Examine individual changes

'{{short description|French pharmaceutical company}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}} {{Infobox company | name = Sanofi S.A. | logo = [[File:Sanofi.svg|150px]] | type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Société Anonyme]] | traded_as = {{Euronext|SAN|FR0000120578|XPAR}}<br>{{nyse|SNY}}<br>[[CAC 40|CAC 40 Component]] | key_people = [[Serge Weinberg]]<small> (Chairman)</small>, [[Olivier Brandicourt]] <small>(CEO)</small>, Jean-François Dehecq <small>(Original Founder)</small> | industry = [[Pharmaceutical industry|Pharmaceutical]]s | products = [[Prescription drug|Prescription]] and [[over-the-counter drug]]s for [[thrombosis]], [[cardiovascular disease]], [[diabetes]], [[central nervous system]] disorders, [[oncology]] and [[internal medicine]], [[vaccine]]s ([[#Products|list...]]) | revenue = {{increase}} [[Euro|€]]34.46 billion (2018)<ref name="ar2016">{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2018|url=https://www.sanofi.com/-/media/Project/One-Sanofi-Web/Websites/Global/Sanofi-COM/Home/common/docs/investors/Sanofi-20-F-2018-EN-PDF-e-accessible_01.pdf?la=en&hash=01DDD931FD5ED27B270AF443C65EA3D2C2768D8B|accessdate=2017-02-25|language=en|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} €4.67 billion (2018)<ref name="ar2016" /> | net_income = {{increase}} €4.41 billion (2018)<ref name="ar2016" /> | assets = {{increase}} €111.40 billion (2018)<ref name="ar2016" /> | equity = {{increase}} €59.03 billion (2018)<ref name="ar2016" /> | num_employees = 110,000 (2018)<ref name="factsheet">{{cite web|title=Sanofi 2016 Factsheet|url=http://en.sanofi.com/Images/49242_EN_SANOFI_MEMENTO_FEV2017_WEB.pdf|publisher=Sanofi S.A.|accessdate=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225205850/http://en.sanofi.com/Images/49242_EN_SANOFI_MEMENTO_FEV2017_WEB.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | subsid = [[Sanofi Pasteur]]<br>[[Genzyme]]<br>[[Shantha Biotechnics]]<br>[[Chattem]]<br>[[Zentiva]] (2009 – 2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Zentiva (CZ)|url=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentiva|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2019}}<br>Medley<br>Nichi-Iko | homepage = {{URL|http://www.sanofi.com/}} | intl = | foundation = 20 August 2004 (by acquisition) as Sanofi Aventis<br />6 May 2011 as Sanofi | location = 54, Rue La Boétie, 75008 Paris, [[France]] | area_served = Worldwide }} '''Sanofi S.A.''' is a French [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical company]] headquartered in Paris, [[France]], as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by [[Prescription drug|prescription]] sales.<ref>Eric Palmer and Carly Helfand for FiercePharma. 4 March 2014 [http://www.fiercepharma.com/special-reports/top-10-pharma-companies-2013-revenue#ixzz2y9cVWuGd The top 10 pharma companies by 2013 revenue]</ref> The company was formed as '''Sanofi-Aventis''' in 2004 by the merger of Aventis and Sanofi-Synthélabo, which were each the product of several previous mergers. It changed its name to Sanofi in May 2011. The company is a component of the [[Euro Stoxx 50]] [[stock market index]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro+stoxx+50+EU0009658145/constituents|title=Börse Frankfurt (Frankfurt Stock Exchange): Stock market quotes, charts and news|website=www.boerse-frankfurt.de|accessdate=23 May 2017}}</ref> Sanofi engages in the [[research and development]], manufacturing and marketing of [[pharmaceutical drugs]] principally in the prescription market, but the firm also develops [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter medication]]. The company covers seven major therapeutic areas: [[Circulatory system|cardiovascular]], [[central nervous system]], [[diabetes]], [[internal medicine]], [[oncology]], [[thrombosis]] and [[vaccine]]s (it is the world's largest producer of the latter through its subsidiary [[Sanofi Pasteur]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/11/23/afx4368351.html|title=Sanofi-Aventis to sign deal to build flu vaccine plant in China - source|date=23 November 2007|work=[[AFX News]]|publisher=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=2009-04-19}}</ref> ==History== ===Sanofi-Synthélabo=== Sanofi was founded in 1973<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprises/le-fondateur-de-sanofi-est-mort_1366122.html|title=Le fondateur de Sanofi est mort|work=lexpress.fr|accessdate=4 June 2015|date=2012-12-28}}</ref> as a subsidiary of [[Elf Aquitaine]] (a French oil company subsequently acquired by [[Total S.A.|Total]]), when Elf Aquitaine took control of the Labaz group, a pharmaceutical company formed in 1947 by Societe Belge de l'Azote et des Produits Chimiques du Marly;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Ar0AAAAMAAJ|title=CPE. Chemical & Process Engineering|last=|first=|date=1964|publisher=L. Hill|isbn=|location=|pages=83|language=en}}</ref> Labaz developed [[benziodarone]] in 1957.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ev1sAAAAMAAJ|title=Drug discovery: the evolution of modern medicines|last=Sneader|first=Walter|date=1985-09-13|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471904717|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|146}} In 1993 Sanofi made a move into the Eastern Europe market by acquiring a controlling interest in Chinoin, a Hungarian drug company that had about US$104 million in sales in 1992.<ref name=PL1993>Staff, The Pharma Letter. Sept 20, 1993 [http://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/sanofi-extends-holding-in-chinoin Sanofi Extends Holding in Chinoin]</ref><ref>[http://www.securities.com/php/company-profile/HU/Chinoin_Zrt_en_1441051.html Chinoin listing in at securities.com] Page accessed 5 February 2016</ref> In that same year, Sanofi's made its first significant venture into the U.S., and strengthened its presence in Eastern Europe, by first partnering with [[Sterling Drug|Sterling Winthrop]] and then acquiring the prescription pharmaceuticals business in 1994.<ref name=PL1993/><ref name=SterlingHist>{{cite journal|first1 = Joseph C.|last1 = Collins|first2 = John R.|last2 = Gwilt|journal = [[Bull. Hist. Chem.]]|url = http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/bulletin_open_access/v25-1/v25-1%20p22-27.pdf|title = The Life Cycle of Sterling Drug, Inc.|volume = 25|issue = 1|year = 2000|pages = 22–27}}</ref> Sanofi was incorporated under the laws of France in 1994 as a ''société anonyme'', a form of limited liability company.<ref name=20F-2002>Sanofi-Synthélabo [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1121404/000095010903003612/d20f.htm#tx363_10 Form 20F for the Fiscal Year ended 31 December 2002]</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Synthélabo]] was founded in 1970 through the merger of two French pharmaceutical laboratories, Laboratoires Dausse (founded in 1834) and Laboratoires Robert & Carrière (founded in 1899). In 1973, the French cosmetics group [[L’Oréal]] acquired the majority of its share capital.<ref name=20F-2002/>{{rp|19}} In 1991, Synthelabo acquired Laboratories Delalande<ref>Denis Cosnard for Les Echos. 11 December 1991. [http://www.lesechos.fr/11/12/1991/LesEchos/16033-043-ECH_synthelabo-s-offre-delalande.htm#rdL6MOWh8K053a95.99 Synthélabo s'offre Delalande]</ref> and Laboratoires Delagrange, and through this deal picked up the product [[metoclopramide]].<ref>Denis Conard for Les Echos. 17 October 1991 [http://www.lesechos.fr/17/10/1991/LesEchos/15996-035-ECH_synthelabo-rachete-les-laboratoires-delagrange.htm Synthélabo rachète les laboratoires Delagrange]</ref><ref>Bibliothèque nationale de France [http://data.bnf.fr/12198004/laboratoires_delagrange/ Laboratoires Delagrange] Page accessed 24 August 2016</ref> Sanofi-Synthélabo was formed in 1999 when Sanofi merged with Synthélabo; at the time of the merger Sanofi was the second largest pharmaceutical group in France in terms of sales and Synthélabo was the third largest. The merged company was based in Paris, France.