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'{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}} {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = Gendarmerie General Command <br/>''Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı'' | image = Emblem of the Turkish Gendarmerie.png | image_size = 160px | alt = | caption = Emblem of the Gendarmerie General Command | dates = * 1839 <small>(Official claim)</small> * June 10, 1930 <small>(as Gendarmerie Organisation)</small> * 1956 <small>(as Gendarmerie General Command)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jandarma.gov.tr/|title=Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı|website=Jandarma.gov.tr|accessdate=27 November 2015}}</ref> | country = {{TUR}} | countries = | allegiance = | branch = | type = [[Gendarmerie]] | role = Paramilitary law enforcement, counter insurgency, armed response to civil unrest, counter terrorism, special weapons operations. | size = 276,320 sworn members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aktifhaber.com/tsk-mevcut-personel-sayisini-acikladi-911886h.htm|title=TSK Mevcut Personel Sayısını Açıkladı|date=2 January 2014|work=Aktif Haber|accessdate=27 November 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083942/http://www.aktifhaber.com/tsk-mevcut-personel-sayisini-acikladi-911886h.htm|archivedate=6 October 2014|df=}}</ref><br>1,475 Armored and utility vehicles<br>59 Helicopters | command_structure = [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of the Interior]] <small>(in peacetime)</small> <br/>[[Turkish Armed Forces]] <small>(in wartime)</small> | garrison = [[Ankara]] | garrison_label = Headquarters | nickname = | patron = | motto = | colors = [[Red]] & [[Blue]] {{color box|red}}{{color box|blue}} | colors_label = Colors | march = | mascot = | anniversaries = | equipment = | equipment_label = | battles = | decorations = | battle_honours = | battle_honours_label = | disbanded = | flying_hours = | website = {{nowrap|[http://www.jandarma.tsk.tr/ jandarma.tsk.tr/]}} <!-- Commanders --> |commander1= [[President of Turkey|President]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] |commander1_label = Commander-in-Chief |commander2= [[Minister (government)|Minister]] [[Süleyman Soylu]] |commander2_label=[[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Minister of the Interior]] |commander3 = [[General]] [[Hulusi Akar]] |commander3_label = [[General Staff of the Republic of Turkey|Chief of the General Staff]] |commander4= General [[Arif Çetin]] |commander4_label= [[List of General Commanders of the Turkish Gendarmerie|Commander]] |commander5= [[Lieutenant|Lt.]] General İbrahim Yaşar |commander5_label= Chief of Staff |notable_commanders= <!-- Insignia --> | identification_symbol = [[File:Flag of Turkish General Command of Gendarmerie.svg|border|100px]] | identification_symbol_label = Flag | identification_symbol_2 = | identification_symbol_2_label = | identification_symbol_3 = | identification_symbol_3_label = | identification_symbol_4 = | identification_symbol_4_label = <!-- Aircraft --> | aircraft_attack = | aircraft_bomber = | aircraft_electronic = | aircraft_fighter = | aircraft_helicopter = | aircraft_helicopter_attack = | aircraft_helicopter_cargo = | aircraft_helicopter_multirole = | aircraft_helicopter_observation = | aircraft_helicopter_transport = | aircraft_helicopter_trainer = | aircraft_helicopter_utility = | aircraft_interceptor = | aircraft_patrol = | aircraft_recon = | aircraft_trainer = | aircraft_transport = | aircraft_tanker = | aircraft_general = }} {{Turkish Armed Forces}} The '''Gendarmerie General Command''' ({{lang-tr|Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı}}) is a service branch of the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security and general border control along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. The Gendarmerie is essentially a governmental armed security and law enforcement force of military nature. It also operates the [[Askeri İnzibat]] provost service, policing the armed forces and two special forces brigades called [[Jandarma Özel Harekat Komutanlığı]] and [[Jandarma Özel Asayiş Komutanlığı]]. As a part of the Turkish Armed Forces, the General Command of the Gendarmerie is subordinate to the [[Turkish General Staff]] in matters relating to training and education in connection with the Armed Forces, and to the [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of the Interior]] in matters relating to the performance of the safety and public order duties. The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior. The Gendarmerie has its roots in the [[Ottoman Empire]] military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"), which carried out security and safety services. A similar, earlier force was called "Şurta" during the medieval [[Seljuq Empire]]. ==History== ===Ottoman era=== {{main article|Ottoman Gendarmerie}} After the [[Auspicious Incident|abolition]] of the [[Janissary]] corps of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1826, military organizations called ''Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre'', ''Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa'', and, in 1834, ''Asâkir-i Redîfe'' were established to deliver security and public order services in [[Anatolia]] and in some provinces of [[Rumelia]]. [[File:British Officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie Graphic June 25 1904.JPG|thumb|left|British Officers in the Ottoman Gendarmerie, 1904]] Since the term Gendarmerie was noticed only in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the [[Edict of Gülhane|declaration]] of [[Tanzimat]] in 1839, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, taking the June 14 of "June 14, 1869", on which ''Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi'' was adopted, June 14, 1839 was accepted as the foundation date of the Turkish Gendarmerie.<ref name="History">{{cite web | url=http://www.jandarma.tsk.tr/ing/tarihce/history.htm | title=THE SHORT HISTORY OF THE GENDARMERIE GENERAL COMMAND|website=Jandarma.tsk.tr| accessdate=July 25, 2013}}</ref> After [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War]], Ottoman prime minister [[Mehmed Said Pasha]] decided to bring some officers from Britain and France to establish a modern law enforcement organization. After the [[Young Turk Revolution]] in 1908, the Gendarmerie achieved great successes, particularly in Rumelia. In 1909, the Gendarmerie was affiliated with the Ministry of War, and its name was changed to the Gendarmerie General Command ({{lang-ota|Umûm Jandarma Kumandanlığı}}). Gendarmerie units both sustained their internal security duties and took part in the national defence at various fronts as a part of the Armed Forces during the [[World War I]] and the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. ===Republic of Turkey=== The Gendarmerie organization achieved its current legal status after Law No. 1706 entered into force on June 10, 1930. In 1939, the Gendarmerie organization was restructured, having three groups: Fixed Gendarmerie Units, Mobile Gendarmerie Units, and Gendarmerie Training Units and Schools. Law No. 6815, which entered into force in 1956, assigned the Gendarmerie General Command duties such as protecting borders, coasts and territorial waters, and fighting smuggling, which had been previously carried out by the ''Gümrük Umum Kumandanlığı'' that was a military organization at the level of division in affiliation to the Ministry of Customs and Monopoly. In 1957, Gendarmerie Border Units were transformed into brigades, and Gendarmerie Training Brigades were established. In 1961, Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established. In 1968, the first Gendarmerie Aviation Unit was established in [[Diyarbakır]] under the name of Light Helicopter Company Command. In 1974, Gendarmerie Commando Units and Gendarmerie Aviation Units took part in the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]]. Law No. 2692 which entered into force in 1982 assigned the duty of protecting the coasts and territorial waters to the Coast Guard Command. Law No. 2803 on the Organization, Duties and Responsibilities of the Gendarmerie entered into force in 1983. Law No. 3497 entering into force in 1988 assigned the duty of protecting the land borders and ensuring their security to the Land Forces Command, but Gendarmerie General Command still holds the responsibility for some parts of the Iranian and Syrian borders and the whole Iraqi border. Gendarmerie Criminal Department was founded in [[Ankara]] in 1993 and Gendarmerie Regional Criminal Laboratory Superiorities were founded respectively in 1994 in Van, in 1998 in [[Bursa]] and in 2005 in [[Aydın]]. Crime Scene Examination Teams, Explosive Material Disposal Units, Fingerprints and Palm Prints Branches and Crime Scene Examination Units were also established. Since 1984, Gendarmerie units have been the most important element of [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict|the conflict against Kurdish separatists]]. In 2017, around 310 civilians, including 90 children and women, have been killed by the Turkish gendarmerie at the Syrian-Turkish border since the beginning of the Syrian civil war.