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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{short description|Brand of tea}}
{{For|people named Lipton|Lipton (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox Brand
|name=Lipton
|logo= [[File:LIPTON PRIMARY RGB BMT.png|150px]]
|logo_caption = Logo used since 2014
|image=<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Lipton logo 2002.jpg]] -->
|type= [[Tea]]
|currentowner= {{ubl|[[Unilever]]|[[PepsiCo]]}}
|introduced= {{Start date and age|1890}}
|discontinued=
|related=
|country= United Kingdom
|markets= Worldwide
|previousowners =
|trademarkregistrations =
|website= [https://www.lipton.com/us/en/home.html/ www.lipton.com]
}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Lipton logo 2002.jpg|thumb|125px|Old logo of Lipton: 2002-2014]] -->
'''Lipton''' is a British [[brand]] of [[tea]], owned by [[Unilever]]. Lipton was also a [[supermarket chain]] in the [[United Kingdom]] before it was sold to [[Argyll Foods]], to allow the company to focus solely on tea. The company is named after its founder [[Thomas Lipton]]. The Lipton ready-to-drink beverages are sold by Pepsi Lipton International, a company jointly owned by Unilever and [[PepsiCo]].
==History==
{{For|the personal history of Thomas Lipton|Thomas Lipton}}
===Supermarkets===
[[File:Thomas Johnstone Lipton.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px|Thomas Lipton]]
[[File:Allied.GIF|thumb|right|The old Liptons, [[Galbraith supermarkets|Galbraith]], [[R & J Templeton|Templeton]] and [[Presto (UK supermarket)|Presto]] logos]]
In 1871 [[Thomas Lipton]] (1848–1931) of [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] used his small savings to open his own shop, and by the 1880s the business had grown to more than 200 shops.<ref name="fundinguniverse1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Thomas-J-Lipton-Company-Company-History.html |title=History of Thomas J. Lipton Company |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1929, the Lipton grocery retail business was one of the companies that merged with Home and Colonial Stores, Maypole Dairy Company, Vyes & Boroughs, Templetons, Galbraiths & Pearks to form a food group with more than 3,000 stores. The group traded in the [[high street]] under various names, but was registered on the UK stock market as Allied Suppliers.<ref>Allied Stores was originally formed in 1929 to act as the group's purchasing arm.</ref> Lipton's became a supermarket chain focused on small towns, before Allied's acquisition by [[Argyll Foods]] in 1982. The supermarket business was rebranded as [[Presto (UK supermarket)|Presto]] during the 1980s.
===Tea===
<!-- Not then a Knight Commander (1901) or baronet (1902). -->[[Thomas Lipton]] began travelling the world for new items to stock in this store. One such item was tea, since sales had doubled from £40 million in the late 1870s to £80 million by the mid-1880s. He believed the price was far too high, so in 1890 he purchased his own tea gardens in Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, where he packaged and sold the first Lipton tea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history |title=From the tea garden to the tea pot: Sir Thomas Lipton's Vision |publisher=Lipton Tea |access-date=29 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029183508/http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history |archivedate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Staying true to this vision, he arranged packaging and shipping at low costs and sold his tea in packets by the pound (454g), half pound (227g), and quarter pound (113g), with the advertising slogan: "Direct from the tea gardens to the teapot." Lipton teas were an immediate success in the United States.<ref name="fundinguniverse1"/>
The Lipton tea business was acquired by consumer goods company Unilever in a number of separate transactions, starting with the purchase of the United States and Canadian Lipton business in 1938 and completed in 1972 when Unilever bought the remainder of the global Lipton business from [[Home and Colonial Stores|Allied Suppliers]].
In 1991, Unilever created a first [[joint venture]] with PepsiCo, the Pepsi Lipton Partnership, for the marketing of [[ready to drink]] (bottled and canned) teas in North America. This was followed in 2003 by a second joint venture, Pepsi-Lipton International (PLI), covering many non-United States markets. PLI was expanded in September 2007 to include a number of large European markets. PepsiCo and Unilever each control 50 per cent of the shares of these joint ventures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.just-drinks.com/article.aspx?id=91542 |title=PepsiCo and Unilever extend partnership |publisher=Just-drinks.com |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
Due to the [[2008 Chinese milk scandal]], food giant [[Unilever]] started recalling its Lipton milk tea powder in Hong Kong and Macau on 30 September 2008. The tea powder, which used Chinese milk powder as its raw ingredient, was recalled after the company's internal checks found traces of [[melamine]] in the powder.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk |title=Lipton-brand milk tea powder recalled in Asia |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=30 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003212837/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk |archivedate=3 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2008-09-30-liptontea-hongkong_N.htm?csp=34 |title=Lipton milk tea powder recalled in Hong Kong |agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today |access-date=30 September 2008 |date=30 September 2008}}</ref>
In 2011 [[PETA]] criticized Unilever for conducting and funding experiments on rabbits, pigs and other animals in an attempt to make human health claims about the tea’s ingredients. According to the animal rights organization, Unilever decided to end the practice of Lipton products after receiving more than 40,000 appeals from PETA supporters and days before PETA made plans to launch its "Lipton CruelTEA" campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zelman |first1=Joanna |title=Unilever Ends Animal Testing On Lipton Tea Products After PETA Threatens Major Campaign |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/unilever-ends-animal-test_n_818225.html |access-date=10 February 2015 |work=Huffington Post |date=2 February 2011}}</ref> Unilever no longer tests their products on animals unless required to by governments as part of their regulatory requirements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/what-matters-to-you/developing-alternative-approaches-to-animal-testing.html |title=Developing alternative approaches to animal testing |publisher=Unilever |access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref>
===Soup mixes===
Lipton produces instant [[Instant soup|soup mixes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup |title=Search results for 'soup' |publisher=Lipton Tea |access-date=29 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029182643/http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup |archivedate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1950s in the United States, Lipton ran an advertisement campaign promoting [[French onion dip]] prepared at home using Lipton's French onion soup mix, thus helping to popularize [[chips and dip]].<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&pg=PA145 |title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |page=145 |via=Google Books |isbn=978-0-19-530796-2 |last=Smith |first=Andrew F. |date=May 2007}}</ref> After this time, many new commercially produced varieties of dips (numbering in the hundreds) were created and produced in the U.S.<ref name="Oxford"/>
==Present day==
[[File:Lipton Earl Grey tin.jpg|thumb|right|A tin of loose Earl Grey tea]]
Lipton teas are a [[Tea blending and additives|blend]] selected from many different plantations around the world, from well-known producing countries such as [[Tea production in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[India]], [[Kenya]], and [[China]]. Lipton Yellow Label is blended from as many as 20 different teas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp |title=Lipton Tea can do that: Producing the Finest |publisher=Unilever |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111104522/http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp |archivedate=11 January 2009 }}</ref>
Apart from black leaves tea (with the long-standing Lipton Yellow Label brand), the company also markets a large range of other varieties, both in leaf tea as well as ready-to-drink format.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C10FA3E550C708DDDA00894DE404482 | work=The New York Times | title=Brewing for the True Believer; Tea's Got a Brand New Bag | first=Florence | last=Fabricant | date=13 September 2006 | accessdate=7 May 2010}}</ref> These include green teas, black flavoured teas, [[herbal tea]]s, Lipton Linea (a "slimming tea") in Europe and Lipton Milk Tea in various Asian markets. Apart from Lipton Ice Tea, none of their products are available for retail in the UK, as only caterers are supplied, because Unilever sells PG-Tips in the UK.
