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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Leutnant]], the more junior OF1/OF1b rank in Austrian, German and Swiss forces}}
{{redirect|Tenente|the bridge|Rooster Bridge}}
{{Military ranks}}
A '''lieutenant''' ({{IPAc-en|uk|l|E|f|'|t|E|n|@n|t}} {{Respell|lef|TEN|ənt}} or {{IPAc-en|us|l|u:|'|t|E|n|@n|t}} {{Respell|loo|TEN|ənt}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|author-link=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=3 April 2008|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref> abbreviated '''Lt.''', '''Lt''', '''LT''', '''Lieut''' and similar) is in some cases, the junior-most [[commissioned officer]] in the [[armed forces]], [[fire services]], [[police]], and other organizations of many nations.
The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see [[comparative military ranks]]), but is often subdivided into senior ([[first lieutenant]]) and junior ([[second lieutenant]] and even third lieutenant) ranks. In navies, it is often equivalent to the army rank of captain; it may also indicate a particular post rather than a rank. The rank is also used in [[fire service]]s, [[emergency medical services]], [[Security agency|security services]] and [[police]] forces.
Lieutenant may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is "[[second-in-command]]", and as such, may precede the name of the rank directly above it. For example, a "lieutenant master" is likely to be second-in-command to the "master" in an organisation using both ranks.
Political uses include [[lieutenant governor]] in various governments, and [[Quebec lieutenant]] in [[Politics of Canada|Canadian politics]]. In the [[United Kingdom]], a [[lord lieutenant]] is the sovereign's representative in a county or [[lieutenancy area]], while a [[deputy lieutenant]] is one of the lord lieutenant's deputies.
==Etymology==
The word ''lieutenant'' derives from [[French language|French]]; the ''lieu'' meaning "place" as in a position ([[cf.]] [[wikt:in lieu of|in lieu of]]); and ''tenant'' meaning "holding" as in "holding a position"; thus a "lieutenant" is a placeholder for a superior, during their absence (compare the Latin ''[[locum tenens]]'').
In the 19th century, British writers who considered this word either an imposition on the English language, or difficult for common soldiers and sailors, argued for it to be replaced by the [[calque]] "steadholder". However, their efforts failed, and the French word is still used, along with its many variations (e.g. [[lieutenant colonel]], [[lieutenant general]], [[lieutenant commander]], [[flight lieutenant]], [[second lieutenant]] and many non-English language examples), in both the [[Old World|Old]] and the [[New World]].{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
===Pronunciation===
Pronunciation of ''lieutenant'' is generally split between the forms {{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-lieutenant.ogg|l|ɛ|f|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} {{respell|lef|TEN|ənt}} and {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-lieutenant.ogg|l|uː|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} {{respell|loo|TEN|ənt}}, with the former generally associated with the armies of [[British Commonwealth]] countries and the [[Republic of Ireland]]; and the latter generally associated with anyone from the United States.<ref name="ahd">[[American Heritage Dictionary]], s.v. [http://www.bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html "Lieutenant"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012150158/http://bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html |date=2007-10-12 }}</ref> The early history of the pronunciation is unclear; [[Middle English]] spellings suggest that both proununciations may have existed even then.<ref name="oed">[[Oxford English Dictionary]].</ref> The majority of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century sources show pronunciations with /v/ or /f/, but [[William Bullokar|Bullokar]] has /liu/.<ref>{{cite book |title=English Pronunciation 1500-1700 |first=E. J. |last=Dobson |volume=ii |edition=second |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |year=1968 |orig-year=1957 |page=1009}}</ref>
The rare [[Old French]] variant spelling ''luef'' for [[Modern French]] ''lieu'' ('place') supports the suggestion that a final {{IPA|[u]}} of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an {{IPA|[f]}}.<ref name="oed" /> Furthermore, in Latin, the ''lingua franca'' of the era, the letter v is used for both u and v.
In [[Royal Navy|Royal Naval]] tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation {{IPAc-en|audio=Lieutenant Pronunciation Reduced.ogg|l|ə|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] (although the RN pronunciation was included in editions of OED up until the 1970s).
==Army ranks==
Conventionally, armies and other services or branches that use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Historically, the "lieutenant" was the deputy to a "captain", and as the rank structure of armies began to formalise, this came to mean that a [[Captain (Land)|captain]] commanded a [[company (military unit)|company]] and had several lieutenants, each commanding a [[platoon]]. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by many names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] and [[Cornet (military rank)|cornet]]. Some parts of the [[British Army]], including the [[Royal Artillery]], [[Royal Engineers]] and [[fusilier]] [[regiment]]s, used first lieutenant as well as second lieutenant until the end of the 19th century, and some British Army regiments still preserve cornet as an official alternative to second lieutenant.
===Lieutenant===
{{Main|First lieutenant}}
{{see also|Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)}}
The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in the [[United States]], and as lieutenant in the [[United Kingdom]] and the rest of the [[English language|English-speaking]] world. In countries that do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as "lieutenant", but may also translate as "first lieutenant" or "senior lieutenant". The Israel Defense Forces rank ''segen'' (סגן) literally translates as "deputy", which is equivalent to a lieutenant. In the Finnish military there is a [[senior lieutenant]] grade that ranks above lieutenant and second lieutenant but below captain; it does not have an English equivalent. In Germany it is called [[Oberleutnant]] (high-lieutenant).
There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.
<gallery>
File:Australian Army OF-1b.svg|<center>Australia</center>
File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1b.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>
File:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Lieutenant Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>
File:Primeiro-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Primeiro Tenente'')</center>
File:Cdn-Army-Lt(OF-1A)-2014.svg|Canada
File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01b.svg|Egypt
File:Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|French ONF
File:Army-FRA-OF-01a.svg|France
File:Georgia Army OF-2.png|Georgia
File:221-Oberleutnant.png|Germany
File:Army-GRE-OF-01a.svg|Greece
File:Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|India
File:14-TNI Army-1LT.svg|Indonesia
File:Sotvan 1.png|Iran
File:IE-Army-OF1a.png|Ireland
File:IDF segen.svg|Israel
File:Rank insignia of tenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy
File:JASDF First Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|JASDF]])
File:DPRK-Navy-OF-1c.svg|Korea, North <small>([[Korean People's Navy|Navy]], [[senior lieutenant]])</small>
File:ROKMC-OF-1b.svg|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Marine Corps|Marine]])
File:Porucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia
File:Mexican Military Teniente.gif|Mexico
File:Army-POL-OF-01a.svg|Poland
File:OF-1(B) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan
File:RO-Army-OF1a.png|Romania
File:RAF A F1FstLt 2010.png|Russia <small>([[senior lieutenant]])</small>
File:SAA-OF-1b.svg|South Africa
File:SWE-Löjtnant.svg|Sweden
File:RTA_OF-1b_(Lieutenant).svg|Thailand
File:British Army OF-1b.svg|United Kingdom
File:US-OF1A.svg|United States
File:PTTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]
</gallery>
====Second lieutenant====
{{Main|Second lieutenant}}
Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer. In most cases, newly commissioned officers do not remain at the rank for long before being promoted, and both university graduates and officers commissioned from the ranks may skip the rank altogether.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} In non-English-speaking countries, the equivalent rank title may translate as "second lieutenant", "lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "junior lieutenant". Non-English terms include ''alferes'' (Portuguese Army and Air Force), ''alférez'' (Spanish Army and Air Force), ''fänrik'' ([[Swedish Armed Forces]]), ''ensign'', ''Leutnant'' (German Army), ''letnan'' ([[Indonesian National Armed Forces]]), ''poručík'' ([[Army of the Czech Republic|Czech Army]]), ''segen mishne'' ([[Israel Defense Forces]]) or ''løjtnant'' (Danish Army).
<gallery>
File:Australian Army OF-1a.svg|<center>Australia</center>
File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1a.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>
File:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_Lieutenant_Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>
File:Segundo-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Segundo Tenente'')</center>
File:Cdn-Army-2Lt(OF-1)-2014.svg|Canada
File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01a.svg|Egypt
File:Sous-Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|France
File:Georgia Army OF-1b.png|Georgia
File:211-Leutnant.png|Germany
File:Army-GRE-OF-01b.svg|Greece
File:13-TNI Army-2LT.svg|Indonesia
File:Sotvan 2.png|Iran
File:IE-Army-OF1b.png|Ireland
File:IDF segen mishne.svg|Israel
File:Rank insignia of sottotenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy
File:JGSDF Second Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|JGSDF]])
File:DPRK-Army-OF-1a.svg|Korea, North ([[Korean People's Army|Army]])
File:소위.JPG|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Air Force|Air Force]])
File:Potporucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia
File:Mexican Military Subteniente.gif|Mexico
File:Army-POL-OF-01b.svg|Poland
File:OF-1(A) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan
File:RO-Army-OF1b.png|Romania
File:SAA-OF-1a.svg|South Africa
File:SWE-Fänrik.svg|Sweden
File:RTA_OF-1a_(Sub_Lieutenant).svg|Thailand
File:British Army OF-1a.svg|United Kingdom
File:US-OF1B.svg|United States
File:TTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]
</gallery>
====Third lieutenant====
<gallery>
File:Rank insignia of младши лейтенант of the Bulgarian Army.png|<center>[[Bulgaria]]</center>
File:Georgia Army OF-1a.png|<center>[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Georgian Land Forces|army]]</center>
File:Sotvan 3.png|<center>[[Iran]]</center>
File:RAF N F1c-MlLt 2010–.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Navy|navy]]</center>
File:RAF A F1-3SubLt after2010.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Ground Forces|army]]/[[Strategic Missile Troops|RVSN]]</center>
</gallery>
===Eastern European ranks===
A few non-English-speaking militaries maintain a lower rank, frequently translated as "third lieutenant" OF1c. The rank title may actually translate as "second lieutenant", "junior lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "[[Ensign (rank)|ensign]]". [[Warsaw Pact]] countries (except Poland since 1957) standardised their ranking systems on the Soviet system. Some of the former Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations have now discarded the third rank while many retain it like Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia. Other nations use the term "senior ''poruchik''" or "''nadporuchik''" (OF1a), "''poruchik''" (OF1b), and "junior ''poruchik''" or "''podporuchik''" (OF1c).
===Russia===<!--[[Mladshy leytenant]] redirects here-->
The [[Soviet Union]] used the three ranks [[senior lieutenant]] (старший лейтенант; ''starshy leytenant'' - OF1a), lieutenant (лейтенант; ''leytenant'' - OF1b), and junior lieutenant (мла́дший лейтенант; ''mladshy leytenant'' - OF1c). The armed forces of the Russian Federation inherited this rank structure. If military personnel serve in a guards formation, or on a guards warship, the rank designation will be preceded by the word "guards" (e.g. "guards junior lieutenant"). For civil or military personnel in the medical or judicial professions, the military rank will be preceded by the words "legal" or "medical service".