<ref name=20F-2002/>{{rp|18–19}}<ref>Tom Meek for PMLiVE 24 May 2013 [http://www.pmlive.com/pharma_news/a_look_back_at_sanofis_merger_with_synthelabo_477146 A look back at Sanofi's merger with Synthélabo]</ref> The merged companies focused on pharmaceuticals, divesting several businesses soon after the merger, including beauty, diagnostics, animal health and nutrition, custom chemicals, and two medical equipment businesses.<ref name=20F-2002/>{{rp|19}} ===Aventis=== [[File:Aventis logo.png|left]] Aventis was formed in 1999 when French company [[Rhône-Poulenc]] S.A. merged with the German corporation [[Hoechst Marion Roussel]], which itself was formed from the 1995 merger of [[Hoechst AG]] with [[Cassella]], [[Roussel Uclaf]] and [[Marion Merrell Dow]]. The merged company was based in [[Schiltigheim]], near [[Strasbourg]], France.<ref name=Aventis-Form20F2002>Aventis [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/807198/000104746903008314/a2103938z20-f.htm Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2002]</ref>{{rp|13}}<ref name=Bris>Arturo Bris and Christos Cabolis, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.365.5937&rep=rep1&type=pdf Corporate Governance Convergence Through Cross-Border Mergers The Case of Aventis], Chapter 4 in [https://books.google.com/books/about/Corporate_Governance_and_Regulatory_Impa.html?id=Cfc22UYifJQC Corporate Governance and Regulatory Impact on Mergers and Acquisitions: Research and Analysis on Activity Worldwide Since 1990]. Eds Greg N. Gregoriou, Luc Renneboog. Academic Press, 26 July 2007</ref>{{rp|9–11}}<ref name=Burns>Lawton Robert Burns [https://books.google.com/books?id=JPEgAwAAQBAJ&dq The Business of Healthcare Innovation] Cambridge University Press, 26 July 2012</ref>{{rp|40–41}} At the time of the merger, Rhône-Poulenc's business included the pharmaceutical businesses Rorer, Centeon (blood products), and [[Sanofi Pasteur|Pasteur Merieux]] (vaccines), the plant and animal health businesses Rhône-Poulenc Agro, Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, and [[Merial]], and a 67 percent share in [[Rhodia (company)|Rhodia]], a speciality chemicals company.<ref name=Bris/>{{rp|10}} Hoechst, one of the companies resulting from the post-WWII split of [[IG Farben]], had seven primary businesses: Hoechst Marion Roussel (pharmaceuticals), [[AgrEvo]] (a joint venture with [[Schering AG|Schering]] in crop protection agents and pest control products), HR Vet (veterinary products), [[Dade Behring]] (diagnostics), Centeon, [[Celanese]] (chemicals), and Messer (chemicals).<ref name=Bris/>{{rp|9}} [[Institut Mérieux|Merieux]] has been in the business of selling blood products, and In the 1980s during the [[History of HIV/AIDS#1981: From GRID to AIDS|AIDS epidemic]], Merieux and other companies were involved in scandals related to HIV-[[contaminated haemophilia blood products]] that were sold to developing nations.<ref name = NYTimes1996>{{cite news | title = Blood, Money and AIDS: Haemophiliacs Are Split; Liability Cases Bogged Down in Disputes | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/11/business/blood-money-aids-hemophiliacs-are-split-liability-cases-bogged-down-disputes.html | first = Barry | last = Meier | date = 1996-06-11 | work = The New York Times }}</ref> In mid 2000 Aventis and [[Millennium Pharmaceuticals]], a US biotechnology company formed to discover new drugs based on the then-new science of [[genomics]], announced that Aventis would make a $250M investment in Millennium and would pay $200M to Millennium in research fees over five years, one of the largest such deals between a big pharmaceutical company and a biotech company at the time.<ref>Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. 24 June 2000 [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/24/business/international-business-aventis-unit-sets-big-investment-biotechnology-start-up.html Aventis Unit Sets Big Investment in Biotechnology Start-Up]</ref> In late 2000, in the midst of the [[StarLink corn recall|recall of Starlink]], its [[genetically modified maize]] product, Aventis announced that it had determined to sell off Aventis Cropscience, the seed and pesticide business unit it had created from the agriculture businesses of its predecessors.<ref>New York Times, 16 November 2000 [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/16/business/aventis-to-sell-agriculture-unit.html Aventis to Sell Agriculture Unit]</ref> In October 2001, [[Bayer]] and Aventis announced that Bayer would acquire the unit for about $6.6 billion, with the unit becoming [[Bayer CropScience]] and making Bayer the world's second-largest agrochemical company behind [[Syngenta]].<ref>CNN Money. 2 October 2001 [http://cnnfn.cnn.com/2001/10/02/europe/bayer/ Bayer buys CropScience]</ref> In 2003 Aventis entered into a collaboration with [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]], a New York biotechnology company, to develop Regeneron's [[VEGF]]-inhibiting drug, [[aflibercept]], in the field of cancer, which was then in [[Phases of clinical research|Phase I]] clinical trials. Aventis invested $45 million in Regeneron and made an upfront payment of $80 million in cash.<ref>Candace Hoffmann for First Word Pharma. 8 September 2003 [http://www.firstwordpharma.com/node/215613#axzz2yoOgZJHQ Aventis inks deal with Regeneron for collaboration on cancer therapy]</ref> Regeneron partnered the drug with [[Bayer Healthcare]] in the field of proliferative eye diseases, and under the name Eylea it was approved by the FDA in 2011;<ref>{{cite web|first= John | last= Gever |url= http://www.medpagetoday.com/Ophthalmology/GeneralOphthalmology/29811 |title=FDA Approves Eylea for Macular Degeneration |publisher=MedpageToday.com |date=19 November 2011 |accessdate=2013-10-16}}</ref> after several setbacks in clinical trials,<ref>Ciombor KK et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3710732/?report=classic Aflibercept] Clin Cancer Res. 15 Apr 2013; 19(8): 1920–1925. {{PMID|23444216}}</ref> Regeneron and Sanofi got the drug approved in metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with other agents, under the brand name ZALTRAP in 2012.<ref name=ZaltrapFDA>{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ApprovedDrugs/ucm314438.htm |title=Ziv-Aflibercept| work=FDA Drug Approvals Database |publisher=Food and Drug Administration |date=3 August 2012 |accessdate=2013-10-16}}</ref> ====Sanofi-Aventis merger==== Sanofi-Aventis was formed in 2004 when Sanofi-Synthélabo acquired Aventis. In early 2004, Sanofi-Synthélabo made a [[Takeover|hostile takeover]] bid worth €47.8 billion for Aventis. Initially, Aventis rejected the bid because it felt that the bid offered inferior value based on the company's share value, and the board of Aventis went so far as to enact [[Shareholder rights plan|poison pill]] provisions and to invite [[Novartis]] to enter merger negotiations.<ref>Heather Timmons for the New York Times. 3 April 2004 [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/03/business/international-business-aventis-invites-novartis-to-counter-sanofi-s-bid.html Aventis Invites Novartis To Counter Sanofi's Bid]</ref> The three-month takeover battle concluded when Sanofi-Synthélabo launched a friendly bid of €54.5 billion in place of the previously rejected hostile bid. The [[France|French]] government played a strong role, desiring what it called a "local solution", by putting heavy pressure on Sanofi-Synthélabo to raise its bid for Aventis and for Aventis to accept the offer<ref>Heather Timmons for the New York Times. 27 April 2004 [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/27/business/france-helped-broker-the-aventis-sanofi-deal.html France Helped Broker the Aventis-Sanofi Deal]</ref> and by rejecting Aventis' poison pill proposal.