In a number of markets, including Japan, Russia and Australia, the company is advertising the benefits of [[theanine]], which has [[psychoactive]] properties.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIPTON Tea & Your Health |url=http://www.liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx |publisher=Unilever |accessdate=26 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924230548/http://liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx |archivedate=24 September 2010 }}</ref>
Lipton still owns plantations in East Africa ([[Kericho]], Kenya and [[Mufindi]], Tanzania). In May 2007, Unilever became the first company to commit to sourcing all its tea in a sustainable manner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html|title=Unilever to sell environmentally sustainable tea|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|agency=Reuters|accessdate=29 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731212847/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html|archivedate=31 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Working with the [[Rainforest Alliance]], an international environmental [[NGO]], Lipton and its parent company, Unilever, announced all Lipton Yellow Label [[tea bag]]s sold in Western Europe would be certified by 2010 and all Lipton tea bags sold globally by 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unilever.com/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/2007/sustainable-tea-sourcing.asp |title=About us |publisher=Unilever |accessdate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617183750/http://www.unilever.com/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/2007/sustainable-tea-sourcing.asp |archivedate=17 June 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Lipton's own tea estates were among the first to be certified.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/business/analysis_and_features/article3223697.ece |title=Time to brew up a sustainable cuppa |work=The Independent |accessdate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107082327/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/analysis_and_features/article3223697.ece |archivedate= 7 January 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>[http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=consumerProducts&storyID=2007-05-25T170334Z_01_N25420184_RTRIDST_0_SP_PAGE_016-N25420184-OISCP.XML Reuters] {{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref> Product bearing the Rainforest Alliance seal appeared on Western European markets in 2008 and started appearing in North America in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/life/story.html?id=1427753|title=Sense & Sustainability: Banking on greener tea|work=National Post|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/behindTheScenes/idUKTRE5457WX20090506|title=Rainforest certified Lipton tea reaches U.S.|publisher=Reuters|location=UK|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref>
On 6 May 2009, Lipton received a Corporate Green Globe Award for its work with the Rainforest Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/past-gala-honorees|title=Past Gala Honorees|publisher=Rainforest Alliance|accessdate=25 October 2017}}</ref>
==Brands==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:LiptonRAKericho.jpg|thumb|Right|Lipton Rainforest Alliance certified product|200px]] -->
Lipton's main pillar brands are Lipton Yellow Label and Lipton Iced Tea. Other product lines exist as well, like the Lipton pyramid ([[tetrahedron]]) range in Europe and North America, and Lipton Milk Tea in East Asia. In 2008, the brand launched Lipton Linea in Western Europe.
===Lipton Yellow Label===
Lipton Yellow Label has been sold since 1890, when Sir [[Thomas Lipton]] created the first version of the Yellow pack with a red Lipton shield, which to this day typifies the Lipton Yellow Label brand. It is sold in 150 countries worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68|title=Lipton Tea|publisher=Lipton Tea|accessdate=29 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021708/http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68|archivedate=20 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lipton Yellow Label is a [[Tea blending and additives|blend]] of several types of tea.
Lipton Yellow Label blend is available both in tea bags, the preferred format in Western Europe, North America and Australia, as well as loose packaged tea, the preferred format in much of the Middle East and throughout Asia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} Lipton Yellow Label loose packed tea is rolled into small balls like [[Gunpowder tea|gunpowder green tea]].
===Lipton Iced Tea===
'''Lipton Iced Tea''', in many markets known as '''Lipton Ice Tea''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Lipton Ice Tea website|url=http://www.liptonicetea.com/}}</ref> is an [[iced tea]] brand sold by Lipton. It comes in four flavours.
===Lipton Brisk===
[[Brisk (beverage)|Brisk]], formerly Lipton Brisk, is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America as a [[joint venture]] between Lipton and PepsiCo. It differs from Lipton's other iced tea brands in that [[phosphoric acid]] is added to the blend, giving the beverage a distinctive tart flavor.
===Lipton Pyramid Tea===
Lipton also produces tea using the [[tetrahedral]] bag format as seen in other tea brands.
Lipton Clear was also launched in five variants – [[Earl Grey tea|Earl Grey Tea]], [[English breakfast tea|English Breakfast Tea]], Peach Mango Tea, [[Green tea|Green Tea]] Mandarin Orange, [[Mentha|Mint]] and [[Chamomile|Camomile]] Tea.
===Pure Leaf===
Pure Leaf is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America by the PepsiCo-Lipton joint venture. As opposed to Lipton Iced Tea and Brisk, both of which use a freeze-dried instant tea powder for a base, Pure Leaf is brewed in liquid.
==Lipton worldwide==
Available in over 110 countries, Lipton is particularly popular in [[Europe]], [[North America]], [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]], parts of [[Asia]] and [[Australasia]] ([[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]) as well as [[Latin America]], and the [[Caribbean]]. Despite its British origins, Lipton black tea (such as Yellow Label) is not marketed in the UK and is not found in mainstream British stores, because Unilever sells [[PG Tips]] in the UK. However, Lipton Ice Tea and fruit teas are available in the UK.
==Marketing and advertising==
In 1914, Lipton's tea were one of the sponsors for the first flight from Melbourne to Sydney by French aviator [[Maurice Guillaux]]. This was, at the time, the longest air mail and air freight flight in the world. Guillaux wrote, "I found it the most delicious tea I have ever tasted....I found it very soothing to the nerves." Lipton printed 250,000 copies of the letter, and these could be had by sending to Lipton a one-penny stamp. For a threepenny stamp, Lipton would send out a quarter-pound pack of tea.<ref>''Sydney Morning Herald'', Saturday 25 July 1914.</ref>
In an attempt to change the negative perception of Lipton Ice Tea in the United Kingdom – as 60% claimed they do not like the taste before even trying it – Lipton underwent a [[London]]-based summer experiential marketing campaign in 2010 under the slogan "Don't knock it 'til you’ve tried it!".<ref name="Lipton launch campaign">{{cite web |url=http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773 |title=Lipton launch lipton are haram 'Don't Knock it Until You've Tried It' Campaign |publisher=Promotional Marketing |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622195558/http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773 |archivedate=22 June 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Roaming demonstrators handed out 498,968 samples over the 58-day run. After the campaign, 87% of consumers claimed to enjoy Lipton Ice Tea, while 73% said they were more likely to purchase in the future.<ref name="Lipton Experiential Campaign">{{cite web |url=http://www.idagency.com/work/product-sampling/lipton-ice-tea/#content |title= Lipton Experiential Marketing Results|publisher=iD Experiential}}</ref> Lipton also made commercials starring [[The Muppets]] for the 2014 [[Disney]] film ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]''.{{clarify|date=July 2018}}
==Product quality controversy==
In November 2011, the [[General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine]] of [[China]] found high levels of pesticides such as [[bifenthrin]] in one variety of Lipton tea. Unilever responded by clearing the shelves of all affected products.<ref name=Greenpeace>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424,0,731198.story |title=Greenpeace says finds tainted Lipton tea bags in China |first=Ben |last=Blanchard |work=Chicago Tribune |date=24 April 2012 |accessdate=30 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426125723/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424%2C0%2C731198.story |archivedate=26 April 2012 }}</ref> In April 2012, the non-governmental organization [[Greenpeace]] raised questions about Lipton products once again, after two varieties of Lipton tea the group purchased in Beijing supermarkets failed safety tests, with the results allegedly failing to meet regulations as those enforced in the [[European Union]].<ref name="greenpeace1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/news/blog/lipton-tea-laced-with-toxic-pesticide-residue/blog/40093/|title=Lipton tea laced with toxic pesticide residue|publisher=Greenpeace|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref> Additionally, the group stated, "Some of the detected pesticides are also banned for use in tea production by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture." <ref name="greenpeace1"/> Unilever China denied the findings, stating all Lipton products within the country were safe.<ref name=Greenpeace />
==See also==
* [[Lipton Institute of Tea]]
* [[2008 Chinese milk scandal]]
* [[Cup-a-Soup]]
* [[Tea]]
* [[Brooke Bond]]
* [[PG Tips]]
* [[Tata Tea]]
* [[Tetley]]
* [[Tetley Tea Folk]]
* [[Typhoo tea]]
* [[Twinings]]
* [[Yorkshire Tea]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{commons category|Lipton (tea)}}
{{Unilever}}
{{PepsiCo}}
{{Defunct UK grocers}}
[[Category:1871 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1871]]
[[Category:Retail companies disestablished in 1929]]
[[Category:1929 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companies based in Glasgow]]
[[Category:History of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Defunct companies of Scotland]]
[[Category:Retail companies of Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Food manufacturers of Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct supermarkets of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1890]]
[[Category:Scottish brands]]
[[Category:Iced tea brands]]
[[Category:Tea companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:PepsiCo brands]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1890]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Tea brands in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tea brands]]
[[Category:Tea brands in United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unilever brands]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{
==History==
{{For|the personal history of Thomas Lipton|Thomas Lipton}}
===Supermarkets===
[[File:Thomas Johnstone Lipton.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px|Thomas Lipton]]
[[File:Allied.GIF|thumb|right|The old Liptons, [[Galbraith supermarkets|Galbraith]], [[R & J Templeton|Templeton]] and [[Presto (UK supermarket)|Presto]] logos]]
In 1871 [[Thomas Lipton]] (1848–1931) of [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] used his small savings to open his own shop, and by the 1880s the business had grown to more than 200 shops.<ref name="fundinguniverse1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Thomas-J-Lipton-Company-Company-History.html |title=History of Thomas J. Lipton Company |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1929, the Lipton grocery retail business was one of the companies that merged with Home and Colonial Stores, Maypole Dairy Company, Vyes & Boroughs, Templetons, Galbraiths & Pearks to form a food group with more than 3,000 stores. The group traded in the [[high street]] under various names, but was registered on the UK stock market as Allied Suppliers.<ref>Allied Stores was originally formed in 1929 to act as the group's purchasing arm.</ref> Lipton's became a supermarket chain focused on small towns, before Allied's acquisition by [[Argyll Foods]] in 1982. The supermarket business was rebranded as [[Presto (UK supermarket)|Presto]] during the 1980s.
