Edit filter log

'{{Two other uses|the urban area in New Zealand|the city council area|Wellington City}} {{Infobox Settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Wellington <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = '''''Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara <small>(in [[Maori language|Māori]]</small><ref name=name1/>)''''' |nickname = [[Wellywood]], the Windy City |settlement_type = [[Urban areas of New Zealand|main urban area]] |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Wellington-banner.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Wellington central business district |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = WellingtonNZ.png |mapsize = 150px |map_caption = Location of Wellington within New Zealand |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{NZ}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = [[Wellington Region|Wellington]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Territorial authorities of New Zealand|Territorial authorities]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wellington City]]<br />[[Lower Hutt|Lower Hutt City]]<br />[[Upper Hutt|Upper Hutt City]]<br />[[Porirua|Porirua City]] <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wellington.govt.nz/aboutwgtn/glance/index.html. |title=About Wellington - Facts & Figures |accessdate=2008-08-05 |work= |publisher=Wellington City Council |date= }}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 290 <!--Region--> <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Elevation --------------------------> |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = 0 |elevation_min_ft = 0 <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = {{NZ population data|||y}} |population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wellington.govt.nz/plans/annualplan/0708/pdfs/03snapshot.pdf |title=Wellington City Council Annual Plan 2007-2008|accessdate=2008-08-05 |work= |publisher= |date= }}</ref><ref name="NZ_population_data"/> |population_note = |population_urban = {{formatnum:{{NZ population data||y}}|R}} |population_density_km2 = 620.9 <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]] |utc_offset = +12 |timezone_DST = NZDT |utc_offset_DST = +13 |coor_type = |latd=41 |latm=17 |lats=20 |latNS=S |longd=174|longm=46 |longs=38 |longEW=E <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |blank_name =Local [[iwi]] |blank_info =[[Ngāti Poneke]], [[Ngāti Tama]], [[Te Āti Awa]] |postal_code_type = Postcode(s) |postal_code = 6000 group, and 5000 and 5300 series |area_code = 04 (local) +64 4 (from overseas) |website = http://www.wellingtonnz.com/ |footnotes = }} [[Image:Cable Car (NZ).jpg|thumb|Wellington [[Harbour]] & [[Cable Car]] - view from [[Kelburn, New Zealand|Kelburn]]]]<!--leave image here to avoid blank lines--> '''Wellington''' is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] of [[New Zealand]], situated at the southwestern tip of the [[North Island]] between [[Cook Strait]] and the [[Rimutaka Range]]. The '''Wellington Urban Area''' is the major population centre of the southern North Island and ranks as New Zealand's third most populous [[Urban areas of New Zealand|urban area]] with {{NZ population data||y}} residents. There are {{NZ population data|Wellington Region|y}} residents in the [[Wellington Region]] ({{NZ population data|||y}}s).<ref name="NZ_population_data"/> Wellington's suburbs lie across four cities. [[Wellington City]], on the peninsula between Cook Strait and [[Wellington Harbour]], contains the central business district and about half of Wellington's population. [[Porirua|Porirua City]] is situated on [[Porirua Harbour]] to the north and is notable for its large [[Māori]] and [[Pacific Islander|Pacific Island]] communities. [[Lower Hutt|Lower Hutt City]] and [[Upper Hutt|Upper Hutt City]] are suburban areas to the northeast, together known as the [[Hutt Valley]]. Although each of the four cities also contains a rural hinterland, almost all of the population is within the urban area. ==Name== Wellington was named in honour of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]], the first [[Duke of Wellington]] and victor of the [[Battle of Waterloo]]. The Duke's title comes from the town of [[Wellington, Somerset|Wellington]] in the [[Counties of England|English county]] of [[Somerset]]. In [[Māori language|Māori]], Wellington goes by three names. '''Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara''' refers to [[Wellington Harbour]] and means "the great harbour of Tara".<ref name=name1>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/TeAtiAwaWellington/mi|title=Te Āti Awa ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara|publisher=[[Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|language=[[Māori]]}}, orthographic conventions sourced from {{cite web|url=http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/pub_e/conventions2.shtml|title=Māori Language Commission}}</ref> '''Pōneke''' is a transliteration of ''Port Nick'', short for ''Port Nicholson'' (the city's central [[marae]], the community supporting it and its [[kapa haka]] have the pseudo-tribal name of '''[[Ngāti Poneke|Ngāti Pōneke]]''').