{| class=wikitable
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| '''gorget patch''' <small>(1935 – 1940/43)</small> ||
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="6"| '''Army shoulder straps'''
|- align=center
| [[File:Red Army Lt col 1943v.png|40px]]
| [[File:RA A-arm Lt 1943.png|40px]]
| [[File:Red Air Force Leytenant 1943v.png|40px]]
|
| [[File:RA-SA A-inf F1-2Lt 1955.png|45px]]
| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt since 2010par.svg|45px]]
| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt 2010.png|40px]]
| [[File:Lejtinant.png|48px]]
| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt after2010.png|40px]]
| [[File:10lt.png|45px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Army
| Armoured<br />troops
| Air Force
|
| (1946–1955)
| (1955–1994)
| (until 2010)
| (since 1994)
| (since 1994)
| (since 1994)
|}
===United States ranks===
In March 1813, the US Army created the rank of third lieutenant. The rank was used as the entry level officer rank for the Ordnance Department and the Corps of Artillery until March 1821.<ref>p.970 Tucker, Spencer C. ''The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History'' [3 volumes] ABC-CLIO, 25 Apr 2012</ref> Throughout the 19th century and until as late as World War II<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Text Citations For Award of The Distinguished Service Cross |url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/army_a.html |quote=The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) to Baltazar Adona, Third Lieutenant, U.S. Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against a hostile force in the Philippine Islands. Third Lieutenant Adona distinguished himself by intrepid actions from 10 to 16 December 1941 while serving with the Philippine Scouts |access-date=27 July 2009}}</ref> the [[United States Army]] sometimes referred to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] [[second lieutenant]]s as "third lieutenants". These were typically newly commissioned officers for which no authorized second lieutenant position existed. Additionally, the [[Confederate States Army]] also used "third lieutenant", typically as the lowest ranking commissioned officer in an infantry company.
Notably, the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service]] used a simple officer rank structure with Captain, First, Second and Third Lieutenants, each of whom had distinct insignia. The title of Third Lieutenant, essentially equal to the rank of [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]], existed until 1915 when the Service became the nucleus of the new [[United States Coast Guard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/usrcsuniforms1908.pdf|title=United States Revenue Marine Uniforms & Devices to 1908}}</ref> Because of the time required to fully establish this organization the rank continued for some time afterwards; the first Coast Guard aviator, [[Elmer F. Stone]], was a third lieutenant until 1918.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909020021/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/Elmer%20Stone%20Book_1.pdf Commander Elmer F. "Archie" Stone, USCG Coast Guard Aviator #1]</ref>
==Naval rank==
{{Navalranks}}
===Lieutenant commander===
{{Main|Lieutenant commander}}
Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain: such a lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy, and a "lieutenant in command" or "lieutenant and commander" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862, and made it a distinct rank; the Royal Navy followed suit in March 1914. The insignia of an additional half-thickness stripe between the two full stripes of a lieutenant was introduced in 1877 for a Royal Navy lieutenant of 8 years seniority, and used for lieutenant commanders upon introduction of their rank.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm#Ltcdr |title=Officer Ranks in the Royal Navy – Lieutenant Commander |publisher=Royal Naval Museum |access-date=2008-10-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015812/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm |archive-date=2014-10-11 }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:GR-Navy-OF3.svg|Greece
File:POR-Navy-OF3.svg|Portugal
File:U.S. Navy O-4 insignia.svg|US
</gallery>
===Lieutenant===
{{main|Lieutenant (navy)}}
During the early days of the naval rank, a lieutenant might be very junior indeed, or might be on the cusp of promotion to captain; by modern standards, he might rank with any army rank between second lieutenant and lieutenant colonel. As the rank structure of navies stabilized, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant came to rank with an army captain (NATO OF-2 or US O-3).
The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761 |title=Uniforms and Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website |access-date=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012070139/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761 |archive-date=2008-10-12 }}</ref> consists of two medium [[gold braid]] stripes (top stripe with loop) on a [[navy blue]] or black background. This pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various Air Forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the loop is removed (see [[flight lieutenant]]).
<gallery>
File:French Navy-Rama NG-OF1b.svg|France
File:GR-Navy-OF2.svg|Greece
File:IN Lieutenant.png|India
File:POR-Navy-primeiro-tenente.png|Portugal
File:US Navy O3 insignia.svg|US
</gallery>
==="First lieutenant" in naval use===
The first lieutenant in the [[Royal Navy]] and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Historically the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the "first lieutenant" and acting as the [[second-in-command]]. Although lieutenants are no longer numbered by seniority, the post of "first lieutenant" remains. In minor war vessels, [[destroyer]]s and [[frigate]]s the first lieutenant (either a lieutenant or lieutenant-commander) is second in command, [[executive officer]] (XO) and head of the executive branch; in larger ships where a commander of the warfare specialization is appointed as the executive officer, a first lieutenant (normally a lieutenant-commander) is appointed as his deputy. The post of first lieutenant in a [[shore establishment]] carries a similar responsibility to the first lieutenant of a [[capital ship]].
In the U.S. Navy or U.S. Coast Guard the billet of first lieutenant describes the officer in charge of the [[deck department]] or division, depending upon the size of the ship. In smaller ships with only a single deck division, the billet is typically filled by an ensign while in larger ships with a deck department, consisting of multiple subordinate divisions, the billet may be filled by a lieutenant commander. On submarines and smaller Coast Guard cutters the billet of first lieutenant may be filled by a [[petty officer]].
===Sub-lieutenant===
{{Main|Sub-lieutenant}}
In the Royal Navy, the commissioned rank of mate was created in 1840, and was renamed sub-lieutenant in 1860. In the US Navy, the rank was called [[Master (naval)|master]] until 1883, when it was renamed [[lieutenant, junior grade]]. In many navies, a sub-lieutenant is a naval [[commissioned officer|commissioned]] or [[subordinate officer]], ranking below a lieutenant, but in Brazil it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain it is the second highest non-commissioned rank. In Portugal, sub-lieutenant is the rank of a junior naval officer graduated from a civil university or promoted from a NCO rank, while the equivalent rank of an officer graduated in the naval academy is designated midshipman.
<gallery>
File:Generic-Navy-O2.svg|Canada
File:IN Sublieutenant.png|India
File:POR-Navy-guarda-marinha.png|Portugal
File:Generic-Navy-O1.svg|UK
</gallery>
==Marine rank==
{{See also|United States Marine Corps officer rank insignia}}
The [[United States Marine Corps]] and British [[Royal Marines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009 |title=RM Officers & Other Ranks Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website |access-date=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007021455/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009 |archive-date=2008-10-07 }}</ref> both use army ranks, while many former Eastern-Bloc marine forces retain the naval form{{clarify|date=February 2010|reason=which ones exactly? Russia/USSR have been used army ranks all along}}. Before 1999 the Royal Marines enjoyed the same rank structure as the army, but at a grade higher; thus a Royal Marine captain ranked with and was paid the same as a British Army major. This historical remnant caused increasing confusion in multi-national operations and was abolished.
==Air force rank==
{{Main|RAF officer ranks|United States Air Force officer rank insignia|Canadian Forces ranks and insignia}}
While some air forces use the army rank system, the British [[Royal Air Force]] and many other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] air forces use another rank system in which [[flight lieutenant]] ranks with an army captain and naval lieutenant, a [[flying officer]] ranks with an army lieutenant and a [[pilot officer]] with an army second lieutenant.
{|
!colspan=2|NATO OF-2 / US O-3
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:RAAF O3 rank.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Flight Lieutenant of IAF.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Thai air O2.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:British RAF OF-2.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Australian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| Indian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| Thai<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| UK<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
|-
|<!-- white space --><br />
|-
!colspan=2|NATO OF-1a / US O-2
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:1tenente fab.gif|100x50px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:CDN-Air Force-Lieutenant (OF1A)-2015.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Teniente de la FAM.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Porucznik Lotnicze.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SAAF-OF-1b.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Tte-ea.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SWE-Airforce-löjtnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:US Air Force O2 shoulderboard.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Brazil<br />Primeiro Tenente<br />
| Canada<br />Lieutenant<br />
| Germany<br />Oberleutnant<br />
| Mexico<br />Teniente<br />
| Poland<br />Porucznik
| Romania<br />Locotenent<br />
| South Africa<br />Lieutenant<br />
| Spain<br />Teniente<br />
| Sweden<br />Löjtnant
| US<br />First<br />Lieutenant
|-
|<!-- white space --><br />
|-
!colspan=2|NATO OF-1b / US O-1
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:2tenente fab.gif|100x50px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:CDN-Air Force-2nd Lieutenant (OF1B)-2015.svg|50x100px]]
<!-- -->| [[File:Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Subteniente FAM.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Podporucznik Lotnicze.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SAAF-OF-1a.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Alf-ea.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SWE-Airforce-fänrik.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US Air Force O1 shoulderboard.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Brazil<br />Segundo Tenente<br />
| Canada<br />Second<br />lieutenant
| Germany<br />Leutnant<br />
| Mexico<br />Subteniente<br />
| Poland<br />Podporucznik<br />
| Romania<br />Sublocotenent<br />
| South Africa<br />Second Lieutenant<br />
| Spain<br />Alférez<br />
| Sweden<br />Fänrik<br />
| US<br />Second<br />lieutenant
|}
In the US Air Force, the Third Lieutenant Program refers specifically to a training program at active duty air force bases for cadets of the [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] and [[Air Force ROTC]] the summer before their fourth and final year before graduation and commissioning. A single silver or subdued pip is used to designate this rank.
The Royal Air Force also has an [[acting pilot officer]] designation, the most junior commissioned rank in the British armed forces. It is functionally equivalent to third lieutenant (OF-1c / O-0).
==Police rank==
{{Main|Police rank}}
===France and the French Union===
The first French Lieutenant of Police, [[Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie]], was appointed in Paris by Louis XIV on 15 March 1667 to command a reformed police force. He was later elevated to [[Prefecture of Police|Lieutenant-General of Police]]. In the 17th century, the term "lieutenant" corresponded to "deputy" (i.e. a person appointed to carry out a task). La Reynie was the deputy for policing duties of the Provost of Paris, the ceremonial representative of the King in Paris. In 1995, the rank of ''lieutenant'' was introduced in the [[National Police (France)|National Police]] as the first rank of the police officers scale.
===United Kingdom and Commonwealth police forces===
The rank of Lieutenant was formerly used in areas outside of the Metropolitan Police. The adoption of standardized ranks across the United Kingdom has eliminated its use. A number of city and burgh police forces in [[Scotland]] used the rank of lieutenant (and detective lieutenant) between inspector and superintendent from 1812 to 1948. It was replaced by the rank of [[chief inspector]].<ref>Report of the Committee of Inquiry on the Police, 1978</ref> The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (founded 1871) had the rank of lieutenant between staff sergeant and inspector until 1997. In Australia, Queensland's first police force (founded 1864) had second lieutenants and lieutenants between the ranks of sergeant and inspector-general.