===Tea===
<!-- Not then a Knight Commander (1901) or baronet (1902). -->[[Thomas Lipton]] began travelling the world for new items to stock in this store. One such item was tea, since sales had doubled from £40 million in the late 1870s to £80 million by the mid-1880s. He believed the price was far too high, so in 1890 he purchased his own tea gardens in Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, where he packaged and sold the first Lipton tea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history |title=From the tea garden to the tea pot: Sir Thomas Lipton's Vision |publisher=Lipton Tea |access-date=29 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029183508/http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history |archivedate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Staying true to this vision, he arranged packaging and shipping at low costs and sold his tea in packets by the pound (454g), half pound (227g), and quarter pound (113g), with the advertising slogan: "Direct from the tea gardens to the teapot." Lipton teas were an immediate success in the United States.<ref name="fundinguniverse1"/>
The Lipton tea business was acquired by consumer goods company Unilever in a number of separate transactions, starting with the purchase of the United States and Canadian Lipton business in 1938 and completed in 1972 when Unilever bought the remainder of the global Lipton business from [[Home and Colonial Stores|Allied Suppliers]].
In 1991, Unilever created a first [[joint venture]] with PepsiCo, the Pepsi Lipton Partnership, for the marketing of [[ready to drink]] (bottled and canned) teas in North America. This was followed in 2003 by a second joint venture, Pepsi-Lipton International (PLI), covering many non-United States markets. PLI was expanded in September 2007 to include a number of large European markets. PepsiCo and Unilever each control 50 per cent of the shares of these joint ventures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.just-drinks.com/article.aspx?id=91542 |title=PepsiCo and Unilever extend partnership |publisher=Just-drinks.com |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
Due to the [[2008 Chinese milk scandal]], food giant [[Unilever]] started recalling its Lipton milk tea powder in Hong Kong and Macau on 30 September 2008. The tea powder, which used Chinese milk powder as its raw ingredient, was recalled after the company's internal checks found traces of [[melamine]] in the powder.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk |title=Lipton-brand milk tea powder recalled in Asia |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=30 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003212837/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk |archivedate=3 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2008-09-30-liptontea-hongkong_N.htm?csp=34 |title=Lipton milk tea powder recalled in Hong Kong |agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today |access-date=30 September 2008 |date=30 September 2008}}</ref>
In 2011 [[PETA]] criticized Unilever for conducting and funding experiments on rabbits, pigs and other animals in an attempt to make human health claims about the tea’s ingredients. According to the animal rights organization, Unilever decided to end the practice of Lipton products after receiving more than 40,000 appeals from PETA supporters and days before PETA made plans to launch its "Lipton CruelTEA" campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zelman |first1=Joanna |title=Unilever Ends Animal Testing On Lipton Tea Products After PETA Threatens Major Campaign |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/unilever-ends-animal-test_n_818225.html |access-date=10 February 2015 |work=Huffington Post |date=2 February 2011}}</ref> Unilever no longer tests their products on animals unless required to by governments as part of their regulatory requirements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/what-matters-to-you/developing-alternative-approaches-to-animal-testing.html |title=Developing alternative approaches to animal testing |publisher=Unilever |access-date=8 June 2016}}</ref>
===Soup mixes===
Lipton produces instant [[Instant soup|soup mixes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup |title=Search results for 'soup' |publisher=Lipton Tea |access-date=29 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029182643/http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup |archivedate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1950s in the United States, Lipton ran an advertisement campaign promoting [[French onion dip]] prepared at home using Lipton's French onion soup mix, thus helping to popularize [[chips and dip]].<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&pg=PA145 |title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |page=145 |via=Google Books |isbn=978-0-19-530796-2 |last=Smith |first=Andrew F. |date=May 2007}}</ref> After this time, many new commercially produced varieties of dips (numbering in the hundreds) were created and produced in the U.S.<ref name="Oxford"/>
==Present day==
[[File:Lipton Earl Grey tin.jpg|thumb|right|A tin of loose Earl Grey tea]]
Lipton teas are a [[Tea blending and additives|blend]] selected from many different plantations around the world, from well-known producing countries such as [[Tea production in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[India]], [[Kenya]], and [[China]]. Lipton Yellow Label is blended from as many as 20 different teas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp |title=Lipton Tea can do that: Producing the Finest |publisher=Unilever |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111104522/http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp |archivedate=11 January 2009 }}</ref>
Apart from black leaves tea (with the long-standing Lipton Yellow Label brand), the company also markets a large range of other varieties, both in leaf tea as well as ready-to-drink format.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C10FA3E550C708DDDA00894DE404482 | work=The New York Times | title=Brewing for the True Believer; Tea's Got a Brand New Bag | first=Florence | last=Fabricant | date=13 September 2006 | accessdate=7 May 2010}}</ref> These include green teas, black flavoured teas, [[herbal tea]]s, Lipton Linea (a "slimming tea") in Europe and Lipton Milk Tea in various Asian markets. Apart from Lipton Ice Tea, none of their products are available for retail in the UK, as only caterers are supplied, because Unilever sells PG-Tips in the UK.
In a number of markets, including Japan, Russia and Australia, the company is advertising the benefits of [[theanine]], which has [[psychoactive]] properties.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIPTON Tea & Your Health |url=http://www.liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx |publisher=Unilever |accessdate=26 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924230548/http://liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx |archivedate=24 September 2010 }}</ref>
Lipton still owns plantations in East Africa ([[Kericho]], Kenya and [[Mufindi]], Tanzania). In May 2007, Unilever became the first company to commit to sourcing all its tea in a sustainable manner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html|title=Unilever to sell environmentally sustainable tea|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|agency=Reuters|accessdate=29 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731212847/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html|archivedate=31 July 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Working with the [[Rainforest Alliance]], an international environmental [[NGO]], Lipton and its parent company, Unilever, announced all Lipton Yellow Label [[tea bag]]s sold in Western Europe would be certified by 2010 and all Lipton tea bags sold globally by 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unilever.com/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/2007/sustainable-tea-sourcing.asp |title=About us |publisher=Unilever |accessdate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617183750/http://www.unilever.com/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/2007/sustainable-tea-sourcing.asp |archivedate=17 June 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Lipton's own tea estates were among the first to be certified.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/business/analysis_and_features/article3223697.ece |title=Time to brew up a sustainable cuppa |work=The Independent |accessdate=29 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107082327/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/analysis_and_features/article3223697.ece |archivedate= 7 January 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>[http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=consumerProducts&storyID=2007-05-25T170334Z_01_N25420184_RTRIDST_0_SP_PAGE_016-N25420184-OISCP.XML Reuters] {{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref> Product bearing the Rainforest Alliance seal appeared on Western European markets in 2008 and started appearing in North America in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/life/story.html?id=1427753|title=Sense & Sustainability: Banking on greener tea|work=National Post|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/behindTheScenes/idUKTRE5457WX20090506|title=Rainforest certified Lipton tea reaches U.S.|publisher=Reuters|location=UK|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref>
On 6 May 2009, Lipton received a Corporate Green Globe Award for its work with the Rainforest Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/past-gala-honorees|title=Past Gala Honorees|publisher=Rainforest Alliance|accessdate=25 October 2017}}</ref>
==Brands==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:LiptonRAKericho.jpg|thumb|Right|Lipton Rainforest Alliance certified product|200px]] -->
Lipton's main pillar brands are Lipton Yellow Label and Lipton Iced Tea. Other product lines exist as well, like the Lipton pyramid ([[tetrahedron]]) range in Europe and North America, and Lipton Milk Tea in East Asia. In 2008, the brand launched Lipton Linea in Western Europe.
===Lipton Yellow Label===
Lipton Yellow Label has been sold since 1890, when Sir [[Thomas Lipton]] created the first version of the Yellow pack with a red Lipton shield, which to this day typifies the Lipton Yellow Label brand. It is sold in 150 countries worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68|title=Lipton Tea|publisher=Lipton Tea|accessdate=29 October 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021708/http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68|archivedate=20 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lipton Yellow Label is a [[Tea blending and additives|blend]] of several types of tea.
