Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Australian politician, lawyer, and the 27th Prime Minister of Australia (2010-2013)}} {{Redirect|Gillard}} {{Pp-move-indef}} {{Pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Good article}} {{Use Australian English|date=January 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]] | name = Julia Gillard | honorific-suffix = [[Order of Australia|AC]] | image = Julia Gillard 2010.jpg<!--Do not change without consensus on the talk page.--> | office = 27th [[Prime Minister of Australia]]<!--No election dates.--> | monarch = [[Elizabeth II]] | 1blankname = {{nowrap|Governor-General}} | 1namedata = [[Quentin Bryce]] | deputy = [[Wayne Swan]] | term_start = 24 June 2010 | term_end = 27 June 2013 | predecessor = [[Kevin Rudd]] | successor = [[Kevin Rudd]] | office1 = [[Leader of the Australian Labor Party|Leader of the Labor Party]] | deputy1 = [[Wayne Swan]] | term_start1 = 24 June 2010 | term_end1 = 26 June 2013 | predecessor1 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | successor1 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | office2 = 13th [[Deputy Prime Minister of Australia]] | primeminister2 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start2 = 3 December 2007 | term_end2 = 24 June 2010 | predecessor2 = [[Mark Vaile]] | successor2 = [[Wayne Swan]] | office3 = [[Australian Labor Party|Deputy Leader of the Labor Party]] | leader3 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start3 = 4 December 2006 | term_end3 = 24 June 2010 | predecessor3 = [[Jenny Macklin]] | successor3 = [[Wayne Swan]] | office4 = [[Minister for Education and Training|Minister for Education]] | primeminister4 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start4 = 3 December 2007 | term_end4 = 28 June 2010 | predecessor4 = [[Julie Bishop]] | successor4 = [[Simon Crean]] | office5 = [[Minister for Employment (Australia)|Minister for Employment and <br> Workplace Relations]] | primeminister5 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start5 = 3 December 2007 | term_end5 = 28 June 2010 | predecessor5 = [[Joe Hockey]] | successor5 = [[Simon Crean]] | office6 = [[Minister for Social Inclusion]] | primeminister6 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start6 = 3 December 2007 | term_end6 = 28 June 2010 | predecessor6 = [[Mike Rann]] | successor6 = [[Simon Crean]] | office7 = [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Deputy Leader of the Opposition]] | leader7 = [[Kevin Rudd]] | term_start7 = 4 December 2006 | term_end7 = 3 December 2007 | predecessor7 = [[Jenny Macklin]] | successor7 = [[Julie Bishop]] | office8 = [[Manager of Opposition Business in the House (Australia)|Manager of Opposition Business in the House of Representatives]] | leader8 = [[Mark Latham]]<br />[[Kim Beazley]] | term_start8 = 8 December 2003 | term_end8 = 10 December 2006 | predecessor8 = [[Mark Latham]] | successor8 = [[Anthony Albanese]] | constituency_MP9 = [[Division of Lalor|Lalor]] | parliament9 = Australian | term_start9 = 3 October 1998 | term_end9 = 5 August 2013 | predecessor9 = [[Barry Jones (Australian politician)|Barry Jones]] | successor9 = [[Joanne Ryan (politician)|Joanne Ryan]] | birth_name = Julia Eileen Gillard | birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1961|9|29|df=y}}}} | birth_place = [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]], [[Wales]], [[United Kingdom]] | death_date = | death_place = | citizenship = Australian <br> British (1961–1998) | nationality = | party = [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] | partner = [[Tim Mathieson]] | education = [[Mitcham Primary School|Mitcham School]]<br />[[Unley High School]] | alma_mater = [[University of Adelaide]]<br />[[University of Melbourne]] | signature = Julia Gillard Signature.svg | website = {{url|juliagillard.com.au|Personal website}} }} {{Julia Gillard sidebar}} '''Julia Eileen Gillard''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AC}} (born 29 September 1961) is a British-born Australian politician who served as the 27th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] and [[Australian Labor Party|Leader of the Labor Party]] from 2010 to 2013, the first and only woman to date to hold either role. She previously held the roles of [[Deputy Prime Minister of Australia]], [[Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth|Minister for Education]], [[Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations (Australia)|Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations]] and [[Minister for Social Inclusion (Australia)|Minister for Social Inclusion]] from 2007 to 2010. Born in [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry, Wales]], Gillard migrated with her family to [[Adelaide]] in [[South Australia]] in 1966. She attended [[Mitcham Primary School|Mitcham Demonstration School]] and [[Unley High School]]. Gillard went on to study at the [[University of Adelaide]], but switched to the [[University of Melbourne]] in 1982, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1986 and a Bachelor of Arts in 1989. During this time, she was [[Australian Union of Students|President of the Australian Union of Students]] from 1983 to 1984. In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm [[Slater & Gordon]], eventually becoming a [[Partner (business rank)|partner]] in 1990, specialising in industrial law. In 1996, she became Chief of Staff to [[John Brumby]], the [[Leader of the Opposition (Victoria)|Leader of the Opposition in Victoria]]. Gillard was first elected to the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] at the [[1998 Australian federal election|1998 election]] for the seat of [[Division of Lalor|Lalor]]. Following the [[2001 Australian federal election|2001 election]], she was appointed to the [[Shadow Cabinet of Australia|Shadow Cabinet]]. In December 2006, Gillard became the running mate of [[Kevin Rudd]] in a successful [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2006|leadership challenge]] to [[Kim Beazley]], becoming [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Deputy Leader of the Opposition]]. After Labor's victory at the [[2007 Australian federal election|2007 election]], she was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, and was also given the roles of Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, and Minister for Social Inclusion. On {{Nowrap|24 June 2010}}, after Rudd lost internal support within the Labor Party and resigned as leader, Gillard [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010|was elected unopposed]] as his replacement, and was sworn-in as Prime Minister. She led Labor through the [[2010 Australian federal election|2010 election]] weeks later, which saw the first [[hung parliament]] since 1940. Gillard was able to form a [[minority government]] with the support of a [[Australian Greens|Green]] MP and three [[independent (politician)|independents]]. The [[Gillard Government]] introduced the [[National Disability Insurance Scheme]], introduced [[Gonski Report|Gonski funding]] for Australian education, implemented the [[Carbon pricing in Australia|carbon pricing]] in Australia, and oversaw the [[National Broadband Network]]. On 26 June 2013, after a lengthy period of leadership instability, Gillard lost the leadership of the Labor Party back to Rudd at a [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013|leadership spill]]. Her resignation as Prime Minister took effect the next day, and she announced her retirement from politics. Since her time as Prime Minister, Gillard has been a [[Visiting scholar|visiting professor]] at the [[University of Adelaide]], the [[Fellow|Senior Fellow]] at the [[Brookings Institution]]'s Center for Universal Education, and has served as the Chair of the [[Global Partnership for Education]] since 2014 and as the Chair of [[Beyond Blue]] since 2017. She released her memoir, ''[[My Story (Gillard book)|My Story]]'', in September 2014. In April 2021 she became Chair of [[Wellcome Trust|Wellcome]] succeeding [[Eliza Manningham-Buller]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Julia Gillard appointed as next Chair of Wellcome {{!}} News|url=https://wellcome.org/news/julia-gillard-appointed-next-chair-wellcome|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Wellcome|language=en}}</ref> == Early life == ===Birth and family background=== Gillard was born on 29 September 1961 in [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan]], Wales.<ref name="Biog">{{cite web |title=The Hon Julia Gillard MP, Member for Lalor (Vic)|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=83L |publisher=[[Australian House of Representatives]] |access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Julia Gillard comes from a village called Cwmgwrach, which means 'The Valley of the Witch'">{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/witch-prime-minister-comes-from-this-valley/story-e6frgczf-1225884482109?nk=f1fbe4a3b9e0e7c1bd8d8a9d73aadbf0|title=Julia Gillard comes from a village called Cwmgwrach, which means 'The Valley of the Witch' |date=26 June 2010 |access-date=20 October 2014|work=[[The Australian]] }}</ref> She is the second of two daughters born to John Oliver Gillard (1929–2012) and the former Moira Mackenzie (b. 1928); her older sister Alison was born in 1958.<ref name="AusStory"/> Gillard's father was born in [[Cwmgwrach]], but was of predominantly English descent; he worked as a psychiatric nurse.<ref>{{cite news|last=Peatling|first=Stephanie|title=Gillard expected to leave APEC because of father's death |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-expected-to-leave-apec-because-of-fathers-death-20120908-25ktc.html|access-date=8 September 2012|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=8 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mormonnewsroom.org.au/article/precis-julia-gillard-ancestry|title=Précis of Julia Eileen Gillard's Ancestry|work=Mormon News Room Online|date=19 August 2013|access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref> Her mother was born in Barry, and is of distant Scottish and Irish descent; she worked in a [[Salvation Army]] nursing home.<ref name="Book review of Gillard Biography">{{cite web |title=The Other Biography: Jacqueline Kent's "The Making of Julia Gillard" by Christine Wallace |work=[[The Monthly]] |publisher=Schwartz Publishing |date=October 2009 |url=http://www.themonthly.com.au/books-christine-wallace-other-biography-jacqueline-kent039s-quotthe-making-julia-gillardquot-2015?page=0%2C0 |access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Wills |title=Julia Gillard's parents 'elated' |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/julia-gillards-parents-elated/story-e6freuy9-1225883750188 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]] |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> After Gillard suffered from [[bronchopneumonia]] as a child, her parents were advised it would aid her recovery if they were to live in a warmer climate.<ref name="AusStory">{{cite web |title=Australian Story—Julia Gillard Interview Transcript |url=http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2006/s1585300.htm |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] |date=6 March 2006 |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609093523/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2006/s1585300.htm |archive-date=9 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]].<ref name="counterpoint">{{cite episode|title=Julia Gillard in Person|series=Counterpoint|series-link=Counterpoint (Radio National)|network=[[Radio National]]|airdate=20 September 2004|transcript=Transcript|transcript-url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/counterpoint/stories/2004/1203667.htm}}</ref> The Gillard family's first month in Australia was spent in the [[Migrant hostels of South Australia|Pennington Hostel]], a now-closed migrant facility located in [[Pennington, South Australia|Pennington]], South Australia.<ref name="penhos1">{{cite web |title=Migrant history at Pennington commemorated |work=South Australian Community History |publisher=Government of South Australia |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://migration.history.sa.gov.au/content/finsbury-pennington |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624093138/http://migration.history.sa.gov.au/content/finsbury-pennington |archive-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="penhos2">{{cite web |title=Finsbury / Pennington |work=Migration Museum |publisher=Government of South Australia |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://migration.history.sa.gov.au/content/finsbury-pennington |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624093138/http://migration.history.sa.gov.au/content/finsbury-pennington |archive-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1974, eight years after they arrived, Gillard and her family became Australian citizens. As a result, Gillard held [[Multiple citizenship|dual citizenship]] until she [[Renunciation of citizenship|renounced]] her British citizenship prior to entering the Australian parliament in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pm.gov.au/your-pm |title=Prime Minister Julia Gillard |access-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624003839/http://www.pm.gov.au/your-pm |archive-date=24 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/julia-gillard/|title=Julia Gillard|work=Forbes.com LLC|access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref> <!--[[File:The Gillard family, Pennington Hostel.jpg|thumb|left|A plaque dedicated to the Gillard family, who stayed at the Pennington Hostel (now Pennington Gardens Reserve) in 1966]]--> === Education and legal career === Gillard attended [[Mitcham Primary School|Mitcham Demonstration School]] before going on to [[Unley High School]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gillard addresses students at former high school|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/12/14/1811877.htm|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=14 December 2006|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> She began an arts degree at the [[University of Adelaide]], during which she was president of the Adelaide University Union from 1981 to 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Minister a history maker for us too |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/adelaidean/issues/40481/news40487.html|work=Adelaidean |publisher=[[University of Adelaide]] |date=5 August 2010|access-date=5 May 2016}}</ref> In her second year at the university, Gillard was introduced to politics by the daughter of a state Labor minister.{{who|date=April 2018}} Accordingly, she joined the Labor Club and became involved in a campaign to fight federal education budget cuts.<ref name="AusStory" /><ref name="counterpoint"/> Gillard cut short her courses in Adelaide in 1982, and moved to Melbourne to work with the [[Australian Union of Students]].<ref name="roomatthetop">{{cite news |first=Margaret |last=Simons |title=Room at the top on the campus |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1YUQAAAAIBAJ&pg=3459,193745 |newspaper=[[The Age]] |date=16 February 1983 |access-date=25 June 2010}}</ref> In 1983, she became the second woman to lead the Australian Union of Students, serving until the organisation's discontinuation in 1984. She was also the secretary of the left-wing organisation Socialist Forum.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lincoln |last=Wright |title=Will Julia Gillard's past cause red faces? |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/will-julias-past-cause-red-faces/story-e6frf7l6-1111114587478 |newspaper=[[Herald Sun]] |date=7 August 2007 |access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=SocialistForum>[[Chip Le Grand|Le Grand, Chip]]. (4 December 2012). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/gillard-style-already-in-place-when-the-ratbag-lefties-met-in-1984/story-fn59niix-1226529262087 "Gillard style already in place when the ratbag lefties met in 1984"]. ''[[The Australian]]''. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Having transferred her studies to the [[University of Melbourne]], Gillard graduated with a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in 1986 and a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1989.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notable alumni |url=http://alumni.unimelb.edu.au/notablealumni|publisher=[[University of Melbourne]] |date=23 September 2015|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref> In 1987, she joined the law firm Slater & Gordon in [[Werribee, Victoria|Werribee]], Victoria, working in [[industrial law]].<ref name="Book review of Gillard Biography" /> In 1990, she was admitted as a [[Partner (business rank)|partner]]; at the age of 29, she was the youngest partner within the firm, and one of the first women to hold the position.<ref name="Davis 24 June 2010" /><ref name="facesofjulia">{{cite web |title=Faces of Julia |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/06/20/1055828490297.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=21 June 2003|access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> ===Early political involvement=== From 1985 to 1989, Gillard served as President of the [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]] branch of the Labor Party.<ref name="Biog"/> She stood for Labor [[preselection]] in the [[Division of Melbourne]] prior to the [[1993 Australian federal election|1993 federal election]], but was defeated by [[Lindsay Tanner]].<ref name=naa-bef>{{cite web|title=Before office|url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/gillard/before-office.aspx|website=Australia's Prime Ministers|publisher=National Archives of Australia|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> At the [[1996 Australian federal election|1996 federal election]], Gillard won the third position on Labor's [[Australian Senate|Senate]] ticket in Victoria, behind [[Robert Ray (Australian politician)|Robert Ray]] and [[Barney Cooney]].<ref name=smhpreselection>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Mark|title=Building ambition from the sandpit of politics|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/building-ambition-from-the-sandpit-of-politics-20100623-yzet.html|access-date=20 July 2016|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=24 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=smhpreselection2>{{cite news|last=Malkin|first=Bonnie|title=Julia Gillard: profile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/7850764/Julia-Gillard-profile.html|access-date=20 July 2016|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=24 June 2010}}</ref> However, on the final distribution of preferences she was defeated by [[Lyn Allison]] of the [[Australian Democrats]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/no-contradiction-on-julia-gillard-information/story-fn59niix-1226453684136|title='No contradiction' on Julia Gillard information|work=[[The Australian]]|date=20 August 2012|access-date=20 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=Coorey1>{{cite news|last=Coorey|first=Phillip|title=Gillard cleared of wrongdoing by former employer|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/gillard-cleared-of-wrongdoing-by-former-employer-20120819-24gnf.html|access-date=21 August 2012|work=[[The Age]]|date=20 August 2012}}</ref> In 1996, Gillard resigned from her position with Slater & Gordon to serve as chief of staff to [[John Brumby]], at that time the [[Leader of the Opposition (Victoria)|Leader of the Opposition in Victoria]].<ref name="Biog" /><ref name=Coorey1 /><ref>{{cite news|title=Abbott presses Gillard over union corruption role |newspaper=[[The Australian Financial Review]] |date=20 August 2012}}</ref> She was responsible for drafting the [[affirmative action|affirmative-action]] rules within the Labor Party in Victoria that set the target of pre-selecting women for 35 per cent of "winnable seats". She also played a role in the foundation of [[EMILY's List Australia|EMILY's List]], the pro-choice fund-raising and support network for Labor women.<ref name="Anne_Summers_250610">{{cite news |last=Summers |first=Anne |title=Historic moment, but barriers remain for half the population |url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/politics/historic-moment-but-barriers-remain-for-half-the-population-20100624-z3bp.html |access-date=26 June 2010 |work=[[The Age]] |date=25 June 2010 }}</ref> Gillard has cited Welsh [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician [[Aneurin Bevan]] as one of her political heroes.<ref name="Davis 24 June 2010">{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Davis |title=Focus and ambition drive her success |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/focus-and-ambition-drive-her-success-20100624-yzgi.html |newspaper=[[The Age]] |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> == Member of Parliament (1998–2007) == Gillard was first elected to the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] at the [[1998 Australian federal election|1998 federal election]] representing [[Division of Lalor|Lalor]], a safe Labor seat near Melbourne, replacing [[Barry Jones (Australian politician)|Barry Jones]] who retired. She made her maiden speech to the House on 11 November 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ms Julia Gillard MP, Member for Lalor (Vic), First speech to Parliament |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1998-11-11%2F0011%22|publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |date=11 November 1998 |access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref> Gillard was a member of the [[Australian House of Representatives committees#Standing committees|standing committee]] for Employment, Education and Workplace Relations from 8 December 1998 to 8 December 2001, in addition to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs from 20 March 2003 to 18 August 2003. Within the [[Australian House of Representatives committees#Joint committees|joint committees]], she was a member of the Public Accounts and Audit from 8 December 1998 to 11 February 2002, in addition to the Native Title and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund from 20 March 2003 to 11 August 2003.<ref name="Biog"/> === Shadow Minister (2001–2007) === After Labor's defeat at the [[2001 Australian federal election|2001 federal election]], Gillard was elected to the [[Shadow Cabinet of Australia|Shadow Cabinet]] under then-Labor Leader [[Simon Crean]], where she was given responsibility for Population and Immigration. In February 2003, she was given additional responsibilities for Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Crean names new team |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2003/02/item20030218083501_1.htm |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=18 February 2003 |access-date=24 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425162143/http://abc.net.au/news/politics/2003/02/item20030218083501_1.htm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref> In these roles, in the wake of the [[Tampa affair|Tampa]] and [[Children Overboard affair]]s, which were partly credited with Labor's 2001 election loss, Gillard developed a new immigration policy for the Labor Party.