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/templates/placeprofilesummary.aspx?id=35015|title=Poneke|publisher=[[New Zealand Department of Conservation]]}}</ref> '''Te Upoko-o-te-Ika-a-Māui''', meaning ''The Head of the Fish of Māui'' (often shortened to '''Te Upoko-o-te-Ika'''), a traditional name for the southernmost part of the North Island, derives from the legend of the fishing up of the island by the demigod [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]]. Wellington also goes by a number of nicknames including ''The Harbour Capital'', ''[[Wellywood]]'' and (now rarely) the ''Windy City'' . ==Importance== Wellington is New Zealand's [[New Zealand Politics|political]] centre, housing [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]] and the head offices of all [[New Zealand House of Representatives|Government]] [[State sector organisations in New Zealand|Ministries and Departments]], plus the bulk of the foreign [[List of diplomatic posts in New Zealand|diplomatic missions]] that are based in New Zealand. Wellington's compact city centre supports an arts scene, café culture and nightlife much larger than most cities of a similar size. It is a centre of New Zealand's film and theatre industry. [[Te Papa Tongarewa]] (the Museum of New Zealand), the [[New Zealand Symphony Orchestra]], the [[Royal New Zealand Ballet]], [[Museum of Wellington City & Sea]] and the biennial New Zealand International Arts Festival are all sited there. Wellington has the 12th best [[Quality of life|quality of living]] in the world, according to [[List of cities by quality of living|a 2007 study]] by consulting company Mercer. Of cities with English as the primary language, Wellington ranked fourth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.jhtml?idContent=1128060|title=Mercer 2007 World-wide quality of living survey}}</ref> Only Auckland of New Zealand cities rated higher as it was ranked fifth in the world in 2006 and 2007. ==Settlement== {{see also|New Zealand Company}} Legend recounts that [[Kupe]] discovered and explored the district in about the tenth century. [[Image:The Old Shebang, Cuba Street, Wellington, ca 1883.jpg|thumb|"The Old Shebang" on [[Cuba Street, Wellington|Cuba Street]] ca 1883]] [[Europe]]an settlement began with the arrival of an advance party of the [[New Zealand Company]] on the ship ''Tory'', on [[20 September]] [[1839]], followed by 150 settlers on the ''Aurora'' on [[22 January]] [[1840]]. The settlers constructed their first homes at [[Petone]] (which they called Britannia for a time) on the flat area at the mouth of the [[Hutt River, New Zealand|Hutt River]]. When that proved swampy and flood-prone they transplanted the plans, which had been drawn without regard for the hilly terrain. ==Earthquakes== {{see also|Earthquakes in New Zealand}} [[Image:NZParliamentbuildings.JPG|thumb|[[New Zealand government]] "[[Beehive (building)|Beehive]]" and the [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings|Parliament Buildings]].]]Wellington suffered serious damage in a series of [[earthquake]]s in [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1840s|1848]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/HistoricEarthquakes/2/en |title=The 1848 Marlborough earthquake - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |publisher=Teara.govt.nz |date=2005-03-30 |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> and from another earthquake in [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1850s|1855]]. The [[1855 Wairarapa earthquake]] occurred on a [[fault line]] to the north and east of Wellington. It ranks as probably the most powerful earthquake in recorded [[History of New Zealand|New Zealand history]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/HistoricEarthquakes/3/en |title=The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |publisher=Teara.govt.nz |date=2007-09-21 |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> with an estimated magnitude of at least 8.2 on the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]]. It caused vertical movements of two to three metres over a large area, including raising an area of land out of the harbour and turning it into a tidal swamp. Much of this land was subsequently reclaimed and is now part of Wellington's [[central business district]]. For this reason the street named [[Lambton Quay, Wellington|Lambton Quay]] now runs 100 to 200 metres (325 to 650&nbsp;ft) from the harbour. Plaques set into the footpath along Lambton Quay mark the shoreline in [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1840s|1840]] and thus indicate the extent of the uplift and of subsequent reclamation. The area has high seismic activity even by New Zealand standards, with a major fault line running through the centre of the city, and several others nearby. Several hundred more minor fault lines have been identified within the urban area. The inhabitants, particularly those in [[high-rise]] buildings, typically notice several [[earthquake]]s every year. For many years after the 1855 earthquake, the majority of buildings constructed in Wellington were made entirely from wood. The 1996-restored [[Government Buildings (Wellington, New Zealand)|Government Buildings]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historic.org.nz/Register/ListingDetail.asp?RID=37&sm= |title=Historic