Lipton Yellow Label blend is available both in tea bags, the preferred format in Western Europe, North America and Australia, as well as loose packaged tea, the preferred format in much of the Middle East and throughout Asia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} Lipton Yellow Label loose packed tea is rolled into small balls like [[Gunpowder tea|gunpowder green tea]].
===Lipton Iced Tea===
'''Lipton Iced Tea''', in many markets known as '''Lipton Ice Tea''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Lipton Ice Tea website|url=http://www.liptonicetea.com/}}</ref> is an [[iced tea]] brand sold by Lipton. It comes in four flavours.
===Lipton Brisk===
[[Brisk (beverage)|Brisk]], formerly Lipton Brisk, is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America as a [[joint venture]] between Lipton and PepsiCo. It differs from Lipton's other iced tea brands in that [[phosphoric acid]] is added to the blend, giving the beverage a distinctive tart flavor.
===Lipton Pyramid Tea===
Lipton also produces tea using the [[tetrahedral]] bag format as seen in other tea brands.
Lipton Clear was also launched in five variants – [[Earl Grey tea|Earl Grey Tea]], [[English breakfast tea|English Breakfast Tea]], Peach Mango Tea, [[Green tea|Green Tea]] Mandarin Orange, [[Mentha|Mint]] and [[Chamomile|Camomile]] Tea.
===Pure Leaf===
Pure Leaf is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America by the PepsiCo-Lipton joint venture. As opposed to Lipton Iced Tea and Brisk, both of which use a freeze-dried instant tea powder for a base, Pure Leaf is brewed in liquid.
==Lipton worldwide==
Available in over 110 countries, Lipton is particularly popular in [[Europe]], [[North America]], [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]], parts of [[Asia]] and [[Australasia]] ([[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]) as well as [[Latin America]], and the [[Caribbean]]. Despite its British origins, Lipton black tea (such as Yellow Label) is not marketed in the UK and is not found in mainstream British stores, because Unilever sells [[PG Tips]] in the UK. However, Lipton Ice Tea and fruit teas are available in the UK.
==Marketing and advertising==
In 1914, Lipton's tea were one of the sponsors for the first flight from Melbourne to Sydney by French aviator [[Maurice Guillaux]]. This was, at the time, the longest air mail and air freight flight in the world. Guillaux wrote, "I found it the most delicious tea I have ever tasted....I found it very soothing to the nerves." Lipton printed 250,000 copies of the letter, and these could be had by sending to Lipton a one-penny stamp. For a threepenny stamp, Lipton would send out a quarter-pound pack of tea.<ref>''Sydney Morning Herald'', Saturday 25 July 1914.</ref>
In an attempt to change the negative perception of Lipton Ice Tea in the United Kingdom – as 60% claimed they do not like the taste before even trying it – Lipton underwent a [[London]]-based summer experiential marketing campaign in 2010 under the slogan "Don't knock it 'til you’ve tried it!".<ref name="Lipton launch campaign">{{cite web |url=http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773 |title=Lipton launch lipton are haram 'Don't Knock it Until You've Tried It' Campaign |publisher=Promotional Marketing |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622195558/http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773 |archivedate=22 June 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Roaming demonstrators handed out 498,968 samples over the 58-day run. After the campaign, 87% of consumers claimed to enjoy Lipton Ice Tea, while 73% said they were more likely to purchase in the future.<ref name="Lipton Experiential Campaign">{{cite web |url=http://www.idagency.com/work/product-sampling/lipton-ice-tea/#content |title= Lipton Experiential Marketing Results|publisher=iD Experiential}}</ref> Lipton also made commercials starring [[The Muppets]] for the 2014 [[Disney]] film ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]''.{{clarify|date=July 2018}}
==Product quality controversy==
In November 2011, the [[General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine]] of [[China]] found high levels of pesticides such as [[bifenthrin]] in one variety of Lipton tea. Unilever responded by clearing the shelves of all affected products.<ref name=Greenpeace>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424,0,731198.story |title=Greenpeace says finds tainted Lipton tea bags in China |first=Ben |last=Blanchard |work=Chicago Tribune |date=24 April 2012 |accessdate=30 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426125723/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424%2C0%2C731198.story |archivedate=26 April 2012 }}</ref> In April 2012, the non-governmental organization [[Greenpeace]] raised questions about Lipton products once again, after two varieties of Lipton tea the group purchased in Beijing supermarkets failed safety tests, with the results allegedly failing to meet regulations as those enforced in the [[European Union]].<ref name="greenpeace1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/news/blog/lipton-tea-laced-with-toxic-pesticide-residue/blog/40093/|title=Lipton tea laced with toxic pesticide residue|publisher=Greenpeace|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref> Additionally, the group stated, "Some of the detected pesticides are also banned for use in tea production by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture." <ref name="greenpeace1"/> Unilever China denied the findings, stating all Lipton products within the country were safe.<ref name=Greenpeace />
==See also==
* [[Lipton Institute of Tea]]
* [[2008 Chinese milk scandal]]
* [[Cup-a-Soup]]
* [[Tea]]
* [[Brooke Bond]]
* [[PG Tips]]
* [[Tata Tea]]
* [[Tetley]]
* [[Tetley Tea Folk]]
* [[Typhoo tea]]
* [[Twinings]]
* [[Yorkshire Tea]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{commons category|Lipton (tea)}}
{{Unilever}}
{{PepsiCo}}
{{Defunct UK grocers}}
[[Category:1871 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1871]]
[[Category:Retail companies disestablished in 1929]]
[[Category:1929 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companies based in Glasgow]]
[[Category:History of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Defunct companies of Scotland]]
[[Category:Retail companies of Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Food manufacturers of Scotland]]
[[Category:Defunct supermarkets of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1890]]
[[Category:Scottish brands]]
[[Category:Iced tea brands]]
[[Category:Tea companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:PepsiCo brands]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1890]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies disestablished in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Tea brands in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tea brands]]
[[Category:Tea brands in United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unilever brands]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,25 +1,3 @@
-{{short description|Brand of tea}}
-{{For|people named Lipton|Lipton (surname)}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
-{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
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-|logo= [[File:LIPTON PRIMARY RGB BMT.png|150px]]
-|logo_caption = Logo used since 2014
-|image=<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Lipton logo 2002.jpg]] -->
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-<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Lipton logo 2002.jpg|thumb|125px|Old logo of Lipton: 2002-2014]] -->
-
-'''Lipton''' is a British [[brand]] of [[tea]], owned by [[Unilever]]. Lipton was also a [[supermarket chain]] in the [[United Kingdom]] before it was sold to [[Argyll Foods]], to allow the company to focus solely on tea. The company is named after its founder [[Thomas Lipton]]. The Lipton ready-to-drink beverages are sold by Pepsi Lipton International, a company jointly owned by Unilever and [[PepsiCo]].