<ref>New York Times 24 April 2004 [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/24/business/aventis-plan-is-rejected.html Aventis Plan Is Rejected]</ref> One of the largest risks in the deal for both sides, was the fate of the patents protecting [[Clopidogrel]] (Plavix) which was one of the top-selling drugs in the world at the time and the major source of Sanofi's revenue.<ref>Kimberly S Cleaves and Ann M Thayer [http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/mdd/v07/i08/pdf/804business2.pdf Warning, merge with care: Sanofi-Aventis] Modern Drug Discovery, August 2004:21-26</ref> ===Post-merger activities=== In 2006, Iraqis infected with HIV sued Sanofi and Baxter due to HIV-[[contaminated haemophilia blood products]] sold by Merieux in the 1980s.<ref>Paul von Zielbauer for the New York Times. 4 September 2006 [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/world/middleeast/04aids.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Iraqis Infected by H.I.V.-Tainted Blood Try New Tool: A Lawsuit]</ref> In 2006 the US patents on [[clopidogrel]] (Plavix) were challenged when a Canadian generics company, [[Apotex]], filed an [[Abbreviated New Drug Application]] under the [[Hatch-Waxman Act]], received FDA approval, and started marketing a generic clopidogrel. While Sanofi-Aventis and its partner on the drug, [[Bristol Myers Squibb]] (BMS), were able to get an injunction to stop Apotex from selling the drug,<ref>BMS Press Release. 8 December 2006 [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/preliminary-injunction-against-apotex-upheld-on-appeal-56053592.html Preliminary Injunction Against Apotex Upheld on Appeal]</ref> the case became complicated when settlement negotiations fell apart twice - the second time due to an [[oral agreement]] made by BMS CEO Peter Dolan that BMS failed to disclose to the [[Federal Trade Commission]] during the review of the settlement agreement to ensure that it did not violate [[antitrust]] law. When Apotex disclosed the oral agreement to the FTC, the FTC launched an investigation that led to Dolan being fired by BMS.<ref>Aaron Smith for CNNMoney.com 26 October 2006 [http://money.cnn.com/2006/09/12/news/companies/bristol/index.htm?postversion=2006091217 Bristol CEO Dolan gets fired: Company says it heeded request of a federal monitor]</ref> Apotex finally lost on the patent litigation issues after its third appeal was decided in favor of BMS/Sanofi in November 2011; Apotex had to pay ~$442 million in damages and ~$108 million in interest for infringing the patent,<ref>Donald Zuhn for Patent Docs. 9 November 2011 [http://www.patentdocs.org/2011/11/sanofi-aventis-v-apotex-inc-fed-cir-2011.html Sanofi-Aventis v. Apotex Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2011)]</ref> which it paid in full by February 2012.<ref>Linda a. Johnson for Associated Press 8 February 2012 [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/Apotex-pays-Bristol-Sanofi-apf-2142059502.html Apotex pays Bristol, Sanofi damages over Plavix] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305060611/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Apotex-pays-Bristol-Sanofi-apf-2142059502.html |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> Apotex also sued BMS and Sanofi for $3.4 billion for allegedly breaching the settlement agreement, and Apotex lost a jury trial in March 2013.<ref>Carolina Bolado for Law360 14 March 2013. [http://www.law360.com/articles/423792/bristol-myers-escapes-3-4b-apotex-suit-over-plavix-deal Bristol-Myers Escapes $3.4B Apotex Suit Over Plavix Deal]</ref> In 2007 Sanofi-Aventis expanded on Aventis' prior relationship with [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]]; in the new deal Sanofi-Aventis agreed to pay Regeneron $100 million each year for five years, under which Regeneron would use its [[monoclonal antibody]] [[drug discovery|discovery]] platform to create new [[biopharmaceuticals]], which Sanofi-Aventis gained the exclusive right to co-develop.<ref name=RegenExpand>Ron Winslow for the Wall Street Journal. 10 Nov. 2009 [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703808904574528224003357650 Sanofi Expands Regeneron Deal]</ref> In 2009 the companies expanded the deal to $160 million per year and extended it through 2017.<ref name=RegenExpand/><ref name=GEN2009>Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. 11 Nov 2009 [http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/sanofi-aventis-commits-over-2-8b-to-regeneron-in-mab-discovery-alliance/68174500/ Sanofi-Aventis Commits Over $2.8B to Regeneron in mAb Discovery Alliance]</ref> As of 2009 the collaboration had four antibodies in clinical development and had filed an IND for a fifth. Two were against undisclosed targets, one targeted the [[interleukin-6]] [[Cell surface receptor|receptor]] as a treatment for [[rheumatoid arthritis]], another targeted [[nerve growth factor]] for the treatment of pain, and another targeted [[DLL4|delta-like ligand 4]] as a treatment of cancer.<ref name=GEN2009/> Between 2008, when Chris Viebacher was hired as CEO, and 2010, the company spent more than $17 billion in mergers and acquisitions to strengthen its consumer healthcare and generics platforms, especially in emerging markets, in the face of looming [[patent cliff]]s and the growth of the consumer healthcare segment.<ref>FierceBiotech. [http://www.fiercebiotech.com/special-reports/sanofi-aventis-timeline-biopharma-deals Sanofi-Aventis: A timeline of biopharma deals]</ref><ref>Andy Tisman for IMS Health 2010 [http://www.imshealth.com/deployedfiles/ims/Global/Content/Solutions/Healthcare%20Measurement/Consumer%20Health%20Insights/The_Rising_Tide_Of_OTC_Europe.pdf The Rising Tide of OTC in Europe]</ref><ref name=Chattem/> In September, [[Zentiva]] was acquired for €1.8 billion, expanding the group's eastern European markets presence.<ref>New York Times. 22 September 2008 [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/22/business/worldbusiness/22iht-drug.4.16376740.html Sanofi-Aventis to buy Czech generic drug maker]</ref> In 2009, Medley Farma, the third largest pharmaceutical company in Brazil and a leading generics company in that country, was acquired for about $635 million.<ref name=Law360Medley>Leigh Kamping-Carder for Law360. 20 May 2010 [http://www.law360.com/articles/169962/brazil-clears-sanofi-s-635m-medley-pharma-buy Brazil Clears Sanofi's $635M Medley Pharma Buy]</ref> Sanofi outbid [[Teva Pharmaceuticals]].<ref>Gareth Macdonald for PharmaTechnologist, 15 April 2009 [http://www.in-pharmatechnologist.com/Regulatory-Safety/Sanofi-beats-Teva-in-Medley-melee Sanofi beats Teva in Medley melee]</ref> The deal was approved by Brazil's antitrust authorities in May 2010.<ref name=Law360Medley/> Later that year, Indian vaccine manufacturer [[Shantha Biotechnics]] was acquired for $784 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/sanofi-snaps-indias-shantha-784m/2009-07-27|title=Sanofi snaps up India's Shantha for $784M|work=FierceBiotech}}</ref> In October Sanofi-Aventis announced that it would lay off about 1,700 US employees (about 25% of its US workforce) due to restructuring triggered by growing generic competition and other factors, and that the company would focus its US operations on diabetes, atrial fibrillation and oncology.<ref>Thomas Gryta and Mimosa Specer for the Wall Street Journal. Updated 9 Oct. 2010 [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704657304575540024140661094 Sanofi Cuts Jobs, Counters Genzyme]</ref> In 2010 U.S. consumer healthcare company [[Chattem|Chattem, Inc.]] was acquired for around $1.9 billion.<ref name=Chattem>Reuters, 21 December 2009 [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/22/business/global/22drug.html Drug Maker Sanofi-Aventis Buys Chattem for $1.9 Billion]</ref> In the same year, Nepentes Pharma was acquired for $130 million and BMP Sunstone Corporation for $520.6 million.