<ref>http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=73547</ref> ==Structure== The Turkish Gendarmerie comprises the following commands:<ref name=globalsecurity>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/turkey/jandarma.htm|website=GlobalSecurity.org|first=John|last=Pike|title=Jandarma|accessdate=2015-12-01}}</ref> * Personnel * Intelligence **[[JİTEM]] * Operations * Logistics The General Command is composed of:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jandarma.tsk.tr/ing/organization.htm |accessdate=2008-11-22 |title=Organizational Structure |work=General Command of Gendarmerie }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/tu-gendarmerie.htm|title=Turkey - Gendarmerie General Command Jandarma Genel Komutanlýðý|author=John Pike|website=Globalsecurity.org|accessdate=27 November 2015}}</ref> *The headquarters *Internal security units **[[Village guard system|Village guards]] *Border units *Training units *Gendarmerie schools *Administrative and logistics support units *Special Forces **[[Jandarma Özel Harekat]] **[[Jandarma Özel Asayiş Komutanlığı]] <gallery> File:Topkapı sarayında nöbetçi Jandarma Eri.jpg|Gendarmerie officer with an MP5 at Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. File:Turkish Jandarma 01.JPG|Gendarmerie's [[Ford Transit Connect]]. File:Turkish Jandarma 02.JPG|Gendarmerie's [[Ford Transit]] and a trooper. File:Renault Megane Jandarma squad car.JPG|Traffic gendarmerie's [[Renault Megane]]. </gallery> ==Equipment== ===Handguns=== * [[Yavuz 16]]<ref name=silahlar>{{cite web|title=Jandarma Komutanligi|url=http://www.jandarma.tsk.tr/silahlar/silahlaric.htm|publisher=Turkish Gendarmerie|accessdate=2013-10-22}}</ref> ===Shotguns=== * [[SPAS-12]]<ref name=silahlar/> ===Submachine guns=== * [[MP5]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[FN P90|P90]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/hayata_donus_ilk_kez_gun_isigina_cikti-943931|title='Hayata Dönüş' ilk kez gün ışığına çıktı|date=7 July 2009|website=Radikal.com.tr|accessdate=27 November 2015}}</ref> ===Assault and battle rifles=== * [[AKM]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[G3A7|G3]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Heckler & Koch G41|G41]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Heckler & Koch HK33|HK33A4]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[M16 rifle|M16A1]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[MKEK MPT-76]] ===Machine guns=== * [[Heckler & Koch HK21|HK23E]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[M2 Browning|M2]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Rheinmetall MG3|MG3]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[PK machine gun|PKM]]<ref name=silahlar/> ===Sniper rifles=== * [[Accuracy International PM|Arctic Warfare]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Dragunov SVD|SVD]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[McMillan Tac-50|Tac-50]]<ref name=silahlar/> ===Rocket and grenade launchers=== * [[HK 69]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Milkor MGL]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Mk 19 grenade launcher|Mk 19]]<ref>[http://www.anahaberyorum.com/gundem/bu-silah-katoyu-pkkya-dar-etti-h8892.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912091640/http://www.anahaberyorum.com/gundem/bu-silah-katoyu-pkkya-dar-etti-h8892.html |date=September 12, 2012 }}</ref> * [[RPG 7]]<ref name=silahlar/> ===Mortars=== * [[M19 mortar|M19]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[M29 mortar|M29]]<ref name=silahlar/> * [[Mortier 120mm Rayé Tracté Modèle F1]]<ref name=silahlar/> ===Vehicles=== {| class="wikitable" |- !style="width:7%;"|Model!!Image!!style="width:9%;"|Origin!!Type!!style="width:7%;"|Variant!!Number!!Details |- ! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Armored personnel carriers]]''' |-valign="top" | [[Sisu Nasu]] || [[File:Tracked_transport_vehicle_Sisu_NA_110.JPG|170px]] || {{FIN}} || Tracked All-Terrain Vehicle || NA-140 BT || 47 || |-valign="top" | [[BMC Kirpi|Kirpi]] || [[File:2012_Eurosatory_BMC_trucks.JPG|170px]] || {{TUR}} || MRAP || Kirpi 4x4 || 200 || Based on the Israeli [[Hatehof Navigator]].