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==History==
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19 => 'https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk',
20 => 'https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C10FA3E550C708DDDA00894DE404482',
21 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070617183750/http://www.unilever.com/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/2007/sustainable-tea-sourcing.asp',
22 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080107082327/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/analysis_and_features/article3223697.ece',
23 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081003212837/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk',
24 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090111104522/http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp',
25 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090731212847/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html',
26 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100924230548/http://liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx',
27 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120426125723/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424,0,731198.story',
28 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021708/http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68',
29 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141029182643/http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup',
30 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141029183508/http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150622195558/http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773',
32 => 'https://www.just-drinks.com/article.aspx?id=91542',
33 => 'https://www.lipton.com/us/en/home.html/',
34 => 'https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/past-gala-honorees',
35 => 'https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/what-matters-to-you/developing-alternative-approaches-to-animal-testing.html',
36 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2008-09-30-liptontea-hongkong_N.htm?csp=34'
] |
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Supermarkets"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supermarkets</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Tea"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Soup_mixes"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Soup mixes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Present_day"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Present day</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Brands"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Brands</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lipton_Yellow_Label"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lipton Yellow Label</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Lipton_Iced_Tea"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lipton Iced Tea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Lipton_Brisk"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lipton Brisk</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Lipton_Pyramid_Tea"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lipton Pyramid Tea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Pure_Leaf"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Pure Leaf</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Lipton_worldwide"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Lipton worldwide</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Marketing_and_advertising"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing and advertising</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Product_quality_controversy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Product quality controversy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the personal history of Thomas Lipton, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lipton" title="Thomas Lipton">Thomas Lipton</a>.</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Supermarkets">Supermarkets</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Johnstone_Lipton.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Thomas_Johnstone_Lipton.jpg/220px-Thomas_Johnstone_Lipton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1819" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Johnstone_Lipton.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Thomas Lipton</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Allied.GIF" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2e/Allied.GIF" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Allied.GIF" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The old Liptons, <a href="/wiki/Galbraith_supermarkets" title="Galbraith supermarkets">Galbraith</a>, <a href="/wiki/R_%26_J_Templeton" title="R & J Templeton">Templeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presto_(UK_supermarket)" title="Presto (UK supermarket)">Presto</a> logos</div></div></div>
<p>In 1871 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lipton" title="Thomas Lipton">Thomas Lipton</a> (1848–1931) of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> used his small savings to open his own shop, and by the 1880s the business had grown to more than 200 shops.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse1-1">[1]</a></sup> In 1929, the Lipton grocery retail business was one of the companies that merged with Home and Colonial Stores, Maypole Dairy Company, Vyes & Boroughs, Templetons, Galbraiths & Pearks to form a food group with more than 3,000 stores. The group traded in the <a href="/wiki/High_street" class="mw-redirect" title="High street">high street</a> under various names, but was registered on the UK stock market as Allied Suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Lipton's became a supermarket chain focused on small towns, before Allied's acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Foods" title="Argyll Foods">Argyll Foods</a> in 1982. The supermarket business was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Presto_(UK_supermarket)" title="Presto (UK supermarket)">Presto</a> during the 1980s.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tea">Tea</span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lipton" title="Thomas Lipton">Thomas Lipton</a> began travelling the world for new items to stock in this store. One such item was tea, since sales had doubled from £40 million in the late 1870s to £80 million by the mid-1880s. He believed the price was far too high, so in 1890 he purchased his own tea gardens in Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, where he packaged and sold the first Lipton tea.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Staying true to this vision, he arranged packaging and shipping at low costs and sold his tea in packets by the pound (454g), half pound (227g), and quarter pound (113g), with the advertising slogan: "Direct from the tea gardens to the teapot." Lipton teas were an immediate success in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-fundinguniverse1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundinguniverse1-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Lipton tea business was acquired by consumer goods company Unilever in a number of separate transactions, starting with the purchase of the United States and Canadian Lipton business in 1938 and completed in 1972 when Unilever bought the remainder of the global Lipton business from <a href="/wiki/Home_and_Colonial_Stores" title="Home and Colonial Stores">Allied Suppliers</a>.
</p><p>In 1991, Unilever created a first <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with PepsiCo, the Pepsi Lipton Partnership, for the marketing of <a href="/wiki/Ready_to_drink" title="Ready to drink">ready to drink</a> (bottled and canned) teas in North America. This was followed in 2003 by a second joint venture, Pepsi-Lipton International (PLI), covering many non-United States markets. PLI was expanded in September 2007 to include a number of large European markets. PepsiCo and Unilever each control 50 per cent of the shares of these joint ventures.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal" title="2008 Chinese milk scandal">2008 Chinese milk scandal</a>, food giant <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a> started recalling its Lipton milk tea powder in Hong Kong and Macau on 30 September 2008. The tea powder, which used Chinese milk powder as its raw ingredient, was recalled after the company's internal checks found traces of <a href="/wiki/Melamine" title="Melamine">melamine</a> in the powder.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011 <a href="/wiki/PETA" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA">PETA</a> criticized Unilever for conducting and funding experiments on rabbits, pigs and other animals in an attempt to make human health claims about the tea’s ingredients. According to the animal rights organization, Unilever decided to end the practice of Lipton products after receiving more than 40,000 appeals from PETA supporters and days before PETA made plans to launch its "Lipton CruelTEA" campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> Unilever no longer tests their products on animals unless required to by governments as part of their regulatory requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Soup_mixes">Soup mixes</span></h3>
<p>Lipton produces instant <a href="/wiki/Instant_soup" title="Instant soup">soup mixes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> In the 1950s in the United States, Lipton ran an advertisement campaign promoting <a href="/wiki/French_onion_dip" title="French onion dip">French onion dip</a> prepared at home using Lipton's French onion soup mix, thus helping to popularize <a href="/wiki/Chips_and_dip" title="Chips and dip">chips and dip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-10">[10]</a></sup> After this time, many new commercially produced varieties of dips (numbering in the hundreds) were created and produced in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Present_day">Present day</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lipton_Earl_Grey_tin.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lipton_Earl_Grey_tin.jpg/220px-Lipton_Earl_Grey_tin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="693" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lipton_Earl_Grey_tin.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A tin of loose Earl Grey tea</div></div></div>
<p>Lipton teas are a <a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">blend</a> selected from many different plantations around the world, from well-known producing countries such as <a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Lipton Yellow Label is blended from as many as 20 different teas.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>Apart from black leaves tea (with the long-standing Lipton Yellow Label brand), the company also markets a large range of other varieties, both in leaf tea as well as ready-to-drink format.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> These include green teas, black flavoured teas, <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal teas</a>, Lipton Linea (a "slimming tea") in Europe and Lipton Milk Tea in various Asian markets. Apart from Lipton Ice Tea, none of their products are available for retail in the UK, as only caterers are supplied, because Unilever sells PG-Tips in the UK.
</p><p>In a number of markets, including Japan, Russia and Australia, the company is advertising the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine">theanine</a>, which has <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoactive">psychoactive</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>Lipton still owns plantations in East Africa (<a href="/wiki/Kericho" title="Kericho">Kericho</a>, Kenya and <a href="/wiki/Mufindi" title="Mufindi">Mufindi</a>, Tanzania). In May 2007, Unilever became the first company to commit to sourcing all its tea in a sustainable manner.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Working with the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Alliance" title="Rainforest Alliance">Rainforest Alliance</a>, an international environmental <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a>, Lipton and its parent company, Unilever, announced all Lipton Yellow Label <a href="/wiki/Tea_bag" title="Tea bag">tea bags</a> sold in Western Europe would be certified by 2010 and all Lipton tea bags sold globally by 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> Lipton's own tea estates were among the first to be certified.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> Product bearing the Rainforest Alliance seal appeared on Western European markets in 2008 and started appearing in North America in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 May 2009, Lipton received a Corporate Green Globe Award for its work with the Rainforest Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Brands">Brands</span></h2>
<p>Lipton's main pillar brands are Lipton Yellow Label and Lipton Iced Tea. Other product lines exist as well, like the Lipton pyramid (<a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedron</a>) range in Europe and North America, and Lipton Milk Tea in East Asia. In 2008, the brand launched Lipton Linea in Western Europe.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lipton_Yellow_Label">Lipton Yellow Label</span></h3>
<p>Lipton Yellow Label has been sold since 1890, when Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lipton" title="Thomas Lipton">Thomas Lipton</a> created the first version of the Yellow pack with a red Lipton shield, which to this day typifies the Lipton Yellow Label brand. It is sold in 150 countries worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> Lipton Yellow Label is a <a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">blend</a> of several types of tea.
</p><p>Lipton Yellow Label blend is available both in tea bags, the preferred format in Western Europe, North America and Australia, as well as loose packaged tea, the preferred format in much of the Middle East and throughout Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lipton Yellow Label loose packed tea is rolled into small balls like <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_tea" title="Gunpowder tea">gunpowder green tea</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lipton_Iced_Tea">Lipton Iced Tea</span></h3>
<p><b>Lipton Iced Tea</b>, in many markets known as <b>Lipton Ice Tea</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Iced_tea" title="Iced tea">iced tea</a> brand sold by Lipton. It comes in four flavours.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lipton_Brisk">Lipton Brisk</span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Brisk_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisk (beverage)">Brisk</a>, formerly Lipton Brisk, is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America as a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> between Lipton and PepsiCo. It differs from Lipton's other iced tea brands in that <a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">phosphoric acid</a> is added to the blend, giving the beverage a distinctive tart flavor.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lipton_Pyramid_Tea">Lipton Pyramid Tea</span></h3>
<p>Lipton also produces tea using the <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahedral">tetrahedral</a> bag format as seen in other tea brands.
