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'{{short description|County in Florida, United States}} {{use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox U.S. county | county = Union County | state = Florida | seal = | founded year = 1921 | founded date = May 20 | named for = Concept of Unity | seat = [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]] | largest city = Lake Butler | area_total_sq_mi = 250 | area_land_sq_mi = 244 | area_water_sq_mi = 6.2 | area percentage = 2.5 | census yr = 2020 | pop = 16147 | density_sq_mi = 64 | web =http://www.unioncounty-fl.gov/ | ex image = Union Cnty Crths Lake Butler.jpg | ex image cap = [[Union County Courthouse (Florida)|Union County Courthouse]] | district = 3rd | time zone = Eastern }} '''Union County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[North Central Florida|north central]] portion of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]], the smallest in the state by area. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 16,147.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/12125.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201185712/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/12125.html|archive-date=February 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> With a personal [[per capita income]] of $11,396 (as of 2017), it is the [[List of lowest-income counties in the United States|poorest county in the United States]]. ==History== Union County was created in 1921 from part of [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]]. It was named to honor the concept of unity. Union County is the location of [[Union Correctional Institution]] and the Reception and Medical Center (RMC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/209.html |title=Reception and Medical Center (RMC) |publisher=[[Florida Department of Corrections]] |access-date=July 28, 2010 |archive-date=July 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728233109/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/Region2/209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Union CI is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_County,_Florida&action=edit&section=3 maximum security prison] and is home to part of Florida's [[Death row|Death Row]]. The death chamber is located at nearby [[Florida State Prison]] (FSP) in Bradford County. Florida State Prison also houses some death-row inmates. ==Geography== According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has an area of {{convert|250|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|244|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|6.2|sqmi}} (2.5%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is the smallest county by area in Florida. ===Adjacent counties=== * [[Baker County, Florida|Baker County]] (north) * [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] (south) * [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]] (east) * [[Columbia County, Florida|Columbia County]] (west) ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1930= 7428 |1940= 7094 |1950= 8906 |1960= 6043 |1970= 8112 |1980= 10166 |1990= 10252 |2000= 13442 |2010= 15535 |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2019<ref name="QF" /> |2020=16147}} {| class="wikitable" |+'''Union County racial composition as of 2020'''<br> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>https://www.census.gov/ {{nonspecific|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}} !Race !Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US12125&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> !Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US12125&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> !% 2010 !% 2020 |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH) |11,123 |11,585 |71.6% |71.75% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH) |3,391 |3,197 |21.83% |19.8% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH) |52 |42 |0.33% |0.26% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH) |32 |35 |0.21% |0.22% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH) |2 |0 |0.01% |0.0% |- |Some Other Race (NH) |4 |62 |0.03% |0.38% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH) |188 |462 |1.21% |2.86% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] |743 |764 |4.78% |4.73% |- |'''Total''' |'''15,535''' |'''16,147''' | | |} As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 16,147 people, 4,008 households, and 2,873 families residing in the county. At the 2000 [[census]],<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-05-14|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 13,442 people, 3,367 households and 2,606 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 56 per square mile (22/km²). There were 3,736 housing units at an average density of 16 per square&nbsp;mile (6/km²). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|racial makeup]] of the county was 73.62% White, 22.84% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. 3.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 3,367 households, 41.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.60% were non-families. 19.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.13. The age distribution was 21.80% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 39.80% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 183.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 215.20 males. This extremely skewed gender distribution is the result of the county's male prison population. The median household income was $34,563, and the median family income was $37,516. Males had a median income of $28,571 versus $22,083 for females. The county's [[per capita income]] was $12,333. About 10.50% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 16.20% of those age 65 or over. The county suffers a death rate of about 1600 per 100,000 residents, the highest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koeze |first1=Ella |title=35 Years Of American Death |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/mortality-rates-united-states/ |website=Five Thirty-eight |date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Cause of Death (2017) <ref name="Union County Data">{{cite web |title=Union County Data |url=https://wellflorida.org/data-reports/union-county-data/ |website=Wellflorida |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153349/https://wellflorida.org/data-reports/union-county-data/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Union County (Adjusted Rate) ! Florida (Adjusted Rate) |- |Overall |1,516 |681 |- |Cancer |470 |153 |- |Heart Disease |298 |152 |- |Respiratory Infection |121 |39 |- |Stroke |59 |36 |- |Hepatitis |54 |2 |} ==Government and infrastructure== [[File:UnionCIRaifordFL.jpg|thumb|[[Union Correctional Institution]]]] The [[Florida Department of Corrections]] (FDOC) operates Region II Correctional Facility Office in an [[unincorporated area]] in Union County.<ref>"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/index.html Region II Correctional Facility Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991010151339/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/index.html |date=October 10, 1999 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> FDOC also maintains the [[Union Correctional Institution]] in an unincorporated area in the county.<ref>"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/213.html Union Correctional Facility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724221446/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/213.html |date=July 24, 2010 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on August 31, 2010.</ref> Union Correctional Institution houses one of two death rows for men in Florida.