===United States police forces===
The rank of police lieutenant is used in most medium or large police departments in the United States, where it is one rank above sergeant and two ranks above a regular police officer (three in departments with a corporal rank). It is roughly equivalent to an [[inspector]] in British police forces and staff sergeant in Canadian police forces. The usual role of a lieutenant is to carry out administrative duties and assist precinct commanders (normally a Captain, or sometimes the local police chiefs). In smaller police departments, they may command a precinct itself. Lieutenants either command a watch (8-hour "shift") of regular officers or a special unit for operations or investigations (like a Robbery-Homicide squad). The typical rank insignia for a lieutenant is a single silver bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps First Lieutenant) or a single gold bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps Second Lieutenant). Some police departments split the rank of lieutenant into two separate grades.
===Other Nations===
{|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- Bangladesh -->
[[File:ASP Rank Badge.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- Brazil --> [[File:Insignia PM O6.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- Brazil --> [[File:Insignia PM O5.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- India --> [[File:Assistant SP IPS 2.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- Poland --> [[File:POL policja komisarz.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- Romania --> [[File:Inspector.png|100x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- RUSSIA --> [[File:Russian police lieutenant.png|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Bangladeshi<br />Assistant <br />Superintendent
|Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
|Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />1st Lieutenant
|Indian<br />Assistant<br />Superintendent
|Polish<br />Policja<br />Komisarz
|Romanian<br />Inspector
|US Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
|US Police<br />1st Lieutenant
|Russian<br />Police<br />Lieutenant
|}
==Fire services rank==
{{Main|Firefighter#Ranks|l1=Firefighter Ranks}}
=== Singapore ===
In the [[Singapore Civil Defence Force]], the rank of lieutenant (LTA) is the second-lowest [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] rank. The rank insignia of LTA is two pips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmpb.gov.sg/web/portal/cmpb/home/life-in-ns/saf/ranks-and-drill-commands|title=CMPB {{!}} Ranks and drill commands|website=Central Manpower Base (CMPB)|language=en|access-date=2018-11-27}}</ref>
==Other uses==
=== Countries ===
The [[British monarch]]'s representatives in the counties of the [[United Kingdom]] are called [[Lord Lieutenant|Lords Lieutenant]]. The [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] performed the function of [[viceroy]] in [[Ireland]]. In [[History of France|French history]], "lieutenant du roi" was a title borne by the officer sent with military powers to represent the king in certain provinces. It is in the sense of a deputy that it has entered into the titles of more senior officers, [[lieutenant general]] and [[lieutenant colonel]]. In Canada the representative of the Canadian monarch in each of the Canadian provinces is called the Lieutenant Governor. The Lieutenant Governor exercises all the royal prerogative powers that the monarch holds.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
=== The Salvation Army ===
The [[Salvation Army]] also uses lieutenant to denote first time officers, or clergymen/women.
=== The Boys' Brigade ===
Leaders, or officers of the Boys' Brigade, particularly in the United Kingdom, are ranked as lieutenants after having completed their formal training, before which they are ranked as warrant officers. Officers serving in staff or command posts are awarded the "brevet" rank of captain, these officers then revert to their lieutenancy after having completed their tour of duty.
=== National Civil Defence Cadet Corps ===
The rank of cadet lieutenant (CLT) is given to officer cadet trainees who have passed their officer's course. The rank insignia of CLT is a pip and a bar below it. CLTs may be promoted to the rank of senior cadet lieutenant (S/CLT), which has a rank insignia of a pip and two bars below it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniforminsignia.org/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=3489|title=National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC) / National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC)|website=www.uniforminsignia.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-11-26}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Captain lieutenant]]
*[[Military rank]]
*[[Comparative military ranks]]
<!--
==Notes==
<references group=nb/> -->
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|lieutenant}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Military ranks]]
[[Category:Naval ranks]]
[[Category:Police ranks]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Leutnant]], the more junior OF1/OF1b rank in Austrian, German and Swiss forces}}
{{redirect|Tenente|the bridge|Rooster Bridge}}
{{Military ranks}}
A '''lieutenant''' ({{IPAc-en|uk|l|E|f|'|t|E|n|@n|t}} {{Respell|lef|TEN|ənt}} or {{IPAc-en|us|l|u:|'|t|E|n|@n|t}} {{Respell|loo|TEN|ənt}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|author-link=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=3 April 2008|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref> abbreviated '''Lt.''', '''Lt''', '''LT''', '''Lieut''' and similar) is in some cases, the junior-most [[commissioned officer]] in the [[armed forces]], [[fire services]], [[police]], and other organizations of many nations.
The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see [[comparative military ranks]]), but is often subdivided into senior ([[first lieutenant]]) and junior ([[second lieutenant]] and even third lieutenant) ranks. In navies, it is often equivalent to the army rank of captain; it may also indicate a particular post rather than a rank. The rank is also used in [[fire service]]s, [[emergency medical services]], [[Security agency|security services]] and [[police]] forces.
Lieutenant may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is "[[second-in-command]]", and as such, may precede the name of the rank directly above it. For example, a "lieutenant master" is likely to be second-in-command to the "master" in an organisation using both ranks.
Political uses include [[lieutenant governor]] in various governments, and [[Quebec lieutenant]] in [[Politics of Canada|Canadian politics]]. In the [[United Kingdom]], a [[lord lieutenant]] is the sovereign's representative in a county or [[lieutenancy area]], while a [[deputy lieutenant]] is one of the lord lieutenant's deputies.
==Etymology==
The word ''lieutenant'' derives from [[French language|French]]; the ''lieu'' meaning "place" as in a position ([[cf.]] [[wikt:in lieu of|in lieu of]]); and ''tenant'' meaning "holding" as in "holding a position"; thus a "lieutenant" is a placeholder for a superior, during their absence (compare the Latin ''[[locum tenens]]'').
In the 19th century, British writers who considered this word either an imposition on the English language, or difficult for common soldiers and sailors, argued for it to be replaced by the [[calque]] "steadholder". However, their efforts failed, and the French word is still used, along with its many variations (e.g. [[lieutenant colonel]], [[lieutenant general]], [[lieutenant commander]], [[flight lieutenant]], [[second lieutenant]] and many non-English language examples), in both the [[Old World|Old]] and the [[New World]].{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
===Pronunciation===
Pronunciation of ''lieutenant'' is generally split between the forms {{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-lieutenant.ogg|l|ɛ|f|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} {{respell|lef|TEN|ənt}} and {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-lieutenant.ogg|l|uː|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} {{respell|loo|TEN|ənt}}, with the former generally associated with the armies of [[British Commonwealth]] countries and the [[Republic of Ireland]]; and the latter generally associated with anyone from the United States.<ref name="ahd">[[American Heritage Dictionary]], s.v. [http://www.bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html "Lieutenant"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012150158/http://bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html |date=2007-10-12 }}</ref> The early history of the pronunciation is unclear; [[Middle English]] spellings suggest that both proununciations may have existed even then.<ref name="oed">[[Oxford English Dictionary]].</ref> The majority of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century sources show pronunciations with /v/ or /f/, but [[William Bullokar|Bullokar]] has /liu/.<ref>{{cite book |title=English Pronunciation 1500-1700 |first=E. J. |last=Dobson |volume=ii |edition=second |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |year=1968 |orig-year=1957 |page=1009}}</ref>
The rare [[Old French]] variant spelling ''luef'' for [[Modern French]] ''lieu'' ('place') supports the suggestion that a final {{IPA|[u]}} of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an {{IPA|[f]}}.<ref name="oed" /> Furthermore, in Latin, the ''lingua franca'' of the era, the letter v is used for both u and v.
In [[Royal Navy|Royal Naval]] tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation {{IPAc-en|audio=Lieutenant Pronunciation Reduced.ogg|l|ə|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t}} is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] (although the RN pronunciation was included in editions of OED up until the 1970s).
==Army ranks==
Conventionally, armies and other services or branches that use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Historically, the "lieutenant" was the deputy to a "captain", and as the rank structure of armies began to formalise, this came to mean that a [[Captain (Land)|captain]] commanded a [[company (military unit)|company]] and had several lieutenants, each commanding a [[platoon]]. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by many names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] and [[Cornet (military rank)|cornet]]. Some parts of the [[British Army]], including the [[Royal Artillery]], [[Royal Engineers]] and [[fusilier]] [[regiment]]s, used first lieutenant as well as second lieutenant until the end of the 19th century, and some British Army regiments still preserve cornet as an official alternative to second lieutenant.
===Lieutenant===
{{Main|First lieutenant}}
{{see also|Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)}}
The Lieutenant ranks are
Second Lieutenant
First Lieutenant
Lieutenant Colonel (Not a real Lieutenant)
Lieutenant General (Not a real Lieutenant)
==Naval rank==
{{Navalranks}}
===Lieutenant commander===
{{Main|Lieutenant commander}}
Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain: such a lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy, and a "lieutenant in command" or "lieutenant and commander" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862, and made it a distinct rank; the Royal Navy followed suit in March 1914. The insignia of an additional half-thickness stripe between the two full stripes of a lieutenant was introduced in 1877 for a Royal Navy lieutenant of 8 years seniority, and used for lieutenant commanders upon introduction of their rank.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm#Ltcdr |title=Officer Ranks in the Royal Navy – Lieutenant Commander |publisher=Royal Naval Museum |access-date=2008-10-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015812/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm |archive-date=2014-10-11 }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:GR-Navy-OF3.svg|Greece
File:POR-Navy-OF3.svg|Portugal
File:U.S. Navy O-4 insignia.svg|US
</gallery>
===Lieutenant===
{{main|Lieutenant (navy)}}
During the early days of the naval rank, a lieutenant might be very junior indeed, or might be on the cusp of promotion to captain; by modern standards, he might rank with any army rank between second lieutenant and lieutenant colonel. As the rank structure of navies stabilized, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant came to rank with an army captain (NATO OF-2 or US O-3).
The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761 |title=Uniforms and Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website |access-date=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012070139/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761 |archive-date=2008-10-12 }}</ref> consists of two medium [[gold braid]] stripes (top stripe with loop) on a [[navy blue]] or black background. This pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various Air Forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the loop is removed (see [[flight lieutenant]]).
<gallery>
File:French Navy-Rama NG-OF1b.svg|France
File:GR-Navy-OF2.svg|Greece
File:IN Lieutenant.png|India
File:POR-Navy-primeiro-tenente.png|Portugal
File:US Navy O3 insignia.svg|US
</gallery>
==="First lieutenant" in naval use===
The first lieutenant in the [[Royal Navy]] and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Historically the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the "first lieutenant" and acting as the [[second-in-command]]. Although lieutenants are no longer numbered by seniority, the post of "first lieutenant" remains. In minor war vessels, [[destroyer]]s and [[frigate]]s the first lieutenant (either a lieutenant or lieutenant-commander) is second in command, [[executive officer]] (XO) and head of the executive branch; in larger ships where a commander of the warfare specialization is appointed as the executive officer, a first lieutenant (normally a lieutenant-commander) is appointed as his deputy. The post of first lieutenant in a [[shore establishment]] carries a similar responsibility to the first lieutenant of a [[capital ship]].