</p><p>Lipton Clear was also launched in five variants – <a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea" title="Earl Grey tea">Earl Grey Tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English Breakfast Tea</a>, Peach Mango Tea, <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green Tea</a> Mandarin Orange, <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Camomile</a> Tea.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pure_Leaf">Pure Leaf</span></h3>
<p>Pure Leaf is an iced tea brand distributed primarily in North America by the PepsiCo-Lipton joint venture. As opposed to Lipton Iced Tea and Brisk, both of which use a freeze-dried instant tea powder for a base, Pure Leaf is brewed in liquid.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Lipton_worldwide">Lipton worldwide</span></h2>
<p>Available in over 110 countries, Lipton is particularly popular in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>) as well as <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. Despite its British origins, Lipton black tea (such as Yellow Label) is not marketed in the UK and is not found in mainstream British stores, because Unilever sells <a href="/wiki/PG_Tips" title="PG Tips">PG Tips</a> in the UK. However, Lipton Ice Tea and fruit teas are available in the UK.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Marketing_and_advertising">Marketing and advertising</span></h2>
<p>In 1914, Lipton's tea were one of the sponsors for the first flight from Melbourne to Sydney by French aviator <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Guillaux" title="Maurice Guillaux">Maurice Guillaux</a>. This was, at the time, the longest air mail and air freight flight in the world. Guillaux wrote, "I found it the most delicious tea I have ever tasted....I found it very soothing to the nerves." Lipton printed 250,000 copies of the letter, and these could be had by sending to Lipton a one-penny stamp. For a threepenny stamp, Lipton would send out a quarter-pound pack of tea.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>In an attempt to change the negative perception of Lipton Ice Tea in the United Kingdom – as 60% claimed they do not like the taste before even trying it – Lipton underwent a <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>-based summer experiential marketing campaign in 2010 under the slogan "Don't knock it 'til you’ve tried it!".<sup id="cite_ref-Lipton_launch_campaign_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipton_launch_campaign-24">[24]</a></sup> Roaming demonstrators handed out 498,968 samples over the 58-day run. After the campaign, 87% of consumers claimed to enjoy Lipton Ice Tea, while 73% said they were more likely to purchase in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipton_Experiential_Campaign_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipton_Experiential_Campaign-25">[25]</a></sup> Lipton also made commercials starring <a href="/wiki/The_Muppets" title="The Muppets">The Muppets</a> for the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Muppets_Most_Wanted" title="Muppets Most Wanted">Muppets Most Wanted</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Product_quality_controversy">Product quality controversy</span></h2>
<p>In November 2011, the <a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Quality_Supervision,_Inspection_and_Quarantine" title="General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine">General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> found high levels of pesticides such as <a href="/wiki/Bifenthrin" title="Bifenthrin">bifenthrin</a> in one variety of Lipton tea. Unilever responded by clearing the shelves of all affected products.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenpeace_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-26">[26]</a></sup> In April 2012, the non-governmental organization <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> raised questions about Lipton products once again, after two varieties of Lipton tea the group purchased in Beijing supermarkets failed safety tests, with the results allegedly failing to meet regulations as those enforced in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenpeace1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenpeace1-27">[27]</a></sup> Additionally, the group stated, "Some of the detected pesticides are also banned for use in tea production by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture." <sup id="cite_ref-greenpeace1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenpeace1-27">[27]</a></sup> Unilever China denied the findings, stating all Lipton products within the country were safe.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenpeace_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipton_Institute_of_Tea" title="Lipton Institute of Tea">Lipton Institute of Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal" title="2008 Chinese milk scandal">2008 Chinese milk scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cup-a-Soup" title="Cup-a-Soup">Cup-a-Soup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Bond" title="Brooke Bond">Brooke Bond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PG_Tips" title="PG Tips">PG Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Tea">Tata Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tetley" title="Tetley">Tetley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tetley_Tea_Folk" title="Tetley Tea Folk">Tetley Tea Folk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Typhoo_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoo tea">Typhoo tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twinings" title="Twinings">Twinings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Tea" title="Yorkshire Tea">Yorkshire Tea</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-fundinguniverse1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fundinguniverse1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fundinguniverse1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Thomas-J-Lipton-Company-Company-History.html">"History of Thomas J. Lipton Company"</a>. Fundinguniverse.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Thomas+J.+Lipton+Company&rft.pub=Fundinguniverse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2FThomas-J-Lipton-Company-Company-History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allied Stores was originally formed in 1929 to act as the group's purchasing arm.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029183508/http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history">"From the tea garden to the tea pot: Sir Thomas Lipton's Vision"</a>. Lipton Tea. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liptontea.com/article/detail/157721/lipton-history">the original</a> on 29 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+the+tea+garden+to+the+tea+pot%3A+Sir+Thomas+Lipton%27s+Vision&rft.pub=Lipton+Tea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liptontea.com%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F157721%2Flipton-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.just-drinks.com/article.aspx?id=91542">"PepsiCo and Unilever extend partnership"</a>. Just-drinks.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PepsiCo+and+Unilever+extend+partnership&rft.pub=Just-drinks.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-drinks.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D91542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003212837/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk">"Lipton-brand milk tea powder recalled in Asia"</a>. Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080930/ap_on_re_as/as_hong_kong_tainted_milk">the original</a> on 3 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lipton-brand+milk+tea+powder+recalled+in+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fap%2F20080930%2Fap_on_re_as%2Fas_hong_kong_tainted_milk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2008-09-30-liptontea-hongkong_N.htm?csp=34">"Lipton milk tea powder recalled in Hong Kong"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. Associated Press. 30 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Lipton+milk+tea+powder+recalled+in+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Findustries%2Ffood%2F2008-09-30-liptontea-hongkong_N.htm%3Fcsp%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZelman2011" class="citation news">Zelman, Joanna (2 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/unilever-ends-animal-test_n_818225.html">"Unilever Ends Animal Testing On Lipton Tea Products After PETA Threatens Major Campaign"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Unilever+Ends+Animal+Testing+On+Lipton+Tea+Products+After+PETA+Threatens+Major+Campaign&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft.aulast=Zelman&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F02%2F03%2Funilever-ends-animal-test_n_818225.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/what-matters-to-you/developing-alternative-approaches-to-animal-testing.html">"Developing alternative approaches to animal testing"</a>. Unilever<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Developing+alternative+approaches+to+animal+testing&rft.pub=Unilever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unilever.com%2Fsustainable-living%2Fwhat-matters-to-you%2Fdeveloping-alternative-approaches-to-animal-testing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029182643/http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup">"Search results for 'soup<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. Lipton Tea. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liptontea.com/search/soup">the original</a> on 29 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+results+for+%27soup%27&rft.pub=Lipton+Tea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liptontea.com%2Fsearch%2Fsoup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Oxford-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2007" class="citation book">Smith, Andrew F. (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&pg=PA145"><i>The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink</i></a>. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530796-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530796-2"><bdi>978-0-19-530796-2</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+American+Food+and+Drink&rft.pages=145&rft.date=2007-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530796-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAoWlCmNDA3QC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111104522/http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp">"Lipton Tea can do that: Producing the Finest"</a>. Unilever. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time-for-tea.com/producing.asp">the original</a> on 11 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+Tea+can+do+that%3A+Producing+the+Finest&rft.pub=Unilever&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time-for-tea.com%2Fproducing.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100924230548/http://liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx">"LIPTON Tea & Your Health"</a>. Unilever. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liptont.com/tea_health/performance/index.aspx">the original</a> on 24 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LIPTON+Tea+%26+Your+Health&rft.pub=Unilever&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liptont.com%2Ftea_health%2Fperformance%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090731212847/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html">"Unilever to sell environmentally sustainable tea"</a>. <i>The San Diego Union-Tribune</i>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html">the original</a> on 31 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Unilever+to+sell+environmentally+sustainable+tea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F20070525-0857-tea-unilever-sustainable.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=consumerProducts&storyID=2007-05-25T170334Z_01_N25420184_RTRIDST_0_SP_PAGE_016-N25420184-OISCP.XML">Reuters</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since October 2014">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/life/story.html?id=1427753">"Sense & Sustainability: Banking on greener tea"</a>. <i>National Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Sense+%26+Sustainability%3A+Banking+on+greener+tea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Flife%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D1427753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/behindTheScenes/idUKTRE5457WX20090506">"Rainforest certified Lipton tea reaches U.S."</a> UK: Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainforest+certified+Lipton+tea+reaches+U.S.&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Reuters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FbehindTheScenes%2FidUKTRE5457WX20090506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/past-gala-honorees">"Past Gala Honorees"</a>. Rainforest Alliance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Gala+Honorees&rft.pub=Rainforest+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainforest-alliance.org%2Fpast-gala-honorees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021708/http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68">"Lipton Tea"</a>. Lipton Tea. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lipton.com/en_en/#Lipton%20history-0,68">the original</a> on 20 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+Tea&rft.pub=Lipton+Tea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lipton.com%2Fen_en%2F%23Lipton%2520history-0%2C68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liptonicetea.com/">"Lipton Ice Tea website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+Ice+Tea+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liptonicetea.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>, Saturday 25 July 1914.