ventral surface bears rhizoids and two rows of small scales.[3]

Petalophyllum is dioicous. The gametangia are individually subtended by extensions of the dorsal lamellae. Antheridia occur in rows or clusters near the apex of the thallus. Archegonia are clustered and surrounded by a pesudoperianth. Asexual reproduction occurs via apical tubers.[3]

Species

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Petalophyllum lives primarily in seasonally dry habitats on disturbed soils and sand dunes in North America, western Europe, northern Africa, India, New Zealand, and Western Australia. There are currently five recognized species:[3][4]

References

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  1. ^ Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
  2. ^ Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Stotler, R.E., and Long, D.G. 2009. Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, vo. 66, no. 1, p. 155-198.
  3. ^ a b c Crandall-Stotler, B.J. 2017. "Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication, Petalophyllaceae". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 4 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Stotler, R.E. and Crandall-Stotler, B.J. "Bryophytes: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts". Bryophyte Research. Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Retrieved 4 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Evans, A.W. 1919. Notes on North American Hepaticae - VIII. Bryologist, vol. 22, p. 54-73.
  6. ^ Ford, C.H. and Crandall-Stotler, B.J. 2002. Contributions toward a monograph of Petalophyllum (Marchantiophyta). Novon, vol. 12, p. 334-337.
  7. ^ a b Glenny, D., Fife, A.J., Brownsey, P.J., Renner, M.A., Braggins, J.E., Beever, J.E. and Hitchmough, R. 2011. Threatened and uncommon bryophytes of New Zealand (2010 Revision). New Zealand Journal of Botany, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 305-327.
  8. ^ a b De Lange, P.J., Glenny, D., Braggins, J.E., Renner, M., von Konrat, M., Engel, J.J., Reeb, C. and Rolfe, J.R. 2015. Conservation status of New Zealand hornworts and liverworts, 2014. Publishing Team, Department of Conservation.
  9. ^ Mehra, P.N. and Vashisht, B.R. 1950. Embryology of Petalophyllum indicum Kash. and a new suggestion of the evolution of thalloid habit from foliose forms. The Bryologist, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 90-114.
  10. ^ Rumsey, F.J., Vogel, J.C. and Russell, S.J. 2001. A study of genetic variation in the threatened hepatic Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees and Gottsche (Fossombroniaceae). Conservation Genetics, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 271-277.
  11. ^ "1395 Petalwort, "Petaolphyllum ralfsii"". Joint Nature Conservation Committee, U.K. Retrieved 4 September 2017.