In the U.S. Navy or U.S. Coast Guard the billet of first lieutenant describes the officer in charge of the [[deck department]] or division, depending upon the size of the ship. In smaller ships with only a single deck division, the billet is typically filled by an ensign while in larger ships with a deck department, consisting of multiple subordinate divisions, the billet may be filled by a lieutenant commander. On submarines and smaller Coast Guard cutters the billet of first lieutenant may be filled by a [[petty officer]].
===Sub-lieutenant===
{{Main|Sub-lieutenant}}
In the Royal Navy, the commissioned rank of mate was created in 1840, and was renamed sub-lieutenant in 1860. In the US Navy, the rank was called [[Master (naval)|master]] until 1883, when it was renamed [[lieutenant, junior grade]]. In many navies, a sub-lieutenant is a naval [[commissioned officer|commissioned]] or [[subordinate officer]], ranking below a lieutenant, but in Brazil it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain it is the second highest non-commissioned rank. In Portugal, sub-lieutenant is the rank of a junior naval officer graduated from a civil university or promoted from a NCO rank, while the equivalent rank of an officer graduated in the naval academy is designated midshipman.
<gallery>
File:Generic-Navy-O2.svg|Canada
File:IN Sublieutenant.png|India
File:POR-Navy-guarda-marinha.png|Portugal
File:Generic-Navy-O1.svg|UK
</gallery>
==Marine rank==
{{See also|United States Marine Corps officer rank insignia}}
The [[United States Marine Corps]] and British [[Royal Marines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009 |title=RM Officers & Other Ranks Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website |access-date=2008-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007021455/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009 |archive-date=2008-10-07 }}</ref> both use army ranks, while many former Eastern-Bloc marine forces retain the naval form{{clarify|date=February 2010|reason=which ones exactly? Russia/USSR have been used army ranks all along}}. Before 1999 the Royal Marines enjoyed the same rank structure as the army, but at a grade higher; thus a Royal Marine captain ranked with and was paid the same as a British Army major. This historical remnant caused increasing confusion in multi-national operations and was abolished.
==Air force rank==
{{Main|RAF officer ranks|United States Air Force officer rank insignia|Canadian Forces ranks and insignia}}
While some air forces use the army rank system, the British [[Royal Air Force]] and many other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] air forces use another rank system in which [[flight lieutenant]] ranks with an army captain and naval lieutenant, a [[flying officer]] ranks with an army lieutenant and a [[pilot officer]] with an army second lieutenant.
{|
!colspan=2|NATO OF-2 / US O-3
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:RAAF O3 rank.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Flight Lieutenant of IAF.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Thai air O2.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:British RAF OF-2.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Australian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| Indian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| Thai<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
| UK<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
|-
|<!-- white space --><br />
|-
!colspan=2|NATO OF-1a / US O-2
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:1tenente fab.gif|100x50px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:CDN-Air Force-Lieutenant (OF1A)-2015.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Teniente de la FAM.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Porucznik Lotnicze.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SAAF-OF-1b.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Tte-ea.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SWE-Airforce-löjtnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:US Air Force O2 shoulderboard.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Brazil<br />Primeiro Tenente<br />
| Canada<br />Lieutenant<br />
| Germany<br />Oberleutnant<br />
| Mexico<br />Teniente<br />
| Poland<br />Porucznik
| Romania<br />Locotenent<br />
| South Africa<br />Lieutenant<br />
| Spain<br />Teniente<br />
| Sweden<br />Löjtnant
| US<br />First<br />Lieutenant
|-
|<!-- white space --><br />
|-
!colspan=2|NATO OF-1b / US O-1
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- --> [[File:2tenente fab.gif|100x50px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:CDN-Air Force-2nd Lieutenant (OF1B)-2015.svg|50x100px]]
<!-- -->| [[File:Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Subteniente FAM.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Podporucznik Lotnicze.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SAAF-OF-1a.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:Alf-ea.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- --> [[File:SWE-Airforce-fänrik.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US Air Force O1 shoulderboard.svg|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Brazil<br />Segundo Tenente<br />
| Canada<br />Second<br />lieutenant
| Germany<br />Leutnant<br />
| Mexico<br />Subteniente<br />
| Poland<br />Podporucznik<br />
| Romania<br />Sublocotenent<br />
| South Africa<br />Second Lieutenant<br />
| Spain<br />Alférez<br />
| Sweden<br />Fänrik<br />
| US<br />Second<br />lieutenant
|}
In the US Air Force, the Third Lieutenant Program refers specifically to a training program at active duty air force bases for cadets of the [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] and [[Air Force ROTC]] the summer before their fourth and final year before graduation and commissioning. A single silver or subdued pip is used to designate this rank.
The Royal Air Force also has an [[acting pilot officer]] designation, the most junior commissioned rank in the British armed forces. It is functionally equivalent to third lieutenant (OF-1c / O-0).
==Police rank==
{{Main|Police rank}}
===France and the French Union===
The first French Lieutenant of Police, [[Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie]], was appointed in Paris by Louis XIV on 15 March 1667 to command a reformed police force. He was later elevated to [[Prefecture of Police|Lieutenant-General of Police]]. In the 17th century, the term "lieutenant" corresponded to "deputy" (i.e. a person appointed to carry out a task). La Reynie was the deputy for policing duties of the Provost of Paris, the ceremonial representative of the King in Paris. In 1995, the rank of ''lieutenant'' was introduced in the [[National Police (France)|National Police]] as the first rank of the police officers scale.
===United Kingdom and Commonwealth police forces===
The rank of Lieutenant was formerly used in areas outside of the Metropolitan Police. The adoption of standardized ranks across the United Kingdom has eliminated its use. A number of city and burgh police forces in [[Scotland]] used the rank of lieutenant (and detective lieutenant) between inspector and superintendent from 1812 to 1948. It was replaced by the rank of [[chief inspector]].<ref>Report of the Committee of Inquiry on the Police, 1978</ref> The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (founded 1871) had the rank of lieutenant between staff sergeant and inspector until 1997. In Australia, Queensland's first police force (founded 1864) had second lieutenants and lieutenants between the ranks of sergeant and inspector-general.
===United States police forces===
The rank of police lieutenant is used in most medium or large police departments in the United States, where it is one rank above sergeant and two ranks above a regular police officer (three in departments with a corporal rank). It is roughly equivalent to an [[inspector]] in British police forces and staff sergeant in Canadian police forces. The usual role of a lieutenant is to carry out administrative duties and assist precinct commanders (normally a Captain, or sometimes the local police chiefs). In smaller police departments, they may command a precinct itself. Lieutenants either command a watch (8-hour "shift") of regular officers or a special unit for operations or investigations (like a Robbery-Homicide squad). The typical rank insignia for a lieutenant is a single silver bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps First Lieutenant) or a single gold bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps Second Lieutenant). Some police departments split the rank of lieutenant into two separate grades.
===Other Nations===
{|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<!-- Bangladesh -->
[[File:ASP Rank Badge.gif|50x100px]]
|<!-- Brazil --> [[File:Insignia PM O6.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- Brazil --> [[File:Insignia PM O5.PNG|50x100px]]
|<!-- India --> [[File:Assistant SP IPS 2.png|50x100px]]
|<!-- Poland --> [[File:POL policja komisarz.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- Romania --> [[File:Inspector.png|100x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- US --> [[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|50x100px]]
|<!-- RUSSIA --> [[File:Russian police lieutenant.png|50x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Bangladeshi<br />Assistant <br />Superintendent
|Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
|Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />1st Lieutenant
|Indian<br />Assistant<br />Superintendent
|Polish<br />Policja<br />Komisarz
|Romanian<br />Inspector
|US Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
|US Police<br />1st Lieutenant
|Russian<br />Police<br />Lieutenant
|}
==Fire services rank==
{{Main|Firefighter#Ranks|l1=Firefighter Ranks}}
=== Singapore ===
In the [[Singapore Civil Defence Force]], the rank of lieutenant (LTA) is the second-lowest [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] rank. The rank insignia of LTA is two pips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmpb.gov.sg/web/portal/cmpb/home/life-in-ns/saf/ranks-and-drill-commands|title=CMPB {{!}} Ranks and drill commands|website=Central Manpower Base (CMPB)|language=en|access-date=2018-11-27}}</ref>
==Other uses==
=== Countries ===
The [[British monarch]]'s representatives in the counties of the [[United Kingdom]] are called [[Lord Lieutenant|Lords Lieutenant]]. The [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] performed the function of [[viceroy]] in [[Ireland]]. In [[History of France|French history]], "lieutenant du roi" was a title borne by the officer sent with military powers to represent the king in certain provinces. It is in the sense of a deputy that it has entered into the titles of more senior officers, [[lieutenant general]] and [[lieutenant colonel]]. In Canada the representative of the Canadian monarch in each of the Canadian provinces is called the Lieutenant Governor. The Lieutenant Governor exercises all the royal prerogative powers that the monarch holds.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
=== The Salvation Army ===
The [[Salvation Army]] also uses lieutenant to denote first time officers, or clergymen/women.
=== The Boys' Brigade ===
Leaders, or officers of the Boys' Brigade, particularly in the United Kingdom, are ranked as lieutenants after having completed their formal training, before which they are ranked as warrant officers. Officers serving in staff or command posts are awarded the "brevet" rank of captain, these officers then revert to their lieutenancy after having completed their tour of duty.
=== National Civil Defence Cadet Corps ===
The rank of cadet lieutenant (CLT) is given to officer cadet trainees who have passed their officer's course. The rank insignia of CLT is a pip and a bar below it. CLTs may be promoted to the rank of senior cadet lieutenant (S/CLT), which has a rank insignia of a pip and two bars below it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniforminsignia.org/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=3489|title=National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC) / National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC)|website=www.uniforminsignia.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-11-26}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Captain lieutenant]]
*[[Military rank]]
*[[Comparative military ranks]]
<!--
==Notes==
<references group=nb/> -->
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|lieutenant}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Military ranks]]
[[Category:Naval ranks]]
[[Category:Police ranks]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -29,125 +29,15 @@
{{Main|First lieutenant}}
{{see also|Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)}}
-The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in the [[United States]], and as lieutenant in the [[United Kingdom]] and the rest of the [[English language|English-speaking]] world. In countries that do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as "lieutenant", but may also translate as "first lieutenant" or "senior lieutenant". The Israel Defense Forces rank ''segen'' (סגן) literally translates as "deputy", which is equivalent to a lieutenant. In the Finnish military there is a [[senior lieutenant]] grade that ranks above lieutenant and second lieutenant but below captain; it does not have an English equivalent. In Germany it is called [[Oberleutnant]] (high-lieutenant).
-There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.