<ref name="counterpoint"/> Gillard was later promoted to the position of Shadow Minister for Health and Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in the House (to [[Mark Latham]]) on 2 July 2003.<ref name="facesofjulia"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Phillip|last=Hudson|title=ALP rising star for key health role|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/07/01/1056825394336.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=2 July 2003|access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> During this time, she shadowed [[Tony Abbott]], with the rivalry between the two often attracting attention from the media.<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Wroe|title=Doctor groups hail promotion of 'head kicker'|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/29/1064819869888.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=30 September 2003|access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> She was later given additional responsibility for managing opposition business in the House of Representatives by Latham, who had succeeded Beazley as Labor Party leader.<ref>{{cite news|first=Cynthia|last=Banham|title=Gillard's loyalty pays off|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/12/02/1070351584392.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=3 December 2003|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> [[File:Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard.JPG|thumb|left|Gillard at her first press conference as Deputy Leader in 2006, alongside new Leader Kevin Rudd]] In the aftermath of Labor's fourth consecutive defeat in the [[2004 Australian federal election|2004 federal election]] it was widely speculated that Gillard might challenge [[Jenny Macklin]] for the deputy leadership, but she did not do so.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Grattan|title=Beazley no to Gillard as deputy|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Beazley-no-to-Gillard-as-deputy/2005/01/21/1106110948133.html|work=[[The Age]]|date=22 January 2005|access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> Gillard had been spoken of as a potential future leader of the party for some years, but never stood in a leadership contest. After Mark Latham resigned as Labor Leader in January 2005, Gillard appeared on [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]'s ''[[Australian Story]]'' in March 2006, after which an Ipsos Mackay poll conducted for [[Network Ten]]'s ''[[Meet the Press (Australian TV program)|Meet the Press]]'' found that more respondents would prefer Gillard to be Labor Leader; she polled 32% compared with Beazley's 25% and Kevin Rudd's 18%.<ref name="AusStory" /><ref name="The Gillard Diaries">{{cite episode|title=The Gillard Diaries|series=Australian Story|series-link=Australian Story|network=ABC|airdate=6 March 2006|transcript=Transcript|transcript-url=http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2006/s1586140.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard preferred ALP leader: poll|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Julia-Gillard-preferred-ALP-leader-poll/2006/04/02/1143916403791.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=2 April 2006|access-date=18 May 2007 }}</ref> Although she had significant cross-factional support, she announced on 25 January 2005 that she would not contest the leadership, allowing Beazley to be elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Grattan|title=Gillard tells Beazley to be a bold leader|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Gillard-tells-Beazley-to-be-a-bold-leader/2005/01/26/1106415664780.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=27 January 2005|access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> ===Deputy Opposition Leader (2006–2007)=== {{Main|Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2006}} On 1 December 2006, as part of a cross-factional political partnership with Kevin Rudd, Gillard challenged Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Phillip|last1=Hudson|last2=Coorey |first2=Phillip|title=Rudd, Gillard confirm challenge|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/its-beazley-v-rudd/2006/12/01/1164777759776.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=1 December 2006|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> After Rudd successfully replaced Beazley as Labor Leader on 4 December 2006, Macklin chose to resign, allowing Gillard to become Deputy Leader unopposed.<ref>{{cite news|first=Phillip|last=Coorey|title=We'll rebuild nation, says Rudd|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/well-rebuild-nation-says-rudd/2006/12/04/1165080877872.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=5 December 2006|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> In the subsequent reshuffle, Gillard was allocated responsibility for Employment, Workplace Relations and Social Inclusion, as well as being made [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Deputy Leader of the Opposition]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Grattan|title=Plums for Rudd men in shadow reshuffle|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/plums-for-rudd-men-in-shadow-reshuffle/2006/12/10/1165685554688.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=11 December 2006|access-date=24 June 2010 }}</ref> == Deputy Prime Minister (2007–2010) == {{Main|Rudd Government (2007–10)}} After the Labor Party's victory in the 2007 federal election, Gillard was sworn in as the first ever female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December 2007.<ref>{{cite news|first=Cosima|last=Marriner|title=Gillard reveals: it was the go-girl factor|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/gillard-reveals-it-was-the-gogirl-factor/2007/11/25/1195975870414.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=26 November 2007|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> In addition to being appointed to the position of Deputy Prime Minister, Gillard was given responsibility for a so-called "super ministry", the [[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Vincent|title=Gillard's super-ministry a 'very ambitious task'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-11-30/gillards-super-ministry-a-very-ambitious-task/973978|newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=30 November 2007|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Julia Gillard US Ambassador 2.jpg|thumb|left|Gillard meets with [[United States Ambassador to Australia|US Ambassador]] [[Jeff Bleich]] on 26 November 2009]] She was a member of the Strategic Priorities Budget Committee (SPBC) – also referred to as "[[Gang of Four (Australian Labor Party)|Gang of Four]]" – which comprised Rudd and his most senior ministers: Gillard, Treasurer [[Wayne Swan]] and Finance Minister [[Lindsay Tanner]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Lenore|last=Taylor|title=The Rudd gang of four |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/the-rudd-gang-of-four/story-e6frg6z6-1225795556696|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=9 November 2009|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> Formed in late-2007 as a result of an internal review, the SPBC was responsible for the government's handling of the 2007–08 global [[Financial crisis of 2007–08|financial crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|first=[[Annabel Crabb|Annabel]]|last=[[Annabel Crabb|Crabb]]|title=Prime Minister, interrupted|url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/voters-still-don-t-know-who-gillard-is-prime-minister-interrupted-annabel-crabb-3588|newspaper=[[The Monthly]] |date=15 July 2011|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> On 11 December 2007, Gillard was [[acting prime minister]] while Rudd attended the [[2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference|United Nations Climate Change Conference]] in [[Bali]], becoming the first woman ever to hold that position.<ref name="ABC 10 December 2007">{{cite news|first=Lindy|last=Kerin|title=Gillard makes Aust history as female acting PM|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/10/2114894.htm|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=10 December 2007|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> She assumed these duties for a total of 69 days throughout Rudd's tenure, during his various overseas travel engagements.<ref>{{cite news|first=Brad|last=Norington|title=Business as usual for Gillard the caretaker|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24695550-5014046,00.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919122938/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24695550-5014046,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=24 November 2008|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> Gillard quickly became known as a highly regarded debater, with her performances during parliamentary question time prompting [[Peter van Onselen]] to call her "the best parliamentary performer on the Labor side".<ref>{{cite news|first=Peter|last=van Onselen|author-link=Peter van Onselen|title=Shorten pathway to a Gillard future|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/shorten-pathway-to-a-gillard-future/story-e6frg6zo-1111119127496|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=14 March 2009|access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> ===Ministerial portfolios=== In her role as Minister for Education, Gillard travelled to Washington D.C. in 2009, where she signed a deal with [[United States Secretary of Education|US Secretary of Education]] [[Arne Duncan]] to encourage improved policy collaboration in education reform between both countries.<ref>{{cite news|first=Dan|last=Harrison|title=Ms Gillard goes to Washington|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/education/ms-gillard-goes-to-washington-20091016-h0wx.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=19 October 2009|access-date=19 October 2009 }}</ref> The establishment of the [[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA), an independent authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, was amongst her first policy pursuits in 2008.<ref>Kent, Jacqueline 2010, ''The Making of Julia Gillard'', p. 318</ref> She launched the government's "[[Digital Education Revolution]]" (DER) program, which provided laptops to all public secondary school students and developed quality digital tools, resources and infrastructure for all schools.<ref>{{cite news|first=Fran|last=Foo|title=Job boost from NSW school laptops |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian-it-old/job-boost-from-nsw-school-laptops/story-e6frgamf-1225780620300|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=29 September 2009|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> In conjunction with DER, Gillard oversaw the "[[Building the Education Revolution]]" (BER) program, which allocated [[Australian dollar|$]]16&nbsp;billion to build new school accommodation including classrooms, libraries and assembly halls.<ref>{{cite news|first=Natasha|last=Bita|title=Grant to trail girl to next school|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/grant-to-trail-girl-to-next-school/story-e6frg6oo-1225771290406|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=10 September 2009|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Natasha|last=Bita|title=Julia Gillard to reclaim school payouts|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/julia-gillard-to-reclaim-school-payouts/story-e6frg6oo-1225789767523|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=22 October 2009|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> Gillard also ensured the implementation of the [[National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy]] (NAPLAN) in 2008, whereby a series of [[standardized tests|standardised tests]] focused on basic skills are administered annually to Australian students.<ref>{{cite news|first=Garry|last=McGaw|title=A test to suit the 21st century|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/a-test-to-suit-the-21st-century/story-fnd17met-1226654600162|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=1 June 2013|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> This was followed by the introduction of the [[My School]] website; launched in January 2010, the website reports on data from NAPLAN and displays information such as school missions, staffing, financial information, its resources and its students' characteristics.<ref>{{cite news|first=Julia|last=Gillard|title=Julia Gillard answers questions about the new My School website |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/julia-gillard-answers-questions-about-the-new-my-school-website/story-e6frf7jo-1225824151625|newspaper=[[Herald Sun]] |date=28 January 2010|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Peter|last=Knapp|title=Finding meaning the greatest test |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/finding-meaning-the-greatest-test/story-fnd17met-1226320005793|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=7 April 2012|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> As Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, Gillard removed the [[WorkChoices]] industrial relations regime introduced by the [[Howard Government]], and replaced it with the ''Fair Work Act''.<ref>{{cite news|first=Renee|last=Viellaris|title=WorkChoices finally dead: Julia Gillard|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,25215771-952,00.html|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=20 March 2009|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> This established a single industrial relations bureaucracy called [[Fair Work Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=PM promises not to extend Work Choices|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Fielding-noncommittal-on-ALPs-IR-plan/2007/10/15/1192300644672.html|work=[[The Age]] |date=15 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2007 }}</ref> == Prime Minister (2010–2013) == {{Main|Gillard Government}} === 2010 leadership vote === {{Main|Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010}} Prime Minister Kevin Rudd suffered a decline in his personal ratings, and a perceived loss of support among his own MPs, following the failure of the Government's [[Energy Efficient Homes Package|insulation program]], controversy regarding the implementation of a [[Minerals Resource Rent Tax|tax on mining]], the failure of the government to secure passage of its [[carbon trading]] scheme and some policy debate about immigration policy. Significant disaffection had arisen within the Labor Party as to the leadership style and direction of Rudd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2933046.htm |title=The Gillard Coup &#124; Q&A |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]]|date=28 June 2010 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> On 23 June 2010 he announced that Gillard had asked him to hold a [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010|leadership ballot]] the following day to determine the leadership of the Labor Party, and hence the Prime Ministership of Australia.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Harvey|title=Federal Labor MPs moving to axe Kevin Rudd and replace him with Julia Gillard|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/labor-considers-axing-rudd/story-e6frf7l6-1225883380388|newspaper=[[Herald Sun]] |date=23 June 2010|access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> As late as May 2010, prior to challenging Rudd, Gillard was quipping to the media that "There's more chance of me becoming the [[full-forward]] for the [[Western Bulldogs|Dogs]] than there is of any change in the Labor Party".<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2011/s3336424.htm |title=7.30: Carbon Tax, Border Protection and Leadership |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] |date=23 June 2010 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> Consequently, Gillard's move against Rudd on 23 June appeared to surprise many Labor backbenchers. [[Daryl Melham]], when asked by a reporter on the night of the challenge if indeed a challenge was on, replied: "Complete garbage. ABC have lost all credibility."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2010/s2984531.htm |title=Four Corners – 16/08/2010: Program Transcript |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> As he was being deposed, Rudd suggested that his opponents wanted to move Labor to the right, saying on 23 June: "This party and government will not be lurching to the right on the question of asylum seekers, as some have counselled us to do."<ref name="ReferenceB"/> [[File:Quentin Bryce swearing in Julia Gillard as PM.jpg|thumb|left|Gillard being sworn in as Prime Minister by [[Quentin Bryce]] on 24 June 2010]] Initially, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' reported that the final catalyst for the move on Rudd was sparked by a report that Rudd had used his chief of staff to sound out back benchers on his level of support, thus implying that "he did not trust the repeated assurances by Ms Gillard that she would not stand".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard--becomes-australias-first-female-prime-minister-as-tearful-rudd-stands-aside-20100624-yzvw.html | work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | title=Julia Gillard, Prime Minister After Labor Leadership Challenge | date=24 June 2010}}</ref> Later, ABC's 7:30 Report said the seeds for the challenge to Rudd came from "factional heavyweights" [[Bill Shorten]] and Senator [[David Feeney]], who secured the support of "New South Wales right power broker" [[Mark Arbib]] and that Feeney and Arbib went to discuss a challenge with Gillard on the morning of 23 June and a final numbers count began for a challenge.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2010/s2936441.htm |title=7.30—Gillard takes top job in bloodless coup |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> Accounts have continued to differ as to the extent of Gillard's foreknowledge and planning of the replacement of Rudd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/pm-julia-gillard-stitched-up-kevin-rudd/story-e6freuy9-1226499866236 |title=PM Julia Gillard stiched up Kevin Rudd |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> Rudd initially said that he would challenge Gillard, but it soon became apparent that he did not have enough support within the party to survive in his position. Hours before the vote on 24 June, he resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labor Party, leaving Gillard to assume the leadership unopposed. [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] Wayne Swan was at the same time elected unopposed to succeed Gillard as Deputy Leader.<ref name="theaustralian1" /> Shortly afterward, Gillard was sworn in as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia by [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] [[Quentin Bryce]], with Swan being sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2010/s2935655.htm|last1=Curtis|first1=Lyndal|last2=Hall|first2=Eleanor|title=Gillard becomes first female PM |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010}}</ref> The members of the [[First Rudd Ministry|Rudd Ministry]], with the exception of Rudd himself who returned to the backbenches, subsequently became the members of the [[First Gillard Ministry]]. It was the first time in Australian history that both the head of state as well as the head of government were female. [[File:Quentin Bryce, Julia Gillard and Wayne Swan.jpg|thumb|Gillard alongside partner [[Tim Mathieson]], Quentin Bryce, [[Wayne Swan]] and [[Michael Bryce]] on 24 June 2010]] Later that day, in her first press conference as Prime Minister, Gillard said that at times the [[First Rudd Government|Rudd Government]] "went off the tracks", and "[I] came to the view that a good Government was losing its way".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/julia-gillard-is-australias-new-prime-minister/story-e6freuy9-1225883617249 |title=Julia Gillard is Australia's new Prime Minister |first1=Malcolm |last1=Farr |first2=Alison |last2=Rehn |first3=Steve |last3=Lewis |first4=Simon |last4=Benson |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=7 July 2010}}</ref> Gillard offered wider explanation of her motivations for replacing Rudd during the [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2012|2012 Labor leadership spill]] in which Rudd challenged Gillard to regain the Labor leadership, telling the media that the Rudd Government had entered a "period of paralysis" and that Rudd's work patterns were "difficult and chaotic".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-old/julia-gillard-responds-to-kevin-rudds-resignation-by-calling-leadership-ballot-for-monday/story-e6frfkvr-1226279217149 |title=SHE SAYS: 'Why I had to knife Kevin Rudd' – Gillard confirms leadership spill |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=23 February 2012 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> Upon her election by the Labor Party, Gillard said that she wouldn't move into [[The Lodge (Australia)|The Lodge]] until she was elected Prime Minister in her own right, instead choosing to divide her time between a flat in [[Canberra]] and her home in [[Altona, Victoria|Altona]], a western suburb of Melbourne.<ref name = "New PM">{{cite news|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/labor-party-was-losing-its-way-under-rudd-gillard-20100624-z10q.html|last=Levy |first= Megan |title=Labor Party was losing its way under Rudd: Gillard |date=24 June 2010 |newspaper=[[Brisbane Times]] |access-date=13 October 2010}}</ref> Gillard moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-moves-into-the-lodge-20100926-15s2x.html|title=Gillard moves into The Lodge|date=26 September 2010 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=26 September 2010}}</ref> As well as being the first female Prime Minister, and the first never to have married, Gillard is the first Prime Minister since [[Billy Hughes]] to have been born overseas.<ref name="theaustralian1">{{cite news|first1=Christian|last1=Kerr|last2=Franklin |first2=Matthew|title=Julia Gillard 'honoured' to become prime minister as Kevin Rudd stands aside|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/labor-leadership-ballot/story-e6frgczf-1225883589139|newspaper=[[The Australian]] |date=24 June 2010|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> The leadership question remained a feature of the [[Gillard Government]]'s terms in office, and amidst ongoing leadership speculation following an ABC TV ''[[Four Corners]]'' examination of the events leading up to Rudd's replacement which cast doubt on Gillard's insistence that she did not actively campaign for the Prime Ministership, Attorney-General [[Nicola Roxon]] spoke of Rudd's record in the following terms: "I don't think we should whitewash history – while there are a lot of very good things our government did with Kevin as prime minister, there were also a lot of challenges, and it's Julia who has seen through fixing a lot of those problems."