<ref>Phil Serafino for Bloomberg News. 28 October 2010 [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-28/sanofi-aventis-to-buy-bmp-sunstone-for-520-6-million.html Sanofi-Aventis to Buy BMP Sunstone to Expand in China]</ref> ===Rename to Sanofi and beyond=== The company dropped the -Aventis suffix of its name on 6 May 2011 after receiving approval at its [[annual general meeting]]. The reason given by the company for the change was to make its name easier to pronounce in countries such as China.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mennella|first=Noelle|title=Sanofi changes name, pace of acquisitions to slow|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/06/sanofi-idUSLDE74521Z20110506|accessdate=7 May 2011|date=6 May 2011|agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In 2011 [[Genzyme Corporation]] was acquired for around $20.1 billion. This biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts specializes in the treatment of [[orphan diseases]], renal diseases, endocrinology, oncology and biosurgery.<ref>Chris V. Nicholson for the New York Times' Dealbook. 16 February 2011 [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/sanofi-agrees-to-buy-genzyme-for-at-least-20-1-billion/ Sanofi Agrees to Buy Genzyme for $20.1 Billion]</ref> In January 2012, Sanofi co-invested in the $125 million [[Series A round|Series A financing]] of Warp Drive Bio. Sanofi sought support for its internal cancer research program and also took on an obligation to acquire Warp Drive if certain milestones were met.<ref>Arlene Weintraub for Xconomy. 10 January 2012 [http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2012/01/10/warp-drive-bio-launches-with-125m-from-third-rock-greylock-sanofi/?single_page=true Warp Drive Bio Launches With $125M from Third Rock, Greylock, Sanofi]</ref> In January 2014, Genzyme and [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]], a US biotechnology company developing [[RNAi]] therapeutics, announced that Genyzme would invest $700 million in Alnylam. Under the deal, Genzyme obtained further rights to patisiran, an RNAi treatment for [[transthyretin]]-mediated [[amyloidosis]] - a condition that can result in [[familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy]] and familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy -<ref>Alnylam, [http://www.alnylam.com/product-pipeline/ttr-amyloidosis-fap/ TTR Amyloidosis (FAP)]</ref> and obtained rights to other compounds in Alnylam's pipeline.<ref>Chad Bray for the New York Times' Dealbook. 13 January 2014 [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/13/sanofi-unit-to-buy-700-million-stake-in-rare-disease-company/ Sanofi Unit to Buy $700 Million Stake in Rare Disease Company]</ref> In March 2014 Sanofi joined the bidding for Merck & Co.’s over-the-counter health-products unit, the maker of [[Coppertone (sunscreen)|Coppertone]] sunblock and [[Pseudoephedrine/loratadine|Claritin]] allergy medicine; bids were expected to range between $10 billion and $12 billion.<ref>Bloomberg News [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-24/sanofi-said-to-join-bidders-for-merck-s-consumer-health-business.html] 24 March 2014</ref> In October 2014, Sanofi's directors fired US-resident chief executive Chris Viehbacher, blaming his alleged lack of communication with the board and poor execution of his strategy.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/29/us-sanofi-sa-management-idUSKBN0II0BH20141029 ''French drugmaker Sanofi sacks CEO, shares drop'', Natalie Huet and Noëlle Mennella, Reuters news agency, New York 29 October 2014].Retrieved: 6 July 2015.</ref> Board chairperson Serge Weinberg took over as interim CEO until 2 April 2015 when [[Bayer|Bayer Healthcare]] board chairperson [[Olivier Brandicourt]] (appointed by Sanofi on 19 February 2015<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425041931/http://en.sanofi.com/NasdaQ_OMX/LOCAL/press_releases/sanofi___sanofi_appoints_olivi_1896027_19-02-2015!22_45_00.aspx ''Sanofi : Sanofi Appoints Olivier Brandicourt as Chief Executive Officer'', Sanofi corporate website, 19 February 2015].Retrieved: 6 July 2015.</ref>) took over. Before Brandicourt even started his new job, French government ministers [[Stéphane Le Foll]] and [[Ségolène Royal]] attacked the $4.5 million [[golden handshake]] he was getting from Sanofi - and his pay of about $4.7 million a year.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/pharmalot/2015/02/24/french-government-slams-sanofi-over-brandicourt-pay-package/ French Government Slams Sanofi Over Brandicourt Pay Package], ''The Wall Street Journal'', 24 February 2015].Retrieved: 6 July 2015.</ref> Further, in 2014, the business took a 66% stake in Globalpharma, Dubai-based generics manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Palmer|title=Sanofi buys Dubai's Globalpharma to produce generics in the Middle East|url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/supply-chain/sanofi-buys-dubai-s-globalpharma-to-produce-generics-middle-east|date=2014-06-26|publisher=Questex LLC.|accessdate=2017-02-24|language=en}}</ref> In July 2015, [[Genzyme]] announced it would acquire the rare cancer drug Caprelsa ([[vandetanib]]) from [[AstraZeneca]] for up to $300 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/genzyme-to-buy-caprelsa-from-astrazeneca-for-up-to-300m/81251554/|title=Genzyme to Buy Caprelsa from AstraZeneca for Up to $300M - GEN News Highlights - GEN|website=Genengnews.com|date=2015-07-27}}</ref> In the same month In July 2015, the company announced a new global collaboration with [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]] to discover, develop, and commercialise new immuno-oncology drugs, which could generate more than $2 billion for Regeneron,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/regeneron-sanofi-launch-2b-immuno-oncology-collaboration/81251558/|title=Regeneron, Sanofi Launch $2B+ Immuno-Oncology Collaboration - GEN News Highlights - GEN|website=Genengnews.com|date=2015-07-28}}</ref> with $640 million upfront, $750 million for proof of concept data and $650 million from the development of [[REGN2810]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/struggling-sanofi-paying-18b-partner-regeneron-immuno-oncology/2015-07-28|title=UPDATED: Struggling Sanofi paying $1.8B to partner with Regeneron on immuno-oncology |website=FierceBiotech.com}}</ref> In June 2016, the company announced it had struck an asset-swap deal with [[Boehringer Ingelheim]], Sanofi would sell its [[Merial]] animal health division (valuing it at €11.4 billion), whilst acquiring Boehringers consumer health division (valuing it at €6.7 billion) and €4.7 billion in cash. The deal means Sanofi is now one of the global consumer healthcare leaders by market share.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/aiming-for-top-dog-status-sanofi-and-boehringer-swap-animal-and-consumer-health-units|title=Aiming for top dog status, Sanofi and Boehringer swap animal and consumer health units |website=FiercePharma.com}}</ref> In July 2017, the company announced its intention to acquire Protein Sciences, a privately held, Connecticut-based vaccines biotechnology company, for $650 million and with up to $100 million in milestone achievements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mediaroom.sanofi.com/sanofi-to-acquire-protein-sciences/|title=Sanofi - Sanofi to acquire Protein Sciences - Sanofi|website=mediaroom.sanofi.com}}</ref> In January 2018, Sanofi announced that it would acquire [[Bioverativ]] for $11.6 billion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biotech-m-a/biotech-ma-takes-off-as-sanofi-and-celgene-spend-20-billion-idUSKBN1FB20V|title=Biotech M&A takes off as Sanofi and Celgene spend $20 billion|first=Ben|last=Hirschler|newspaper=Reuters|date=2018-01-22}}</ref> and days later announced it would acquire [[Ablynx]] for €3.9 billion ($4.8 billion).