<ref name="FloridaDR">"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/ Death Row Fact Sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423101749/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/ |date=April 23, 2015 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.</ref> About a third of the county's population is imprisoned, compared to a statewide figure of one-half percent.<ref name="Union County Data"/> The Union Juvenile Residential Facility of the [[Florida Department of Juvenile Justice]] is in an unincorporated area in Union County.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.djj.state.fl.us/Residential/facilities/north_facilities/Union.html |title=Union Juvenile Residential Facility |publisher=[[Florida Department of Juvenile Justice]] |access-date=2008-08-03 |archive-date=September 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927105218/http://www.djj.state.fl.us/Residential/facilities/north_facilities/Union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Education== [[Union County School District (Florida)|Union County School District]] serves the county. ===Libraries=== The Union County Public Library serves the county. The branch is at 250 SE 5th Avenue, Lake Butler, Florida 32054. Its director is Mary C. Brown. The branch is open Monday, Wednesday–Friday 9 am–6 pm, Tuesday 9 am–8 pm, and Saturday 9 am–3 pm. ==Transportation== <!--===Airports=== Union County's three airports Worthington Springs main airport is [[Lake City Gateway Airport|Lake City Municipal Airport]]. Private airports also exist throughout the county.--> ===Major roads=== {{See also|List of county roads in Union County, Florida}} * [[Image:Florida 16.svg|20px]] [[Florida State Road 16|State Road 16]] * [[Image:Florida 18.svg|20px]] [[Florida State Road 18|State Road 18]] * [[Image:Florida 100.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 100|State Road 100]] * [[Image:Florida 121.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 121|State Road 121]] * [[Image:Florida 231.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 231|State Road 231]] * [[Image:Florida 238.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 238|State Road 238]] <!--===Railroads=== Union County has had three railroad lines in the past, all of which are abandoned. The primary one is the former [[Georgia Southern and Florida Railway]], which ran along SR 100 from Columbia County through Bradford County.--> <!-- [[Jacksonville and Southwestern Railway]] which ran along SR 121 --> <!-- Spur along [[Florida State Road 16]] the [[Wildwood Subdivision]] in [[Lawtey, Florida]] --> ==Communities== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |- !# !Incorporated Community !Designation !Population |- | 1 || [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]] || City || 1,813 |- | 2 || [[Worthington Springs, Florida|Worthington Springs]] || Town || 390 |- | 3 || [[Raiford, Florida|Raiford]] || Town || 242 |- |} {{PresHead|place=Union County, Florida|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref>}} <!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> {{PresRow|2020|Republican|5,133|1,053|65|Florida}} {{PresRow|2016|Republican|4,568|1,014|140|Florida}} {{PresRow|2012|Republican|3,980|1,339|89|Florida}} {{PresRow|2008|Republican|3,940|1,300|70|Florida}} {{PresRow|2004|Republican|3,396|1,251|28|Florida}} {{PresRow|2000|Republican|2,332|1,407|87|Florida}} {{PresRow|1996|Republican|1,636|1,388|438|Florida}} {{PresRow|1992|Republican|1,546|1,248|777|Florida}} {{PresRow|1988|Republican|1,644|691|14|Florida}} {{PresRow|1984|Republican|1,804|761|2|Florida}} {{PresRow|1980|Democratic|1,123|1,237|63|Florida}} {{PresRow|1976|Democratic|544|1,480|16|Florida}} {{PresRow|1972|Republican|1,314|253|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1968|American Independent|179|290|1,192|Florida}} {{PresRow|1964|Democratic|710|740|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1960|Democratic|311|941|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1956|Democratic|218|958|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1952|Democratic|268|968|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1948|Democratic|55|594|225|Florida}} {{PresRow|1944|Democratic|102|905|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1940|Democratic|95|1,024|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1936|Democratic|89|1,089|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1932|Democratic|60|897|0|Florida}} {{PresRow|1928|Democratic|177|503|9|Florida}} {{PresFoot|1924|Democratic|16|322|10|Florida}} ==See also== {{Portal|Florida}} * [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, Florida]] ==References== {{notelist}} {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028314 ''Union County Times''] newspaper that serves Union County, Florida available in full-text with images in [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/fdnl1 Florida Digital Newspaper Library] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080424082906/http://www.newriver.lib.fl.us/ucpl.htm Union County Public Library] - Website for Union County's library with links to government services and the tri-county area's library catalog. * [http://lakebutlercommunity.com ''Lake Butler Community Page''] a non-official 'Community Page' created by a local resident to help share information about events and more occurring in the Union County/Lake Butler area. ===Government links/Constitutional offices=== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171904/http://www.unioncofl.com/ Union County Board of County Commissioners] * [http://www.electionsfl.org/union/ Union County Supervisor of Elections] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109021735/http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Property Appraiser] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206131445/https://www.unionsheriff.us/ Union County Sheriff's Office] * [http://www.unioncountytaxcollector.com/ Union County Tax Collector] ====Special districts==== * [http://www.union.k12.fl.us/ Union County School Board] * [http://www.swrmd.state.fl.us Suwannee River Water Management District]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [Dead link 26 August 2016] ====Judicial branch==== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109021735/http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Clerk of Courts] * [http://sawww.co.alachua.fl.us/ Office of the State Attorney, 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215024626/http://sawww.co.alachua.fl.us/ |date=December 15, 2004 }} serving [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua]], [[Baker County, Florida|Baker]], [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford]], [[Gilchrist County, Florida|Gilchrist]], Levy and Union Counties * [http://www.circuit8.org/ Circuit and County Court for the 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida] {{Geographic Location |Centre = Union County, Florida |North = [[Baker County, Florida|Baker County]] |Northeast = |East = [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]] |Southeast = |South = [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] and [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]] |Southwest = |West = [[Columbia County, Florida|Columbia County]] |Northwest = }} {{Union County, Florida}} {{Florida}} {{North Florida}} {{coord|30.04|-82.37|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-FL_source:UScensus1990}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Union County, Florida| ]] [[Category:1921 establishments in Florida]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1921]] [[Category:Florida counties]] [[Category:North Florida]]'