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/julia-gillard-still-has-the-numbers-in-any-leadership-vote-with-kevin-rudd-says-nicola-roxon/story-fn3dxity-1226274606927 | title=Julia Gillard still has the numbers in any leadership vote with Kevin Rudd, says Nicola Roxon | date=18 February 2012 | work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> === 2010 election === {{Main|2010 Australian federal election}} [[File:Leaders of TPP member states.jpg|thumb|right|Gillard (3rd from left) attending a meeting of [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] member state leaders]] On 17 July 2010, 23 days after becoming prime minister and after receiving the agreement of the Governor-General Quentin Bryce, Gillard announced the next federal election would be held on 21 August 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSYU01029220100717 | work=Reuters | title=Australian PM Gillard calls August&nbsp;21 election | first=Balazs | last=Koranyi | date=17 July 2010}}</ref> Gillard began campaigning with a speech using the slogan "moving forward".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/19/2958335.htm |title=Gillard defends 'moving forward' mantra |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=19 July 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> In the early stages of the campaign, a series of leaks were released by purported Labor Party sources, indicating apparent divisions within Cabinet over the replacement of Kevin Rudd by Gillard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s2955277.htm |title=Gillard confronts questions over deal with Rudd |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=28 March 1989 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> Midway through the campaign, Gillard offered journalists a self-assessment of her campaign by saying that she had been paying too much attention to advisers in her strategy team, and she wanted to run a less "stage-managed" campaign:<ref>{{cite news|first=Phillip|last=Hudson|title= Julia Gillard ditches campaign script for the 'real' Julia but admits tactic is risky|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/national/gillard-ditches-campaign-script-for-the-real-julia/story-fn5z3z83-1225899731071|newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |date=2 August 2010|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> {{quote|I think it's time for me to make sure that the real Julia is well and truly on display, so I'm going to step up and take personal charge of what we do in the campaign from this point.}} Gillard met Opposition leader Tony Abbott for one official debate during the campaign. Studio audience surveys by [[Nine Network|Channel Nine]] and the [[Seven Network]] suggested a win to Gillard.<ref name="archer1">{{cite news| url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/leaders-debate-verdict-tony-abbott-vs-julia-gillard-so-who-won/story-e6frf7jx-1225896757237 | publisher=[[News.com.au]] | title=Leaders debate verdict: Tony Abbott vs Julia Gillard&nbsp;– so who won? | first=Lincoln | last=Archer | date=25 July 2010}}</ref> Unable to agree on further debates, the leaders went on to appear separately on stage for questioning at community forums in Sydney and [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]]. An audience exit poll of the Rooty Hill RSL audience indicated an Abbott victory.<ref>Collerton, Sarah. (12 August 2010). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/11/2980455.htm "Abbott named people's choice at Rooty Hill"]. ''[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]''. Retrieved 15 October 2010.</ref> Gillard won the audience poll at the Broncos Leagues Club meeting in Brisbane on 18 August.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/federal-election/gillard-and-abbott-faceoff-at-brisbane-forum-20100819-12fef.html |title=Undecided Voters Question Abbott And Gillard in Brisbane |work=Brisbane Times |date=19 August 2010| access-date= 15 October 2010}}</ref> Gillard also appeared on the ABC's Q&A program on 9 August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Julia Gillard joins Q and A |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s2971154.htm|work=Q&A|publisher=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]]|access-date=28 August 2013|date=9 August 2010}}</ref> On 7 August, Gillard was questioned by former Labor leader turned Channel Nine reporter Mark Latham.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mark Latham confronts Gillard|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1321817/Mark-Latham-confronts-Gillard|newspaper=[[SBS World News]]|date=7 August 2010|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Gillard officially "launched" Labor's campaign in Brisbane five days before polling day, outlining Labor policies and using the slogan: "Yes we will move forward together".<ref>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard launches Labor campaign five days before Australian election |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/16/julia-gillard-labor-australia-election|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 August 2010|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats<!-- The Coalition won 72, not 73 seats. Read 2010 election article and references. --> in the 150-seat House of Representatives,<ref name=72all>{{cite news|url=http://m.smh.com.au/federal-election/72-all--brisbane-to-coalition-and-corangamite-to-alp-20100827-13w1r.html |title=72 all&nbsp;– Brisbane to Coalition and Corangamite to ALP: SMH 28&nbsp;August 2010 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 August 2010 |access-date=30 August 2010 | first=Tim | last=Colebatch}}</ref> four short of the requirement for [[majority government]], resulting in the first hung parliament since the [[1940 Australian federal election|1940 election]]. Labor suffered an 11-seat swing, even though it won a bare majority of the two-party vote.<ref name="hung">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/21/2989767.htm |title=Voters leave Australia hanging |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=21 August 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11037486 |title=Australia count begins after tight election race |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=21 August 2010}}</ref> Both major party leaders sought to form a [[minority government]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11048968 |title=Australia heads for hung parliament |date=21 August 2010 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=21 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/26/2994071.htm |title=Where it's at: Independents' seven key demands |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=26 August 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/03/3002314.htm | title=Independents stand firm in face of fear campaign |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=3 September 2010 |access-date = 20 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/labor-ahead-in-strategic-power-game/story-e6frg6zo-1225914014166 |title=Labor ahead in strategic power game |work=[[The Australian]] |date=4 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/editorial/the-choice-for-the-independents-is-now-clearer-20100903-14uhi.html |title=The choice for the independents is now clearer |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=4 September 2010 }}</ref> Six [[crossbencher|crossbench]] [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] held the [[Balance of power (parliament)|balance of power]].<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/federal-election/climate/its-good-to-be-greens-as-balance-of-power-tipped-20100717-10f4t.html Stephanie Peatling and Heath Aston:''It's good to be Greens, as balance of power tipped'', in SMH, 18 July 2010]. Retrieved 19 August 2010.</ref><ref>Maher, Sid. (18 July 2010). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/greens-set-to-grab-balance-of-power/story-fn59niix-1225893667815 "Greens set to grab balance of power"]. ''[[The Australian]]''. Retrieved 19 August 2010.</ref> Four crossbench MPs, Greens [[Adam Bandt]] and independents [[Andrew Wilkie]], [[Rob Oakeshott]] and [[Tony Windsor]] declared their support for Labor on [[confidence and supply]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/abbott-digs-himself-a-hole-20100902-14rjp.html |title=Abbott's Costings Blow Out &#124; Wilkie Sides With Labor|work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=3 September 2010 |access-date=8 September 2010 | first=Michelle | last=Grattan}}</ref><ref name=3005179abc>Rodgers, Emma. (7 September 2010). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/07/3005179.htm "Labor day: Gillard retains grip on power"]. ''[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref> allowing Gillard and Labor to remain in power with a minority government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-seeks-mandate-to-take-australia-forward-20100717-10er7.html |title=Gillard seeks mandate to take Australia forward |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=8 August 2010 |first=Phillip | last=Coorey }}</ref><ref name="WaitFinallyOver">{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/wait-finally-over-as-independent-tony-windsor-choose-julia-gillard-as-prime-minister/story-e6frg6o6-1225915374245 |title=Wait finally over as Independent Tony Windsor chooses Julia Gillard as Prime Minister |date=7 September 2010 |access-date=7 September 2010 |work=[[The Australian]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/07/3005028.htm |title=Labor clings to power |first=Emma |last=Rodgers |date=7 September 2010 |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Governor-General Bryce swore in the [[Second Gillard Ministry]] on 14 September 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/gillard-sworn-in-as-pm-as-ministers-arrive-at-government-house-20100914-15aeq.html?autostart=1 |title=Gillard sworn in as PM as ministers arrive at Government House |work=The Age |date= 14 September 2010|access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> === Domestic policies === ====Economy==== Gillard came to office in the aftermath of the global [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]]. Government receipts fell during the international downturn and the Rudd Government had employed pump priming expenditure.<ref>{{cite news|first=Paul |last=Kelly |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/addiction-to-over-promising-in-julia-gillards-government-for-all-seasons/story-e6frg74x-1226537092324 |title=Addiction to over-promising in Julia Gillard's 'government for all seasons' |date=15 December 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013 |work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> Upon taking over as leader of the Labor Party on 24 June 2010, Gillard said she could "assure" Australians that the Federal Budget would be in surplus in 2013.<ref name="23 June Press Conference"/> The Government continued to promise this outcome until December 2012. Gillard initially ruled out a "[[carbon tax]]" but said that she would build community consensus for a price on carbon and open negotiations with the mining industry for a re-vamped mining profits tax.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name="23 June Press Conference">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdXlUdSBOYk |title=23 June Press Conference |publisher=YouTube |date=23 June 2010 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-becomes-first-female-pm-20100623-z0d4|title=Gillard becomes first female PM|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=24 June 2010 |access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Following the 2010 hung parliament election result, the Labor Party elected to adopt the Australian Greens preference for a carbon tax to transition to an emissions trading scheme, establishing a [[carbon price]] via the [[Clean Energy Act 2011]]. The government also introduced a revised Minerals Resource Rent Tax and the [[Flood levy|Queensland Flood Levy]]. The Gillard Government stressed a need to return the Federal Budget to surplus for the 2012–13 financial year, and Gillard said that there would be "no ifs no buts" about this promise and that "failure is not an option here and we won't fail".<ref>{{cite news|last=Blair |first=Tim |url=http://blogs.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/timblair/index.php/dailytelegraph/comments/failure_is_not_an_option/ |title=Failure is not an option|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|date=21 December 2012|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated13>Bolt, Andrew. (30 October 2012). {{cite news|url=http://blogs.news.com.au/heraldsun/andrewbolt/index.php/heraldsun/comments/gillard_no_longers_promises_her_surplus/ |title=Gillard no longer promises her surplus |work=[[Herald Sun]] |date=30 October 2012| access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> In his [[2012 Australian federal budget|2012–13 Budget]], Treasurer Swan announced that the government would deliver a $1.5&nbsp;billion surplus.<ref name=autogenerated10>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/treasury/budget-improves-on-may-forecast-with-smaller-deficit-than-predicted/story-fn59nsif-1226480129745 |title=Wayne Swan warns a revenue slump will make it harder to deliver a budget surplus |date=24 September 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013 |work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> The government cut defence and foreign aid spending.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3499386.htm |title=7.30: Prime Minister responds to budget and scandal |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|last=Uhlmann |first=Chris|date=9 May 2012 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> In December 2012, Swan announced that the government no longer expected to achieve a surplus, citing falling revenue and global economic conditions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/swan-says-budget-surplus-now-unlikely/story-e6frfku9-1226541184590 |title=Swan says budget surplus now unlikely |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=20 December 2012 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> ====Health==== Like her predecessor Rudd, Gillard had said that health is a priority in her agenda. She announced during the 2010 election, that there would be an increase of 270 placements for emergency doctors and nurses and 3,000 extra nursing scholarships over the following 10 years.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/27/2965258.htm | title=Rural doctors question Gillard pledge|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=27 July 2010 |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> She also said [[mental health]] would be a priority in her second term, with a $277&nbsp;million suicide-prevention package which would target high-risk groups.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/labor-to-expand-the-mental-health-front-line/story-fn59niix-1225897734559 |title= Labor to expand the mental health front line |work=[[The Australian]] |date=28 July 2010 |access-date=25 March 2011 |first1=Patricia |last1=Karvelas |first2=Adam |last2=Cresswell }}</ref> As the election delivered a hung parliament, a $1.8&nbsp;billion package was given to rural hospitals, which was agreed to by the independents to support her re-election.<ref name=3005179abc/> In October 2010, her government introduced legislation to reform funding arrangements for the health system, with the intention of giving the Commonwealth responsibility for providing the majority of funding to public hospitals and 100 per cent of funding for primary care and GP services.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F314546%22|title=Transcript of joint press conference: 25 October 2010: Pink Ribbon Day; health funding; MRRT; John Howard's biography; abortion; Caucus; health specialists; interest rates; Prime Minister's travel|date=25 October 2010|access-date=2 January 2015|work=Parliament of Australia}}</ref> In February 2011, Gillard announced extensive revision of the original health funding reforms proposed by the Rudd Government, which had been unable to secure the support of all state governments. The revised Gillard government plan proposed that the federal government move towards providing 50% of new health funding (and not 60 per cent as originally agreed) and removed the requirement of the states to cede a proportion of their [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]] revenue to the Federal Government to fund the new arrangement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/julia-gillard-details-revamped-health-reform-package-with-the-states-before-coag/story-fn59niix-1226004336983|title=Tony Abbott says Julia Gillard's revamped health reform package is yet another backdown|date=11 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011|work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> The new agreement was supported by all state premiers and chief ministers<ref>{{cite news|first=Matthew |last=Franklin|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/gillard-seals-health-overhaul/story-e6frg6n6-1226005407694 |title=Gillard seals health overhaul |work=[[The Australian]] |date=14 February 2011 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> and signed on 2 August.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/states-sign-gillards-20b-health-deal/story-fn3dxity-1226106893492 | title=States sign Gillard's $20b health deal | date=2 August 2011 | agency=Australian Associated Press | work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> ====Immigration==== In relation to population targets for Australia, Gillard told [[Fairfax Media]] in August 2010 that while skilled migration is important: "I don't support the idea of a [[big Australia]]". Gillard also altered the nomenclature of [[Tony Burke]]'s role as "Minister for Population" to that of "Minister for Sustainable Population".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/27/2938009.htm |title=Gillard shuts door on 'big Australia' |date=26 June 2010 |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> The Government released a "sustainable population strategy" in May 2011 which did not specify a target population.<ref name="Even Bigger Australia">{{cite news|title=Big Australia? Try for size Even Bigger Australia: research|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/big-australia-try-for-size-even-bigger-australia-research-20110515-1enui.html|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=15 May 2011}}</ref> In October 2011 trade minister [[Craig Emerson]] released a paper with Gillard's approval which advocated for continued rapid rates of population growth.<ref>{{cite news|title=Big Australia back on the agenda, says Craig Emerson|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/big-australia-back-on-the-agenda/story-fn9hm1gu-1226154435021|date=1 October 2011|first=Matthew|last=Franklin|publisher=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> [[File:Julia Gillard speaking at the National Flag Raising and Citizenship ceremony.jpg|thumb|Gillard speaking at the National Flag Raising and Citizenship ceremony in Canberra, on 26 January 2013]] After winning leadership of the Labor Party, Gillard identified addressing the issue of unauthorised arrivals of asylum seekers as a priority of her government. She announced that negotiations were underway for a return to "offshore processing" of asylum seeker claims. Gillard ruled out a return to processing at [[Nauru]] and named [[East Timor]] as a preferred location for new detention and processing facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/07/2946786.htm |title=This is no Pacific Solution: Gillard |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=7 July 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-07-13/smith-still-backs-asylum-plan/901834 |title=Smith still backs asylum plan |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=13 July 2010 |access-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> The East Timorese government rejected the plan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Kelly |title= East Timor's parliament rejects Gillard plan for regional asylum-seeker centre |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/east-timors-parliament-rejects-gillard-plan-for-regional-asylum-seeker-centre/story-e6frgczf-1225890881986 |work=[[The Australian]] | date=25 July 2010 |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> In October 2010, her government announced that it would open two detention centres for 2000 immigrants, due to the pressures in allowing women and children to be released into the community. One was to be opened in [[Inverbrackie, South Australia]], and one in [[Northam, Western Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/pm-julia-gillard-softens-detention-stance/story-fn59niix-1225940414154 |title=PM Julia Gillard softens detention stance |work=[[The Australian]] |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011 |first1=Patricia |last1=Karvelas |first2=Paul |last2=Maley}}</ref> She said it would be a short-term solution to the problem and that temporary detention centres would be closed. On 15 December 2010, a ship containing 89 asylum seekers crashed on the shore of [[Christmas Island]], killing up to fifty people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/timeline-of-christmas-island-tragedy/story-e6frfkvr-1225972208620 |title=Timeline of Christmas Island tragedy |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=16 December 2010 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/9477127/ |title=Christmas Island tragedy left 'more dead than alive' |work=[[The West Australian]]|date=19 May 2011 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> Refugee and migrant advocates condemned the government's hardline policy as responsible for the tragedy,<ref>{{cite news|title=The tragedy that shames Australia|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/the-tragedy-that-shames-australia-2161625.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 December 2010|first1=Kathy|last1=Marks}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Refugee advocate blames Government, Andrew Bolt calls for Julia Gillard's resignation|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/refugee-advocate-blames-government-for-christmas-island-boat-deaths-andrew-bolt-calls-for-julia-gillards-resignation/story-e6frfkvr-1225971895724|publisher=news.com.au|date=16 December 2010}}</ref> and Labor Party President [[Anna Bligh]] called for a complete review of the party's asylum seeker policy.<ref name=xmasbligh>{{cite news|title=Christmas Island tragedy forces review of ALP's asylum stance|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/chritmas-island-tragedy-forces-review-of-alps-asylum-stance/story-fn59niix-1225972457596|work=[[The Australian]]|date=17 December 2010|first1=Jamie|last1=Walker|first2=Paul|last2=Maley}}</ref> Gillard returned early from holidays in response to the crash, and to review asylum seeker policy.<ref name=xmasbligh /> Some months later Gillard would announce "The Malaysia Solution" in response.