Places Trust |publisher=Historic.org.nz |date=2001-10-25 |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> near Parliament is the largest wooden [[Office|office building]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. While masonry and [[structural steel]] have subsequently been used in [[Construction|building construction]], especially for office buildings, [[timber framing]] remains the primary structural component of almost all residential construction. Residents also place their hopes of survival in good [[Building Regulations|building regulations]], which gradually became more stringent in the course of the twentieth century. ==New Zealand's capital== [[Image:SCONZ.jpg|thumb|The historic former High Court building, future home of the [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]].]] [[Image:New Zealand-Wellington-Old Government Buildings-Panorama.png|thumb|360° panorama of the [[Government Buildings (Wellington, NZ)|old Government Buildings]].]] <!--PLEASE LEAVE IMAGES IN A ROW TO AVOID BLANK LINES...--> In [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1860s|1865]], Wellington became the capital of New Zealand, replacing [[Auckland]], where [[William Hobson]] had established his capital in [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1840s|1841]]. Parliament first sat in Wellington on [[7 July]] [[1862]], but the city did not become the official capital for some time. In November 1863 the Premier [[Alfred Domett]] moved a resolution before Parliament (in Auckland) that "... it has become necessary that the [[seat of government]]&nbsp;... should be transferred to some suitable locality in Cook Strait." Apparently there was concern that the southern regions, where the gold fields were located, would form a separate colony. Commissioners from Australia (chosen for their neutral status) pronounced the opinion that Wellington was suitable because of its harbour and central location. Parliament officially sat in Wellington for the first time on [[26 July]] [[1865]]. The population of Wellington was then 4,900.<ref>Phillip Temple: ''Wellington Yesterday''</ref> Wellington is the seat of New Zealand's highest court, the [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]]. The historic former High Court building is to be enlarged and restored for the court's use. [[Government House, Wellington|Government House]], the [[official residence]] of the [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]], is in Newtown, opposite the [[Basin Reserve]]. ==Location and geography== [[Image:Wellington Urban Area.png|thumb|The Wellington Urban Area (pink) is administered by four city councils]] Wellington stands at the south-western tip of the [[North Island]] on [[Cook Strait]], the passage that separates the North and South Islands. On a clear day the snowcapped [[Kaikoura Ranges]] are visible to the south across the strait. To the north stretch the golden beaches of the [[Kapiti Coast]]. On the east the [[Rimutaka Range]] divides Wellington from the broad plains of the [[Wairarapa]], a [[List of wine-producing regions|wine region]] of national acclaim. With a [[latitude]] of about 41° 17' S, Wellington is the [[The World's most southern|southernmost national capital city in the world]].<ref>{{cite book |title= [[Guinness World Records]] 2009|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2008 |publisher= Guinness World Records Ltd|location= London, United Kingdom|isbn= 9781904994367 |page= 277 |pages= |url= }}</ref> It is also the [[Extreme points of the World#Remoteness|most remote]] capital in the World (i.e. the furthest from any other capital). It is more densely populated than most other settlements in New Zealand, due to the small amount of building space available between the harbour and the surrounding hills. Wellington has very few suitable areas in which to expand and this has resulted in the development of the surrounding cities in the greater urban area. Because of its location in the [[Roaring Forties|roaring forties]] latitudes and its exposure to omnipresent winds coming through [[Cook Strait]], the city is known to [[Kiwi (people)|Kiwis]] as "Windy Wellington". More than most cities, life in Wellington is dominated by its central business district (CBD). Approximately 62,000 people work in the CBD, only 4,000 fewer than work in [[Auckland]]'s CBD, despite that city having three times Wellington's population. Wellington's cultural and nightlife venues concentrate in [[Courtenay Place, Wellington|Courtenay Place]] and surroundings located in the southern part of the [[Central business district|CBD]], making the [[inner city]] suburb of [[Te Aro]] the largest entertainment destination in New Zealand. Wellington has a median income well above the average in New Zealand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.careers.govt.nz/life_wellington.html|title=Living in Wellington|publisher=Career Services|date=1 May 2007}}</ref> and a much higher proportion of people with tertiary qualifications than the national average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellington.govt.nz/aboutwgtn/glance/census/occupation.html|title=Wellington Facts & Figures - Census Summaries - 2006 - Occupation & Qualifications|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]}}</ref> [[Image:Boat harbour, Oriental Bay, Wellington, 1923.jpg|thumb|300px|The boat harbour, Oriental Bay, Wellington, 1923]] Wellington has a reputation for its picturesque [[Harbor|natural harbour]] and green hillsides adorned with tiered suburbs of colonial villas. The CBD is sited close to Lambton Harbour, an arm of [[Wellington Harbour]]. Wellington Harbour lies along an active [[geological fault]], which is clearly evident on its straight western coast. The land to the west of this rises abruptly, meaning that many of Wellington's suburbs sit high above the centre of the city. There is a network of bush walks and reserves maintained by the [[Wellington City|Wellington City Council]] and local volunteers. The Wellington region has {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|-1}} of regional parks and forests. In the east is the [[Miramar Peninsula]], connected to the rest of the city by a low-lying isthmus at Rongotai, the site of [[Wellington International Airport]]. The narrow entrance to Wellington is directly to the east of the Miramar Peninsula, and contains the dangerous shallows of [[Barrett Reef]], where many ships have been wrecked (most famously the inter-island ferry [[Wahine disaster|Wahine]] in [[Timeline of New Zealand history#1960s|1968]]). On the hill west of the city centre are [[Victoria University of Wellington|Victoria University]] and [[Wellington Botanic Garden]]. Both can be reached by a [[funicular]] railway, the [[Wellington Cable Car]]. Wellington Harbour has three islands: [[Matiu/Somes Island]], [[Makaro/Ward Island]] and [[Mokopuna Island]]. Only Matiu/Somes Island is large enough for settlement. It has been used as a quarantine station for people and animals and as an [[Internment|internment camp]] during the First and [[World War II|Second World Wars]]. It is now a conservation island, providing refuge for [[endangered species]], much like [[Kapiti Island]] further up the coast. There is access during daylight hours by the [http://www.eastbywest.co.nz/ Dominion Post Ferry]. ==Architecture== [[Image:Wellington-27-05-08.jpg|thumb|left|Night Harbour view]]Wellington contains a variety of architectural styles dating back from the past 150 years; from nineteenth century wooden cottages, such as the [[Katherine Mansfield Birthplace]] in Thorndon, some streamlined [[Art Deco]] structures such as the old [[Wellington Free Ambulance]] headquarters and the [[City Gallery Wellington|City Gallery]], and the curves and vibrant colours of post-modern architecture in the CBD. The oldest building in Wellington is [[The Colonial Cottage Museum|the Colonial Cottage]] in Mount Cook.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colonialcottagemuseum.co.nz/home.html |title=Colonial Cottage |publisher=Colonialcottagemuseum.co.nz |date= |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> The tallest building in the city is the [[Majestic Centre]] on Willis Street at 116 metres high,<ref name="skyscrapercityarchive">[http://skyscrapercity.com/archive/index.php/t-121304.html SkyScraper City archive] (accessed September 22, 2006)</ref> the second tallest being the [[structural expressionist]] [[BNZ Tower]] at 103 metres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=stateinsurancetower-wellington-newzealand |title=Emporis.com |publisher=Emporis.com |date=2006-11-11 |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> [[Futuna Chapel]] is located in [[Karori]], was the first bicultural building in New Zealand, and is thus considered one of the most significant New Zealand buildings of the twentieth century. [[Image:The Bucket Fountain, Wellington.jpg|thumb|left|The bucket fountain, Cuba Street]] [[Old St. Paul's, Wellington|Old Saint Paul's]] is an example of 19th-century [[Gothic Revival architecture]] adapted to colonial conditions and materials, as is [[St Mary of the Angels (Wellington)|Saint Mary of the Angels]]. The [[Museum of Wellington City & Sea]] building, the [[Wellington Harbour Board Head Office and Bond Store|Bond Store]] is in the Second French Empire style, and the [[Wellington Harbour Board Wharf Office Building]] is in a late English Classical style. There are several restored theatre buildings, the [[St. James Theatre (Wellington)|St. James Theatre]], the [[Opera House (Wellington)|Opera House]] and the [[Embassy Theatre]]. [[Civic Square, Wellington|Civic Square]] is surrounded by the [[Wellington Town Hall|Town Hall]] and council offices, the [[Michael Fowler Centre]], the [[Wellington City Libraries#Wellington Central Library|Wellington Central Library]], the [[City-to-Sea bridge, Wellington|City-to-Sea bridge]], and the [[City Gallery Wellington|City Gallery]]. Being the capital, there are many memorable government buildings in Wellington. Both the [[National Library of New Zealand]], located on [[Molesworth Street, Wellington|Molesworth Street]], and the Te Puni Kōkiri building on [[Lambton Quay, Wellington|Lambton Quay]] are aesthetically unique <!