-<gallery>
-File:Australian Army OF-1b.svg|<center>Australia</center>
-File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1b.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>
-File:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Lieutenant Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>
-File:Primeiro-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Primeiro Tenente'')</center>
-File:Cdn-Army-Lt(OF-1A)-2014.svg|Canada
-File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01b.svg|Egypt
-File:Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|French ONF
-File:Army-FRA-OF-01a.svg|France
-File:Georgia Army OF-2.png|Georgia
-File:221-Oberleutnant.png|Germany
-File:Army-GRE-OF-01a.svg|Greece
-File:Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|India
-File:14-TNI Army-1LT.svg|Indonesia
-File:Sotvan 1.png|Iran
-File:IE-Army-OF1a.png|Ireland
-File:IDF segen.svg|Israel
-File:Rank insignia of tenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy
-File:JASDF First Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|JASDF]])
-File:DPRK-Navy-OF-1c.svg|Korea, North <small>([[Korean People's Navy|Navy]], [[senior lieutenant]])</small>
-File:ROKMC-OF-1b.svg|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Marine Corps|Marine]])
-File:Porucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia
-File:Mexican Military Teniente.gif|Mexico
-File:Army-POL-OF-01a.svg|Poland
-File:OF-1(B) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan
-File:RO-Army-OF1a.png|Romania
-File:RAF A F1FstLt 2010.png|Russia <small>([[senior lieutenant]])</small>
-File:SAA-OF-1b.svg|South Africa
-File:SWE-Löjtnant.svg|Sweden
-File:RTA_OF-1b_(Lieutenant).svg|Thailand
-File:British Army OF-1b.svg|United Kingdom
-File:US-OF1A.svg|United States
-File:PTTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]
-</gallery>
-====Second lieutenant====
-{{Main|Second lieutenant}}
-Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer. In most cases, newly commissioned officers do not remain at the rank for long before being promoted, and both university graduates and officers commissioned from the ranks may skip the rank altogether.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} In non-English-speaking countries, the equivalent rank title may translate as "second lieutenant", "lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "junior lieutenant". Non-English terms include ''alferes'' (Portuguese Army and Air Force), ''alférez'' (Spanish Army and Air Force), ''fänrik'' ([[Swedish Armed Forces]]), ''ensign'', ''Leutnant'' (German Army), ''letnan'' ([[Indonesian National Armed Forces]]), ''poručík'' ([[Army of the Czech Republic|Czech Army]]), ''segen mishne'' ([[Israel Defense Forces]]) or ''løjtnant'' (Danish Army).
-<gallery>
-File:Australian Army OF-1a.svg|<center>Australia</center>
-File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1a.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>
-File:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_Lieutenant_Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>
-File:Segundo-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Segundo Tenente'')</center>
-File:Cdn-Army-2Lt(OF-1)-2014.svg|Canada
-File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01a.svg|Egypt
-File:Sous-Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|France
-File:Georgia Army OF-1b.png|Georgia
-File:211-Leutnant.png|Germany
-File:Army-GRE-OF-01b.svg|Greece
-File:13-TNI Army-2LT.svg|Indonesia
-File:Sotvan 2.png|Iran
-File:IE-Army-OF1b.png|Ireland
-File:IDF segen mishne.svg|Israel
-File:Rank insignia of sottotenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy
-File:JGSDF Second Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|JGSDF]])
-File:DPRK-Army-OF-1a.svg|Korea, North ([[Korean People's Army|Army]])
-File:소위.JPG|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Air Force|Air Force]])
-File:Potporucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia
-File:Mexican Military Subteniente.gif|Mexico
-File:Army-POL-OF-01b.svg|Poland
-File:OF-1(A) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan
-File:RO-Army-OF1b.png|Romania
-File:SAA-OF-1a.svg|South Africa
-File:SWE-Fänrik.svg|Sweden
-File:RTA_OF-1a_(Sub_Lieutenant).svg|Thailand
-File:British Army OF-1a.svg|United Kingdom
-File:US-OF1B.svg|United States
-File:TTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]
+The Lieutenant ranks are
-</gallery>
+Second Lieutenant
-====Third lieutenant====
-<gallery>
-File:Rank insignia of младши лейтенант of the Bulgarian Army.png|<center>[[Bulgaria]]</center>
-File:Georgia Army OF-1a.png|<center>[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Georgian Land Forces|army]]</center>
-File:Sotvan 3.png|<center>[[Iran]]</center>
-File:RAF N F1c-MlLt 2010–.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Navy|navy]]</center>
-File:RAF A F1-3SubLt after2010.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Ground Forces|army]]/[[Strategic Missile Troops|RVSN]]</center>
-</gallery>
+First Lieutenant
-===Eastern European ranks===
-A few non-English-speaking militaries maintain a lower rank, frequently translated as "third lieutenant" OF1c. The rank title may actually translate as "second lieutenant", "junior lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "[[Ensign (rank)|ensign]]". [[Warsaw Pact]] countries (except Poland since 1957) standardised their ranking systems on the Soviet system. Some of the former Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations have now discarded the third rank while many retain it like Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia. Other nations use the term "senior ''poruchik''" or "''nadporuchik''" (OF1a), "''poruchik''" (OF1b), and "junior ''poruchik''" or "''podporuchik''" (OF1c).
+Lieutenant Colonel (Not a real Lieutenant)
-===Russia===<!--[[Mladshy leytenant]] redirects here-->
-The [[Soviet Union]] used the three ranks [[senior lieutenant]] (старший лейтенант; ''starshy leytenant'' - OF1a), lieutenant (лейтенант; ''leytenant'' - OF1b), and junior lieutenant (мла́дший лейтенант; ''mladshy leytenant'' - OF1c). The armed forces of the Russian Federation inherited this rank structure. If military personnel serve in a guards formation, or on a guards warship, the rank designation will be preceded by the word "guards" (e.g. "guards junior lieutenant"). For civil or military personnel in the medical or judicial professions, the military rank will be preceded by the words "legal" or "medical service".
-
-{| class=wikitable
-|-
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| '''gorget patch''' <small>(1935 – 1940/43)</small> ||
-| style="text-align:center;" colspan="6"| '''Army shoulder straps'''
-|- align=center
-| [[File:Red Army Lt col 1943v.png|40px]]
-| [[File:RA A-arm Lt 1943.png|40px]]
-| [[File:Red Air Force Leytenant 1943v.png|40px]]
-|
-| [[File:RA-SA A-inf F1-2Lt 1955.png|45px]]
-| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt since 2010par.svg|45px]]
-| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt 2010.png|40px]]
-| [[File:Lejtinant.png|48px]]
-| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt after2010.png|40px]]
-| [[File:10lt.png|45px]]
-|- style="text-align:center;"
-| Army
-| Armoured<br />troops
-| Air Force
-|
-| (1946–1955)
-| (1955–1994)
-| (until 2010)
-| (since 1994)
-| (since 1994)
-| (since 1994)
-|}
-
-===United States ranks===
-In March 1813, the US Army created the rank of third lieutenant. The rank was used as the entry level officer rank for the Ordnance Department and the Corps of Artillery until March 1821.<ref>p.970 Tucker, Spencer C. ''The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History'' [3 volumes] ABC-CLIO, 25 Apr 2012</ref> Throughout the 19th century and until as late as World War II<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Text Citations For Award of The Distinguished Service Cross |url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/army_a.html |quote=The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) to Baltazar Adona, Third Lieutenant, U.S. Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against a hostile force in the Philippine Islands. Third Lieutenant Adona distinguished himself by intrepid actions from 10 to 16 December 1941 while serving with the Philippine Scouts |access-date=27 July 2009}}</ref> the [[United States Army]] sometimes referred to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] [[second lieutenant]]s as "third lieutenants". These were typically newly commissioned officers for which no authorized second lieutenant position existed. Additionally, the [[Confederate States Army]] also used "third lieutenant", typically as the lowest ranking commissioned officer in an infantry company.
-
-Notably, the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service]] used a simple officer rank structure with Captain, First, Second and Third Lieutenants, each of whom had distinct insignia. The title of Third Lieutenant, essentially equal to the rank of [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]], existed until 1915 when the Service became the nucleus of the new [[United States Coast Guard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/usrcsuniforms1908.pdf|title=United States Revenue Marine Uniforms & Devices to 1908}}</ref> Because of the time required to fully establish this organization the rank continued for some time afterwards; the first Coast Guard aviator, [[Elmer F. Stone]], was a third lieutenant until 1918.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909020021/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/Elmer%20Stone%20Book_1.pdf Commander Elmer F. "Archie" Stone, USCG Coast Guard Aviator #1]</ref>
+Lieutenant General (Not a real Lieutenant)
==Naval rank==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 21744 |
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Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -10050 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => 'The Lieutenant ranks are',
1 => 'Second Lieutenant ',
2 => 'First Lieutenant ',
3 => 'Lieutenant Colonel (Not a real Lieutenant)',
4 => 'Lieutenant General (Not a real Lieutenant)'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => 'The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in the [[United States]], and as lieutenant in the [[United Kingdom]] and the rest of the [[English language|English-speaking]] world. In countries that do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as "lieutenant", but may also translate as "first lieutenant" or "senior lieutenant". The Israel Defense Forces rank ''segen'' (סגן) literally translates as "deputy", which is equivalent to a lieutenant. In the Finnish military there is a [[senior lieutenant]] grade that ranks above lieutenant and second lieutenant but below captain; it does not have an English equivalent. In Germany it is called [[Oberleutnant]] (high-lieutenant).',
1 => 'There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.',
2 => '<gallery>',
3 => 'File:Australian Army OF-1b.svg|<center>Australia</center>',
4 => 'File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1b.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>',
5 => 'File:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1st Lieutenant Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>',
6 => 'File:Primeiro-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Primeiro Tenente'')</center>',
7 => 'File:Cdn-Army-Lt(OF-1A)-2014.svg|Canada',
8 => 'File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01b.svg|Egypt',
9 => 'File:Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|French ONF',
10 => 'File:Army-FRA-OF-01a.svg|France',
11 => 'File:Georgia Army OF-2.png|Georgia',
12 => 'File:221-Oberleutnant.png|Germany',
13 => 'File:Army-GRE-OF-01a.svg|Greece',
14 => 'File:Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|India',
15 => 'File:14-TNI Army-1LT.svg|Indonesia',
16 => 'File:Sotvan 1.png|Iran',
17 => 'File:IE-Army-OF1a.png|Ireland',
18 => 'File:IDF segen.svg|Israel',
19 => 'File:Rank insignia of tenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy',
20 => 'File:JASDF First Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|JASDF]])',
21 => 'File:DPRK-Navy-OF-1c.svg|Korea, North <small>([[Korean People's Navy|Navy]], [[senior lieutenant]])</small>',
22 => 'File:ROKMC-OF-1b.svg|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Marine Corps|Marine]])',
23 => 'File:Porucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia',
24 => 'File:Mexican Military Teniente.gif|Mexico',
25 => 'File:Army-POL-OF-01a.svg|Poland',
26 => 'File:OF-1(B) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan',
27 => 'File:RO-Army-OF1a.png|Romania',
28 => 'File:RAF A F1FstLt 2010.png|Russia <small>([[senior lieutenant]])</small>',
29 => 'File:SAA-OF-1b.svg|South Africa',
30 => 'File:SWE-Löjtnant.svg|Sweden',
31 => 'File:RTA_OF-1b_(Lieutenant).svg|Thailand',
32 => 'File:British Army OF-1b.svg|United Kingdom',
33 => 'File:US-OF1A.svg|United States',
34 => 'File:PTTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]',
35 => '</gallery>',
36 => '====Second lieutenant====',
37 => '{{Main|Second lieutenant}}',
38 => 'Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer. In most cases, newly commissioned officers do not remain at the rank for long before being promoted, and both university graduates and officers commissioned from the ranks may skip the rank altogether.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} In non-English-speaking countries, the equivalent rank title may translate as "second lieutenant", "lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "junior lieutenant". Non-English terms include ''alferes'' (Portuguese Army and Air Force), ''alférez'' (Spanish Army and Air Force), ''fänrik'' ([[Swedish Armed Forces]]), ''ensign'', ''Leutnant'' (German Army), ''letnan'' ([[Indonesian National Armed Forces]]), ''poručík'' ([[Army of the Czech Republic|Czech Army]]), ''segen mishne'' ([[Israel Defense Forces]]) or ''løjtnant'' (Danish Army).',
39 => '<gallery>',
40 => 'File:Australian Army OF-1a.svg|<center>Australia</center>',
41 => 'File:Bangladesh-army-OF-1a.svg|<center>Bangladesh</center>',
42 => 'File:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_Lieutenant_Insignia.svg|<center>Bosnia and Herzegovina</center>',