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prime Minister Julia Gillard wins backing on Malaysia Solution|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/pm-facing-malaysian-deadlock-as-coalition-refuses-to-budge-on-nauru/story-fn59niix-1226134614843|work=[[The Australian]]|date=12 September 2011|first=James|last=Massola}}</ref> In April 2011, Australia's federal government confirmed that a detention centre for single men would be built at the old army barracks at [[Pontville]], 45 minutes north of [[Hobart]], Tasmania. This immigration detention centre would house up to 400 refugees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2011/04/05/220051_tasmania-news.html |title=Detention centre for Pontville Tasmania News |work=The Mercury |date=5 April 2011 |access-date=31 July 2011}}</ref> Also in April 2011, immigration detainees at the Villawood detention centre rioted in protest of their treatment, setting fire to several buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-04-21/buildings-torched-in-villawood-riot/2607462 |title=Buildings torched in Villawood riot |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> In May 2011, Gillard announced that Australia and [[Malaysia]] were finalising an arrangement to exchange asylum seekers. Gillard and Immigration Minister [[Chris Bowen]] said they were close to signing a bilateral agreement which would result in 800 asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat being taken to Malaysia instead. Australia would take 4,000 people from Malaysia who have previously been assessed as being refugees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/gillard-announces-malaysian-solution-20110507-1ed0h.html |title=Gillard announces Malaysian solution |work=[[The Age]] |date=7 May 2011 |access-date=12 June 2011}}</ref> However, on 31 August, the [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] ruled that the agreement to transfer refugees from Australia to Malaysia was invalid, and ordered that it not proceed. Australia would still accept 4,000 people who have been assessed as refugees in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|title=High Court scuttles Malaysia swap deal|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-31/high-court-rules-on-asylum-seeker-challenge/2864218|access-date=31 August 2011|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=31 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Gordon |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-malaysia-solution-is-shipwrecked-20110831-1jmfm.html |title=The Malaysia solution is shipwrecked |work=[[The Age]] |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> The asylum seeker debate returned during August 2012 following the report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, led by retired [[Air Chief Marshal (Australia)|Air Chief Marshall]] [[Angus Houston]]. Accepting the panel's recommendation, Gillard on 12 August 2012 announced that a bill then before Parliament would be amended to allow the Government to choose sites for off-shore processing. At the same time she announced the Government would nominate the former detention centres on Nauru and [[Manus Island]], Papua New Guinea to be re-opened.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/labor-caucus-backs-expert-panel-on-asylum-policy/story-fn9hm1gu-1226449423972 |title=Labor to act quickly to reopen Nauru, PNG asylum-seeker processing centres |last=Packham |first=Ben |work=[[The Australian]] |date=12 August 2012 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> The amended bill passed with the support of the Opposition on 16 August 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/offshore-asylum-laws-through-parliament/story-fndo1sx1-1226451444495 |title=Offshore asylum laws through Parliament |date=16 August 2012 |newspaper=Adelaide Now |first=Anna |last=Caldwell |agency=Australian Associated Press |access-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> ====Education==== Gillard held the responsibilities of the Education portfolio for four days after becoming Prime Minister, before appointing Simon Crean as [[Minister for Education (Australia)|Education Minister]] on 28 June 2010. Following the 2010 election, [[Peter Garrett]] assumed the role of Minister for Education, where he remained until June 2013. Gillard also altered the nomenclature of "Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research" to comprise [[Tertiary education in Australia|tertiary education]]; [[Chris Evans (Australian politician)|Chris Evans]], Chris Bowen, and later, [[Craig Emerson]], each served as [[Minister for Industry, Innovation and Science (Australia)#List of science ministers|Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research]] in the Gillard Government. At the July 2010 National Press Club, Gillard stated "I will make education central to my economic agenda because of the role it plays in developing the skills that lead to rewarding and satisfying work – and that can build a high-productivity, high-participation economy."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/pm-julia-gillards-speech-to-the-national-press-club-moving-forward-to-a-stronger-and-fairer-economy/story-e6frgczf-1225892159728 |title=PM Julia Gillard's speech to the National Press Club – Moving forward to a stronger and fairer economy |work=[[The Australian]] |date= 15 July 2010|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/gillard-mum-on-rudd-resignation-deal-20100715-10c1x.html?from=age_sb |title=Gillard mum on Rudd 'resignation deal' claim |work=[[The Age]] |date= 15 July 2010|access-date=8 August 2010}}</ref> The Gillard Government in January 2011 extended tax cuts to parents to help pay for stationery, textbooks or computer equipment under the Education Tax Refund scheme.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/keep-your-backtoschool-receipts-pm-20110106-19h24.html | title=Keep your back-to-school receipts: PM | date=6 January 2011 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> As Education Minister under Rudd, Gillard commissioned [[David Gonski]] to be chairman of a committee to make recommendations regarding funding of education in Australia. The findings and recommendations of the committee were later presented to the Gillard Government in November 2011, whereafter deliberations were entered into by the Federal and state governments to consider its content. The committee's report is known as the [[Gonski Report]].<ref>(2 August 2013). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-27/whats-in-the-gonski-report/4219508 "What's in the Gonski Report?"]. ''[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]''. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Subsequently, the proposed reforms (an increase in funding) became known as "Gonski" and supporters urged governments to "Give a Gonski". The report was removed from the government website by the newly elected [[Abbott Government]] after the [[2013 Australian federal election|2013 Federal election]] and is preserved by Australia's [[Pandora Archive]].<ref>(December 2011). [http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/132421/20131129-1201/Review-of-Funding-for-Schooling-Final-Report.pdf Gonski Review of Funding for Schooling Final Report]. ''[[Pandora Archive]]''. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Gillard continued to put the [[My School]] website centre of her education agenda, which was controversial at the time when she implemented it as Minister for Education. Although it was popular amongst parents, the website helped parents view statistics of the school their children attended. She had since unveiled the revamped version, My School 2.0, promising better information to parents.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/national/myschool-20-website-to-give-parents-better-information-about-their-childs-education/story-e6frfkvr-1225955326426 | work=The Courier-Mail | first1=Emma | last1=Chalmers | first2=Tanya | last2=Chilcott | title=MySchool 2.0 website to give parents better information about their child's education | date=18 November 2010}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Universities also placed highly on her education agenda. Legislation which would have been voted on in November 2010 would have seen the introduction of a national universities regulator; however, this was delayed until 2011 following criticisms from the higher education sector. It was also announced by her government that legislation to establish the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency would also be introduced early 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/education/delay-for-uni-standards-legislation-20101115-17ufn.html | work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | title=Delay for uni standards legislation | date=16 November 2010}}</ref> ====Climate change==== The Rudd [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] opposition promised to implement an [[emissions trading scheme]] (ETS) before the 2007 federal election which Labor won. Rudd, unable to secure support for his scheme in the Senate, dropped it. During his 2012 leadership challenge against Gillard's prime ministership, Rudd said that it was Gillard and Swan who convinced him to delay his Emissions Trading Scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/rudd-i-was-framed-for-julias-mistakes/story-e6frfkvr-1226280784182 |title=Rudd: 'I was framed for Julia's mistakes'|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|date=24 February 2012 |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref> In the 2010 election campaign, Gillard pledged to build a "national consensus" for a carbon price by creating a "citizens assembly", to examine "the evidence on climate change, the case for action and the possible consequences of introducing a market-based approach to limiting and reducing carbon emissions", over the course of one year. The assembly was to be selected by an independent authority who would select people from the electoral roll using census data.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-election/pm-pledges-peoples-assembly-on-climate-20100722-10myh.html |work=[[The Age]] | first1=Adam | last1=Morton | first2=Tom | last2=Arup | title=PM pledges 'people's assembly' on climate | date=23 July 2010}}</ref> The plan was never implemented. After the 2010 Election, Gillard agreed to form a minority government with the Greens and Independents and replaced her "citizens assembly" plan with a climate change panel consisting of Labor, Greens and independent members of the Australian parliament.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/labor-greens-strike-alliance-deal-for-stable-government/story-e6frg6n6-1225912672100 | title=Gillard PM dumps citizens assembly as Labor, Greens strike alliance deal | date=1 September 2010 | work=[[The Australian]] | first1=James | last1=Massola | first2=Samantha | last2=Maiden}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> The panel ultimately announced backing for a temporary carbon tax, leading up to an Emissions Trading Scheme. During the 2010 election campaign, Gillard also said that no carbon tax would be introduced under a government she led.<ref name=NoCarbonTax>{{cite news|title=PM says no carbon tax under her govt|url=http://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-national/pm-says-no-carbon-tax-under-her-govt-20100816-126ru.html|access-date=25 January 2016|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=16 August 2010}}</ref> In the first hung parliament result in 70 years, the Gillard Government, with the support of the Australian Greens and some cross bench independents, negotiated the implementation of a carbon tax (the preferred policy of the Australian Greens), by which a fixed-price carbon tax would proceed to a floating-price ETS within a few years under the plans. The government proposed the Clean Energy Bill in February 2011,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/24/3147523.htm |last=Leslie |first=Tim|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date= 24 February 2011 |title=Gillard unveils Carbon Price Details}}</ref> which the opposition claimed to be a broken election promise.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/pm-gambles-on-carbon-tax-slug/story-e6frf7l6-1226011659564 |title=Tony Abbott calls for election on carbon tax |newspaper=Herald Sun |last=Hudson |first=Phillip |date=26 February 2011 |access-date=5 May 2011}}</ref> The bill was passed by the [[Australian House of Representatives|Lower House]] in October 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/carbon-tax-bills-pass-lower-house-of-federal-parliament/story-fn7x8me2-1226164570957|title=Carbon tax bills pass lower house of federal Parliament|first=Matt|last=Johnston|work=Herald Sun |date=12 October 2011|access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> and the [[Australian Senate|Upper House]] in November 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/carbon-tax-gets-green-light-in-senate-20111108-1n4rp.html |title=Carbon tax gets green light in Senate: SMH 8 November 2011 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=8 November 2011 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> ====Poker machines==== In 2010, Gillard agreed with [[Nick Xenophon]], Andrew Wilkie and the [[Australian Greens]] to introduce [[poker machine]] reform legislation (to curb problem gambling) into the Australian parliament by May 2012. After members of the [[cross bench]] advised that they would not support this bill in the Australian House of Representatives, Gillard withdrew her support. Wilkie said that many Australians felt "very let down by the PM", and fellow anti-gambling campaigner Xenophon accused the Prime Minister of "backstabbing the person who put her in office".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mpegmedia.abc.net.au/rn/podcast/2012/01/bst_20120123_0732.mp3 |title=Interview with PM Julia Gillard |work=[[Radio National]] AM |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref> On 21 January 2012, Wilkie announced that he was withdrawing his support for the Gillard Government after it broke the agreement he had signed with Gillard to implement mandatory [[precommitment]] for all poker machines by 2014. He stated that he would support the government's alternative plan to trial pre-commitment in the ACT and require that pre-commitment technology be installed in all poker machines built from 2013, but that this fell short of what he had been promised in return for supporting the government.<ref name="Wilkie withdraws support">{{cite news|title=Wilkie withdraws support over broken pokies deal|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-21/wilkie-withdraws-support-over-broken-pokies-deal/3786040|access-date=21 January 2012|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=21 January 2012}}</ref> In response, Gillard and [[Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (Australia)|Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs]] Jenny Macklin argued that there was not enough support in the House of Representatives for Wilkie's preferred option for it to be passed, and that they had been advised it was technically unfeasible to implement mandatory commitment within the time frame he had specified.<ref name="PM unveils compromise deal">{{cite news|last=Peatling|first=Stephanie|title=PM unveils compromise deal over pokies reform|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/pm-unveils-compromise-deal-over-pokies-reform-20120121-1qb1m.html|access-date=2 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=21 January 2012}}</ref> ====Same-sex marriage==== The [[2011 Australian Labor Party National Conference|triennial Labor conference]] held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a [[conscience vote]] to parliament through a [[private member's bill]], rather than a binding vote.<ref name="tacticalswitch">{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/wake-up-call-that-drove-pm-towards-tactical-switch/story-fnba0rxe-1226213616969 | first=Matthew | last=Franklin | title=Wake-up call that drove PM towards tactical switch | date=5 December 2011 | work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> Despite Gillard, who had previously stated her personal objection to same-sex marriage, the motion passed narrowly by 208 votes to 184.<ref name="ssmpassed">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-12-03/labor-votes-for-conscience-vote-on-same-sex-marriage/3710828|title=Labor decides on conscience vote for gay marriage|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=22 January 2012|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="ssmpassed2">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/gay-marriage-free-vote-a-pot-of-gold-at-end-of-labor-deal/story-e6frfkvr-1226212487275|title=Labor backs same-sex marriage|work=News Corporation|date=4 December 2011 |access-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> In February 2012, two bills to allow same-sex marriage in Australia were introduced in the 43rd Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inquiry into the Marriage Equality Amendment Bill 2012 and the Marriage Amendment Bill 2012|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=spla/bill%20marriage/index.htm|publisher=House Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs|access-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> On 19 September 2012, the House of Representatives voted against passing its same-sex marriage bill by a margin of 98–42 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-19/same-sex-marriage-bill-voted-down/4270016|title=Lower House votes down same-sex marriage bill|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=19 September 2012 |access-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> On 21 September 2012, the Senate also voted down its same-sex marriage legislation, by a vote of 41–26.<ref name="samesexdownabc">{{cite news|last1=Cullen|first1=Simon|title=Lower House votes down same-sex marriage bill|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-19/same-sex-marriage-bill-voted-down/4270016|access-date=20 May 2016|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=19 September 2012}}</ref> ====Forced adoptions==== On 21 March 2013, Gillard delivered a national apology on behalf of the Australian Parliament to all those affected by the [[Forced adoption in Australia|forced adoption practices]] that took place in Australia from the late–1950s to the 1970s.<ref name="Apology1">{{cite news|last=Wright, Tony|first=and Wroe, David|title=Forced adoptions apology was PM at her finest|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/forced-adoptions-apology-was-pm-at-her-finest-20130321-2giu5.html|access-date=7 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=22 March 2013}}</ref> The apology, held in the Great Hall of [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]], was well–received by the 800 attendees, most of whom were victims or shared a connection to these practices.<ref name="Apology1"/> Gillard opened her speech by announcing that the Parliament would take responsibility for the practice of forced adoptions:<ref name="Apology2">{{cite news|title=Gillard delivers apology to victims of forced adoption |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-21/gillard-delivers-apology-to-victims-of-forced-adoption/4585972|access-date=7 January 2015|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=21 March 2013}}</ref> {{quote|Today, this Parliament, on behalf of the Australian people, takes responsibility and apologises for the policies and practices that forced the separation of mothers from their babies which created a lifelong legacy of pain and suffering.}} In the speech, Gillard committed to $5&nbsp;million worth of specialist support and records tracing for victims of forced adoptions, and an additional $1.5&nbsp;million towards the [[National Archives of Australia]] "to record the experiences of those affected by forced adoption through a special exhibition."<ref name="Apologytranscript">{{cite news|last=Gillard|first=Julia|title=National Apology for Forced Adoptions, Prime Minister Julia Gillard in Canberra, Thursday March 21, 2013 (transcript)|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/national-apology-for-forced-adoptions-prime-minister-julia-gillard-in-canberra-thursday-march-21-2013/story-e6frfkp9-1226602880063|access-date=7 January 2015|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|date=23 March 2013}}</ref> === Foreign affairs === [[File:Secretary Clinton Shakes Hands With Australian Prime Minister Gillard (5510083265).jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton shakes hands with Gillard, March 8, 2011]] During her first major international tour as prime minister in late 2010, Gillard told ABC TV's ''[[The 7.30 Report|7.30 Report]]'':<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2010/s3030288.htm |title=7.30—Gillard on Afghanistan |work=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> {{quote|Foreign policy is not my passion. It's not what I've spent my life doing. You know, I came into politics predominantly to make a difference to opportunity questions, particularly make a difference in education. So, yes, if I had a choice I'd probably more be in a school watching kids learn to read in Australia than here in Brussels at international meetings.}} When Gillard replaced Rudd in 2010, [[Stephen Smith (Australian politician)|Stephen Smith]] retained the portfolio of Foreign Affairs up until the 2010 election, when he was moved to Defence. Following her 2010 election victory, Gillard selected her former leader Kevin Rudd (a career diplomat) as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Foreign Minister]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kevin Rudd new Foreign Minister|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/kevin-rudd-new-foreign-minister/news-story/35cf19953c621d9e1afa44af5d6ae0bd|access-date=28 March 2017|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|date=11 September 2010}}</ref> After Rudd's unsuccessful [[#2012 leadership vote|leadership challenge]] in February 2012, Gillard appointed [[Bob Carr]] to succeed Rudd as Foreign Affairs Minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bob Carr to take foreign affairs role| first1=Jessica | last1=Wright | first2=Judith | last2=Ireland |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/bob-carr-to-take-foreign-affairs-role-20120302-1u731.html|access-date=28 March 2017|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=2 March 2012}}</ref> When Gillard was not present in the Australia due to international commitments, or in other circumstances, Wayne Swan assumed the title of [[acting prime minister]]; when neither leader nor deputy were present in Australia, [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)|Leader of the Government in the Senate]] [[Chris Evans (Australian politician)|Chris Evans]] assumed the role, as occurred in October and November 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kiwi Bali bomb victims remembered |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/7808982/Kiwi-Bali-bomb-victims-remembered|access-date=28 March 2017|work=[[Stuff.co.nz]]|date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AS IT HAPPENED: Barack Obama defeats Mitt Romney to win second term as US president|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/live-barack-obama-mitt-romney-in-final-stretch-of-election-2012/news-story/a863cb84eb3d875da6978071548aa180|access-date=28 March 2017|work=[[News.com.au]]|date=16 November 2012}}</ref> After the creation of a no-fly zone, which Foreign Minister [[Kevin Rudd]] vocally supported, Gillard voiced strong support for the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-19/australia-s-gillard-backs-military-action-to-end-libya-violence.html|title=Australia's Gillard Backs Military Action to End Libya Violence|first=Jacob|last=Greber|agency=Bloomberg L.P.