<ref>http://www.armyrecognition.com/turkey_turkish_army_wheeled_armoured_vehicles_uk/kirpi_bmc_350_mrap_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_data_sheet_specifications_description_pictures.html</ref> |-valign="top" | [[Otokar Cobra|Cobra]] || [[File:Paradbaku98.jpg|170px]] || {{TUR}} || MRAP || Cobra I || 200 || Its suspension / wheel base is based on the American [[HMMWV]] which led some to mistakenly claim that Turkey actually uses the HMMWV as one of its utility vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2012/11/14/otokar-cobra-is-true-all-terrain-fighting-machine/|title=Otokar Cobra is a true all-terrain fighting machine|work=Fox News|accessdate=20 September 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115837/http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2012/11/14/otokar-cobra-is-true-all-terrain-fighting-machine/|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=}}</ref> |-valign="top" | [[Cadillac Gage Commando]] || [[File:Cadillac Gage V-150 do Exército português.jpg|170px]] || {{USA}} || Armored Personnel Carrier || V-150S || 124 || Lacking a dedicated vehicle for its reconnaissance battalions, Turkey ordered 124 LAV-150 vehicles in 1992 from the Cadillac Corporation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tanknutdave.com/the-us-4x4-lav-100-a-lav-150-apc-family/|title=LAV-150|work=The actual source is by Army Guide _http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product3942.html_ but its been black listed for an unknown reason|accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref> |-valign="top" | [[Otokar ZPT]] || [[File:Mosul,_Iraq.jpg|170px]] || {{TUR}} || Armored Car || || 250 || After the cancellation of Akrep, Otokar started to produce cheaper alternative for the law enforcement agencies and the army. ZPT is based on [[Shorland S-55]]. |-valign="top" | [[BTR-60]] || [[File:BTR-60PB NVA.JPG|170px]] || {{RUS}} || Armored Personnel Carrier || BTR-60PB || 323<ref name=globalsecurity/> || Bought from ex-[[GDR]] stockpile after [[German unification]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}} All modernized. |-valign="top" | [[Condor (APC)|Condor]] || [[File:Malaysian_Condor.jpg|170px]] || {{GER}} || Armored Personnel Carrier || Condor 1 || 25<ref name=globalsecurity/> || |-valign="top" | [[Dragoon AFV|Dragoon]] || [[File:Tanqueta_militar.JPG|170px]] || {{USA}} || Armored Personnel Carrier || Dragoon 300 || 60 || |- ! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Helicopters]]''' |-valign="top" | [[UH-60 Black Hawk]] || [[File:Sikorsky S-70A-24A Black Hawk, Mexico - Air Force AN2158152.jpg|170px]] || {{USA}}/{{TUR}} || Utility helicopter || S-70A || 27 || Avionics upgraded by [[Aselsan]].T-70 variant in use. 30 more on order |-valign="top" | [[UH-1 Huey]] || [[File:Agusta-Bell AB-205 MM80547 Esercito.jpg|170px]] || {{USA}}/{{TUR}} || Utility helicopter || AB-205 || 13 || Avionics upgraded by [[Aselsan]]. |-valign="top" | [[Mil Mi-17]] || [[File:PLA Mil Mi-17-1 at Chelyabinsk Shagol Air Base.jpg|170px]] || {{RUS}}/{{TUR}} || Utility helicopter || Mi-17 IVA || 18 || Avionics upgraded by [[Aselsan]]. |-valign="top" |[[TAI/AgustaWestland T-129|T-129 ATAK]]<ref name="tai">{{cite web|url=https://www.tai.com.tr/en/project/atak|title=T129 ATTACK HELICOPTER - Turkish Aerospace Industries, Inc.|publisher=tai.com.tr|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="blogspot">{{cite web|url=http://rewreward.blogspot.com/2012/01/turkiye-atakna-kavusuyor.html|title=Savunma ve Stratejik Analizler: Türkiye &#8220;ATAK&#8221;ına kavuşuyor|publisher=rewreward.blogspot.com|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="flightglobal1">{{cite web|title=World Air Forces 2016|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/6297/waf/|website=Flight Global|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>||[[File:BG12-1001 (14662033896).jpg|150px]]|| {{TUR}}<br>{{ITA}} || [[Attack helicopter]] || || 3 || 15 more on order. Produced by [[Turkish Aerospace Industries|TAI]]. |} ==Insignia== {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;" {{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Blank}} {{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Turkey}} |} {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;" {{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}} {{Ranks and insignia of NATO armies/OR/Turkey}} |} * OF3, OF2, & OR2 translate to "Head of 1000", "Head of 100", and "Head of 10" respectively. ==See also== *[[List of General Commanders of the Gendarmerie of Turkey]] *[[Constabulary]] *[[Gendarmerie]] *[[Military equipment of Turkey]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Gendarmerie of Turkey}} * [http://www.jandarma.tsk.tr/ing/start.htm General Command of Gendarmerie] * [http://www.jandarma.gov.tr/ Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı] {{tr}} {{Law enforcement in Turkey}} {{NATO Land Forces}} {{NATO Air Forces}} {{EUROGENDFOR}} [[Category:National law enforcement agencies of Turkey|*]] [[Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of Turkey|*]] [[Category:Gendarmerie (Turkey)|*]] [[Category:Honour guards]]'