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'{{BLP sources|date=October 2011}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Yuan Tseh Lee <br> 李遠哲 |image = Yuan T. Lee 1-1.jpg |image_size = 220px |caption = Lee in lab, taken October 21, 1986 |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|11|19}} |birth_place = Shinchiku City, [[Shinchiku Prefecture]], [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese Taiwan]] |residence = Taiwan |nationality = [[Japan]] (1936~1945), [[Taiwan]] (1945~), [[United States]] (1974~1994) |field = [[Chemistry]] |work_institutions = [[University of California, Berkeley]]<br/>[[University of Chicago]]<br>[[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]<br>[[Academia Sinica]] (Taiwan) |alma_mater = [[National Taiwan University]] (B.Sc.)<br>[[National Tsing Hua University]] (M.S.)<br>[[University of California, Berkeley]] (Ph.D) | doctoral_advisor =[[Bruce H. Mahan]] |prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1986)<br>[[National Medal of Science]] (1986)<br>[[Peter Debye Award]] (1986)<BR> [[Othmer Gold Medal]] (2008) }} '''Yuan Tseh Lee''' ({{zh|t=李遠哲|s=李远哲|p=Lǐ Yuǎnzhé|w=Li³ Yüan³-che²|poj=Lí Oán-tiat|first=t}}; born November 19, 1936) is a [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] [[chemist]]. He was the first Taiwanese [[Nobel Prize]] laureate, who, along with the [[Hungary|Hungarian]]-[[Canada|Canadian]] [[John C. Polanyi]] and American [[Dudley R. Herschbach]] won the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1986 "for their contributions to the dynamics of chemical elementary processes". Lee's particular [[Physical chemistry]] work was related to the use of advanced [[chemical kinetics]] techniques to investigate and manipulate the behavior of chemical reactions for relative large molecules using [[crossed molecular beam]]s. From January 15, 1994 to October 19, 2006, Lee served as the President of the [[Academia Sinica]] of [[Taiwan]]. In 2011, he was elected head of the [[International Council for Science]]. ==Early life== Deez nutz was born in Shinchiku City (modern-day [[Hsinchu]]) in northern [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese Taiwan]] to [[Lee Tze-fan]], an accomplished Shinchiku-born [[artist]], and Ts'ai P'ei (蔡配 Cài Péi), an [[elementary school]] [[teacher]] from Goseikō Town (梧棲港街), [[Taichū Prefecture]] (now [[Wuqi District|Wuqi]], [[Taichung]]). Lee played on the [[baseball]] and [[ping-pong]] teams of Hsinchu Elementary School (新竹國小), and later studied at the [[Hsinchu Senior High School]] (新竹高中), where he played [[tennis]] and [[trombone]]. Due to his achievements in high school, he entered [[National Taiwan University]] without taking the [[entrance examination]] and earned a [[B.Sc.]] in 1959. He earned an [[Master of Science|M.S.]] at [[National Tsing Hua University]] in 1961 and [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1965. He was a member of the Chemistry International Board from 1977 to 1984. ==Contributions to chemistry== In February 1967, he started working with [[Dudley Herschbach]] at [[Harvard University]] on reactions between [[hydrogen]] atoms and diatomic [[alkali]] molecules and the construction of a universal crossed molecular beams apparatus. After the postdoctoral year with Herschbach he joined the [[University of Chicago]] faculty in 1968. In 1974, he returned to Berkeley as professor of chemistry and principal investigator at the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]], becoming a U.S. citizen the same year. Lee is a University Professor Emeritus of the [[University of California]] system. ==Road to Nobel prize== One of the major goals of [[chemistry]] is the study of material transformations where [[chemical kinetics]] plays an important role. Scientists during the 19th century stated macroscopic chemical processes consist of many elementary chemical reactions that are themselves simply a series of encounters between [[atom]]ic or [[molecule|molecular species]]. In order to understand the time dependence of [[chemical reaction]]s, [[physical chemistry|chemical kineticists]] have traditionally focused on sorting out all of the elementary chemical reactions involved in a macroscopic chemical process and determining their respective rates. [[Swedish people|Swedish]] chemist [[Svante Arrhenius]] studied this phenomenon during the late 1880s, and stated the relations between reactive molecular encounters and [[rate of reaction|rates of reactions]] (formulated in terms of [[activation energy|activation energies]]). Other scientists at the time also stated a chemical reaction is fundamentally a [[mechanical event]], involving the rearrangement of atoms and molecules during a [[collision]]. Although these initial theoretical studies were only qualitative, they heralded a new era in the field of chemical kinetics; allowing the prediction of the dynamical course of a chemical reaction. In the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, with the development of many sophisticated experimental techniques, it became possible to study the dynamics of elementary chemical reactions in the laboratory. Such as, the analysis of the threshold operating conditions of a chemical [[laser]] or the [[spectrum|spectra]] obtained using various linear or non-linear laser spectroscopic techniques. Professor's Lee's research focused on the possibility to control the energies of the reagents, and to understand the dependence of chemical reactivity on molecular orientation, among other studies related to the nature of reaction intermediates, [[nuclear decay|decay]] dynamics, and identifying complex [[reaction mechanism]]s. To do