|date=20 March 2011 }}</ref> The Gillard Government released the ''Asian Century White Paper'' in October 2012, offering a strategic framework for "Australia's navigation of the Asian Century". The report included focus on Australia's relations with China, [[India]], the key [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] countries as well as Japan and [[South Korea]].<ref>[http://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/whitepaperwhitepaper.html 'Australia in the Asian Century' White Paper]. Australian Embassy (China). Retrieved 4 January 2016</ref> On 19 October 2012, Australia [[2012 United Nations Security Council election|secured election]] to a seat as a [[UN Security Council|Non-Permanent Member of the United Nations Security Council]]. The initiative had been launched by the Rudd Government, and further pursued under the Gillard Government.<ref>{{cite news|last= Eastley, Tony and|first=Millar, Lisa|title=Australia wins seat on UN Security Council |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-19/australia-wins-seat-on-un-security-council/4321946|access-date=4 January 2016|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=19 October 2012}}</ref> ====Afghanistan==== [[File:Julia Gillard with Gen David H Petraeus Oct 2010.jpg|thumb|Gillard with General [[David Petraeus]], the commander of the [[International Security Assistance Force]], during a visit to Afghanistan on 2 October 2010]] On her first day as prime minister, Gillard reassured US president [[Barack Obama]] of Australia's continuing support for the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|military campaign]] in Afghanistan, which was then in its ninth year of operation.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/gillards-fawning-over-obama-a-bad-start-on-diplomatic-front-20100629-zj3h.html | work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | title=Gillard's fawning over Obama a bad start on diplomatic front | first=Scott | last=Burchill | date=30 June 2010}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> She visited Afghanistan on 2 October 2010, meeting with members of the [[Australian Defence Force]] in [[Tarinkot]], and President [[Hamid Karzai]] in [[Kabul]]. The visit marked her first foreign trip as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gillard makes surprise visit to Afghanistan|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/03/3028064.htm|access-date=3 October 2010|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Following the visit, A parliamentary debate was conducted for four sitting weeks of parliament in November 2010, with the agreement between Gillard and Abbott that it would be necessary for Australian soldiers to stay in Afghanistan and prevent it from becoming a safe haven for terrorists.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/australian-prime-minister-gillard-closes-debate-on-afghanistan/story-e6frfku0-1225955429143 | agency=Australian Associated Press | first=Andrea | last=Hayward | title=Australian Prime Minister Gillard closes debate on Afghanistan | date=18 November 2010}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> She made her second trip to Afghanistan on 7 November 2011; much like her first trip, Gillard visited the 1,550 Australian troops based in Tarinkot, before meeting Karzai in Kabul where the two discussed the transition plans for Afghan military control. Whilst in Kabul, she opened Australia's newest [[List of diplomatic missions of Australia#Asia|embassy]] in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-makes-surprise-afghanistan-visit-20111106-1n2f0.html | first=Andrew | last=Probyn | title=Gillard makes surprise Afghanistan visit | date=7 November 2011 | access-date=27 March 2017| work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> In April 2012, Gillard announced at a speech to the [[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]] that her government would withdraw all Australian combat forces from Afghanistan by the end of 2013, a year earlier than anticipated; nevertheless, she also committed Australia to long-term military and financial support for Afghanistan in the years following the 2014 transition to military control.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/afghan-exit-plan-starts-in-months-as-julia-gillard-reveals-timetable/news-story/f8f44b8e2414fd9ebaedffdb47d51908 | first1=Michelle | last1=Grattan | title=Most troops home by next year's end | date=17 April 2012 | access-date=27 March 2017| work=[[The Australian]]| author1-link=Michelle Grattan }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/most-troops-home-by-next-years-end-20120416-1x3ug.html | first=Andrew | last=Probyn | title=Gillard makes surprise Afghanistan visit | date=17 April 2012 | access-date=27 March 2017| work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Gillard made her third and final trip to the country on 15 October 2012, where she met with President Kurzai, the governor of the [[List of governors of Urozgan|Urozgan]] Province, before visiting the troops based in the aforementioned province.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-makes-surprise-afghanistan-visit-20111106-1n2f0.html | first=Sid | last=Maher | title=Gillard in surprise visit to troops in Afghanistan | date=15 October 2012 | access-date=27 March 2017| work=[[The Weekend Australian]]}}</ref> ====India==== [[File:The Prime Minister of Australia, Ms. Julia Gillard being received by the Minister of State for Communications and Information Technology, Shri Sachin Pilot, at Air Force Station, Palam, in New Delhi on October 15, 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Gillard welcomed by the Minister of State for Communications and Information Technology, Shri Sachin Pilot, in [[New Delhi]] on October 15, 2012]] Relations between [[Australia–India relations|Australia and India]] improved throughout Gillard's premiership, following a strained period between the two countries as a result of the Rudd Government's decision to ban [[uranium]] sales to India in 2007, and the prolonged attacks against [[Indian Australians|Indians living in Australia]] during 2009 to 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.australiaunlimited.com/society/forging-bilateral-ties | first=Brad | last=Howarth | title=Forging bilateral ties | date=24 January 2013 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=Australia Unlimited}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wilkie|first1=Simone|title=Nov/Dec 2013 Australian Defence Force|url=http://www.adfjournal.adc.edu.au/UserFiles/issues/192%202013%20Nov_Dec.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203230936/http://www.adfjournal.adc.edu.au/UserFiles/issues/192%202013%20Nov_Dec.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2014|journal=Australian Defence Force Journal|date=25 November 2013|issue=192|page=91|access-date=26 March 2017}}</ref> In November 2011, Gillard announced a desire to allow uranium exports to India, as a matter of "national interest, a decision about strengthening our strategic partnership with India in this the Asian century."<ref name="BBC News">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16021428 |title=Australia's Labor party backs uranium sales to India |work=[[BBC News]] |date=4 December 2011 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> The Rudd Government had previously blocked uranium sales to India as a result of the Indian Government not being a signatory of the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/in-depth/labor-backs-sale-of-uranium-to-india/story-fnba0rxe-1226213416704 | first=Ben | last=Packham | title=Labor backs sale of uranium to India | date=4 December 2011 | access-date=4 January 2016| work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/an-opportunity-for-sound-and-fury-signifying-something-20111114-1nfi3.html?skin=text-only |title=An opportunity for sound and fury signifying something |work=[[The Age]] |date=15 November 2011 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-11-15/pm-proposes-lifting-uranium-ban/3666362 |title=PM changes mind on uranium sales to India |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=15 November 2011 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> The change in policy was supported a month later at the Labor Party National Conference, and Gillard reversed Australia's ban on exporting uranium to India on 4 December 2011. Gillard further expressed that any future agreement to sell uranium to India would include strict safeguards to ensure it would only be used for civilian purposes, and not end up in nuclear weapons.<ref name="BBC News"/> Gillard made her prime-ministerial visit to India on 16 October 2012, for a three-day bilateral meeting with Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], where they negotiated the safeguards required prior to the commencement of uranium trading between India and Australia.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/archive/news/prime-minister-julia-gillard-will-start-negotiations-to-sell-uranium-to-india/news-story/d26db9c9aed2c9a508f7deee4e608466 | first=Phillip | last=Hudson | title=Prime Minister Julia Gillard will start negotiations to sell uranium to India | date=16 October 2012 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/pms-visit-opens-new-chapter-with-india-20121018-27tvd.html | first1=Michelle | last1=Grattan | first2=Ben | last2=Doherty | title=PM's visit opens new chapter with India | date=19 October 2012 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]| author1-link=Michelle Grattan }}</ref> The prospect of a quick trading arrangement was downplayed by both leaders in 2012;<ref>{{cite news| url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-australia-nuclear-idINDEE89G0C520121017 | first1=Matthias | last1=Williams | first2=Devidutta | last2=Tripathy | title=India, Australia weigh uranium deal during Gillard visit | date=16 October 2012 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> nevertheless, Gillard's efforts in brokering the deal was a precursor of the agreement being finalised between Prime Minister Tony Abbott and his Indian counterpart, [[Narendra Modi]], in 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/program/connect-asia/gillard-paves-the-way-for-uranium-sales-to-india/1032546?autoplay=1032456 | first=Michael| last=Edwards | title=Gillard paves the way for uranium sales to India | date=18 October 2012 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[Radio Australia]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/pm-tony-abbott-sign-julia-gillard-brokered-uranium-deal-india-1350899 | first=Vittorio| last=Hernandez | title=PM Tony Abbott to Sign Julia Gillard-Brokered Uranium Deal With India | date=19 August 2014 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref> This was her second trip to India whilst in Government; on 31 August 2009, Gillard, then–deputy prime minister, met in India with Minister of Human Resource Development [[Kapil Sibal]] for the purpose of discussing the Australian Government's response to the string of attacks on Indian people living in Australia and attending Australian educational institutions.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/foreign-student-issue-requires-decisive-action/news-story/21d3b816f90d7f85154fd2bc0a4e1acd | first=Maria | last=Moscaritolo | title=Foreign student issue requires decisive action | date=1 September 2009 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1921482,00.html | first=Sharon| last=Verghis | title=Australia: Attacks on Indian Students Raise Racism Cries | date=10 September 2009 | access-date=26 March 2017| work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]}}</ref> ====New Zealand==== Gillard maintained the close bonds between [[Australia–New Zealand relations|Australia and New Zealand]] throughout her tenure as prime minister. She had a close working relationship with her New Zealand counterpart, Prime Minister [[John Key]], who was among the first international leaders to congratulate Gillard on gaining the premiership in June 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/3849127/Gillard-first-female-Aussie-PM | first1=Alex| last1=Van Well |first2=Tracy | last2=Watkins | title=Gillard first female Aussie PM | date=24 June 2010 | access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The Press]]}}</ref> In late 2010, the [[World Trade Organization]] overturned Australia's 1921 import restriction on New Zealand apples on the basis such ban was 'unscientific', after the New Zealand Government had appealed against a decision by the Rudd Government which imposed further quarantine measures.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world-trade-organisation/news/article.cfm?o_id=251&objectid=10691132 | first=Derek| last=Cheng | title=Australia bows to ruling on NZ apples | date=1 December 2010| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> Gillard and Key had previously made a symbolic bet on the outcome of the [[2011 Rugby World Cup]] held in New Zealand, whereby the losing team of either leader would eat an apple of whichever of the two countries won; New Zealand won, and Gillard would later honour the bet in February 2013, during a dinner with Key.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://thewest.com.au/news/australia/pm-has-bite-of-bet-losing-apple-ng-ya-282429 | title=PM has bite of bet-losing apple | date=9 February 2013| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The West Australian]]}}</ref> On 15 February 2011, Gillard made her first trip to New Zealand, during which she met with Key and held a luncheon with business leaders in [[Auckland]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-02-15/gillard-arrives-in-nz/1943058 | title=Gillard arrives in NZ | date=15 February 2011| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref> It marked the first New Zealand visit of a prime minister since Howard visited in 2007.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3140734.htm | first=Naomi | last=Woodley | title=Gillard gives historic speech to NZ Parliament | date=16 February 2011| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref> To conclude her two-day visit to New Zealand, Gillard travelled to [[Wellington]] on 16 February, where she became the first foreign dignitary to address the [[49th New Zealand Parliament|New Zealand Parliament]] in its history.<ref name="speechinnz">{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-02-16/gillard-praises-ties-with-new-zealand/1944680 | title=Gillard praises ties with New Zealand | date=16 February 2011| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref> In her speech, Gillard reflected on the countries' close ties to one another, their shared defence history, and efforts to increase economic cooperation.<ref name="speechinnz"/> Her second visit to New Zealand, coincided with the September 2011 gathering of the [[Pacific Islands Forum]], held in Auckland, of which both Australia and New Zealand are members.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/8764110/Julia-Gillard-told-to-get-on-wives-bus-at-Pacific-Forum.html | first=Paul | last=Chapman | title=Gillard gives historic speech to NZ Parliament | date=15 September 2011| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Gillard made her final trip to New Zealand on 9 February 2013; visiting [[Queenstown, New Zealand|Queenstown]], she and Prime Minister Key announced a deal on asylum seekers, which would see New Zealand accept 150 refugees annually from Australia, starting in 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-strikes-refugee-deal-with-new-zealand-20130208-2e4pf.html | first=Tracy | last=Watkins | title=Gillard strikes refugee deal with New Zealand | date=9 February 2013| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/new-zealand-to-take-asylum-seekers-from-australia/news-story/0c1e8c7d37efd154b8756ba337b141b2 | first=Brendan | last=Nicholson | title=New Zealand to take 150 asylum-seekers from Australia | date=10 February 2013| access-date=28 March 2017| work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> ====United Kingdom==== In relations with the United Kingdom and the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], Gillard represented Australia at the [[Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton]] in London in April 2011 and hosted the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] (CHOGM) in Perth in October of that year.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/william-and-kate-a-royal-wedding/australian-guests-enjoyed-royal-wedding/story-fn71toxj-1226047488897 | title=Australian guests enjoyed royal wedding | date=30 April 2011 | agency=Australian Associated Press | work=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> The [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2011|Perth CHOGM]] saw the historic announcement, by Gillard and British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]], of changes to the succession laws regarding to thrones of the [[Commonwealth realm]]s, overturning rules privileging male over female heirs to the line of succession and removing a ban on Roman Catholic consorts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2011/s3351209.htm |title=AM – Realm nations approve equality in succession 29/10/2011 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=29 October 2011 |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> At the CHOGM, Gillard also hosted [[Queen Elizabeth II]], [[Queen of Australia]] in what was almost certainly the monarch's final tour Down Under, due to her advanced age.<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal tour of Australia: The Queen ends visit with traditional 'Aussie barbie'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/8857106/Royal-tour-of-Australia-The-Queen-ends-visit-with-traditional-Aussie-barbie.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029143351/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/queen-elizabeth-II/8857106/Royal-tour-of-Australia-The-Queen-ends-visit-with-traditional-Aussie-barbie.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=29 October 2011|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> ====United States==== [[File:Australian PM Julia Gillard addresses US Congress 2011 snippet.ogv|thumb|An excerpt of Gillard's address to the US Congress, on 9 March 2011]] In a 2008 speech in Washington, Gillard endorsed the [[ANZUS]] Alliance and described the United States as a civilising global influence.<ref>{{cite news|first=Annabel|last=Crabb|title= Latham's cheap shot fails to wound|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/lathams-cheap-shot-fails-to-wound-20090821-etpn.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=22 August 2009|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Her former colleague and leader Mark Latham wrote in a 2009 article for the ''[[Australian Financial Review]]'' that these comments were "hypocritical", given past private communications Gillard had exchanged with him which apparently mocked elements of American foreign policy: "One of them concerned her study tour of the US, sponsored by the American Government in 2006—or to use her moniker—'a CIA re-education course'. She asked me to 'stand by for emails explaining [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] is a great statesman, torture is justified in many circumstances and those Iraqi insurgents should just get over it'."<ref>{{cite news|title=Latham lashes out at 'hypocrite' Gillard|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/latham-lashes-out-at-hypocrite-gillard-20090820-es2r.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=21 August 2009|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> On 9 March 2011, Gillard travelled to the United States to mark the 60th Anniversary of the ANZUS Alliance. She held formal meetings with President [[Barack Obama]], Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], Treasury Secretary [[Timothy Geithner]], and UN Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]]. She also met with First Lady [[Michelle Obama]], and senior US Senator [[John McCain]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/gillard-singles-out-inspiring-clinton-20110309-1bmux.html | work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | first1=Phillip | last1=Coorey | title=Gillard singles out inspiring Clinton | date=9 March 2011}} Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref> Gillard addressed a joint session of the [[United States Congress]], becoming the fourth Australian leader to do so and first foreign dignitary to address the 112th congress.<ref name="www.smh.com.au gillard-pushes-the-right-buttons-as-she-woos-the-us-20110310-1bob4">{{cite news|last=Coorey|first=Phillip|title=Gillard pushes the right buttons as she woos the US |url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/gillard-pushes-the-right-buttons-as-she-woos-the-us-20110310-1bob4.html|access-date=29 December 2015|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=10 March 2011}}</ref> In her speech to Congress, Gillard reiterated Australia's diplomatic and security alliance with the United States, and noted that the United States has "a true friend [[down under]]&nbsp;... In both our countries, true friends stick together – in both our countries real mates talk straight&nbsp;... So as a friend I urge you only this – be worthy to your best traditions. Be bold."<ref name="www.smh.com.au gillard-pushes-the-right-buttons-as-she-woos-the-us-20110310-1bob4"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Franklin, Matthew |first=and Kenny, Mark|title=Julia Gillard's speech in the US Congress marks a new era |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archive/news/julia-gillard-speech-us-congress-marks-new-era/story-e6frf7l6-1226018751459|access-date=29 December 2015|newspaper=Herald Sun|date=10 March 2011}}</ref> === Gender politics === During the course of Gillard's prime ministership, [[sexism]] had been a contentious issue for a number of Labor and Greens Party figures, as well as some commentators.<ref>Simon Benson cited in {{cite news|last=Summers|first=Anne|title=The gender agenda: Gillard and the politics of sexism|url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/the-gender-agenda-gillard-and-the-politics-of-sexism-20120225-1tv7n.html|work=[[The Age]] |access-date=26 February 2012}}</ref> Former Labor Party advisor [[Anne Summers]] said in 2012 that "Gillard is being persecuted both because she is a woman and in ways that would be impossible to apply to a man".