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lipton_launch_campaign-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lipton_launch_campaign_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622195558/http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773">"Lipton launch lipton are haram 'Don't Knock it Until You've Tried It' Campaign"</a>. Promotional Marketing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promomarketing.info/experiential/sampling/lipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c/3773">the original</a> on 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+launch+lipton+are+haram+%27Don%27t+Knock+it+Until+You%27ve+Tried+It%27+Campaign&rft.pub=Promotional+Marketing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promomarketing.info%2Fexperiential%2Fsampling%2Flipton-launch-dont-knock-it-until-youve-tried-it-c%2F3773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lipton_Experiential_Campaign-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lipton_Experiential_Campaign_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idagency.com/work/product-sampling/lipton-ice-tea/#content">"Lipton Experiential Marketing Results"</a>. iD Experiential.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+Experiential+Marketing+Results&rft.pub=iD+Experiential&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idagency.com%2Fwork%2Fproduct-sampling%2Flipton-ice-tea%2F%23content&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Greenpeace-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenpeace_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenpeace_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchard2012" class="citation web">Blanchard, Ben (24 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426125723/http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424%2C0%2C731198.story">"Greenpeace says finds tainted Lipton tea bags in China"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424,0,731198.story">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Greenpeace+says+finds+tainted+Lipton+tea+bags+in+China&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fbusiness%2Fsns-rt-us-unilever-china-qualitybre83n0at-20120424%2C0%2C731198.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-greenpeace1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenpeace1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenpeace1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/news/blog/lipton-tea-laced-with-toxic-pesticide-residue/blog/40093/">"Lipton tea laced with toxic pesticide residue"</a>. Greenpeace<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lipton+tea+laced+with+toxic+pesticide+residue&rft.pub=Greenpeace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Feastasia%2Fnews%2Fblog%2Flipton-tea-laced-with-toxic-pesticide-residue%2Fblog%2F40093%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALipton" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<p><br />
</p>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Bond" title="Brooke Bond">Brooke Bond</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Jerry%27s" title="Ben & Jerry's">Ben & Jerry's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bertolli" title="Bertolli">Bertolli</a> (except olive oil and U.S. frozen foods)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_Tonight" title="Chicken Tonight">Chicken Tonight</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Rafhan" title="Rafhan">Rafhan</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kensington%E2%80%99s" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Kensington’s">Sir Kensington’s</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Humor" title="Good Humor">Good Humor</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Dickie_Dee" title="Dickie Dee">Dickie Dee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sealtest_Dairy" title="Sealtest Dairy">Sealtest Dairy</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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<ul><li>Bio-Tex</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Breeze_detergent" title="Breeze detergent">Breeze</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Domestos" title="Domestos">Domestos</a></li>
<li>Finitex</li>
<li>Lever 2000</li>
<li>Neutral</li>
<li>Omo</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Persil" title="Persil">Persil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persil_Power" title="Persil Power">Persil Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Persil_Service" title="Persil Service">Persil Service</a>) (brand owned by Henkel)</li>
<li>Probat</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rinso" title="Rinso">Rinso</a> (except the United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Generation_Inc." title="Seventh Generation Inc.">Seventh Generation</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Surf_(detergent)" title="Surf (detergent)">Surf</a> (except for North America)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Personal care</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axe_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Axe (brand)">Axe/Lynx</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bed_Head" title="Bed Head">Bed Head</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brylcreem" title="Brylcreem">Brylcreem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clear_(shampoo)" title="Clear (shampoo)">Clear</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Close-Up_(toothpaste)" title="Close-Up (toothpaste)">Close-Up</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rexona" title="Rexona">Degree</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dove_(toiletries)" title="Dove (toiletries)">Dove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_Shave_Club" title="Dollar Shave Club">Dollar Shave Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_(cosmetics)" title="Fabergé (cosmetics)">Faberge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Helene_Curtis_Industries,_Inc." title="Helene Curtis Industries, Inc.">Helene Curtis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impulse_(body_mist)" title="Impulse (body mist)">Impulse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lakm%C3%A9_Cosmetics" title="Lakmé Cosmetics">Lakmé</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lifebuoy_(soap)" title="Lifebuoy (soap)">Lifebuoy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lux_(soap)" title="Lux (soap)">Lux</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mentadent" title="Mentadent">Mentadent</a> (except for North America)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noxzema" title="Noxzema">Noxzema</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pears_soap" class="mw-redirect" title="Pears soap">Pears soap</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsodent" title="Pepsodent">Pepsodent</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pond%27s" title="Pond's">Pond's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Matchabelli" title="Prince Matchabelli">Prince Matchabelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_swab" title="Cotton swab">Q-tips</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Radox" title="Radox">Radox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rexona" title="Rexona">Rexona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salon_Selectives" title="Salon Selectives">Salon Selectives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(toothpaste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (toothpaste)">Signal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Skincare" title="Simple Skincare">Simple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suave" title="Suave">Suave</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunsilk" title="Sunsilk">Sunsilk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rexona" title="Rexona">Sure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timotei" title="Timotei">Timotei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TRESemm%C3%A9" title="TRESemmé">TRESemmé</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twink_(home_perm)" title="Twink (home perm)">Twink</a></li>
<li>VO5 (except the United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaseline" title="Vaseline">Vaseline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zendium" title="Zendium">zendium</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lever_Brothers" title="Lever Brothers">Lever Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Margarine_Unie" title="Margarine Unie">Margarine Unie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Burford_%26_Sons" title="W. H. Burford & Sons">W. H. Burford & Sons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colworth_House" title="Colworth House">Colworth House</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lever_Brothers_Factory" title="Lever Brothers Factory">Lever Brothers Factory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lever_House" title="Lever House">Lever House</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lipton_Institute_of_Tea" title="Lipton Institute of Tea">Lipton Institute of Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sunlight" title="Port Sunlight">Port Sunlight</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unilever_House" title="Unilever House">Unilever House</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unilever_Leeds" title="Unilever Leeds">Unilever Leeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unilever_Research_%26_Development_Port_Sunlight_Laboratory" title="Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory">Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Unilever_people" title="Category:Unilever people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Johannes_Jurgens" title="Antonius Johannes Jurgens">Antonius Johannes Jurgens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Lever,_1st_Viscount_Leverhulme" title="William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme">William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Polman" title="Paul Polman">Paul Polman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Tabaksblat" title="Morris Tabaksblat">Morris Tabaksblat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_van_den_Bergh" title="Samuel van den Bergh">Samuel van den Bergh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_J._van_den_Bergh" title="Sidney J. van den Bergh">Sidney J. van den Bergh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_den_Bergh" title="Simon van den Bergh">Simon van den Bergh</a></li>
<li>Eugenio Minvielle Lagos</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unilever" title="Category:Unilever"><b>Category</b></a></li>
<li><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unilever" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Unilever"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PepsiCo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PepsiCo" title="Template:PepsiCo"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PepsiCo" title="Template talk:PepsiCo"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PepsiCo&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PepsiCo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Bradham" title="Caleb Bradham">Caleb Bradham</a> (founder)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(chairman)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Laguarta" title="Ramon Laguarta">Ramon Laguarta</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CEO)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Allen_(telecommunications_executive)" title="Robert E. Allen (telecommunications executive)">Robert E. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dina_Dublon" title="Dina Dublon">Dina Dublon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ibarg%C3%BCen" title="Alberto Ibargüen">Alberto Ibargüen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Reinemund" title="Steven Reinemund">Steven Reinemund</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diet_Pepsi" title="Diet Pepsi">Diet Pepsi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi_Max" title="Pepsi Max">Pepsi Max</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi_Zero_Sugar" title="Pepsi Zero Sugar">Pepsi Zero Sugar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi_Next" title="Pepsi Next">Pepsi Next</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi-Cola_Made_with_Real_Sugar" title="Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar">Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(soft_drink)" title="Jazz (soft drink)">Jazz Diet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kas" title="Kas">Kas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Izze" title="Izze">Izze</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Dew" title="Mountain Dew">Mountain Dew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita_Sol" title="Manzanita Sol">Manzanita Sol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mirinda" title="Mirinda">Mirinda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Mist" title="Sierra Mist">Sierra Mist</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mug_Root_Beer" title="Mug Root Beer">Mug Root Beer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slice_(drink)" title="Slice (drink)">Slice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amp_Energy" title="Amp Energy">Amp Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquafina" title="Aquafina">Aquafina</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lipton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brisk_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisk (beverage)">Brisk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lipton#Lipton_Iced_Tea" title="Lipton">Iced Tea</a>) (under license)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/No_Fear#No_Fear_Energy" title="No Fear">No Fear</a> (under license)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Spray_(cooperative)" title="Ocean Spray (cooperative)">Ocean Spray</a> (under license)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks </a> (under license inc.