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ablynx-m-a-sanofi/sanofi-beats-novo-to-buy-ablynx-for-3-9-billion-euros-in-biotech-ma-boom-idUKKBN1FI0PJ|title=Sanofi beats Novo to buy Ablynx for $4.8 billion in biotech M&A boom|first=Matthias|last=Blamont|newspaper=Reuters|date=2018-01-30}}</ref> ===Company financials=== {| class="wikitable" |+ Historical financial data (in billions of [[euro]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2005 on SEC Filing Form 20-F|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1121404/000119312506069546/d20f.htm|date=2006-03-31|publisher=Sanofi|accessdate=2017-02-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2010 on SEC Filing Form 20-F|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1121404/000119312511050947/d20f.htm|date=2011-03-01|publisher=Sanofi|accessdate=2017-02-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2015 on SEC Filing Form 20-F|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1121404/000119312516493072/d246196d20f.htm|date=2016-03-04|publisher=Sanofi|accessdate=2017-02-22|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ar2016" /> ! Year !! 2001 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 |- | Revenue || 6.069 || 7.448 || 8.048 || 14.87 || 27.31 || 28.37 || 28.05 || 27.57 || 29.31 || 30.38 || 33.39 || 34.95 || 30.97 || 31.69 || 34.54 || 33.82 |- | Net Income || 1.098 || 1.640 || 1.865 || -3.665 || 2.202 || 4.006 || 5.263 || 3.851 || 5.265 || 5.467 || 5.646 || 4.888 || 3.716 || 4.390 || 4.287 || 4.800 |- | Assets || 18.23 || 17.36 || 17.42 || 82.85 || 86.24 || 77.76 || 71.91 || 71.99 || 80.25 || 85.26 || 100.7 || 100.4 || 96.06 || 97.39 || 102.3 || 104.7 |- | Equity || 12.75 || 12.60 || 12.74 || 41.63 || 46.40 || 45.60 || 44.54 || 44.87 || 48.32 || 53.10 || 56.19 || 57.35 || 56.9 || 56.12 || 58.05 || 57.72 |} <small>Note. In 2001—2004 — Sanofi-Synthélabo, in 2004—2011 — Sanofi-Aventis.</small> ===Acquisition history=== The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers, acquisitions and historical predecessors: {{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:110% |thickness=0 |label1=<span style="font-size:100%;">Sanofi</span><!-- LEVEL 1--> |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1={{nowrap|Sanofi–Aventis}} |1={{clade |label1=[[Aventis]]<br/><small>(Merged 2004)</small><!-- LEVEL 2--> |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1= {{clade |label1={{nowrap|[[Rhône-Poulenc]]}}<br/><small>(Merged 1999)</small> |1={{clade |1=Rorer |2=Centeon |3=Pasteur Merieux |4=Rhône-Poulenc Agro |5=Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition |6=[[Merial]] |7=[[Rhodia (company)|Rhodia]] }} |2= {{clade |label1=[[Hoechst Marion Roussel]] |1={{clade |1=Hoechst Marion Roussel |2=[[AgrEvo]] |3=HR Vet |4=[[Dade Behring]] |5=Centeon |6=[[Celanese]] |7=Messer }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=Aventis Cropscience<br/><small>(Spun off 2000)</small> }} }} |label2={{nowrap|[[Sanofi-Synthélabo]]}}<br/><small>(Merged 1999)</small><!-- LEVEL 2--> |2= {{clade |label1=Sanofi |1={{clade |2=[[Sterling Drug|Sterling Winthrop]]<br/><small>(Acq 1994)</small> |1= {{clade |1= Sanofi<br/><small>(Founded 1973 as subsidiary of [[Elf Aquitaine]])</small> |2= Midy<br/><small>(Founded 1717)</small> }} }} |2= {{clade |label1=[[Synthélabo]] |1={{clade |1=Laboratoires Dausse<br/><small>(Founded 1834, merged 1970)</small> |2=Robert & Carrière<br/><small>(Founded 1899, merged 1970)</small> }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Zentiva]]<br/><small>(Acq 2008)</small> |2={{clade |1=Sicomed SA Bucharest<br/><small>(Acq 2005)</small> |2={{clade |1=Leciva Slovakofarma<br/><small>(Acq 2003)</small> }} }} }} |label2= |2= {{clade |1=Medley Farma<br/><small>(Acq 2009)</small> }} }} |label2= |2= {{clade |1=[[Shantha Biotechnics]]<br/><small>(Acq 2009)</small> }} }} |label2= |2= {{clade |1=[[Chattem]]<br/><small>(Acq 2010)</small> }} }} |label2= |2= {{clade |1= Nepentes Pharma<br/><small>(Acq 2010)</small> }} }} |label2= |2= {{clade |1= BMP Sunstone Corporation<br/><small>(Acq 2010)</small> }}}} |label2=[[Genzyme Corporation]] <small>(Acq 2011)</small> |2= {{clade |1= {{clade |1=Whatman Biochemicals Ltd<br/><small>(Acq 1981)</small> |2= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Koch-Light Laboratories<br/><small>(Acq 1982)</small> |3= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=[[Integrated Genetics]]<br/><small>(Acq 1989, IPO 1991)</small> |4= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Genecore International<br/><small>(Diagnostic enzyme div, Acq 1991)</small> |5= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Medix Biotech, Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 1992)</small> |6= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Enzymatix Ltd<br/><small>(Acq 1992)</small> |7= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Vivigen<br/><small>(Acq 1992)</small> |8= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Virotech<br/><small>(Acq 1993)</small> |9= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Omni Res srl<br/><small>(Acq 1993)</small> |10= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Sygena Ltd<br/><small>(Acq 1994)</small> |11= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=BioSurface Technology Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 1994)</small> |12= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=TSI Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 1994)</small> |13= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=PharmaGenics, Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 1997)</small> |14= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1= Biomatrix <br/><small>(Acq 2000)</small> |15= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=SangStat Medical Corp.<br/><small>(Acq 2003)</small> |16= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Ilex Oncology Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 2004)</small> |17= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1=Bone Care International Inc.<br/><small>(Acq 2005)</small> |18= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1= AnorMED Inc. <br/><small>(Acq 2006)</small> |19= {{clade |label1=&nbsp; |1= Bioenvision <br/><small>(Acq 2007)</small> }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |label2= |2= {{clade |1= {{font color|black|Merial}}<br/><small>{{font color|black|(Asset swap with [[Boehringer Ingelheim]] for their Consumer Healthcare div, 2016)}}</small> |state1=dashed |2=[[Boehringer Ingelheim]]<br/><small>(Consumer Healthcare div, 2016)</small> |state2=dashed }}}} |label2= |2= {{clade |1= Protein Sciences<br/><small>(Acq 2017)</small> }}}} |label2=[[Bioverativ]] <small>(Acq 2018)</small> |2= {{clade |1= True North Therapeutics<br/><small>(Acq 2017)</small> }}}} |label2= |2= {{clade |1= [[Ablynx]]<br/><small>(Acq 2018)</small> }}}}}} ==Products== ===Prescription medications=== ====Autoimmune==== *[[Epinephrine autoinjector]] (Auvi-Q in the US and Allerject in Canada), licensed from Intelliject<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaleopharma.com/intelliject-inc-receives-fda-approval-for-auvi-qtm-epinephrine-injection-usp/|title=kaléo|website=kaléo}}</ref> and approved by the FDA in 2012 for emergency treatment of life-threatening [[allergic reactions]].<ref>Katie Thomas for the New York Times. 1 February 2013 [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/business/auvi-q-challenges-epipen-with-a-new-shape-and-size.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all Brothers Develop New Device to Halt Allergy Attacks]</ref> *[[Teriflunomide]] (Aubagio), small molecule for [[multiple sclerosis]]. Approved by the FDA in September 2012.