43 => 'File:Segundo-Tenente-V.gif|<center>[[Brazilian Army|Brazil]]<br />(''Segundo Tenente'')</center>',
44 => 'File:Cdn-Army-2Lt(OF-1)-2014.svg|Canada',
45 => 'File:Egypt_Army_-_OF01a.svg|Egypt',
46 => 'File:Sous-Lieutenant des Eaux et Forêts.png|France',
47 => 'File:Georgia Army OF-1b.png|Georgia',
48 => 'File:211-Leutnant.png|Germany',
49 => 'File:Army-GRE-OF-01b.svg|Greece',
50 => 'File:13-TNI Army-2LT.svg|Indonesia',
51 => 'File:Sotvan 2.png|Iran',
52 => 'File:IE-Army-OF1b.png|Ireland',
53 => 'File:IDF segen mishne.svg|Israel',
54 => 'File:Rank insignia of sottotenete of the Army of Italy (1973).svg|Italy',
55 => 'File:JGSDF Second Lieutenant insignia (b).svg|Japan ([[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|JGSDF]])',
56 => 'File:DPRK-Army-OF-1a.svg|Korea, North ([[Korean People's Army|Army]])',
57 => 'File:소위.JPG|Korea, South ([[Republic of Korea Air Force|Air Force]])',
58 => 'File:Potporucnik-arm-shoulder.png|North Macedonia',
59 => 'File:Mexican Military Subteniente.gif|Mexico',
60 => 'File:Army-POL-OF-01b.svg|Poland',
61 => 'File:OF-1(A) Pakistan Army.svg|Pakistan',
62 => 'File:RO-Army-OF1b.png|Romania',
63 => 'File:SAA-OF-1a.svg|South Africa',
64 => 'File:SWE-Fänrik.svg|Sweden',
65 => 'File:RTA_OF-1a_(Sub_Lieutenant).svg|Thailand',
66 => 'File:British Army OF-1a.svg|United Kingdom',
67 => 'File:US-OF1B.svg|United States',
68 => 'File:TTEEJB-GNB.png|[[Venezuelan_military_ranks|Venezuelan Army]]',
69 => '</gallery>',
70 => '====Third lieutenant====',
71 => '<gallery>',
72 => 'File:Rank insignia of младши лейтенант of the Bulgarian Army.png|<center>[[Bulgaria]]</center>',
73 => 'File:Georgia Army OF-1a.png|<center>[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Georgian Land Forces|army]]</center>',
74 => 'File:Sotvan 3.png|<center>[[Iran]]</center>',
75 => 'File:RAF N F1c-MlLt 2010–.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Navy|navy]]</center>',
76 => 'File:RAF A F1-3SubLt after2010.png|<center>[[Russia]]<br />[[junior lieutenant|junior lt.]] [[Russian Ground Forces|army]]/[[Strategic Missile Troops|RVSN]]</center>',
77 => '</gallery>',
78 => '===Eastern European ranks===',
79 => 'A few non-English-speaking militaries maintain a lower rank, frequently translated as "third lieutenant" OF1c. The rank title may actually translate as "second lieutenant", "junior lieutenant", "sub-lieutenant" or "[[Ensign (rank)|ensign]]". [[Warsaw Pact]] countries (except Poland since 1957) standardised their ranking systems on the Soviet system. Some of the former Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations have now discarded the third rank while many retain it like Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia. Other nations use the term "senior ''poruchik''" or "''nadporuchik''" (OF1a), "''poruchik''" (OF1b), and "junior ''poruchik''" or "''podporuchik''" (OF1c).',
80 => '===Russia===<!--[[Mladshy leytenant]] redirects here-->',
81 => 'The [[Soviet Union]] used the three ranks [[senior lieutenant]] (старший лейтенант; ''starshy leytenant'' - OF1a), lieutenant (лейтенант; ''leytenant'' - OF1b), and junior lieutenant (мла́дший лейтенант; ''mladshy leytenant'' - OF1c). The armed forces of the Russian Federation inherited this rank structure. If military personnel serve in a guards formation, or on a guards warship, the rank designation will be preceded by the word "guards" (e.g. "guards junior lieutenant"). For civil or military personnel in the medical or judicial professions, the military rank will be preceded by the words "legal" or "medical service".',
82 => '',
83 => '{| class=wikitable',
84 => '|-',
85 => '| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| '''gorget patch''' <small>(1935 – 1940/43)</small> ||',
86 => '| style="text-align:center;" colspan="6"| '''Army shoulder straps'''',
87 => '|- align=center',
88 => '| [[File:Red Army Lt col 1943v.png|40px]]',
89 => '| [[File:RA A-arm Lt 1943.png|40px]]',
90 => '| [[File:Red Air Force Leytenant 1943v.png|40px]]',
91 => '|',
92 => '| [[File:RA-SA A-inf F1-2Lt 1955.png|45px]]',
93 => '| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt since 2010par.svg|45px]]',
94 => '| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt 2010.png|40px]]',
95 => '| [[File:Lejtinant.png|48px]]',
96 => '| [[File:RAF A F1-2Lt after2010.png|40px]]',
97 => '| [[File:10lt.png|45px]]',
98 => '|- style="text-align:center;"',
99 => '| Army',
100 => '| Armoured<br />troops',
101 => '| Air Force',
102 => '|',
103 => '| (1946–1955)',
104 => '| (1955–1994)',
105 => '| (until 2010)',
106 => '| (since 1994)',
107 => '| (since 1994)',
108 => '| (since 1994)',
109 => '|}',
110 => '',
111 => '===United States ranks===',
112 => 'In March 1813, the US Army created the rank of third lieutenant. The rank was used as the entry level officer rank for the Ordnance Department and the Corps of Artillery until March 1821.<ref>p.970 Tucker, Spencer C. ''The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History'' [3 volumes] ABC-CLIO, 25 Apr 2012</ref> Throughout the 19th century and until as late as World War II<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Text Citations For Award of The Distinguished Service Cross |url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/army_a.html |quote=The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) to Baltazar Adona, Third Lieutenant, U.S. Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against a hostile force in the Philippine Islands. Third Lieutenant Adona distinguished himself by intrepid actions from 10 to 16 December 1941 while serving with the Philippine Scouts |access-date=27 July 2009}}</ref> the [[United States Army]] sometimes referred to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] [[second lieutenant]]s as "third lieutenants". These were typically newly commissioned officers for which no authorized second lieutenant position existed. Additionally, the [[Confederate States Army]] also used "third lieutenant", typically as the lowest ranking commissioned officer in an infantry company.',
113 => '',
114 => 'Notably, the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service]] used a simple officer rank structure with Captain, First, Second and Third Lieutenants, each of whom had distinct insignia. The title of Third Lieutenant, essentially equal to the rank of [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]], existed until 1915 when the Service became the nucleus of the new [[United States Coast Guard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/usrcsuniforms1908.pdf|title=United States Revenue Marine Uniforms & Devices to 1908}}</ref> Because of the time required to fully establish this organization the rank continued for some time afterwards; the first Coast Guard aviator, [[Elmer F. Stone]], was a third lieutenant until 1918.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909020021/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/Elmer%20Stone%20Book_1.pdf Commander Elmer F. "Archie" Stone, USCG Coast Guard Aviator #1]</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
0 => 'http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/army_a.html',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060909020021/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/Elmer%20Stone%20Book_1.pdf',
2 => 'https://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/usrcsuniforms1908.pdf'
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2 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015812/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm',
3 => 'http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm#Ltcdr',
4 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081012070139/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761',
5 => 'http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761',
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8 => 'https://www.cmpb.gov.sg/web/portal/cmpb/home/life-in-ns/saf/ranks-and-drill-commands',
9 => 'http://www.uniforminsignia.org/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=3489',
10 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186024#identifiers',
11 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4416871-8'
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1 => 'http://www.homeofheroes.com/members/02_DSC/citatons/03_wwii-dsc/army_a.html',
2 => 'http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761',
3 => 'http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009',
4 => 'http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm#Ltcdr',
5 => 'http://www.uniforminsignia.org/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=3489',
6 => 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/4416871-8',
7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060909020021/http://uscgaviationhistory.aoptero.org/images/Elmer%20Stone%20Book_1.pdf',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071012150158/http://bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081007021455/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009',
10 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081012070139/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761',
11 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015812/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm',
12 => 'https://www.cmpb.gov.sg/web/portal/cmpb/home/life-in-ns/saf/ranks-and-drill-commands',
13 => 'https://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/usrcsuniforms1908.pdf',
14 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186024#identifiers'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a>, the more junior OF1/OF1b rank in Austrian, German and Swiss forces.</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tenente" redirects here. For the bridge, see <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Bridge" title="Rooster Bridge">Rooster Bridge</a>.</div>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks mw-collapsible" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;;">
<a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Comparative</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">military ranks</a> in <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0;">
<table class="infobox" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<b>Armies /<br />Marines</b></td><td>
<b>Navies /<br />Coast guards</b></td><td>
<b>Air forces /<br />Space forces</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Commissioned officers</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">Field marshal</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_army" title="General of the army">General of the army</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of<br />the fleet</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_air_force" title="Marshal of the air force">Marshal of<br />the air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air chief marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Air_marshal" title="Air marshal">Air marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">Rear admiral</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Air_vice-marshal" title="Air vice-marshal">Air vice-marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air commodore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Group captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Major" title="Major">Major</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Commandant_(rank)" title="Commandant (rank)">commandant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant<br />commander</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lieutenant</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)">Lieutenant<br />junior grade</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">Ensign</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Pilot officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">Officer cadet</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet" title="Officer cadet">Officer cadet</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Flight_cadet" title="Flight cadet">Flight cadet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted grades</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant major</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chief_petty_officer" title="Chief petty officer">chief petty officer</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_(rank)" title="Bombardier (rank)">bombardier</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Leading seaman</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"></th><td>
<a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gunner_(rank)" title="Gunner (rank)">gunner</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Trooper_(rank)" title="Trooper (rank)">trooper</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a></td><td>
<a href="/wiki/Aircraftman" title="Aircraftman">Aircraftman</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">airman</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">or</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aircraftman" title="Aircraftman">aviator</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td>
</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 2px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks" title="Template:Military ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_ranks" title="Template talk:Military ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Military_ranks&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>A <b>lieutenant</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">lef-<span style="font-size:90%">TEN</span>-ənt</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </small><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">loo-<span style="font-size:90%">TEN</span>-ənt</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> abbreviated <b>Lt.</b>, <b>Lt</b>, <b>LT</b>, <b>Lieut</b> and similar) is in some cases, the junior-most <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned officer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire services">fire services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>, and other organizations of many nations.