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newcastle.edu.au/unit/equity-diversity/human-rights-social-justice-lecture|title=Her Rights at Work (R-rated version), The Political Persecution of Australia's First Female Prime Minister|last=Summers|first=Anne|author-link=Anne Summers|date=31 August 2012|access-date=23 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514031848/http://newcastle.edu.au/unit/equity-diversity/human-rights-social-justice-lecture/|archive-date=14 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In reply, journalist [[Peter Hartcher]] wrote, "She was a woman when she was popular; she can't be unpopular now because she's a woman. The change is a result of her actions in office, not her gender."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hartcher|first=Peter|title=Fire was lit a long time ago|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/fire-was-lit-a-long-time-ago-20121005-274o5.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=11 October 2012|date=6 October 2012}}</ref> ====Misogyny speech==== {{Main|Misogyny Speech}} In an August 2012 press conference regarding the [[AWU affair]], Gillard was critical of ''The Australian'' newspaper for writing about her connection to the affair and of what she called "misogynist nut jobs on the internet". Gillard said that she had been "the subject of a very sexist smear campaign".<ref>{{cite web|last=Lane|first=Sabra|title=PM hits out at 'sexist smear campaign'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2012/s3574539.htm|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=10 November 2012|date=23 August 2012}}</ref> In early October, the Opposition Leader's wife, [[Margie Abbott]], accused the Gillard Government of a deliberate campaign to smear Tony Abbott, on gender issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-05/abbott27s-wife-talks-about-the-27real-tony27/4296898 |title=Wife defends Abbott over sexism claims |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=5 October 2012 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> On 9 October 2012, Gillard also raised "sexism and misogyny" in a [[Misogyny speech|speech]] opposing a motion to remove [[Peter Slipper]], her choice as Speaker of the House of Representatives, after revelations of inappropriate conduct on his part became public.<ref name="NewYorker20121009">{{cite news|last=Lester|first=Amelia|title=Ladylike: Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/10/julia-gillards-misogyny-speech.html|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=9 October 2012}}</ref> Gillard linked the speech to the context of the then ongoing [[Alan Jones "died of shame" controversy]].<ref name="NYT20121011">{{cite news|last=McDonald|first=Mark|title=Australian Leader Unleashes Blistering Speech|url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/11/gillards-blistering-speech-a-model-for-obama/|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 October 2012}}</ref> The speech<ref>{{cite news|title=Transcript of Julia Gillard's speech|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/transcript-of-julia-gillards-speech-20121010-27c36.html|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=10 October 2012}}</ref> was widely reported around the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gillard's misogyny speech goes global|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-10/international-reaction-to-gillard-speech/4305294|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=10 November 2012|date=11 October 2012}}</ref> In Laos soon after for an Asian-European leaders conference, Gillard described comments by [[François Hollande]] and [[Helle Thorning-Schmidt]]: "The president of France congratulated me on the speech, as did the Prime Minister of Denmark, and some other leaders, just casually as I've moved around, have also mentioned it to me."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ireland|first=Judith|title=World leaders back my 'misogyny' speech, says Gillard|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/world-leaders-back-my-misogyny-speech-says-gillard-20121106-28x2c|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=25 January 2016|date=7 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="Farr, Malcolm">{{cite news|last=[[Malcolm Farr|Farr, Malcolm]] |title=Obama praises Gillard's sexism speech|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/obama-praises-gillards-sexism-speech/story-e6frg6n6-1226513851310|work=[[The Australian]]|access-date=10 November 2012|date=9 November 2012}}</ref> US president [[Barack Obama]] reportedly "complimented" Gillard on the speech in a private conversation following his re-election,<ref name="Farr, Malcolm"/> and his Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] praised the speech as "very striking" with Gillard going "chapter and verse".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=Sarah|author-link=Sarah Ferguson (journalist) |title=Hillary Clinton says 'no place for sexism in politics'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2014/s4026461.htm|work=[[7.30]]|publisher=[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]]|access-date=1 January 2016|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> Labor had secured the defection of Slipper from the [[Liberal National Party of Queensland]] (LNP) to sit in the Speaker's chair a year earlier, but he was forced to stand aside from his main duties in April 2012 pending the conclusion of a criminal investigation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hudson|first=Phillip|title=Troubles all of her own making|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/troubles-all-of-her-own-making/story-fn6bfkm6-1226342130196|work=[[Herald Sun]]|access-date=10 November 2012|date=30 April 2012}}</ref> After a week of controversy, Gillard announced that she was asking Slipper to delay his return to the Chair pending the conclusion of concurrent civil proceedings, in an effort to dispel what she described as a "dark cloud" over her government (a reference also to the ongoing [[Craig Thomson affair]] involving a Labor MP linked to corruption allegations).<ref>{{cite web|title=In quotes: Gillard moves to dispel 'dark cloud'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-04-29/in-quotes3a-gillard-moves-to-dispel-27dark-cloud27/3978976|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=10 November 2012|date=30 April 2012}}</ref> === 2012 leadership vote === {{Main|Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2012}} [[File:Julia Gillard 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|Gillard in 2012]] In the light of poor polling results for the Gillard Government, speculation that Foreign Minister and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd wished to challenge Gillard for the leadership culminated with Rudd resigning from the Cabinet on 22 February 2012. Rudd told the media "I can only serve as Foreign Minister if I have the confidence of Prime Minister Gillard and her senior ministers" after Gillard failed to repudiate cabinet ministers who publicly criticised Rudd and his tenure as Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1628677/Rudd-resigns-as-foreign-minister |title=Rudd resigns as foreign minister |work=[[SBS World News]] |date=26 February 2012 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Benson|first=Simon|title=Kevin Rudd had dinner with Kim Beazley before all hell broke loose|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-had-dinner-with-kim-beazley-before-all-hell-broke-loose/story-e6frfkvr-1226279047970|access-date=23 February 2012|newspaper=Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|date=23 February 2012}}</ref> The situation had been further exacerbated by the revelation on ''[[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|Four Corners]]'' that Gillard's staff wrote her victory speech for the 2010 leadership election two weeks prior to her challenge, contradicting Gillard's earlier claims that she had only resolved to challenge Rudd the day before the vote. This revelation caused particular conflict between Labor factions to surface, with Labor MP [[Darren Cheeseman]] calling on Gillard to resign, while his colleague [[Steve Gibbons (politician)|Steve Gibbons]] called Rudd a "psychopath with a giant ego".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-19/questions-over-leaked-rudd-video/3838358 |title=Wilkie convinced Rudd will launch challenge|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date= 15 May 2012|access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> After resigning, Rudd stated that he did not think Gillard could defeat the [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] at the next election and that, since his resignation, he had received encouragement from Labor MPs and Cabinet Ministers to contest the leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last=Toohey |first=Paul |title=Kevin Rudd speaks for the first time since his resignation as foreign minister |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/kevin-rudd-holed-up-in-washington-hotel-the-willard-after-resigning-as-foreign-minister/story-e6freuy9-1226278947012 |access-date=23 February 2012 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph (Sydney) |date=23 February 2012}}</ref> Gillard responded to these developments by announcing a leadership ballot for the morning of 27 February 2012, saying that if she lost the vote she would return to the [[backbench]] and renounce any claims to the leadership. She asked that Rudd make the same commitment.<ref>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard calls leadership ballot to end 'squabbling'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17136442|access-date=22 February 2012|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=22 February 2012}}</ref> At the leadership ballot, Gillard won comfortably by a vote of 71 to 31.<ref>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard wins Labor leadership ballot|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/julia-gillard-wins-labor-leadership-ballot/story-fn3dxity-1226282461385|access-date=27 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=27 February 2012}}</ref> === March 2013 leadership vote === {{Main|Australian Labor Party leadership spill, March 2013}} Despite Gillard's defeating Kevin Rudd comfortably in the 2012 leadership spill, tensions remained in the Labor Party regarding Gillard's leadership.<ref>{{cite news|last=Editor |first=Political |url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/south-australia/kevin-rudds-the-man-who-wont-go-away-for-labor/story-fndo4dzn-1226580626361 |title=Kevin Rudd's the man who won't go away for Labor |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=22 March 2013}}</ref> After Labor's polling position worsened in the wake of Gillard announcing the date of the 2013 election, these tensions came to a head when former Labor Leader and [[Minister for Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government|Regional Minister]] Simon Crean called for a leadership spill and backed Rudd on 21 March 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-21/live-coverage-labor-leadership-crisis/4586250 |title=Labor leadership crisis|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date= 21 March 2013|access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> In response, Gillard sacked Crean from his position, and called a leadership spill for 4.30&nbsp;pm that same day. Ten minutes before the ballot was due to occur, Rudd publicly announced that he would not contest the leadership, in line with the commitment he had made following the 2012 contest. As such, Gillard and Wayne Swan were the only candidates for the Leadership and Deputy Leadership of the Labor Party, and were elected unopposed. This marked the first time in history that an incumbent Labor Leader was elected unopposed at a leadership ballot.<ref>{{cite news|last=Farr|first=Malcolm|title=Rudd shies away from PM challenge|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/rudd-shies-away-from-pm-challenge/story-fncynjr2-1226602790758|access-date=21 March 2013|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|date=21 March 2013}}</ref> Several ministers subsequently resigned from the government, including Chief Government Whip [[Joel Fitzgibbon]], Human Services Minister [[Kim Carr]], and Energy Minister [[Martin Ferguson]]. Gillard declared that the question of the Labor leadership was now "settled". Nevertheless, speculation on Gillard's leadership remained a major issue, with polling results indicating an electoral disaster were she to lead the Labor Party into the election. In light of this, media attention once more turned to Kevin Rudd as a possible replacement in the short term. It was reported that Gillard's supporter Bill Shorten was under pressure to ask her to resign, creating a vacancy that Rudd would contest.<ref>{{cite news|last=Uhlmann|first=Chris|title=Labor's predicted election defeat raises leadership questions|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-10/labors-predicted-election-defeat-raises-leadership/4744842|access-date=11 June 2013|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=11 June 2013}}</ref> === June 2013 leadership vote === {{Main|Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013}} By the end of June 2013, Labor's standing in the polls had worsened, and the Coalition had been leading in most opinion polls for two years; one poll in early June showed that Labor would be reduced to as few as 40 seats after the next election.<ref>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard loses significant support among caucus|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-09/julia-gillard-loses-significant-support-in-caucus/4742626|access-date=9 June 2013|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=9 June 2013}}</ref> With a general election due later that year, even some staunch Gillard supporters began to believe that Labor faced almost certain defeat if Gillard continued as leader. According to the ABC's [[Barrie Cassidy]], the question was not whether Gillard would be ousted as Labor leader, but when the ousting would take place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Is Gillard's number up?|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-09/cassidy---gillard/4742634|access-date=9 June 2013|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=9 June 2013|author-link=Barrie Cassidy|first=Barrie|last=Cassidy}}</ref> Following further speculation over her leadership, on 26 June a rumour emerged that supporters of Kevin Rudd were collecting signatures for a letter demanding an immediate leadership vote. That afternoon, before any letter had been published, Gillard called a leadership spill live on television.<ref>{{cite news|first=Nick |last=Bryant |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-23061391 |title=Kevin Rudd ousts Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=6 June 2013 |access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> She challenged any would-be opponent to join her in a pledge that, while the winner would become leader, the loser would immediately retire from politics. Despite his earlier comments that he would not return to the leadership under any circumstances, Kevin Rudd announced that he would challenge Gillard for the leadership, and committed to retiring from politics if he lost. In the party-room ballot later that evening, Rudd defeated Gillard by a margin of 57 votes to 45.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/federal-election/labor-leadership-live-kevin-rudd-returns-julia-gillard-loses-support-of-partyroom/story-fnho52ip-1226669921693 |title=Labor leadership live: Kevin Rudd returns, Julia Gillard loses support of partyroom |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> ===Resignation and retirement from politics=== [[Image:Bronze bust of PM Julia Gillard.png|thumb|right|upright|Bronze bust of Julia Gillard at the [[Prime Minister's Avenue]] in the [[Ballarat Botanical Gardens]]]] Following her defeat in the [[Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013|leadership vote]] on 26 June 2013, Gillard congratulated Rudd on his win and announced that she would immediately tender her resignation as Prime Minister to the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/federal-election/labor-leadership-live-kevin-rudd-returns-julia-gillard-loses-support-of-partyroom/story-fnho52ip-1226669921693 |title=Labor leadership live: Kevin Rudd returns, Julia Gillard loses support of partyroom |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date= 26 June 2013|access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> She also announced, in keeping with her pledge before the leadership vote, that she would not re-contest her seat of Lalor at the upcoming election, and thus would retire from politics. In her final speech, she reflected on the honour of being the first female head of government in Australia and expressed confidence for the future of women leaders in Australia:{{blockquote|There's been a lot of analysis about the so-called 'gender wars'. Me playing the so-called 'gender card' because heavens knows no-one noticed I was a woman until I raised it [...] I've been a little bit bemused by those colleagues in the newspapers who have admitted that I have suffered more pressure as a result of my gender than other prime ministers in the past but then concluded that it had zero effect on my political position or the political position of the Labor Party. It doesn't explain everything, it doesn't explain nothing, it explains some things. And it is for the nation to think in a sophisticated way about those shades of grey. What I am absolutely confident of is it will be easier for the next woman and the woman after that and the woman after that. And I'm proud of that.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-26/julia-gillard-speaks-about-defeat/4783950 |title=Julia Gillard tells of 'privilege' of being first female PM|last=Gillard |first=Julia|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=27 June 2013|access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref>}} Gillard's resignation as Prime Minister took effect the following day, upon the swearing in of Rudd,<ref name="resignationletter">{{cite web |url=http://www.gg.gov.au/media-release/correspondence-governor-general-hon-julia-gillard-mp-and-hon-kevin-rudd-mp-26-and-27-june-2013 |title=Correspondence to the Governor-General from the Hon. Julia Gillard MP and the Hon. Kevin Rudd MP, 26 and 27 June 2013 |publisher=Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia |date=27 June 2013 |access-date=27 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801031755/http://www.gg.gov.au/media-release/correspondence-governor-general-hon-julia-gillard-mp-and-hon-kevin-rudd-mp-26-and-27-june-2013 |archive-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-26/rudd-prevails-over-gillard-in-leadership-ballot/4783422 |title=Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard 57-45 in Labor leadership ballot, paving way for a return to PM |last=Griffith |first= Emma |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=26 June 2013|access-date=26 June 2013 }}</ref> and she made her final appearance in the House of Representatives shortly thereafter.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/national/former-prime-minister-julia-gillard-fights-back-tears-during-emotional-farewell-speech/story-fncynjr2-1226670702600 |title=Former prime minister Julia Gillard fights back tears during emotional farewell speech|publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=27 June 2013|access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> Her parliamentary service ended at the dissolution of the Parliament on 5 August. By the conclusion of her tenure, Gillard overtook [[Gough Whitlam]] as the [[List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office|14th longest–serving Prime Minister of Australia]], having served in the position for three full years.<ref name="Pmlengthchart">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-25/malcolm-turnbull-scott-morrison-leadership-chart/10161732 |title=Leadership instability might feel modern – it's actually a return to our roots |author1=Byrd, Joshua |author2=Liddy, Matt |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=25 August 2018|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> She also became the longest–serving Prime Minister since John Howard's electoral loss in 2007; a record which has not been exceeded by successive Prime Ministers Rudd, Abbott, [[Malcolm Turnbull]], or {{as of|2018|lc=y}}, current Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]].<ref name="Pmlengthchart"/> Subsequent to the federal election held on 7 September 2013, Gillard was succeeded as the Member for Lalor by her preferred replacement, [[Joanne Ryan (politician)|Joanne Ryan]], a former school principal.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/clash-looming-for-gillard-and-shorten-candidates-in-lalor-20130707-2pkel.html |title=Clash looming for Gillard and Shorten candidates in Lalor |last=Gordon, Michael; Gordon, Josh |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=8 July 2013|access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-11/diplomat-parachuted-in-to-contest-lalor-preselection/4813502 |title=Diplomat parachuted in to contest Lalor preselection, admits being ALP member for less than a month |last=Griffiths |first=Emma|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=11 July 2013|access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-23/joanne-ryan-wins-labor-preselection-for-lalor/4839036 |title=Joanne Ryan wins Labor preselection for Julia Gillard's seat of Lalor|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=23 July 2013|access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref> == Political positions == ===Political philosophy=== Although nominally a member of the [[Socialist Left (Australia)#In Victoria|Victorian Left]] faction of the Labor Party,<ref name="MaresBookReviewOfGillardBiography">{{cite web |url=http://www.apo.org.au/commentary/making-julia-gillard |title=The Making of Julia Gillard |first=Peter |last=Mares |date=7 December 2009 | publisher=Australian Policy Online}} (book review)</ref> her election to Prime Minister occurred because of support from the [[Labor Right|Right factions]] of the party, with the hard Left planning to support Rudd in the Caucus vote had there actually been one.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard--becomes-australias-first-female-prime-minister-as-tearful-rudd-stands-aside-20100624-yzvw.html |title=Julia Gillard, Prime Minister After Labor Leadership Challenge |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date= 24 June 2010|access-date=7 July 2010 | first1=Phillip | last1=Coorey | first2=Tim | last2=Lester}}</ref> Analyses of [[Jacqueline Kent]]'s 2009 biography of Gillard suggest that her membership in the Left faction is "more organisational than ideological".<ref name="Book review of Gillard Biography" /><ref name="MaresBookReviewOfGillardBiography" /> In July 2010, historian [[Ross Fitzgerald]] said, "...&nbsp;at least since [2009] Gillard has sought to reposition herself more towards the Labor Right."<ref>Fitzgerald, Ross. [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/say-werent-you-left-wing/story-e6frg6zo-1225887103691 "Say, weren't you left-wing? "], ''[[The Australian]]'', Sydney, {{Nowrap|3 July 2010}}. Retrieved {{Nowrap|6 July 2010}}.