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm319277.htm |title=FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment Aubagio |publisher=US FDA |accessdate=2012-09-14}}</ref> '''Product recall and effects''': The Epinephrine auto-injection devices made by Sanofi SA currently on the market in the U.S. and Canada were voluntarily recalled on 28 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/allerject-epinephrine-auto-injectors-recalled-by-drugmaker-sanofi-1.3293765|title=All Allerject epinephrine auto-injectors recalled|website=Cbc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allerject.ca/Common/docs/en/Sanofi-Canada-Issues-Voluntary-Recall-of-Allerject.pdf|title=Sanofi Canada Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Allerject Due to Potential Inaccurate Dosage Delivery|website=Allerject.ca|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> The reason stated by Sanofi was that the products have been found to potentially have inaccurate dosage delivery, which may include failure to deliver drug.<ref name="auvi-q.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.auvi-q.com/|title=Auvi-Q® (epinephrine injection, USP)|website=Auvi-q.com}}</ref><ref name="fda.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm469980.htm|title=Recalls, Market Withdrawals, & Safety Alerts - UPDATED: Sanofi US Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of All Auvi-Q® Due to Potential Inaccurate Dosage Delivery|first=Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of the|last=Commissioner|website=www.fda.gov|accessdate=23 May 2017}}</ref> Sanofi US also added the following warning: If a patient experiencing a serious allergic reaction (i.e., anaphylaxis) did not receive the intended dose, there could be significant health consequences, including death because anaphylaxis is a potentially life‑threatening condition.<ref name="auvi-q.com"/> In its news release on 28 October 2015, Sanofi Canada stated that it was "actively working with suppliers of alternative epinephrine auto-injectors to have a full stock available in Canada as soon as possible. Canadian customers were asked to immediately return the Allerject product to their local pharmacy to obtain an alternate epinephrine auto-injector."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/sanofi-canada-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-of-allerject-due-to-potential-inaccurate-dosage-delivery-538090301.html|title=Sanofi Canada Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Allerject® Due to Potential Inaccurate Dosage|website=Newswire.ca}}</ref> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also filed a news release<ref name="fda.gov"/> confirming that the recall involves all Auvi-Q currently on the market in the U.S. The FDA release went on to provide information for consumers re: exchanging the device for another brand of product, also provided on the Auivi-Q web site. Sanofi US will provide reimbursement for out of pocket costs incurred for the purchase of new, alternate epinephrine auto-injectors with proof of purchase. The alternate products expected to most commonly replace the recalled Sanofi devices are the EpiPens made by [[Mylan]] in the US and by Pfizer—under license from Mylan—in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.epipen101.ca/en/welcome|title=Welcome to EpiPen® 101|website=Epipen101.ca|date=2015-03-19}}</ref> Mylan already had an 85% market share of the auto-injectors in the US<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-23/how-marketing-turned-the-epipen-into-a-billion-dollar-business|title=How Marketing Turned the EpiPen Into a Billion-Dollar Business|first=Cynthia Koons CynthiaLKoons Robert Langreth RobertLangreth|last=Reprints|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> in the first half of 2015. Maylan was expected to benefit from the recall by its competitor Sanofi, according to a report published in the Fierce Pharma newsletter of 2 November 2015: "....it is very hard to see Auvi-Q returning to the market, as it will need to be redesigned and face uphill battle to recapture patient trust after the recall," Bernstein analyst Ronny Gal wrote in a note to clients.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercepharmamarketing.com/story/sanofis-auvi-q-recall-puts-mylans-rival-epipen-full-control-blockbuster-mar/2015-11-02|title=Sanofi's Auvi-Q recall puts Mylan's rival EpiPen in full control of blockbuster market - FiercePharma|website=Fiercepharmamarketing.com}}</ref> Gal also believes that the company will eventually have 95% of the Epinephrine auto-injector market, according to another Fierce Pharma report on 3 November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/its-open-season-mylans-epipen-sanofi-teva-stumble/2015-11-02|title=It's open season for Mylan's EpiPen as Sanofi, Teva stumble - FiercePharma|website=Fiercepharma.com}}</ref> ====Cardiovascular==== *[[Alirocumab]] (Praluent), for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. *[[Clopidogrel]] (Plavix, Iscover), for atherothrombosis. *[[Enoxaparin]] (Lovenox, Clexane), for thrombosis (its biggest seller in 2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/binaries/Sanofi_RA_EN_tcm28-24842.pdf|title=Annual Review 2008|publisher=Sanofi-Aventis|accessdate=2009-04-19}}</ref> *[[Irbesartan]] (Aprovel, Avapro, Karvea), for [[hypertension]]. *[[Mipomersen]] (Kynamro), an [[antisense drug]] invented by [[Isis Pharmaceuticals]] and acquired by Genzyme in 2008 (pre-Sanofi)<ref>Lisa M. Jarvis for Chemical and Engineering News. 14 January 2008 [http://cen.acs.org/articles/86/i2/Isis-Genzyme-Heart-Drug-Deal.html Isis, Genzyme In Heart Drug Deal]</ref> and approved by the FDA in 2013 for the [[orphan disease]] [[Familial hypercholesterolemia|homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]].<ref>Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. 29 January 2013 [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/business/fda-approves-genetic-drug-to-treat-rare-disease.html?partner=rss&emc=rss F.D.A. Approves Genetic Drug to Treat Rare Disease]</ref> *[[Ramipril]] (Delix, Triatec, Tritace), for [[hypertension]]. ====Diabetes==== *[[Amaryl]] ([[Glimepiride]]), for type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Apidra]] (insulin glulisin), for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *Insuman ([[insulin|Human insulin]]), for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Lantus]] (insulin glargine), for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Toujeo]] (insulin glargine), for [[Diabetes mellitus#Type 1 diabetes|type 1]] and [[Diabetes mellitus#Type 2 diabetes|type 2]] [[diabetes mellitus]]. ====Infectious disease==== * Antibiotics: **[[Cefotaxime]] (Claforan) **[[Rifapentine]] (Priftin) **[[Levofloxacin]] (Tavanic) **[[Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid]] (Amoklavin) * Vaccines: **Bacterial diseases: ***[[Cholera]] ***[[Diphtheria]] ***[[Haemophilus influenzae type b]] ***[[Meningococcal vaccine|Meningococcal infections]] (Menactra) ***[[Pertussis]] ***[[Pneumococcal vaccine|Pneumococcal infections]] ***[[Tetanus]] ***[[Tuberculosis]] ***[[Typhoid fever]] **Viral diseases: ***[[Hepatitis A]] ***[[Hepatitis B]] ***[[Influenza]] ***[[Measles]] ***[[Mumps]] ***[[Poliomyelitis]] ***[[Rabies]] ***[[Rubella]] ***[[Varicella]] ***[[Yellow fever]] ***[[Smallpox]] - eradicated in 1980 (vaccine produced as a measure in response to the threat of bioterrorism) ====Metabolic==== *[[Risedronic acid]] (Actonel) for [[osteoporosis]] and [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]] *[[Sevelamer]] hydrochloride (Renagel and Renvela) for [[Chronic kidney disease|end stage renal disease]] *[[carmustine]] implants (Gliadel) for cancer ====Neurology==== *[[Sodium hyaluronate]] (Hyalgan) for [[blood tests]] *[[Valproic acid]] (Depakine) and [[Valproate semisodium]] (Depakote) for [[epilepsy]] *[[Zolpidem]] (Ambien, Ambien CR, Myslee, Stilnoct, Stilnox, Zolfresh, Zolt) for [[insomnia]] *[[Alemtuzumab]] (Lemtrada) for [[multiple sclerosis]] *[[Teriflunomide]] (Aubagio) for [[multiple sclerosis]] ====Oncology==== *[[Alfuzosin]] (Xatral/Uroxatral) for [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]] *[[Cabazitaxel]] (Jevtana) for prostate cancer *[[Plerixafor]] (Mozobil), [[macrocycle]] approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] for peripheral blood stem cell mobilizer for non-Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myeloma in December 2008<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.prescribingreference.com/news/showNews/which/MozobilApprovedForNonHodgkinsLymphomaAndMultipleMyeloma121801 |title= Mozobil approved for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma |date=18 December 2008 |publisher=''Monthly Prescribing Reference''| accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> * [[Aflibercept]] (ZALTRAP) [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] [[fusion protein]], approved in metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with other agents in 2012.