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'{{Unreferenced|date=October 2008}} {{Politics of Greece}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}} The '''Greek Senate''' ({{lang-el|Γερουσία}}, ''[[Gerousia]]'') was the upper chamber of the [[parliament]] in [[Greece]], extant several times in the country's history. ==Local senates during the War of Independence== During the early stages of the [[Greek War of Independence]], prior to the establishment of a centralized administration, a number of [[Greek local statutes|regional councils]] were established, most of which were termed "senate", but which were unicameral bodies: the [[Senate of Western Continental Greece]], the [[Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece]] (sometimes referred to as "senate"), and the [[Peloponnesian Senate]]. ==1829–1833== {{main|Greek Senate (1829)}} A unicameral body with purely advisory functions, the Senate was established in 1829 by the [[Fourth National Assembly at Argos]] in replacement of the ''{{ill|el|Panellinion|Πανελλήνιον}}'', established the previous year. It had 27 members, 21 of whom were chosen by the Governor ([[Ioannis Kapodistrias]]) from 63 candidates nominated by the Assembly, and further six who were appointed directly by the Governor. [[Georgios Sisinis]] was elected as its president. After Kapodistrias' murder in 1831, the Senate appointed a series of governing councils to lead the state. In 1832, the [[Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion]] abolished the Senate, but the Senate refused to recognize the act, and survived until the arrival of King [[Otto of Greece|Otto]] in February 1833. ==1844–1864== The Senate as an upper chamber was established by the [[Greek Constitution of 1844]]. The Senate had 27 members, appointed for life by the King, who in addition could appoint further members up to one half of the statutory number. The Senate, seen as a reactionary body and essentially dependent upon the King, was abolished by the [[Greek Constitution of 1864]]. ==1927–1935== [[File:Greek Parliament, Chamber of Senate.jpg|thumb|The Chamber of the Senate in the Hellenic Parliament.]] On 2 January 1924, the Fourth National Assembly convened and decided the abrogation of the dynasty as well as the abolition of the crowned democracy (a decision which was ratified by [[Greek republic referendum, 1924|referendum]] on 13 April 1924), establishing the [[Second Hellenic Republic]]. Whilst the Fourth Constitutional Assembly was working towards the completion of the new Constitution, the coup d'état of General [[Theodoros Pangalos (general)|Theodoros Pangalos]] took place. After the fall of his dictatorship in 1926, the "Parliament of the First Term" was elected, which, finally, voted through the [[Greek Constitution of 1927|Constitution of 1927]]. Legislative power was exercised by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Chamber was made up of 200-300 members elected for a four-year term by direct, secret and universal ballot. The Senate was composed of 120 members elected for a nine-year term, but its synthesis was renewed every three years by 1/3. At least 9/12 of the senators were elected by the people, 1/12 by the Chamber and the Senate in a common session at the onset of each parliamentary term, whereas the remaining 2/12 were elected on the basis of a principle of representation of the professions. In the event of disagreement between the two houses in the voting of a law, the Constitution established the supremacy of the Chamber's vote. Another significant element was the explicit institution of the parliamentary system. For the first time, the Greek Constitution included a clause stating that the Cabinet must "enjoy the confidence of the Parliament". The Second Hellenic Republic lasted until 1935. That year, as a result of a [[1935 Greek coup d'état attempt|failed coup]] by the supporters of Venizelos, the military was purged, and the royalists, led by [[Georgios Kondylis]], launched a {{ill|el|October 1935 Greek coup d'état{{!}}successful coup on 10 October|Κίνημα Κονδύλη 10ης Οκτωβρίου 1935}}. The Constitution of 1927 was abolished, the [[Greek Constitution of 1911|Constitution of 1911]] was re-instated, and King [[George II of Greece|George II]] came back to the throne by a [[Greek monarchy referendum, 1935|referendum]]. == Ionian Senate == [[File:Museum of Asian art of Corfu 323.JPG|thumb|left|Meeting room of the [[Ionian Senate]], in the [[Palace of St. Michael and St. George]], [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]].]] {{Commonscat|Ionian Senate}} Although not a part of the [[Kingdom of Greece]], there was also an upper house called the '''''[[Ionian Senate]]''''' in the [[Septinsular Republic]] (1800-1815) and [[United States of the Ionian Islands]] (1815-1864), under Russian, French and British Protectorates. During most of its history it was housed at the [[Palace of St. Michael and St. George]] in [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]], where its meeting room can still be seen with the original furniture. The six chairs are for its six members: * the President of the Senate * one delegate for each of the major four islands ([[Corfu]], [[Lefkada]], [[Kefalonia]] and [[Zakynthos]]) * one delegate rotating between the minor three ([[Paxi]], [[Ithaca]] and [[Kythira]]) ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1829 establishments in Greece]] [[Category:1832 disestablishments]] [[Category:1844 establishments in Greece]] [[Category:1864 disestablishments]] [[Category:1927 establishments in Greece]]<!-- re-established --> [[Category:1935 disestablishments]] [[Category:National upper houses|Greece]] [[Category:Political history of Greece]] [[Category:Defunct upper houses]] [[Category:Greek Senate|*]]'