so, Professor Lee used a breakthrough [[laboratory technique]] at the time, called the ''"crossed molecular beams technique"'', where the information derived from the measurements of [[angular distribution|angular]] and velocity distributions allowed him and his team to understand the dynamics of elementary chemical reactions. ==Political role== Lee played an important role during the [[Republic of China presidential election, 2000|2000 Presidential Election]] and since then has been a supporter of the [[Pan-green coalition]] which advocates Taiwan independence. In the last week of the election he announced his support for the candidacy of [[Chen Shui-bian]] who subsequently won a narrow victory over [[James Soong]]. Chen intended to nominate Lee to become [[Premier of the Republic of China|Premier]], but Lee declined after a few days of deliberation. Lee has been the President of the Academia Sinica since 1994 and renounced his U.S. citizenship to take the post.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/tai_gang_ao/2006-10/24/content_5243247.htm|title=诺贝尔奖得主卸任 "李远哲时代" 黯然落幕|work=News.cn|date=24 October 2006}}</ref> At the request of President Chen, Lee was the [[Republic of China]]'s [[List of Chinese Taipei Representatives to APEC|representative]] in the 2002 [[APEC]] leaders' summit in [[Mexico]]. ([[President of the Republic of China|Presidents of the Republic of China]] have been barred from joining the APEC summits because of objections from the [[People's Republic of China]].) Lee represented President Chen again in the 2003 and 2004 APEC summits in [[Thailand]] and [[Chile]], respectively. {{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} In January 2004, he and industrial tycoon [[Wang Yung-ching]] and theatre director [[Lin Hwai-min]] issued a joint statement asking both Chen Shui-bian and [[Lien Chan]] to "drop hatred and extreme behavior and resort to honesty." This, and other critical statements of the President, led to speculation that he would not back Chen again in the [[ROC presidential election, 2004|2004 elections]] until he issued a statement of support for the DPP on March 17, 3 days before polls opened. He was elected President of the [[International Council for Science]] in 2008, to start his term in 2011.<ref>{{Wayback |date=20090325222812 |url=http://www.icsu.org/3_mediacentre/RELEASES/ICSU_29GA_Pres_Elect_&_EB_Press_Release.pdf |title=Nobel Prize winning scientist elected as future President of the International Council for Science }}. International Council for Science. 7 November 2008</ref> During the [[Republic of China presidential election, 2012|2012 Republic of China Presidential elections]], Lee expressed his support for DPP candidate [[Tsai Ing-Wen]]. ==Recent works== During his tenure, Lee has worked to create new research institutes, advance scientific research within Taiwan, and to recruit and cultivate top [[scholars]] for the [[Academia Sinica|Academic Sinica]]. However, Lee has been criticized by some for his involvement in educational reforms that they claim to have put unnecessary burden and administrative complications on the students and reduced competitiveness of higher education. Some critics also claim that Lee should stick to the sciences and stop using his Nobel pedigree to influence educational and political policies, areas with which they asserted he is not familiar. {{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} In 2010, Lee said that global warming would be much more serious than scientists previously thought, and that Taiwanese people needed to cut their per-capita carbon emissions from the current 12 tons per year to just three. This would take more than a few slogans, turning off the lights for one hour, or cutting meat consumption, noting: "We will have to learn to live the simple lives of our ancestors." Without such efforts, he said, "Taiwanese will be unable to survive long into the future". {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} He has been involved with the Malta Conferences, an initiative designed to bring together Middle Eastern scientists. As part of the initiative, he offered six fellowships to work on the synchrotron in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lerman|first1=Zafra|title=From Fighting for Human Rights to Building a Bridge to Peace|journal=Science & Diplomacy|date=02.10.15|volume=4|issue=1|url=http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/letter-field/2015/fighting-for-human-rights-building-bridge-peace}}</ref> ==Personal life== Lee married Bernice Wu Chin-li (吳錦麗 Wú Jǐnlì), whom he has known since elementary school. They have three children: Ted, Sidney, and Charlotte. In 2003, he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the [[Humanism and Its Aspirations|Humanist Manifesto]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers | title=Notable Signers | publisher=American Humanist Association | work=Humanism and Its Aspirations | accessdate=October 2, 2012}}</ref> ==Other== [[File:Yuan Tseh Lee HD2008 Othmer Gold Medal portrait.JPG|thumb|right|Yuan Tseh Lee, Othmer Gold Medal recipient, 2008]] Lee was one of the four Nobelists who established the [[Wu Chien-Shiung]] Foundation. In addition to the Nobel Prize, his awards and distinctions include [[Sloan Fellow]] (1969); Fellow of [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1975); Fellow Am. Phys. Soc. (1976); [[Guggenheim Fellow]] (1977); Member [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] (1979); Member [[International Academy of Science]], Member [[Academia Sinica]] (1980); E.O. Lawrence Award (1981); Miller Professor, Berkeley (1981); Fairchild Distinguished Scholar (1983); Harrison Howe Award (1983); Peter Debye Award (1986); [[National Medal of Science]] (1986). Yuan Tseh Lee was awarded the [[Othmer Gold Medal]] in 2008 in recognition of his outstanding contributions to progress in chemistry and science.