<ref name=ZaltrapFDA/> *[[Clomifene]] (Clomid) for [[female infertility]] *[[Docetaxel]] (Taxotere) for [[breast cancer|breast]], [[lung cancer|lung]] and [[prostate cancer]] *[[Oxaliplatin]] (Eloxatin) for [[colorectal cancer]] *[[Sarilumab]] (Kevzara) for blood tests, [[lung cancer|lung]] and [[prostate cancer]] *[[Vandetanib]] (Caprelsa) for breast, colorectal cancer and female infertility *[[Dupilumab]] (Dupixent) for eczema. ====Pain==== *[[Codeine]] (Solpadol) for [[chronic pain]] *[[Ketoprofen]] (Bi-profined) for pain ====Diabetes==== *[[Amaryl]] ([[Glimepiride]]) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Apidra]] (insulin glulisin) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *Insuman ([[insulin|Human insulin]]) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Lantus]] (insulin glargine) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. *[[Toujeo]] (insulin glargine) for [[Diabetes mellitus#Type 1 diabetes|type 1]] and [[Diabetes mellitus#Type 2 diabetes|type 2]] [[diabetes mellitus]]. ====Over the counter==== * [[Fexofenadine]] (Allegra, Telfast) and [[Triamcinolone]] (Nasacort) for [[allergic rhinitis]] * [[Paracetamol]] (Novaldol) * [[Calcium carbonate#Health and dietary applications|Calcium carbonate]] (Maalox, an [[antacid]]) The company also produces a broad range of over-the-counter products, among them [[Fexofenadine|Allegra]], [[IcyHot]] for muscle pain, [[Gold Bond medicated powder|Gold Bond]] for skin irritation, and [[Selsun Blue]] dandruff shampoo. These brands were acquired in 2010 when Sanofi-Aventis purchased [[Chattem]]. ===Pipeline=== As of the summer of 2013, Sanofi was in a race with [[Amgen]] and [[Pfizer]] to win approval for a [[PCSK9 inhibitor|drug that inhibits PCSK9]], a protein that slows the clearance of [[low-density lipoprotein]] (LDL) cholesterol - the form of cholesterol that leads to heart attacks.<ref>Gina Kolata for the New York Times. 9 July 2013 [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/health/rare-mutation-prompts-race-for-cholesterol-drug.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all Rare Mutation Ignites Race for Cholesterol Drug]</ref> Sanofi's drug was discovered by [[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals]] and is called [[alirocumab]].<ref>[http://www.regeneron.com/regn727 Alirocumab on Regeneron's website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416102019/http://www.regeneron.com/regn727 |date=16 April 2012 }}</ref> An FDA warning in March 2014 about possible cognitive adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibition threw the competition into disarray, as the FDA asked companies to include neurocognitive testing into their [[Phase III]] clinical trials.<ref>John Carroll for FierceBiotech 7 March 2014 [http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/regeneron-sanofi-and-amgen-shares-suffer-fdas-frets-about-pcsk9-drug/2014-03-07 UPDATED: Regeneron, Sanofi and Amgen shares suffer on FDA's frets about PCSK9 class]</ref> In fall 2013 Sanofi announced that another candidate from its collaboration with Regeneron, the monoclonal antibody against the interleukin 6 receptor, [[sarilumab]], had better efficacy than placebo in its first Phase III trial for rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>John Carroll for FierceBiotech 22 November 2013 [http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/regeneron-sanofi-hit-trio-goals-first-phiii-test-rheumatoid-arthritis-drug/2013-11-22#ixzz2yojrEVlP Regeneron, Sanofi hit a trio of goals in first PhIII test of rheumatoid arthritis drug]</ref> ===Management=== * Olivier Brandicourt, [[chairman of the board|Chairman]], [[CEO|Chief executive officer]]<ref>Noemie Bisserbe for the Wall Street Journal. 20 Feb. 2015 [https://www.wsj.com/articles/sanofi-appoints-olivier-brandicourt-chief-executive-1424383378 Sanofi Names Olivier Brandicourt CEO]</ref> * Jean-François Dehecq was the [[general manager|General Manager]] of Sanofi from its creation in 1973 until 2007. * After a two-month search, Sanofi has its replacement for longtime [[Chief financial officer|CFO]] Jérôme Contamine, who is retiring at the end of September. The drugmaker is bringing on Jean-Baptiste Chasseloup de Chatillon, formerly the CFO of French automaker [[Groupe PSA|PSA Group]], for the role.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sagonowsky |first1=Eric |title=Sanofi recruits veteran French auto executive to replace outgoing CFO Contamine |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/sanofi-recruits-new-cfo-to-replace-outgoing-contamine |website=FiercePharma |accessdate=4 July 2018}}</ref> ===Stockholders=== As of 31 December 2013:<ref name="AR2013">{{cite web |url=http://en.sanofi.com/Images/35795_20-F_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326200214/http://en.sanofi.com/Images/35795_20-F_2013.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=26 March 2014 |title=Annual Report 2013 |accessdate=13 April 2014 |publisher=Sanofi-Aventis }}</ref>{{rp|185}} * Breakdown of share ownership: 8.93% by [[L'Oréal]], 0.27% [[treasury shares]] and 1.31% [[stock option|employees]]. The remaining 89.49% were [[publicly traded]].{{efn-ua|name=Total|[[Total S.A.|Total]] reduced its stake to less than 5% in 2011.<ref>MarketWatch 29 April 2011 [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/total-cfo-says-firm-cut-sanofi-stake-to-under-5-2011-04-29 Total CFO says firm cut Sanofi stake to under 5%]</ref>}} ==Head office== [[File:Rue de la Boétie, 54-56.jpg|thumb|right|Head office 54 rue de la Boétie, Paris 8th arrondissement]] [[File:Sanofi HQ.jpg|thumb|left|Former head office 174 avenue de France, Paris 13th arrondissement]] In January 2012, Sanofi moved its head office location to 54, [[Rue La Boétie]] in the [[8th arrondissement of Paris]]. This former mansion designed by architect René-Patouillard had previously been the head office of Alcatel-Lucent. Sanofi's previous head office was located in the [[13th arrondissement of Paris]], 174 Avenue de France. The architecture of the head office is of the predominant style of the area surrounding the [[François Mitterrand Library]]. After Sanofi and Aventis merged, the employees at the former Aventis head office in [[Schiltigheim]], [[Alsace]] moved to Paris.<ref>"[http://www.journaldunet.com/economie/reportage/les-sieges-sociaux-des-entreprises-du-cac-40/sanofi-aventis-regroupement-a-paris.shtml Sanofi-Aventis : regroupement à Paris]." ''[[Le Journal du Net]]''. Retrieved on 28 September 2010.</ref> {{Clear}} ==Collaborative research== In addition to internal research and development activities Sanofi is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of [[Pre-clinical development|non-clinical]] safety assessment is the [[Innovative Medicines Initiative|InnoMed PredTox project]]<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Mattes | first1 = William B.| chapter = Public Consortium Efforts in Toxicogenomics | doi = 10.1007/978-1-60327-048-9_11 | title = Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics| editor1-last = Mendrick | editor1-first = Donna L.| editor2-last = Mattes | editor2-first = William B.