--but I can't find any information yet about the buildings' histories -->. The circular-conical Executive Wing of [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings]], located on the corner of Lambton Quay and Molesworth Street, was constructed in the mid-60s and is commonly referred to as [[Beehive (building)|the Beehive]]. Across the road from the Beehive is the largest wooden building in the [[Southern Hemisphere]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/templates/page.aspx?id=34143 |title=Department of Conservation |publisher=Doc.govt.nz |date=2006-08-29 |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> part of the [[Government Buildings (Wellington, NZ)|old Government Buildings]] which now houses part of [[Victoria University of Wellington]]'s Law Faculty. Further afield, [[Victoria University Coastal Ecology Laboratory|Victoria University's Coastal Ecology Laboratory]] on the south coast of Wellington is an arresting new structure that was completed in early 2009. The [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]] is located on the waterfront. As tastes and trends in architecture have come into and fallen out of fashion, many memorable buildings have been lost. Wellington also contains many iconic sculptures and structures. [[Elijah Wood]] mentioned that he urinated from the [[the Bucket Fountain|Bucket Fountain]] in [[Cuba Street]] in an interview with [[Jay Leno]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tbhl.theonering.net/tbhlnews/news-archive-12-2003.html |title=The Bastards have Landed: The Peter Jackson Fanclub |publisher=Tbhl.theonering.net |date= |accessdate=2009-02-06}}</ref> ==Climate== The city averages 2025 hours (or about 169 days) of sunshine per year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.niwascience.co.nz/edu/resources/climate/sunshine/ | title = Mean Monthly Sunshine (hours) | publisher = [[National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research]]}}</ref> <center> <!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather |metric_first= yes |single_line=yes |location = Wellington, New Zealand |Jan_Hi_°C = 20.3 |Feb_Hi_°C = 20.6 |Mar_Hi_°C = 19 |Apr_Hi_°C = 16.7 |May_Hi_°C = 14.2 |Jun_Hi_°C = 12 |Jul_Hi_°C = 11.4 |Aug_Hi_°C = 12 |Sep_Hi_°C = 13.5 |Oct_Hi_°C = 15 |Nov_Hi_°C = 16.6 |Dec_Hi_°C = 18.5 |Year_Hi_°C = 15.8 |Jan_Lo_°C = 13.4 |Feb_Lo_°C = 13.6 |Mar_Lo_°C = 12.6 |Apr_Lo_°C = 10.9 |May_Lo_°C = 8.8 |Jun_Lo_°C = 6.9 |Jul_Lo_°C = 6.3 |Aug_Lo_°C = 6.5 |Sep_Lo_°C = 7.7 |Oct_Lo_°C = 9 |Nov_Lo_°C = 10.3 |Dec_Lo_°C = 12.2 |Year_Lo_°C = 9.9 |Jan_Precip_cm = |Jan_Precip_mm = 72 |Feb_Precip_cm = |Feb_Precip_mm = 62 |Mar_Precip_cm = |Mar_Precip_mm = 92 |Apr_Precip_cm = |Apr_Precip_mm = 100 |May_Precip_cm = |May_Precip_mm = 117 |Jun_Precip_cm = |Jun_Precip_mm = 147 |Jul_Precip_cm = |Jul_Precip_mm = 136 |Aug_Precip_cm = |Aug_Precip_mm = 123 |Sep_Precip_cm = |Sep_Precip_mm = 100 |Oct_Precip_cm = |Oct_Precip_mm = 115 |Nov_Precip_cm = |Nov_Precip_mm = 99 |Dec_Precip_cm = |Dec_Precip_mm = 86 |Year_Precip_cm = |Year_Precip_mm = 1249 |source = NIWA<ref name="climate">{{cite web | url = http://www.niwascience.co.nz/edu/resources/climate/ | title = NIWA Climate Data 1971-2000 | publisher = }}</ref>|accessdate =Oct 2007}}<!--Infobox ends--> </center> == Energy == The energy needs of the Wellington area are increasing, and one new source is the wind. Project West Wind was granted resource consent for 66 turbines, which is estimated to generate approximately 140MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411415/642358|title=Makara Wind Farm}}</ref> Meridian Energy's Project West Wind is located a few kilometres west of Wellington's CBD, located on Meridian's Quartz Hill and [[Terawhiti Station]]. ==Demographics== The urban area of Wellington stretches across the city council areas of Wellington, Lower Hutt, Upper Hutt and Porirua. The four cities have a total population of {{formatnum:{{#expr: {{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Porirua City|y}}|R}} + {{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Upper Hutt City|y}}|R}} + {{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Lower Hutt City|y}}|R}} + {{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Wellington City|y}}|R}} }}}} {{NZ population data|||y|y|(|),}} and the Wellington Urban Area contains 99% of that population. The remaining areas are largely mountainous and sparsely farmed or parkland and are outside the urban area boundary. Demographic statistics from the 2006 census are not readily available for the Wellington Urban Area, so the following demographic statistics detailed in this section are for the four city council areas: ===Age distribution=== {|class="wikitable" border="1" |- !Area||Under 20||20&ndash;39||40&ndash;59||60&ndash;79|||80 and over |- |Wellington City||25%||37%||26%||10%||2% |- |Lower Hutt City||30%||27%||27%||12%||3% |- |Upper Hutt City||30%||25%||28%||14%||3% |- |Porirua City||34%|||27%||26%||10%||1% |- |Four cities||28%||32%||27%||11%||2% |- |New Zealand||29%||27%||27%||14%||3% |} The relative lack of older people in Wellington is less marked when the neighbouring Kapiti Coast District is included. Nearly 7% of Kapiti Coast residents are over 80. Overall, Wellington's age structure closely matches the national distribution. ==Arts and culture== ===Film=== Wellington is the centre of the nation's film industry. [[Peter Jackson]] famous for ''[[The Lord of the Rings film trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Richard Taylor (movies)|Richard Taylor]], and a growing team of creative professionals have turned the eastern suburb of [[Miramar, New Zealand|Miramar]] into one of the world's most acclaimed [[Filmmaking|film-making]] infrastructures. Directors like [[Jane Campion]] and [[Vincent Ward]] have managed to reach the world's screens with their independent spirit. Emerging Kiwi film-makers, like [[Robert Sarkies]], [[Taika Waititi]], [[Costa Botes]] and Jennifer Bush-Daumec [http://www.bushcraft.co.nz], are extending the Wellington-based lineage and cinematic scope. ===Museums and cultural institutions=== [[Image:Te papa museum.jpg|thumb|[[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|Te Papa]] ("Our Place"), the Museum of New Zealand.]] Wellington is home to [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa|Te Papa]] (the Museum of New Zealand), the [[Museum of Wellington City & Sea]], the [[Katherine Mansfield Birthplace|Katherine Mansfield Birthplace Museum]], [[Colonial Cottage]], the [[New Zealand Cricket]] Museum, the Cable Car Museum, [[Old St. Paul's, Wellington|Old Saint Paul's]], and the Wellington Law school (largest wooden building in the southern hemisphere) and the [[City Gallery Wellington|Wellington City Art Gallery]]. ===Food=== Wellington's [[Coffeehouse|cafe culture]] is prominent. The city has more cafes per capita than New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.careers.govt.nz/default.aspx?id0=19906&id1=wellington|title=Living and working in Wellington}}</ref> ===Festivals=== Wellington has become home to a myriad of high-profile events and cultural celebrations, including the biennial New Zealand International Arts Festival, biennial Wellington Jazz Festival, and major events such as World of [[Wearable Art]], [[Cuba Street Carnival]], New Zealand Fringe Festival, [[New Zealand International Comedy Festival]] (also hosted in Auckland), Summer City, The Wellington Folk Festival (in Wainuiomata), New Zealand Affordable Art Show, The New Zealand Sevens Weekend and Parade, [[Out In The Square|Out in the Square]], Vodafone Homegrown, and numerous [[film festival]]s. ===Music=== The local music scene has, over the years produced bands such as [[The Warratahs]], [[The Phoenix Foundation (band)|The Phoenix Foundation]], [[Shihad]], [[Fly My Pretties]], [[Fat Freddy's Drop]], [[The Black Seeds]], [[Fur Patrol]], [[Flight Of The Conchords]] and [[Connan and the Mockasins]]. The New Zealand [[College or university school of music|School of Music]] was established in 2005 through a merger of the conservatory and theory programmes at [[Massey University]] and [[Victoria University of Wellington]]. [[New Zealand Symphony Orchestra]], [[Nevine String Quartet]] and [[Chamber music|Chamber Music]] New Zealand are based in Wellington. ===Performing arts=== Wellington is home to the [[New Zealand Symphony Orchestra]], [http://www.citygallery.org.nz City Gallery], the [[Royal New Zealand Ballet]], [[St. James Theatre (Wellington)|St James' Theatre]], [[Downstage Theatre]], [[Bats Theatre]], and the New Zealand International Arts Festival; the Wellington Performing Arts Centre is also an important local source for theatre. Wellington is also home to groups that perform Improvised Theatre and [[Improvisational comedy]], including [[Wellington Improvisation Troupe]] (WIT), The Improvisors and youth group, Joe Improv. Poet [[Bill Manhire]], director of the International Institute of Modern Letters, has turned the [[Creative writing|Creative Writing]] Programme at [[Victoria University of Wellington]] into a forge of new literary activity. [[Te Whaea]], New Zealand's university-level school of dance and drama, and tertiary institutions such as The Learning Connexion, offer training and creative development. ===Arts=== [[Image:Art Ferns & Civic Square.JPG|thumb|Art Ferns & Civic Square.]] From 1936 Wellington was home to the [[National Art Gallery of New Zealand]] up until 1992 when it was amalgamated into [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]]. Wellington is also home to the [[New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts]] and the [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand]]. The city's new [[arts centre]], [[Wellington Arts Centre|Toi Poneke]], serves as a nexus of creative projects, collaborations, and multi-disciplinary production. Arts Programmes and Services Manager Eric Vaughn Holowacz and a small team based in the Abel Smith Street facility have produced ambitious new initiatives such as [[Opening Notes]], [[Drive by Art]], the annual [[Artsplash Festival]], and new [[public art]] projects. The city is also home to experimental arts publication [[White Fungus Magazine]]. ==Transport== {{seealso|Public transport in Wellington}} Wellington is served to the north by both [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway 1]] in the west, and [[New Zealand State Highway 2|State Highway 2]] in the east, meeting at the [[Ngauranga Interchange]] north of the city centre, where State Highway 1 takes the traffic into the city, and further to the airport. Road access into the capital is lower in grade that most other cities in New Zealand - between Wellington