<ref name=2008UCB>{{cite news|title=Chemical Heritage Foundation to Present 2008 Othmer Gold Medal to Yuan Tseh Lee|url=http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/publications/news/2008/2008_othmer_gold_medal.php|accessdate=12 June 2014|work=College of Chemistry|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|date=26 February 2008}}</ref><ref name=2008ASE>{{cite news|title=Academician Yuan Tseh Lee Awarded 2008 Othmer Gold Medal by Chemical Heritage Foundation|url=http://newsletter.sinica.edu.tw/en/news/read_news.php?nid=580|accessdate=12 June 2014|work=Academica Sinica E-News|publisher=Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China|date=2008}}</ref><ref name=CHFAll>{{cite web|title=Past Winners of the Othmer Gold Medal |url=http://www.chemheritage.org/visit/events/awards/heritage-day-awards/past-winners--othmer.aspx|publisher=[[Chemical Heritage Foundation]]|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Publications== *Lee, Y. T. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0285&numPages=15&fp=N "Crossed Molecular Beam Studies and Dynamics of Decomposition of Chemically Activated Radicals"], [[University of Chicago]], [[United States Department of Energy]] (through predecessor agency the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]]), (September 1973). *Lee, Y. T. & S. J. Sibener. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0286&numPages=14&fp=N "Internal Energy Dependence of Molecular Condensation Coefficients Determined from Molecular Beam Surface Scattering Experiments"], [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]], [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[United States Department of Energy]], (May 1978). *Lee, Y. T., Sibener, S. J. & R. J. Buss. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0287&numPages=17&fp=N "Development of a Supersonic Atomic Oxygen Nozzle Beam Source for Crossed Beam Scattering Experiments"], [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]], [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[United States Department of Energy]], (May 1978). *Lee, Y. T., Baseman, R. J., Guozhong, H. & R. J. Buss. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0288&numPages=10&fp=N "Reaction Mechanism of Oxygen Atoms with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by the Crossed-Molecular-Beams Method"], [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]], [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[United States Department of Energy]]-Office of Basic Energy Science, (April 1982). *Lee, Y. T. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0289&numPages=20&fp=N "Molecular-beam Studies of Primary Photochemical Processes"], [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]], [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[United States Department of Energy]], (December 1982). *Lee, Y. T., Continetti, R. E. & B. A. Balko. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0290&numPages=15&fp=N "Molecular Beam Studies of Hot Atom Chemical Reactions: Reactive Scattering of Energetic Deuterium Atoms"], [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]], [[United States Department of Energy]], (February 1989). *Lee, Y.T., [http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/7992 "Energy, Environment, and the Responsibility of Scientists"], (2007). ==External links== {{commons category}} * [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/ytlee.html Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources], from the [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]], [[United States Department of Energy]] * [http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1986/lee-bio.html Nobel bio] * [http://www.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/east/03/14/taiwan.election.01/ CNN:Taiwanese Nobel laureate offers to be peace envoy to China] * [http://www.sinica.edu.tw/as/asbrief.html#lee Academia Sinica profile] * [http://chem.berkeley.edu/faculty/emeriti/lee.html Lee page at Berkeley] * [http://vega.org.uk/video/programme/284 A video interview with Yuan T. Lee] {{Authority control}} {{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1976-2000}} {{Alumni of Nobel Laureates from Taiwan's Universities}} {{Winners of the National Medal of Science|chemistry}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME =Lee, Yuan T. | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Taiwanese chemist | DATE OF BIRTH =November 19, 1936 | PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Hsinchu City]], [[Taiwan]] | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Yuan T.}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Faraday Lecturers]] [[Category:Harvard University faculty]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Members of Academia Sinica]] [[Category:Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]] [[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]] [[Category:National Taiwan University alumni]] [[Category:National Tsing Hua University alumni]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]] [[Category:People from Hsinchu]] [[Category:Physical chemists]] [[Category:Taiwanese chemists]] [[Category:Taiwanese emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Taiwanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]] [[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]] [[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]]'