</ref> === Civil liberties and democracy === Gillard supports Australia [[Republicanism in Australia|becoming a republic]] and has suggested that the end of Queen [[Elizabeth&nbsp;II]]'s reign would be "probably the appropriate point for a transition".<ref>Hall, Eleanor ({{Nowrap|17 August 2010}}). "[http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2010/s2985076.htm PM wants change of monarchy before republic]". [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]. Retrieved {{Nowrap|17 August 2010}}.</ref> Following the elevation of republican [[Malcolm Turnbull]] to the prime-ministership in September 2015, Gillard along with Rudd [[Twitter|tweeted]] their support for [[Peter FitzSimons]], the head of the [[Australian Republican Movement]], and his call for new members to join the movement.<ref name=gillardruddrepublic>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2015/09/17/australian-republic_n_8149328.html|title=Australian Republic Push Gets Support From Kevin Rudd, Julia Gillard|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=17 September 2015|access-date=21 May 2016|first=Josh|last=Butler}}</ref> Following the November 2010 release of secret [[United States diplomatic cables leak|United States diplomatic cables]], Gillard stated, "I absolutely condemn the placement of this information on the [[WikiLeaks]] website. It's a grossly irresponsible thing to do and an illegal thing to do."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikileaks-acting-illegally-says-gillard-20101202-18hb9.html|title=WikiLeaks acting illegally, says Gillard|work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/pm-cant-say-what-law-wikileaks-has-broken-20101207-18nfn.html |title=PM can't say what law WikiLeaks has broken |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=7 December 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hawley |first=Samantha |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/12/09/3089510.htm |title=Wilkie scathing of PM's response to WikiLeaks |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=9 December 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> After an Australian Federal Police investigation failed to find WikiLeaks had broken any Australian laws by publishing the US diplomatic documents, Gillard maintained her stance that the release of the documents was "grossly irresponsible".<ref>{{cite news|first=Joe |last= Kelly |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/In-depth/wikileaks/law-not-broken-by-wikileaks-publication-of-us-cables-afp/story-fn775xjq-1225972735066 |title=Law not broken by WikiLeaks' publication of US cables: AFP |work=[[The Australian]] |date=17 December 2010 |access-date=4 April 2011}}</ref> ===Social policy=== Gillard expressed support for [[Abortion-rights movements|legal abortion]] in 2005, saying that "Women without money would be left without that choice or in the hands of backyard abortion providers" and that she understood "the various moral positions" regarding abortions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Gillard-warns-on-abortion-funding/2005/02/03/1107228831705.html|title=Gillard warns on abortion funding|date=3 February 2005|work=[[The Age]] |access-date=27 June 2010}}</ref> Pertaining to unplanned pregnancies and counselling, Gillard is of the view that women ought to be couselled by someone of their choice – as opposed to only trained professionals referred to by their general practitioners.<ref name=abortioncounsel>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/abortion-counselling-the-choice-is-yours/2006/02/19/1140283949270.html|title=Abortion counselling: the choice is yours|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=20 February 2006|access-date=21 May 2016|first=Stephanie|last=Peatling}}</ref> In August 2012, Gillard reiterated her position in support of abortion, stating that "Women must have the right to healthcare and women must have the right to choose."<ref name=abortion2cite>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/ill-protect-abortion-rights-says-gillard-20120825-24ti0.html|title=I'll protect abortion rights, says Gillard|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=26 August 2012|access-date=21 May 2016|first=Stephanie|last=Peatling}}</ref> In response to a 2012 report by think-tank Australia 21, which recommended the relaxation of [[Illicit drug use in Australia|illicit drug laws in Australia]], Gillard rejected the report and claimed that "drugs kill people they rip families apart, they destroy lives&nbsp;... I am not in favour of decriminalisation of any of our drug laws."<ref name=drugs1>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/julia-gillard-is-at-odds-with-bob-carr-on-the-decriminalisation-of-illicit-drugs/story-fn59niix-1226317245519|title=Julia Gillard is at odds with Bob Carr on the decriminalisation of illicit drugs |work=[[The Australian]]|date=3 April 2012|access-date=1 January 2016|first=Lanei|last=Vasek}}</ref><ref name=drugs2>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/gillard-and-carr-divided-over-decriminalisation-of-drugs-20120402-1w9iz.html|title=Gillard and Carr divided over decriminalisation of drugs|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=3 April 2012|access-date=1 January 2016|first=Mark|last=Metherell}}</ref> Concerning [[euthanasia]], Gillard warned that it may "open the door to exploitation and perhaps callousness towards people in the end stage of life" and that she is not convinced that the policy of pro-euthanasia advocates contain "sufficient safeguards".<ref name=NoHope>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/pm-offers-no-hope-to-social-left/story-fn59niix-1226025038933|title=PM offers no hope to social Left|work=[[The Australian]]|date=21 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|first=Paul|last=Kelly}}</ref> Gillard, as a member of parliament, voted against a bill that would have legalised [[recognition of same-sex unions in Australia|same-sex marriage in Australia]] in 2011.<ref name="Crowe201508">{{cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/julia-gillard-declares-support-for-gay-marriage/story-fn59niix-1227500170896 |title=Julia Gillard declares support for gay marriage |last=Crowe |first=David |date=26 August 2015 |work=[[The Australian]] |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2010 she stated "the Marriage Act is appropriate in its current form, that is recognising that marriage is between a man and a woman" and that marriage being between a man and woman "has a special status".<ref name=NoHope /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/gillard-against-gay-marriage-20100630-zkcj.html|title=Gillard against gay marriage|date=30 June 2010|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/national/julia-gillard-makes-stand-as-a-social-conservative/story-e6frfkvr-1226025095796 | work=[[The Australian]] | first=Sid | last=Maher | title=Julia Gillard makes stand as a social conservative | date=21 March 2011}}</ref> The triennial Labor conference held in December 2011 saw Gillard successfully negotiate an amendment on same-sex marriage to see the party introduce a conscience vote to parliament through a private member's bill, rather than a binding vote.<ref name="tacticalswitch"/> When the private members bill was introduced by Labor backbencher [[Stephen Jones (Australian politician)|Stephen Jones]], it was defeated in the House of Representatives on 19 September 2012.<ref name="samesexdownabc"/> In September 2014, Gillard said that the "course of human history now is that we are going to see same-sex marriage here and in, you know, most parts of the developed world."<ref>{{cite news | first=Anna |last=Henderson | date=23 September 2014 | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-22/gillard-says-same-sex-marriage-a-matter-of-time/5760460 | title=Gillard says same-sex marriage a matter of time | publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] | access-date=9 April 2015}}</ref> She declared her support for same-sex marriage in August 2015.<ref name="Crowe201508" /> ==Post-political career (2013–present)== ===Publications and appearances=== [[File:Julia Gillard delivers keynote speech at the National Assemby for Wales, July 2015. Cropped.png|thumb|upright|Gillard delivers a keynote address to the [[National Assembly for Wales]] on the representation of women in public life, in July 2015]] In July 2013, Gillard signed a book deal for her memoirs with [[Penguin Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national-news/julia-gillard-signs-tellall-book-deal-with-penguin-australia-8212-report/story-fncynjr2-1226681182366 |title=Julia Gillard signs tell-all book deal with Penguin Australia – report |work=[[News.com.au]] |date=18 July 2013 |access-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> The autobiography, ''[[My Story (Gillard book)|My Story]]'', was published in 2014 by [[Random House]].<ref>{{Citation | last=Gillard |first= Julia | title=My story | date=2014 | publisher=Random House Australia | isbn=978-0-85798-390-9}}</ref> In the book, Gillard reflects on various personal aspects of her life and career, including her own analysis of the people and key players during the Rudd–Gillard Governments. Senator Nick Xenophon was said to have been "infamously excluded from university for a period as punishment for stuffing a ballot box full of voting papers he had somehow procured", which was denied by Xenophon. In February 2015, Random House issued a public apology to Xenophon and paid a confidential cash settlement.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jean|first1=Peter|title=SA Senator Nick Xenophon receives apology, cash settlement for incorrect claim in Julia Gillard's autobiography|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/sa-senator-nick-xenophon-receives-apology-cash-settlement-for-incorrect-claim-in-julia-gillards-autobiography/story-fni6uo1m-1227236229745|access-date=5 August 2015|work=The Advertiser|date=23 February 2015}}</ref> Following requests from Xenophon for a personal apology from Gillard, on 6 August 2015 she published a personal apology to him in a number of Australian newspapers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Joe|title=Julia Gillard's apology to Nick Xenophon for error in My Story|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/julia-gillards-apology-to-nick-xenophon-for-error-in-my-story/story-e6frg6nf-1227471663334|access-date=5 August 2015|work=[[The Australian]]|date=6 August 2015}}</ref> Following her departure from parliament at the 2013 election, Gillard has remained engaged with the Labor Party. After Labor's defeat at the federal election held in September 2013, Gillard penned an [[op-ed]] for ''[[Guardian Australia]]'', wherein she wrote about her legacy and how she believes the Labor Party ought to rebuild.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gillard|first1=Julia|title=Julia Gillard writes on power, purpose and Labor's future |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/13/julia-gillard-labor-purpose-future|access-date=13 July 2016|work=[[Guardian Australia]]|date=14 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kimmorley|first1=Sarah|title=Julia Gillard Has Published An Essay About Her Time As Prime Minister and the Broken Culture of the ALP|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/julia-gillard-finally-speaks-out-about-her-time-as-prime-minister-and-the-broken-culture-of-the-labor-party-2013-9|access-date=13 July 2016|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=14 September 2013}}</ref> In June 2015, Gillard participated in [[Sarah Ferguson (journalist)|Sarah Ferguson]]'s ''[[The Killing Season (Australian TV series)|The Killing Season]]'', a three-part documentary series which chronicles the events of the Rudd–Gillard years in power. The television series featured in-depth interviews with key Labor Party officials during the Rudd–Gillard Governments.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Byrnes|first1=Holly|title= Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd savage over Labor leadership in new ABC interview series |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/julia-gillard-and-kevin-rudd-savage-over-labor-leadership-in-new-abc-interview-series/story-fntzvnr9-1227348668925?sv=232c505dba82db5db70fc6b3d9f990ff|access-date=13 July 2016|work=[[News.com.au]]|date=26 May 2015}}</ref> Prior to the [[2016 Australian federal election|2016 election]] campaign, Gillard offered her assistance to the Labor party, whereby a video was released of her endorsing and seeking donations for the party's education policy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Viellaris|first1=Renee|title=Julia Gillard ends political exile to seek donations to help Labor sell education policy|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/julia-gillard-ends-political-exile-to-seek-donations-to-help-labor-sell-education-policy/news-story/40f3c75d94f6d20f9595bdfc32815141|access-date=13 July 2016|work=[[The Courier-Mail]]|date=5 February 2016}}</ref> She later joined former Labor Prime Ministers [[Bob Hawke]] and [[Paul Keating]] at Bill Shorten's Labor campaign launch on 19 June 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wright|first1=Tony|title=Federal election 2016: Rudd gets short shrift from Shorten in roll call of leaders|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2016-opinion/federal-election-2016-rudd-gets-short-shrift-from-shorten-in-roll-call-of-leaders-20160619-gpmmxg.html|access-date=13 July 2016|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=19 June 2016}}</ref> She had been a supporter of Hillary Clinton's [[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|Democratic Party candidacy]] for [[2016 United States presidential election|President of the United States]], from as early as September 2014 when Gillard announced that she would "loudly barrack from the sidelines" should Clinton run.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/julia-gillard-electing-hillary-clinton-as-us-president-would-hurt-isis|title=Julia Gillard: electing Hillary Clinton as US president would hurt Isis|work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 September 2014|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> Having endorsed Clinton after she announced her candidacy in April 2015,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zielinski|first1=Caroline|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/politics/former-prime-minister-julia-gillard-publicly-backs-hillary-clinton-for-2016-us-president/news-story/96d537b30dd378fe804e4827db416436|title=Former prime minister Julia Gillard publicly backs Hillary Clinton for 2016 US President|work=[[News.com.au]] |date=14 April 2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> Gillard appeared in a campaign video in October, wherein she advocated for the presidential candidate and her leadership surrounding women's issues.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Massola|first1=James|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/julia-gillard-endorses-hillary-clinton-for-us-president-in-starstudded-campaign-video-20151019-gkd5ep.html|title=Julia Gillard endorses Hillary Clinton for US President in star-studded campaign video |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=20 October 2015 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Keany|first1=Francis|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-20/julia-gillard-recruited-for-new-hillary-clinton-campaign-video/6868534|title=Julia Gillard advocates for Hillary Clinton in campaign video for US presidential hopeful|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=20 October 2015 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> Gillard attended the first day of the [[2016 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in [[Philadelphia]] on 25 July 2016, alongside former US Secretary of State [[Madeleine Albright]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/JuliaGillard/status/757675161415983104 |title=With @Madeleine & @JenGranholm for #TruthMatters with #DemsInPhilly today – JG |last1=Gillard |first1=Julia |date=25 July 2016|website=Twitter |access-date=26 July 2016 }}</ref> The following day, Gillard published an open letter to Clinton in the ''[[New York Times]]'', urging voters to "shame sexism" levied against the Democratic presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gillard|first1=Julia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/26/opinion/campaign-stops/Hillary-Clinton-Convention-Day-2.html|title=Hillary Clinton's Convention: Day 2 – First Woman to First Woman|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 July 2016|access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Luke|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/07/27/julia-gillards-advice-to-america-shame-sexism-against-clinton/|title=Julia Gillard's Advice To America: Shame Sexism Against Clinton|work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=27 July 2016|access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref> ===Honours and appointments=== In April 2014, Gillard was admitted to the degree of Doctor of [[Victoria University, Australia|Victoria University]], [[honoris causa]], for her accomplishments surrounding education and disability reform as a political leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vu.edu.au/news-events/media-releases/dr-julia-gillard-the-most-powerful-thing-in-our-world-is-the-power-of-education |title=Dr Julia Gillard: The most powerful thing in our world is the power of education |work=vu.edu.au |date=30 April 2014 |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> On 11 February 2015, Gillard received an honorary doctorate from the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] "for her achievements as a woman committed to education and to social inclusion, and for the impact of her commitment on the situation of children, youngsters and women worldwide";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vub.ac.be/en/nieuws/2015/02/12/vub-honorary-doctorate-julia-gillard|title=VUB honorary doctorate for Julia Gillard|work=[[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] |date=11 February 2015 |access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref> and she also held a Kapuscinski Development Lecture on "the importance of education in development contexts" at the said university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vub.ac.be/events/2015/former-australian-prime-minister-j-gillard-lectures-education-and-development|title=Education – a key driver for development|work=[[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] |date=11 February 2015 |access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kapuscinskilectures.eu/lectures/education-a-key-driver-for-development/|title=Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard lectures on education and development|work=[[European Commission]], [[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref> In October, she received an honorary doctorate from the [[University of Canberra]], for her work in "education and gender equality."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/julia-gillard-receives-honorary-doctorate-from-university-of-canberra-20151029-gkmkov.html|title=Julia Gillard receives honorary doctorate from University of Canberra|work=[[The Canberra Times]] |date=30 October 2015 |access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> In January 2016 she opened the Julia Gillard Library in the Melbourne suburb of [[Tarneit, Victoria|Tarneit]]; the library's name was selected by the [[City of Wyndham|Wyndham City Council]] to recognise her contributions as both the local member of parliament and Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Julia Gillard Library Opens in Tarneit|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/julia-gillard-library-opens-in-tarneit/|website=Media release|publisher=The Hon. Daniel Adams MP|access-date=22 December 2016|date=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saban|first1=Adem|title=Tarneit library name to honour Julia Gillard|url=https://www.starweekly.com/news/tarneit-library-named-for-gillard/|access-date=23 December 2016|work=Star Weekly|date=30 September 2015}}</ref> Gillard was conferred an Honorary Doctorate of Laws by [[Deakin University]], for her promotion of "education opportunities in Australia, especially to groups under-represented in higher education", in December 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/810236/HDC-Review-of-Honorary-Degrees-in-2016.pdf|title=Honorary Degrees Committee – Review of Honorary Degrees 2016|work=[[Deakin University]]|date=8 December 2016|access-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221235644/https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/810236/HDC-Review-of-Honorary-Degrees-in-2016.pdf|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/news/geelong/julia-gillard-receives-doctorate-from-deakin-university/news-story/ca63d16d4b45ba607a683ff6041e2495|title=Julia Gillard receives doctorate from Deakin University|work=[[Geelong Advertiser]] |date=16 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> [[File:Julia Gillard, July 2016.jpg|thumb|left|Gillard at the Girls' Education Forum, held in London on 7 July 2016]] Having moved back to Adelaide, Gillard was appointed an honorary Visiting Professor of Politics at the University of Adelaide in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-08-30/gillard-to-receive-honorary-professorship/4926038 |title=Julia Gillard to receive honorary professorship from the University of Adelaide |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=30 August 2013 |access-date=5 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-11/julia-gillard-delighted-with-new-adelaide-university-role/4950186 |title=Former prime minister Julia Gillard delighted with new Adelaide University role as visiting professor|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> In October of that year, she joined the [[Brookings Institution]]'s Center for Universal Education as a nonresident [[senior fellow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/about/media-relations/news-releases/2013/1002-julia-gillard-universal-education |title=Julia Gillard, Former Prime Minister of Australia, Joins Brookings &#124; Brookings Institution |work=Brookings.edu |date=2 October 2013 |access-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> In February 2014, Gillard was appointed chairwoman of the [[Global Partnership for Education]], an international organisation focused on getting all children into school for a quality education in the world's poorest countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-11/julia-gillard-global-partnership-education/5251230 |title=Former PM Julia Gillard announced as chair of Global Partnership for Education |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=11 February 2014 |access-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Later that year, in December, Gillard joined the board of the mental health organisation [[Beyond Blue]], chaired by former Victorian Premier [[Jeff Kennett]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/former-prime-minister-julia-gillard-joins-beyondblue-board-20141218-129xyt.html|title=Former prime minister Julia Gillard joins beyond blue board|work=[[The Age]] |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> Kennett announced on 21 March 2017 that he would be stepping down from the position during the second–half of the year, almost 17 years after founding the organisation; Gillard succeeded him as chair of Beyond Blue on 1 July 2017, becoming the first former Prime Minister since [[Malcolm Fraser]] to head a mental-health organisation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-21/julia-gillard-to-replace-jeff-kennett-as-beyond-blue-chair/8372512|title=Julia Gillard to replace Jeff Kennett as Beyond Blue chair|date=21 March 2017|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> Since February 2015 she has been the patron of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library at [[Curtin University]] in Perth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://john.curtin.edu.au/aboutus/patron_index.html|title=Patrons|publisher=John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library|date=10 July 2017|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.curtin.edu.au/media-releases/julia-gillard-appointed-patron-john-curtin-prime-ministerial-library/|title=Julia Gillard appointed Patron of John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library|publisher=[[Curtin University]]|date=23 February 2015|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref> On 30 June 2015, she was conferred with a fellowship from [[Aberystwyth University]] in recognition of her "significant contribution to political life".