and the Kapiti Coast, State Highway 1 travels along the Centennial Highway, an narrow accident-prone section of road, and between Wellington and Wairarapa, State Highway 2 must transverse the [[Rimutaka Ranges]] on a similar narrow accident-prone road. Wellington does have two short motorways: the [[Johnsonville-Porirua Motorway]] and the [[Wellington Urban Motorway]], which in combination with a small non-motorway section in the Ngauranga Gorge, connect Porirua with Wellington City. Bus transport in Wellington is supplied by several different operators under the control of Metlink Wellington. Buses serve almost every part of Wellington City, with most of them connecting with each other along the "Golden Mile", a section running from [[Wellington Railway Station]] to [[Courtenay Place]]. [[Image:Tranz Metro EMU Wellington.jpg|thumb|left|Two of [[Tranz Metro]]'s [[NZR EM class|EM class]] [[electric multiple units]] working a southbound morning service on the [[Hutt Valley Line]]. Wellington, as of 2008, is the only New Zealand city with electric suburban trains.]] Wellington lies at the southern end of the [[North Island Main Trunk Railway]] (NIMT) and the [[Wairarapa Line]], with both lines converging at [[Wellington Railway Station]] at the northern end of central Wellington. Two long-distance services leave from Wellington Railway Station: the [[Capital Connection]], which allows commuters to travel between Wellington and [[Palmerston North]], and [[The Overlander]], which connect Wellington to [[Auckland]]. Four [[railway electrification system|electrified]] [[suburban rail|suburban]] lines radiate out of Wellington Railway Station to the outer suburbs - the [[Johnsonville Line]] travels north to the northern Wellington City suburbs, ending at Johnsonville; the [[Paraparaumu Line]] travels along the NIMT to Porirua and to Paraparaumu on the Kapiti Coast; the [[Melling Line]] travels to the Lower Hutt City centre via Petone, and the [[Hutt Valley Line]] travels along the Wairarapa Line via Waterloo and Taita to Upper Hutt. A diesel-hauled carriage service, known as the [[Wairarapa Connection]], connects several times daily to Masterton in the Wairarapa, via the {{convert|8.8|km|adj=on}} long [[Rimutaka Tunnel]]. Wellington is the northern terminus of [[Cook Strait]] [[ferries]] connecting to [[Picton, New Zealand|Picton]] in the [[South Island]], with services provided by both state-owned [[Interislander]] and private [[Strait Shipping|Bluebridge]]. Local ferries connect Wellington City with Eastbourne and Petone. [[Wellington International Airport]] is the city's major airport, and lies {{convert|6|km}} south-east of the city. The airport is serviced by flights from across New Zealand, and several flights to [[Australia]] and the Pacific Islands. Flights to other international destinations require a transfer at another airport, as many larger aircraft cannot use Wellington's short ({{convert|1936|m|disp=/|adj=on}}) [[runway]]. ==Sport== [[Image:Westpac Trust stadium viewed from Wadestown.jpg|thumb|Westpac Stadium]] Wellington is the home to: * The [[Hurricanes (Super rugby franchise)|Hurricanes]] - [[Super 14]] rugby team representing the Lower North Island, primarily based in Wellington * [[Wellington Rugby Football Union|Wellington Lions]] - [[Air New Zealand Cup]] rugby team * [[Wellington Phoenix FC]] - [[Association football|football (soccer)]] club playing in the [[Australian]] [[A-League]], the only fully professional football club in New Zealand. * [[Team Wellington]] - Wellington's franchise in the semi-professional [[New Zealand Football Championship]] * [[Central Pulse]] - [[netball]] franchise representing the Lower North Island in the [[ANZ Championship]], primarily based in Wellington * [[Wellington Firebirds]] and Wellington Blaze - men's and women's [[cricket]] teams * [[Wellington Saints]] - [[Basketball]] team competing in New Zealand's [[National Basketball League (New Zealand)|National Basketball League]]. Sporting events hosted in Wellington include: * the [[Wellington Sevens]] - a round of the [[International Rugby Board|IRB]] [[IRB Sevens World Series|Sevens World Series]]. Held at the [[Westpac Stadium]] over a weekend every February, this [[rugby sevens]] tournament contributes $6.8 million to the local economy each year. * the World [[Fell running|Mountain Running]] Championships in 2005. * a [[Wellington 500]] [[Street racing|street race]] for [[touring car racing|touring cars]], between 1985 and 1996 ==Gallery== [[Image:Wellington 2.jpg|thumb|800px|centre|Wellington Harbour and [[The Lagoon, Wellington|the Lagoon]] panorama]] [[Image:Wellington City Night.jpg|thumb|800px|centre|Night panorama of the city centre taken from Mt. Victoria]] [[Image:WellingtonPano.jpg|thumb|800px|centre|Panorama from [[Victoria University of Wellington]], Kelburn]] [[Image:Wellington panorama.jpg|thumb|800px|centre|Panorama of the city centre taken from Mt. Victoria.]] [[Image:Wel-har-pan.jpg|thumb|800px|centre|Panorama of Mt. Victoria.]] ==Notable Wellingtonians== {{Main|:Category:People from Wellington}} [[Image:KMB.jpg|thumb|[[Katherine Mansfield Birthplace]] in [[Thorndon]]]] ''{{smaller|(Alphabetically by surname)}}'' * [[Ivan Bootham]] - novelist, [[short story]] writer, poet