| series = [[Methods in Molecular Biology]]| volume = 460 | pages = 221–238 | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-58829-638-2 | pmid = 18449490 | pmc = }}</ref><ref name="InnoMed PredTox official project website">{{cite web|url=http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |title=InnoMed PredTox Member Organizations |accessdate=2008-08-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926214522/http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |archivedate=26 September 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the [[Innovative Medicines Initiative]] of [[EFPIA]] and the [[European Commission]].<ref name="IMI Call Topics 2008">{{cite web|url=http://imi.europa.eu/docs/calls01_en.zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015122459/http://imi.europa.eu/docs/calls01_en.zip|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-10-15|title=IMI Call Topics 2008|last=Innovative Medicines Initiative|work=IMI-GB-018v2-24042008-CallTopics.pdf|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref> In June 2010, Sanofi and the Charite University of [[Berlin]] signed a cooperation agreement for the research and development of medicines and therapies.<ref>[http://www.infogrok.com/index.php/pharma-companies/sanofi-aventis-charite-sign-research-cooperation-agreement.html Sanofi-aventis, Charite University Sign Cooperation Agreement] News article from InfoGrok.</ref> On 25 October 2012, Sanofi said its earnings for the third quarter slumped as generic competitors ate into profits of its [[Eloxatin]] [[cancer]] treatment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/10/25/world/europe/ap-eu-france-earns-sanofi.html?ref=news&_r=0.html|title=Sanofi Earns Slump in Q3 as Competition Heats Up|date=25 October 2012|work= The New York Times }}</ref> ==Sanofi Pasteur== {{main|Sanofi Pasteur}} In 2005 [[Sanofi Pasteur]], vaccines division of Sanofi Group, was awarded a $97 Million [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]] contract in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presseportal.de/story.htx?nr=664301&ressort=7 |title=Sanofi pasteur Awarded $97 Million HHS Contract to Accelerate Cell-Culture Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Development |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425220406/http://www.presseportal.de/story.htx?nr=664301&ressort=7 |archive-date=25 April 2005 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ===BCG supply shortage 2012-=== In the fall of 2011 a Sanofi Pasteur plant flooded, causing it problems with mold.<ref name="FDA_2012">{{citation |url=http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ApprovedProducts/ucm310376.htm |series=Vaccines, Blood & Biologics |title=April 2012 Inspectional Observations (form 483) |work=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |date=12 April 2012 |accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref> The facility, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, produced [[BCG vaccine]] products, made with the Glaxo 1077 strain,<ref name="WHO_2004">{{cite book | author=Fine, P.E.M | title=Issues relating to the use of BCG in immunization programmes: A discussion document, WHO/V&B/99.23 | publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] | year=2004 | location=Geneva | url=http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF99/www9943.pdf | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021215237/http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF99/www9943.pdf | archivedate=21 October 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> such as a tuberculosis vaccine ImmuCYST, a BCG Immunotherapeutic -a bladder cancer drug. By April 2012 the FDA had found dozens of documented problems with sterility at the plant including mold, nesting birds and rusted electrical conduits.<ref name="FDA_2012" /> The resulting closure of the plant for over two years resulting in shortages of bladder cancer and tuberculosis vaccines.<ref name="Sanofi_2014_BCG_vaccine">{{citation |title=Merck again shipping BCG cancer treatment but Sanofi still is not: Shortages of bladder cancer and tuberculosis treatment have persisted for two years |date=10 September 2014 |first=Eric |last=Palmer |work=FiercePharma}}</ref> The Toronto Sanofi plant<ref name="Sanofi_2012_BCG_vaccine">{{citation |title=Merck again shipping BCG cancer treatment but Sanofi still is not: Shortages of bladder cancer and tuberculosis treatment have persisted for two years |date=12 July 2012|first=Eric |last=Palmer |work=FiercePharma }}</ref> On 29 October 2014 [[Health Canada]] gave the permission for Sanofi to resume production of BCG.<ref name="FiercePharma_mar_2015">{{citation |title=Sanofi Canada vax plant again producing ImmuCyst bladder cancer drug |url=http://www.fiercepharmamanufacturing.com/story/sanofi-vaccine-plant-canada-again-producing-immucyst-bladder-drug/2015-03-31 |date=31 March 2015 |accessdate=29 January 2016 |first=Eric |last=Palmer|work=FiercePharma }}</ref> ==Associations== Sanofi is a full member of the [[European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations]] (EFPIA),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883|title=The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures - 2008 Edition|publisher=European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA)|page=49|accessdate=2008-08-25|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20080916100937/http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883|archivedate=16 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Biotechnology Industry Organization]] (BIO),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bio.org/articles/bio-members-web-site-links|title=BIO Member Directory - BIO|website=BIO|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> and [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]] (PhRMA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phrma.org/about/member-companies|title=Members - PhRMA|website=Phrma.org|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> Sanofi's vaccine subsidiary, [[Sanofi Pasteur]], is a member of [[EuropaBio]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.europabio.org/members |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427151456/http://www.europabio.org/members |archive-date=27 April 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ==Aventis Foundation== The Aventis Foundation,<ref>[http://www.aventis-foundation.org/ Home]. Aventis Foundation (2013-11-27). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.</ref> a [[Germany|German]] charitable trust, was established in 1996 as the Hoechst Foundation with an [[Financial endowment|endowment]] of €50 million. In 2000, the foundation was renamed the Aventis Foundation. Its aim is to promote music, theater, art, literature, higher education and healthcare research.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} ==See also== *[[Aventis Pharma]] *[[Sanofi Biogenius Canada]] {{Portal bar|Paris|Companies}} ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Sanofi}} * {{official website|http://www.sanofi.com/}} * [http://www.aventis-foundation.org/ Aventis Foundation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130728190032/http://www.bio-itworld.com/els/01/11/12/Sanofi-inks-genomics-partnerships-in-Boston.html/ BIO IT world.com] * [https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001121404&type=20-F&dateb=&owner=exclude&count=40 Sanofi] on [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] {{Sanofi}} {{Euro Stoxx 50 Companies}} {{CAC 40 companies}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Sanofi| ]] [[Category:2004 establishments in France]] [[Category:Biotechnology companies of France]] [[Category:CAC 40]] [[Category:Companies based in Paris]] [[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]] [[Category:French brands]] [[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in France]] [[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 2004]] [[Category:Orphan drug companies]] [[Category:Life sciences industry]] [[Category:Companies in the Euro Stoxx 50]] [[Category:Companies formed by merger]]'