</p><p>The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see <a href="/wiki/Comparative_military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative military ranks">comparative military ranks</a>), but is often subdivided into senior (<a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>) and junior (<a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and even third lieutenant) ranks. In navies, it is often equivalent to the army rank of captain; it may also indicate a particular post rather than a rank. The rank is also used in <a href="/wiki/Fire_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service">fire services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">emergency medical services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">security services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> forces.
</p><p>Lieutenant may also appear as part of a title used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is "<a href="/wiki/Second-in-command" title="Second-in-command">second-in-command</a>", and as such, may precede the name of the rank directly above it. For example, a "lieutenant master" is likely to be second-in-command to the "master" in an organisation using both ranks.
</p><p>Political uses include <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor" title="Lieutenant governor">lieutenant governor</a> in various governments, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_lieutenant" title="Quebec lieutenant">Quebec lieutenant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Canadian politics</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lord_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord lieutenant">lord lieutenant</a> is the sovereign's representative in a county or <a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_area" title="Lieutenancy area">lieutenancy area</a>, while a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_lieutenant" title="Deputy lieutenant">deputy lieutenant</a> is one of the lord lieutenant's deputies.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Army_ranks"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Army ranks</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Lieutenant"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lieutenant</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Naval_rank"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Naval rank</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Lieutenant_commander"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lieutenant commander</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lieutenant_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lieutenant</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#"First_lieutenant"_in_naval_use"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">"First lieutenant" in naval use</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Sub-lieutenant"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sub-lieutenant</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Marine_rank"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Marine rank</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Air_force_rank"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Air force rank</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Police_rank"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Police rank</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#France_and_the_French_Union"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">France and the French Union</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#United_Kingdom_and_Commonwealth_police_forces"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom and Commonwealth police forces</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#United_States_police_forces"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">United States police forces</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Other_Nations"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other Nations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Fire_services_rank"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Fire services rank</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Singapore"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Singapore</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Other_uses"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Other uses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Countries"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Countries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#The_Salvation_Army"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Salvation Army</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#The_Boys'_Brigade"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Boys' Brigade</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#National_Civil_Defence_Cadet_Corps"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">National Civil Defence Cadet Corps</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2>
<p>The word <i>lieutenant</i> derives from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>; the <i>lieu</i> meaning "place" as in a position (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_lieu_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in lieu of">in lieu of</a>); and <i>tenant</i> meaning "holding" as in "holding a position"; thus a "lieutenant" is a placeholder for a superior, during their absence (compare the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Locum_tenens" class="mw-redirect" title="Locum tenens">locum tenens</a></i>).
</p><p>In the 19th century, British writers who considered this word either an imposition on the English language, or difficult for common soldiers and sailors, argued for it to be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> "steadholder". However, their efforts failed, and the French word is still used, along with its many variations (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">lieutenant commander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and many non-English language examples), in both the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span></h3>
<p>Pronunciation of <i>lieutenant</i> is generally split between the forms <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-lieutenant.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-uk-lieutenant.ogg" class="internal" title="En-uk-lieutenant.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">lef-<span style="font-size:90%">TEN</span>-ənt</i></a> and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-lieutenant.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/En-us-lieutenant.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-lieutenant.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">loo-<span style="font-size:90%">TEN</span>-ənt</i></a>, with the former generally associated with the armies of <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a> countries and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>; and the latter generally associated with anyone from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-ahd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahd-2">[2]</a></sup> The early history of the pronunciation is unclear; <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> spellings suggest that both proununciations may have existed even then.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3">[3]</a></sup> The majority of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century sources show pronunciations with /v/ or /f/, but <a href="/wiki/William_Bullokar" title="William Bullokar">Bullokar</a> has /liu/.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The rare <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> variant spelling <i>luef</i> for <a href="/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">Modern French</a> <i>lieu</i> ('place') supports the suggestion that a final <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[u]</span> of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[f]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-3">[3]</a></sup> Furthermore, in Latin, the <i>lingua franca</i> of the era, the letter v is used for both u and v.
In <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Naval</a> tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_Pronunciation_Reduced.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/En-lieutenant.oga" class="internal" title="En-lieutenant.oga">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span> is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">OED</a> (although the RN pronunciation was included in editions of OED up until the 1970s).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Army_ranks">Army ranks</span></h2>
<p>Conventionally, armies and other services or branches that use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Historically, the "lieutenant" was the deputy to a "captain", and as the rank structure of armies began to formalise, this came to mean that a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (Land)">captain</a> commanded a <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a> and had several lieutenants, each commanding a <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a>. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by many names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornet_(military_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornet (military rank)">cornet</a>. Some parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fusilier" title="Fusilier">fusilier</a> <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a>, used first lieutenant as well as second lieutenant until the end of the 19th century, and some British Army regiments still preserve cornet as an official alternative to second lieutenant.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">First lieutenant</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)</a></div>
<p><br />
The Lieutenant ranks are
</p><p>Second Lieutenant
</p><p>First Lieutenant
</p><p>Lieutenant Colonel (Not a real Lieutenant)
</p><p>Lieutenant General (Not a real Lieutenant)
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Naval_rank">Naval rank</span></h2>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em">Naval officer ranks</th></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background: LightSteelBlue">
<a href="/wiki/Flag_officer" title="Flag officer">Flag officers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of the fleet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grand_admiral" title="Grand admiral">Grand admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/General_admiral" title="General admiral">General admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_vice-admiral" title="Squadron vice-admiral">Squadron vice-admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_admiral" title="Lieutenant admiral">Lieutenant admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">Rear admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Admiral-superintendent" title="Admiral-superintendent">Admiral-superintendent</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_admiral" title="Port admiral">Port admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_admiral" title="Divisional admiral">Divisional admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flotilla_admiral" title="Flotilla admiral">Flotilla admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Schout-bij-nacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Schout-bij-nacht">Schout-bij-nacht</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background: LightSteelBlue">
Senior officers</th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_the_fleet" title="Captain of the fleet">Captain of the fleet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_at_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain at sea">Captain at sea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_sea_and_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of sea and war">Captain of sea and war</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flag_captain" title="Flag captain">Flag captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_captain" title="Fleet captain">Fleet captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post-captain" title="Post-captain">Post-captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-line_captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship-of-the-line captain">Ship-of-the-line captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Frigate captain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Corvette captain</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background: LightSteelBlue">
Junior officers</th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-line_lieutenant" title="Ship-of-the-line lieutenant">Ship-of-the-line lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_lieutenant" title="Frigate lieutenant">Frigate lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)">Lieutenant junior-grade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corvette_lieutenant" title="Corvette lieutenant">Corvette lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">Ensign</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navalranks" title="Template:Navalranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navalranks" title="Template talk:Navalranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Navalranks&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lieutenant_commander">Lieutenant commander</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></div>
<p>Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain: such a lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy, and a "lieutenant in command" or "lieutenant and commander" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862, and made it a distinct rank; the Royal Navy followed suit in March 1914. The insignia of an additional half-thickness stripe between the two full stripes of a lieutenant was introduced in 1877 for a Royal Navy lieutenant of 8 years seniority, and used for lieutenant commanders upon introduction of their rank.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:GR-Navy-OF3.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/GR-Navy-OF3.svg/51px-GR-Navy-OF3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/GR-Navy-OF3.svg/77px-GR-Navy-OF3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/GR-Navy-OF3.svg/103px-GR-Navy-OF3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="232" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Greece
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:POR-Navy-OF3.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/POR-Navy-OF3.svg/65px-POR-Navy-OF3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/POR-Navy-OF3.svg/97px-POR-Navy-OF3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/POR-Navy-OF3.svg/129px-POR-Navy-OF3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Portugal
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg/70px-U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg/105px-U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg/140px-U.S._Navy_O-4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="420" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>US
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lieutenant_2">Lieutenant</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant (navy)</a></div>
<p>During the early days of the naval rank, a lieutenant might be very junior indeed, or might be on the cusp of promotion to captain; by modern standards, he might rank with any army rank between second lieutenant and lieutenant colonel. As the rank structure of navies stabilized, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant came to rank with an army captain (NATO OF-2 or US O-3).
</p><p>The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> consists of two medium <a href="/wiki/Gold_braid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold braid">gold braid</a> stripes (top stripe with loop) on a <a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">navy blue</a> or black background. This pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various Air Forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the loop is removed (see <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a>).
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg/52px-French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg/78px-French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg/104px-French_Navy-Rama_NG-OF1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1776" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>France
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:GR-Navy-OF2.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/GR-Navy-OF2.svg/51px-GR-Navy-OF2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/GR-Navy-OF2.svg/77px-GR-Navy-OF2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/GR-Navy-OF2.svg/103px-GR-Navy-OF2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="232" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Greece
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IN_Lieutenant.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/IN_Lieutenant.png/52px-IN_Lieutenant.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="228" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>India
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:POR-Navy-primeiro-tenente.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/POR-Navy-primeiro-tenente.png/65px-POR-Navy-primeiro-tenente.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="296" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Portugal
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg/70px-US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg/105px-US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg/140px-US_Navy_O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="420" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>US
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span id=".22First_lieutenant.22_in_naval_use"></span><span class="mw-headline" id=""First_lieutenant"_in_naval_use">"First lieutenant" in naval use</span></h3>
<p>The first lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Historically the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the "first lieutenant" and acting as the <a href="/wiki/Second-in-command" title="Second-in-command">second-in-command</a>. Although lieutenants are no longer numbered by seniority, the post of "first lieutenant" remains. In minor war vessels, <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> the first lieutenant (either a lieutenant or lieutenant-commander) is second in command, <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officer</a> (XO) and head of the executive branch; in larger ships where a commander of the warfare specialization is appointed as the executive officer, a first lieutenant (normally a lieutenant-commander) is appointed as his deputy. The post of first lieutenant in a <a href="/wiki/Shore_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore establishment">shore establishment</a> carries a similar responsibility to the first lieutenant of a <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ship</a>.