and composer * [[Frank Evison]] - Geophysicist * [[John Campbell (broadcaster)|John Campbell]] - broadcaster and news journalist * [[Jane Campion]] - [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] winning [[Film director|film-maker]] * [[Jemaine Clement]] - musician, member of [[Flight of the Conchords]] * [[Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon]] (dec) - barrister and jurist * [[Russell Coutts]] - professional sailor * [[Richard Curtis]] -movie ,and tv writer and director * [[Russell Crowe]] - [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning actor * [[Rod Drury]] - technology entrepreneur * [[Lauris Edmond]] (dec) - poet * [[Brooke Fraser]] - [[RIAA certification|multi-platinum]] selling singer * [[Patricia Grace]] - writer * [[Ben Hana]] (Blanket man) - Vagrant * [[Peter Jackson]] - [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning film-maker * [[Lloyd Jones (New Zealand author)|Lloyd Jones]] - award winning writer * [[Raybon Kan]] - comedian * [[Elizabeth Knox]] - celebrated author * [[Ben Lummis]] - singer, 2004 [[New Zealand Idol]] winner * [[Alan MacDiarmid]] (dec) - scientist * [[Katherine Mansfield]] (dec) - writer * [[Jack Marshall]] (dec) - former Prime Minister * [[Bret McKenzie]] - musician, member of [[Flight of the Conchords]] * [[Melissa Moon]] - two time world mountain running champion * [[Sam Morgan (entrepreneur)|Sam Morgan]] - founder of online auction site ''TradeMe'' * [[Anna Paquin]] - [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning actress * [[William Hayward Pickering]] (dec) - electrical engineer, former head of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California * [[Antonia Prebble]] - actress * [[John Psathas]] - composer * [[Christopher Pugsley]] - writer * [[Wynton Rufer]] - footballer * [[Jonathan Sarfati]] - [[chess master]] and author, raised in Wellington * [[Tom Scott (cartoonist)|Tom Scott]] - cartoonist, [[Pundit (politics)|political commentator]] * [[Richard Taylor (movies)|Richard Taylor]] - head of [[Theatrical property|film prop]] and [[special effect]]s company [[Weta Workshop]]. Multiple Oscar winner. * [[Jon Toogood]] - singer and guitarist for the [[rock music|rock]] band [[Shihad]] * [[Tana Umaga]] - former captain of the [[All Blacks]] * [[Karl Urban]] - actor * [[Rosita Vai]] - singer, 2005 [[New Zealand Idol]] winner * [[Peter Vincent]] - entrepreneur, founder/CEO of [[Vincent Aviation]], NZ's only 100% Kiwi owned international airline * [[Fran Walsh]] - [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning screenwriter ==See also== * [[Helengrad]] * [[Courtenay Place, Wellington|Courtenay Place]] * [[Civic Square, Wellington|Civic Square]] * [[Wellywood]] * [[Public transport in Wellington]] * [[The Bucket Fountain]] * [[Cuba Street, Wellington|Cuba Street]] * [[Lambton Quay]] * [[Te Aro]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{commons|Wellington}} * [http://www.gw.govt.nz Greater Wellington Regional Council] * [http://www.wellingtonnz.com Official NZ Tourism website for Wellington] * [http://www.wellington.govt.nz Wellington City Council] * [http://www.teara.govt.nz/Places/Wellington/ Wellington] in Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand * {{Wikitravel}} {{New Zealand topics}} {{coord|41|17|20|S|174|46|38|E|type:city(370000)_region:NZ-WGN|display=title}} {{Capital Connection train stops}}{{The Overlander train stops}} {{List of Oceanian capitals by region}} [[Category:Wellington]] [[Category:Wellington Region]] [[Category:Cities, towns and communities in New Zealand]] [[Category:Capitals in Oceania]] [[Category:Coastal settlements]] [[Category:Port cities in New Zealand]] [[Category:Settlements established in 1840]] [[af:Wellington, Nieu-Seeland]] [[am:ዌሊንግተን]] [[ar:ويلينغتون]] [[az:Vellinqton]] [[zh-min-nan:Wellington]] [[bs:Wellington, Novi Zeland]] [[br:Wellington (Zeland-Nevez)]] [[bg:Уелингтън]] [[ca:Wellington]] [[cv:Веллингтон]] [[cs:Wellington]] [[cy:Wellington]] [[da:Wellington]] [[de:Wellington]] [[et:Wellington]] [[el:Ουέλλινγκτον]] [[es:Wellington (Nueva Zelanda)]] [[eo:Velingtono]] [[eu:Wellington]] [[fa:ولینگتون]] [[fr:Wellington]] [[ga:Wellington]] [[gd:Wellington]] [[gl:Wellington]] [[gu:વેલિંગ્ટન]] [[ko:웰링턴]] [[hy:Վելինգտոն]] [[hi:वेलिंग्टन]] [[hr:Wellington]] [[io:Wellington]] [[bpy:ৱেলিংটন]] [[id:Wellington]] [[is:Wellington]] [[it:Wellington (Nuova Zelanda)]] [[he:ולינגטון (ניו זילנד)]] [[ka:ველინგტონი]] [[kw:Wellington]] [[sw:Wellington]] [[ht:Welintòn]] [[la:Vellingtonia]] [[lv:Velingtona]] [[lt:Velingtonas]] [[hu:Wellington]] [[mi:Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara]] [[mr:वेलिंग्टन]] [[ms:Wellington]] [[nl:Wellington (stad)]] [[new:वेलिंगटन]] [[ja:ウェリントン]] [[no:Wellington]] [[nn:Wellington]] [[oc:Wellington (Nòva Zelanda)]] [[pms:Wellington]] [[pl:Wellington]] [[pt:Wellington]] [[ro:Wellington]] [[ru:Веллингтон]] [[se:Wellington]] [[sm:Ueligitone]] [[sco:Wellington]] [[scn:Wellington (Nova Zilanna)]] [[simple:Wellington]] [[sk:Wellington]] [[sl:Wellington]] [[sr:Велингтон]] [[su:Wellington]] [[fi:Wellington]] [[sv:Wellington]] [[tl:Wellington]] [[ta:வெலிங்டன்]] [[vi:Wellington]] [[tr:Wellington]] [[uk:Веллінгтон]] [[vo:Wellington (Nula-Seleäns)]] [[war:Wellington]] [[yi:װעלינגטאן]] [[zh:惠灵顿]]'