<ref>(1 June 2015). [https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/news/archive/2015/07/title-168597-en.html "Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard honoured as Fellow"]. ''[[Aberystwyth University]]''. Retrieved 20 May 2016</ref> In September 2016 Gillard was appointed a visiting professor at [[King's College London]], joining the King's Policy Institute to chair the Global Institute for Women's Leadership, as well as the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McIlroy|first1=Tom|title=Former prime minister Julia Gillard named visiting professor at London's King's College|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/former-prime-minister-julia-gillard-named-visiting-professor-at-londons-kings-college-20160831-gr5zov.html|access-date=1 September 2016|work=The Canberra Times|date=1 September 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Gillard was appointed a [[Order of Australia|Companion of the Order of Australia]] (AC) "for eminent service to the Parliament of Australia, particularly as Prime Minister, through seminal contributions to economic and social development, particularly policy reform in the areas of education, disability care, workplace relations, health, foreign affairs and the environment, and as a role model to women."<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1154582&search_type=simple&showInd=true |title=It's an Honour: AC |work=Itsanhonour.gov.au |publisher=Government of Australia |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=26 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gage|first1=Nicola|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-26/julia-gillard-gets-australia-day-gong/8213396|title=Julia Gillard gets Australia Day gong, calls for better gender balance among recipients|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=26 January 2017}}</ref> According to ''[[The West Australian]]'', one of her nominators for the award was then–Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who wrote a letter testifying to her suitability for the honour in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Bramston, Troy |author2=Higgins, Ean |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/australia-day-honours/abbott-nominated-rudd-and-gillard-for-gong-but-just-one-got-the-gong/news-story/0ee468437303b3e231ae233ce9abca28|title=Abbott nominated Rudd and Gillard for gong but just one got the gong|work=[[The Australian]] |date=28 January 2017 |access-date=28 January 2017}}</ref> Gillard is the most recent former prime minister to have received such award since [[John Howard]] in 2008, and the sixth prime minister overall.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Martin, Sarah |author2=Parnell, Sean |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/australia-day-honours/australia-day-honours-former-pms-waiting-in-the-wings-for-their-gongs/news-story/065f8f543c78301f79688bd6ad3ae9b7|title=Australia Day honours: former PMs waiting in the wings for their gongs|work=[[The Australian]] |url-access=subscription |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=26 January 2017}}</ref> In July 2017 she took up her appointment as chair of Beyond Blue.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.beyondblue.org.au/media/media-releases/media-releases/former-pm-julia-gillard-takes-over-as-new-chair-of-i-beyondblue-i |title=Former PM Julia Gillard takes over as new Chair of beyondblue |publisher=[[beyondblue]] |date=2 July 2017 |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> In 2018 she was listed as one of [[100 Women (BBC)|BBC's 100 Women]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46225037|title=BBC 100 Women 2018: Who is on the list?|date=19 November 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=21 November 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Personal life == [[File:Julia Gillard and Tim Mathieson January 2013 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|Gillard with her partner, Tim Mathieson, in 2013]] Gillard met [[Tim Mathieson]] in 2004, and they have been in a relationship since 2006.<ref name="wait">{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Lunn |title=Let's wait and see on marriage, says Julia Gillard's partner |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/lets-wait-and-see-on-marriage-says-julia-gillards-partner/story-fn5vfgwx-1225884011977 |newspaper=[[The Australian]] | date=25 June 2010 |access-date=25 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gillard's partner Tim Mathieson 'bubbly'|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/gillards-partner-tim-mathieson-bubbly-20100624-z1o2.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=24 June 2010|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> Gillard's mother told ABC TV's ''Australian Story'' program that Gillard had spoken from a young age of never wanting children. Gillard herself told the program that while she admired women who could balance child rearing with a career, "I'm not sure I could have. There's something in me that's focused and single-minded and if I was going to do that, I'm not sure I could have done this."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/austory/content/2007/s2933052.htm |title=Australian Story – She Who Waits – Transcript |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=21 June 2010 |access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> Gillard owned a single-storey home in the south-western Melbourne suburb of Altona<ref name="Altona">{{cite news|first=Tony|last=Wright|title=Forget Canberra, Altona has become the new heart of the nation|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2008/01/01/1198949817052.html|newspaper=[[The Age]] |date=2 January 2008|access-date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> which she occupied prior to The Lodge and sold in December 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/hammer-falls-on-gillard-house-20131214-2zdt2.html|title=Hammer falls on Gillard house|work=[[The Age]]|date=14 December 2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> She is a public supporter of the [[Western Bulldogs]] [[Australian rules football]] team<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=McNicol|title=Dogs celebrate fan Gillard's ascension to PM|url=http://www.afl.com.au/tabid/208/default.aspx?newsid=96902|publisher=afl.com.au|date=24 June 2010|access-date=25 June 2010}}</ref> and the [[Melbourne Storm]] [[National Rugby League|rugby league]] team.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kelly|first=Joe|title=Melbourne Storm fan Gillard saddened by salary cap scandal|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/melbourne-storm-fan-gillard-saddened-by-salary-cap-scandal/story-e6frgczf-1225857266193|access-date=15 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=23 April 2010}}</ref> She currently resides in Adelaide, in the beachside suburb of [[Brighton, South Australia|Brighton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/former-prime-minister-julia-gillard-buys-2-million-beachside-house-in-her-home-town-of-adelaide/story-fni0cx12-1226694053380|title=Former Prime Minister Julia Gillard buys $2m beachside house in her home town of Adelaide|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=9 August 2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> Gillard was brought up in the [[Baptist]] tradition, but is an [[atheist]]. In a 2010 interview, when asked if she believed in God, she stated: "No, I don't&nbsp;... I'm not a religious person&nbsp;... I'm a great respecter of religious beliefs but they're not my beliefs."<ref name="DoesNotBelieveInGod">{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Tony |title=PM tells it as she sees it on the God issue |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=30 June 2010 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/pm-tells-it-as-she-sees-it-on-the-god-issue-20100629-zjad.html |access-date=30 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prime Minister Julia Gillard speaks to Jon Faine|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2010/06/29/2939565.htm|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=27 January 2016|date=29 June 2010}}</ref> Comparing Australia to the United States in a 2013 interview with ''[[The Washington Post]]'', she stated: "I think it would be inconceivable for me if I were an American to have turned up at the highest echelon of American politics being an atheist, single and childless."<ref>{{cite news | last = Weymouth | first = Lally | title = Lally Weymouth interviews Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard | work = The Washington Post | date = 3 March 2013 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/lally-weymouth-interviews-australian-prime-minister-julia-gillard/2013/03/08/9d0035c0-8733-11e2-999e-5f8e0410cb9d_story.html | access-date = 4 January 2016}}</ref> In her 2014 autobiography, ''My Story'', Gillard stated, "[[Kevin Rudd|Kevin]] had to be the leader in our alliance because I understood that I was not what Labor needed at that point: a woman, not married, an atheist."<ref>{{cite news | title=Julia Gillard says Kevin Rudd was a man desperate for applause| work = [[The Australian]] | date = 24 September 2016 | access-date = 7 February 2016 | url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/julia-gillard-says-kevin-rudd-was-a-man-desperate-for-applause/news-story/7c0e7e61faf00fe98ea8d9c0a0668cbd }}</ref> === AWU affair === {{Main|AWU affair}} Gillard worked in the industrial department of the law firm Slater & Gordon from 1988 through to 1995.<ref name="Grech2012-08-20">Grech, Andrew. (20 August 2012). "[http://www.slatergordon.com.au/media/news-media-releases/vic-act-sa-tas-nt/Statement-regarding-the-employment-of-Prime-Minister-Gillard Statement regarding the employment of Prime Minister Gillard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127141637/http://www.slatergordon.com.au/media/news-media-releases/vic-act-sa-tas-nt/Statement-regarding-the-employment-of-Prime-Minister-Gillard |date=27 November 2012 }}"</ref> In the early 1990s, she was in a relationship with Bruce Wilson, an official of the [[Australian Workers' Union]] (AWU).<ref name=OurJulia>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/management/our-julia/2007/05/18/1178995371860.html |title=Our Julia|last=Valent|first=Dani|date=18 May 2007 |work=[[The Age]] | access-date=26 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=Timeline>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Hedley|title=The political controversy that won't go away|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/the-political-controversy-that-wont-go-away/story-fn59niix-1226452912534|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=18 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=Confession>{{cite news|last=Milne|first=Glenn|title=Gillard's stunning confession|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/sydney-news/gillards-stunning-confession/story-e6freuzi-1111114848862|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=11 November 2007}}</ref> Gillard provided [[pro-bono]] legal assistance to help establish the AWU Workplace Reform Association for Wilson and his associate Ralph Blewitt.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Hedley|title=Revealed: Julia Gillard lost her job after law firm's secret investigation|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/investigations/revealed-julia-gillard-lost-her-job-after-law-firms-secret-investigation/story-fn6tcxar-1226452973559 |access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Australian]]|date=18 August 2012}}</ref> She was also involved in providing legal services in relation to the purchase of a Fitzroy property by Wilson and Blewitt. Wilson and Blewitt have been accused of creating the association to use a [[slush fund]] for personal benefit, including diverting funds for the purchase of the house in Fitzroy.<ref>Freebairn, Pip and Skulley, Mark. (30 November 2012). "[http://afr.com/p/national/coalition_calls_for_pm_to_resign_579zhEG0RW6K3a8oKp3rON Coalition says PM broke the law]". ''[[The Australian Financial Review]]''. Retrieved 2 December 2012.</ref> Slater & Gordon investigated Gillard's conduct and concluded that she had no case to answer.<ref name="Coorey1"/><ref name=NoEvidence>{{cite news|last=Gordon|first=Michael|title=No evidence Gillard had case to answer, says the investigating lawyer|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/no-evidence-gillard-had-case-to-answer-says-the-investigating-lawyer-20120821-24kll.html|access-date=22 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=22 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Sales2012-11-22">[[Leigh Sales|Sales, Leigh]]. (22 November 2012). "[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3639012.htm "7:30—Former Slater and Gordon partner explores AWU scandal"]. ''[[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]]''. Retrieved 1 December 2012.</ref> Gillard has denied any wrongdoing.<ref name=ClearTheAir>{{cite news|title=Julia Gillard urged to 'clear the air' over Slater and Gordon allegations|url=http://www.news.com.au/news/julia-gillard-urged-to-clear-the-air-over-slater-and-gordon-allegations/story-fnehlez2-1226455942450|access-date=22 August 2012|publisher=[[News.com.au]]|date=22 August 2012}}</ref> A subsequent [[Royal Commission into trade union governance and corruption|Royal Commission into union corruption]] found that Gillard had not committed or known of any criminal activity, but had displayed a lapse in professional judgement.<ref>Knott, Matthew. (19 December 2014). [http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/unions-royal-commission-clears-julia-gillard-but-questions-her-credibility-as-a-witness-20141219-12alcd.html "Unions royal commission clears Julia Gillard but questions her credibility as a witness"], ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''. Retrieved 19 December 2014.</ref> == Works == * {{cite book |title=My Story |last=Gillard |first=Julia |publisher=Random House Australia |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-85798-391-6|title-link=My Story (Julia Gillard autobiography) }} *{{Cite book|last1=Gillard|first1=Julia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1138642798|title=Women and Leadership: Real lives, real lessons|last2=Okonjo-Iweala|first2=Ngozi|date=2020|isbn=978-0-14-379428-8|location=Australia|oclc=1138642798}} == See also == * ''[[At Home with Julia]]'', a satirical television series * [[List of elected or appointed female heads of government]] * [[List of female heads of government in Australia]] {{Portal bar|Australia|Politics|Wales}} == References == {{Reflist|25em}} ==Further reading== {{refbegin|30em}} ===Biographies and political analysis=== * {{cite book |editor-first1=Chris|editor-last1=Aulich |title=The Gillard Governments |year=2014 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-1-74348-516-3}} * {{cite book |last=Bramston |first=Troy |title=Rudd, Gillard and Beyond |year=2014 |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |isbn=978-1-74348-516-3}} * {{cite book |last=Cassidy |first=Barrie |author-link=Barrie Cassidy |title=The Party Thieves: The Real Story Of The 2010 Election |year=2010 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-86061-0}} * {{cite book |first=Philip| last=Chubb|title=Power Failure: The inside story of climate politics under Rudd and Gillard|publisher=Black Inc. |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-86395-660-4}} * {{cite book |last=Cooney |first=Michael |title=The Gillard Project |year=2015 |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |isbn=978-1-74348-517-0}} * {{cite book |last=Delahunty |first=Mary |title=Gravity: Inside the PM's office during her last year and final days |author-link=Mary Delahunty |year=2014 |publisher=Hardie Grant Books |isbn=978-1-74358-221-3}} * {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Bob |author-link=Bob Ellis|title=Suddenly, Last Winter: An Election Diary |year=2010 |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |isbn=978-0-670-07557-7}} * {{cite book |last=Kelly |first=Paul |title=Triumph & Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation |author-link=Paul Kelly (journalist) |year=2014 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-86210-2|title-link=Triumph & Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation }} * {{cite book |last=Kent |first=Jacqueline |title=The making of Julia Gillard: Prime Minister |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |edition=2nd |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4596-2143-5}} * {{cite book |last=Kent |first=Jacqueline |title=Take Your Best Shot: The Prime Ministership of Julia Gillard |publisher=Penguin Group Australia |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-14-357056-1}} * {{cite book |last=MacCallum |first=Mungo |title=The Good, the Bad and the Unlikely: Australia's Prime Ministers|author-link=Mungo Wentworth MacCallum |publisher=Black Inc.|edition=3rd |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-86395-677-2}} * {{cite book|last=Skard|first=Torild|author-link=Torild Skard|year=2014|chapter= Julia Gillard |title=Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide |publisher=[[Policy Press]] |isbn=978-1-4473-1578-0}} * {{cite book |editor-first1=Samantha|editor-last1=Trenoweth|title=Bewitched & Bedevilled: Women write the Gillard years |year=2013 |publisher=Hardie Grant Books |isbn=978-1-74358-146-9}} * {{cite book |first=Kerry-Anne| last=Walsh|title=The Stalking of Julia Gillard: How the media and Team Rudd brought down the Prime Minister|publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-224-02726-7| title-link=The Stalking of Julia Gillard: How the media and Team Rudd brought down the Prime Minister}} ===Ministerial autobiographies=== * {{cite book |title=Hearts & Minds: A Blueprint for Modern Labor |first=Chris |last=Bowen |author-link=Chris Bowen |publisher=Melbourne University Press|year=2013 |isbn=978-0-522-86443-4}} * {{cite book |title=Diary of a Foreign Minister |first=Bob |last=Carr |author-link=Bob Carr |publisher=New South|year=2014 |isbn=978-1-74224-170-8}} * {{cite book |title=A Letter to Generation Next: Why Labor |first=Kim |last=Carr |author-link=Kim Carr |publisher=Melbourne University Press|year=2013 |isbn=978-0-522-86446-5}} * {{cite book |title=The Fights of My Life |first=Greg |last=Combet |author-link=Greg Combet |publisher=Melbourne University Press|year=2014 |isbn=978-0-522-86617-9}} * {{cite book |title=Big Blue Sky: A Memoir |first=Peter |last=Garrett |author-link=Peter Garrett |publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2015 |isbn=978-1-76011-041-3}} * {{cite book |title=The Good Fight: Six years, two prime ministers and staring down the Great Recession|first=Wayne |last=Swan|author-link=Wayne Swan|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2014 |isbn=978-1-74331-935-2}} {{refend}} == External links == {{Sister project links|d=no|n=yes|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * [http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=83L Julia Gillard] on the [[Parliament of Australia]] * Julia Gillard's [http://juliagillard.com.au/ personal website] * {{OpenAustralia}} * [http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0362b.htm Gillard, Julia Eileen (1961 – )] in ''The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia'' * {{C-SPAN}} {{s-start}} {{s-par|au}} {{s-bef|before=[[Barry Jones (Australian politician)|Barry Jones]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Division of Lalor|Member for Lalor]]|years=1998–2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joanne Ryan (politician)|Joanne Ryan]]}} |- {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jenny Macklin]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Australian Labor Party|Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party]]|years=2006–2010}} {{s-aft|after=[[Wayne Swan]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Kevin Rudd]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Australian Labor Party|Leader of the Australian Labor Party]]|years=2010–2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kevin Rudd]]}} |- {{s-off}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Mark Latham]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Manager of Opposition Business in the House (Australia)|Manager of Opposition Business in the 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{{s-aft|after=[[Kevin Rudd]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Kamla Persad-Bissessar]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Commonwealth Chair-in-Office|Chair of the Commonwealth of Nations]]|years=2011–2013}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kevin Rudd]]}} |- {{s-intgov}} {{s-bef|before=[[Carol Bellamy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Global Partnership for Education|Chair of the Global Partnership for Education]]|years=2014–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes | list = {{Prime Ministers of Australia}} {{Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia}} {{Australian Labor Party}} {{Gillard Ministry}} {{First Rudd Cabinet}} {{2010 Australian federal election}} {{Leaders of the Australian Labor Party}} {{Commonwealth Chairpersons-in-Office}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gillard, Julia}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Australian women politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Australian women politicians]] 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