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethos_Water" title="Ethos Water">Ethos Water</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frappuccino" title="Frappuccino">Frappuccino</a>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SoBe" title="SoBe">SoBe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shani_(drink)" title="Shani (drink)">Shani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duke%27s_Lemonade" title="Duke's Lemonade">Duke's Lemonade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duke%27s_Mangola" title="Duke's Mangola">Duke's Mangola</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frito-Lay_Canada" title="Frito-Lay Canada">Frito-Lay Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay%27s" title="Lay's">Lay's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ruffles" title="Ruffles">Ruffles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Doritos" title="Doritos">Doritos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tostitos" title="Tostitos">Tostitos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fritos" title="Fritos">Fritos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cheetos" title="Cheetos">Cheetos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rold_Gold" title="Rold Gold">Rold Gold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Funyuns" title="Funyuns">Funyuns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chips" title="Sun Chips">Sun Chips</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cracker_Jack" title="Cracker Jack">Cracker Jack</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Munchos" title="Munchos">Munchos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smartfood" title="Smartfood">Smartfood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oberto_Sausage_Company" title="Oberto Sausage Company">Oberto</a> (distributed)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hostess_Potato_Chips" title="Hostess Potato Chips">Hostess</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lay%27s_Stax" title="Lay's Stax">Lay's Stax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Vickie%27s" title="Miss Vickie's">Miss Vickie's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Munchies_(snack_mix)" title="Munchies (snack mix)">Munchies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walkers_(snack_foods)" title="Walkers (snack foods)">Walkers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sabritas" title="Sabritas">Sabritas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Smith%27s_Snackfood_Company" title="The Smith's Snackfood Company">Smith's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Foods" title="Bluebird Foods">Bluebird</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gamesa" title="Gamesa">Gamesa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_(company)" title="Sabra (company)">Sabra</a> (49%)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frito-Lay" title="Frito-Lay">Frito-Lay</a> (India)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay%27s" title="Lay's">Lay's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kurkure" title="Kurkure">Kurkure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Chipps" title="Uncle Chipps">Uncle Chipps</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frito-Lay (Pakistan)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay%27s" title="Lay's">Lay's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kurkure" title="Kurkure">Kurkure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cheetos" title="Cheetos">Cheetos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Oats_Company" title="Quaker Oats Company">Quaker Oats</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Products" title="Tropicana Products">Tropicana Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copella" title="Copella">Copella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dole_Food_Company" title="Dole Food Company">Dole</a> (under license)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naked_Juice" title="Naked Juice">Naked</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Products" title="Tropicana Products">Tropicana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tropolis" title="Tropolis">Tropolis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Oats_Company" title="Quaker Oats Company">Quaker Oats Company</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Instant_Oatmeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker Instant Oatmeal">Quaker Instant Oatmeal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cap%27n_Crunch" title="Cap'n Crunch">Cap'n Crunch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Life_(cereal)" title="Life (cereal)">Life</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quisp" title="Quisp">Quisp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/King_Vitaman" title="King Vitaman">King Vitaman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oh%27s" title="Oh's">Oh's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jemima" title="Aunt Jemima">Aunt Jemima</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chewy_Granola_Bars" class="mw-redirect" title="Chewy Granola Bars">Chewy Granola Bars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rice-A-Roni" title="Rice-A-Roni">Rice-A-Roni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toddy_(PepsiCo)" title="Toddy (PepsiCo)">Toddy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Porage_Oats" title="Scott's Porage Oats">Scott's Porage Oats</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wimm-Bill-Dann_Foods" title="Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods">Tchudo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gatorade" title="Gatorade">Gatorade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propel_Fitness_Water" title="Propel Fitness Water">Propel Fitness Water</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other holdings</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebedyansky_(company)" title="Lebedyansky (company)">Lebedyansky</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sandora" title="Sandora">Sandora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simba_(South_African_company)" title="Simba (South African company)">Simba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SodaStream" title="SodaStream">SodaStream</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wimm-Bill-Dann_Foods" title="Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods">Wimm-Bill-Dann</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duke_and_Sons" title="Duke and Sons">Duke and Sons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi_P1" title="Pepsi P1">Pepsi P1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_supermarkets_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defunct_UK_grocers" title="Template:Defunct UK grocers"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defunct_UK_grocers" title="Template talk:Defunct UK grocers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Defunct_UK_grocers&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_supermarkets_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supermarkets_in_the_United_Kingdom#List_of_defunct_UK_supermarket_chains" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarkets in the United Kingdom">Former supermarkets of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investor-owned chains</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bejam" title="Bejam">Bejam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scotmid#Botterills_Convenience_Stores" title="Scotmid">Botterills</a></li>
<li>Burton Supermarkets</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cartier%27s_Superfoods" title="Cartier's Superfoods">Cartier's Superfoods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cater_Brothers" title="Cater Brothers">Cater Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stewarts_Supermarket_Limited" title="Stewarts Supermarket Limited">Crazy Prices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_Greig_(supermarket)" title="David Greig (supermarket)">David Greig</a></li>
<li>Downsway Supermarkets</li>
<li>Elmo</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Fare" title="Fine Fare">Fine Fare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FreshXpress" title="FreshXpress">FreshXpress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Somerfield" title="Somerfield">Gateway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GT_Smith" title="GT Smith">GT Smith</a></li>
<li>Haldanes</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hillards" title="Hillards">Hillards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hintons" title="Hintons">Hintons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Tea_Co._Stores" title="International Tea Co. Stores">International Stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fitch_Lovell" title="Fitch Lovell">Key Markets</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lipton's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Local_Plus" title="Local Plus">Local Plus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Fisheries" title="Mac Fisheries">Mac Fisheries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mainstop" title="Mainstop">Mainstop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netto_UK" title="Netto UK">Netto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Express_Dairies" title="Express Dairies">Premier Supermarkets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(UK_supermarket)" title="Presto (UK supermarket)">Presto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safeway_(UK)" title="Safeway (UK)">Safeway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s_Freezer_Centres" title="Sainsbury's Freezer Centres">Sainsbury's Freezer Centres</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SavaCentre" title="SavaCentre">Sainsbury's SavaCentre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Somerfield" title="Somerfield">Somerfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stewarts_Supermarket_Limited" title="Stewarts Supermarket Limited">Stewarts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_(retailer)" title="Ugo (retailer)">UGO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Value" title="Victor Value">Victor Value</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Low" title="William Low">William Low</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-operative societies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Retail_Services" title="Co-operative Retail Services">CRS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_Co-operative_Society" title="Croydon Co-operative Society">Croydon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Regional_Co-operative_Society" title="Anglia Regional Co-operative Society">Anglia Regional</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Highburton_Co-operative_Society" title="Highburton Co-operative Society">Highburton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ilkeston_Co-operative_Society" title="Ilkeston Co-operative Society">Ilkeston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Co-operative_Society" title="Leeds Co-operative Society">Leeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/London_Co-operative_Society" title="London Co-operative Society">London</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lothian,_Borders_%26_Angus_Co-operative_Society" title="Lothian, Borders & Angus Co-operative Society">Lothian, Borders & Angus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Co-operative_Society" title="Midlands Co-operative Society">Midlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moulton_Co-operative_Society" title="Moulton Co-operative Society">Moulton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Co-operative_Society" title="Northern Co-operative Society">Norco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raunds_Co-operative_Society" title="Raunds Co-operative Society">Raunds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Penrith_Co-operative_Society" title="Penrith Co-operative Society">Penrith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Society_of_Equitable_Pioneers" title="Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers">Rochdale Pioneers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arsenal_Co-operative_Society" title="Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society">Royal Arsenal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Co-operative_Society" title="Sheffield Co-operative Society">Sheffield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Suburban_Co-operative_Society" title="South Suburban Co-operative Society">South Suburban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._Cuthbert%27s_Co-operative_Society" title="St. Cuthbert's Co-operative Society">St. Cuthbert's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Co-operatives" title="United Co-operatives">United</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_supermarkets_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Defunct supermarkets of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Supermarkets" title="Portal:Supermarkets">Supermarkets</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1590247269 |