</p><p>In the U.S. Navy or U.S. Coast Guard the billet of first lieutenant describes the officer in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">deck department</a> or division, depending upon the size of the ship. In smaller ships with only a single deck division, the billet is typically filled by an ensign while in larger ships with a deck department, consisting of multiple subordinate divisions, the billet may be filled by a lieutenant commander. On submarines and smaller Coast Guard cutters the billet of first lieutenant may be filled by a <a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">petty officer</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a></div>
<p>In the Royal Navy, the commissioned rank of mate was created in 1840, and was renamed sub-lieutenant in 1860. In the US Navy, the rank was called <a href="/wiki/Master_(naval)" title="Master (naval)">master</a> until 1883, when it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant,_junior_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant, junior grade">lieutenant, junior grade</a>. In many navies, a sub-lieutenant is a naval <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned</a> or <a href="/wiki/Subordinate_officer" title="Subordinate officer">subordinate officer</a>, ranking below a lieutenant, but in Brazil it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain it is the second highest non-commissioned rank. In Portugal, sub-lieutenant is the rank of a junior naval officer graduated from a civil university or promoted from a NCO rank, while the equivalent rank of an officer graduated in the naval academy is designated midshipman.
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-O2.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Generic-Navy-O2.svg/65px-Generic-Navy-O2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Generic-Navy-O2.svg/97px-Generic-Navy-O2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Generic-Navy-O2.svg/129px-Generic-Navy-O2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Canada
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:IN_Sublieutenant.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IN_Sublieutenant.png/52px-IN_Sublieutenant.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="228" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>India
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:POR-Navy-guarda-marinha.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/POR-Navy-guarda-marinha.png/65px-POR-Navy-guarda-marinha.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="296" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Portugal
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-O1.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Generic-Navy-O1.svg/65px-Generic-Navy-O1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Generic-Navy-O1.svg/97px-Generic-Navy-O1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Generic-Navy-O1.svg/129px-Generic-Navy-O1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>UK
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Marine_rank">Marine rank</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_officer_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marine Corps officer rank insignia">United States Marine Corps officer rank insignia</a></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> and British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> both use army ranks, while many former Eastern-Bloc marine forces retain the naval form<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="which ones exactly? Russia/USSR have been used army ranks all along (February 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Before 1999 the Royal Marines enjoyed the same rank structure as the army, but at a grade higher; thus a Royal Marine captain ranked with and was paid the same as a British Army major. This historical remnant caused increasing confusion in multi-national operations and was abolished.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Air_force_rank">Air force rank</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/RAF_officer_ranks" title="RAF officer ranks">RAF officer ranks</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">United States Air Force officer rank insignia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_ranks_and_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces ranks and insignia">Canadian Forces ranks and insignia</a></div>
<p>While some air forces use the army rank system, the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and many other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> air forces use another rank system in which <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">flight lieutenant</a> ranks with an army captain and naval lieutenant, a <a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">flying officer</a> ranks with an army lieutenant and a <a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">pilot officer</a> with an army second lieutenant.
</p>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2">NATO OF-2 / US O-3
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td><a href="/wiki/File:RAAF_O3_rank.png" class="image"><img alt="RAAF O3 rank.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/RAAF_O3_rank.png/50px-RAAF_O3_rank.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="80" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="362" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Flight_Lieutenant_of_IAF.png" class="image"><img alt="Flight Lieutenant of IAF.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flight_Lieutenant_of_IAF.png/50px-Flight_Lieutenant_of_IAF.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="92" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="368" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_air_O2.png" class="image"><img alt="Thai air O2.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Thai_air_O2.png/45px-Thai_air_O2.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="245" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:British_RAF_OF-2.svg" class="image"><img alt="British RAF OF-2.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/British_RAF_OF-2.svg/39px-British_RAF_OF-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/British_RAF_OF-2.svg/59px-British_RAF_OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/British_RAF_OF-2.svg/78px-British_RAF_OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td>Australian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
</td>
<td>Indian<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
</td>
<td>Thai<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
</td>
<td>UK<br />Flight<br />lieutenant
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><br />
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">NATO OF-1a / US O-2
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td><a href="/wiki/File:1tenente_fab.gif" class="image"><img alt="1tenente fab.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/1tenente_fab.gif/100px-1tenente_fab.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="101" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_(OF1A)-2015.svg" class="image"><img alt="CDN-Air Force-Lieutenant (OF1A)-2015.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg/50px-CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg/75px-CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg/100px-CDN-Air_Force-Lieutenant_%28OF1A%29-2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="185" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png" class="image"><img alt="Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png/48px-Luftwaffe-221-Oberleutnant.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="100" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="208" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Teniente_de_la_FAM.gif" class="image"><img alt="Teniente de la FAM.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Teniente_de_la_FAM.gif/50px-Teniente_de_la_FAM.gif" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="96" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg" class="image"><img alt="Porucznik Lotnicze.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg/45px-Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg/68px-Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg/90px-Porucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="320" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG" class="image"><img alt="RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG/50px-RO-Airforce-OF-2bs.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="96" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="204" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:SAAF-OF-1b.svg" class="image"><img alt="SAAF-OF-1b.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAAF-OF-1b.svg/47px-SAAF-OF-1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAAF-OF-1b.svg/70px-SAAF-OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAAF-OF-1b.svg/94px-SAAF-OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="213" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Tte-ea.svg" class="image"><img alt="Tte-ea.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tte-ea.svg/45px-Tte-ea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tte-ea.svg/67px-Tte-ea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tte-ea.svg/90px-Tte-ea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="820" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:SWE-Airforce-l%C3%B6jtnant.png" class="image"><img alt="SWE-Airforce-löjtnant.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/SWE-Airforce-l%C3%B6jtnant.png/40px-SWE-Airforce-l%C3%B6jtnant.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="100" data-file-width="71" data-file-height="178" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg" class="image"><img alt="US Air Force O2 shoulderboard.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg/44px-US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg/66px-US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg/88px-US_Air_Force_O2_shoulderboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="226" /></a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td>Brazil<br />Primeiro Tenente<br />
</td>
<td>Canada<br />Lieutenant<br />
</td>
<td>Germany<br />Oberleutnant<br />
</td>
<td>Mexico<br />Teniente<br />
</td>
<td>Poland<br />Porucznik
</td>
<td>Romania<br />Locotenent<br />
</td>
<td>South Africa<br />Lieutenant<br />
</td>
<td>Spain<br />Teniente<br />
</td>
<td>Sweden<br />Löjtnant
</td>
<td>US<br />First<br />Lieutenant
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><br />
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">NATO OF-1b / US O-1
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td><a href="/wiki/File:2tenente_fab.gif" class="image"><img alt="2tenente fab.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2tenente_fab.gif/100px-2tenente_fab.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="101" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_(OF1B)-2015.svg" class="image"><img alt="CDN-Air Force-2nd Lieutenant (OF1B)-2015.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg/50px-CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg/75px-CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg/100px-CDN-Air_Force-2nd_Lieutenant_%28OF1B%29-2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="185" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png" class="image"><img alt="Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png/48px-Luftwaffe-211-Leutnant.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="100" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="208" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Subteniente_FAM.gif" class="image"><img alt="Subteniente FAM.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Subteniente_FAM.gif/50px-Subteniente_FAM.gif" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="96" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg" class="image"><img alt="Podporucznik Lotnicze.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg/45px-Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg/68px-Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg/90px-Podporucznik_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="320" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG" class="image"><img alt="RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG/50px-RO-Airforce-OF-1s.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="96" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="204" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:SAAF-OF-1a.svg" class="image"><img alt="SAAF-OF-1a.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SAAF-OF-1a.svg/47px-SAAF-OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SAAF-OF-1a.svg/70px-SAAF-OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SAAF-OF-1a.svg/94px-SAAF-OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="213" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Alf-ea.svg" class="image"><img alt="Alf-ea.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alf-ea.svg/45px-Alf-ea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alf-ea.svg/67px-Alf-ea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Alf-ea.svg/90px-Alf-ea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="820" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:SWE-Airforce-f%C3%A4nrik.png" class="image"><img alt="SWE-Airforce-fänrik.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SWE-Airforce-f%C3%A4nrik.png/40px-SWE-Airforce-f%C3%A4nrik.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="100" data-file-width="71" data-file-height="178" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg" class="image"><img alt="US Air Force O1 shoulderboard.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg/44px-US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg/66px-US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg/88px-US_Air_Force_O1_shoulderboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="226" /></a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td>Brazil<br />Segundo Tenente<br />
</td>
<td>Canada<br />Second<br />lieutenant
</td>
<td>Germany<br />Leutnant<br />
</td>
<td>Mexico<br />Subteniente<br />
</td>
<td>Poland<br />Podporucznik<br />
</td>
<td>Romania<br />Sublocotenent<br />
</td>
<td>South Africa<br />Second Lieutenant<br />
</td>
<td>Spain<br />Alférez<br />
</td>
<td>Sweden<br />Fänrik<br />
</td>
<td>US<br />Second<br />lieutenant
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In the US Air Force, the Third Lieutenant Program refers specifically to a training program at active duty air force bases for cadets of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ROTC" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ROTC">Air Force ROTC</a> the summer before their fourth and final year before graduation and commissioning. A single silver or subdued pip is used to designate this rank.
</p><p>The Royal Air Force also has an <a href="/wiki/Acting_pilot_officer" title="Acting pilot officer">acting pilot officer</a> designation, the most junior commissioned rank in the British armed forces. It is functionally equivalent to third lieutenant (OF-1c / O-0).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Police_rank">Police rank</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Police_rank" title="Police rank">Police rank</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="France_and_the_French_Union">France and the French Union</span></h3>
<p>The first French Lieutenant of Police, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Nicolas_de_la_Reynie" title="Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie">Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie</a>, was appointed in Paris by Louis XIV on 15 March 1667 to command a reformed police force. He was later elevated to <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_Police" title="Prefecture of Police">Lieutenant-General of Police</a>. In the 17th century, the term "lieutenant" corresponded to "deputy" (i.e. a person appointed to carry out a task). La Reynie was the deputy for policing duties of the Provost of Paris, the ceremonial representative of the King in Paris. In 1995, the rank of <i>lieutenant</i> was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">National Police</a> as the first rank of the police officers scale.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom_and_Commonwealth_police_forces">United Kingdom and Commonwealth police forces</span></h3>
<p>The rank of Lieutenant was formerly used in areas outside of the Metropolitan Police. The adoption of standardized ranks across the United Kingdom has eliminated its use. A number of city and burgh police forces in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> used the rank of lieutenant (and detective lieutenant) between inspector and superintendent from 1812 to 1948. It was replaced by the rank of <a href="/wiki/Chief_inspector" title="Chief inspector">chief inspector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (founded 1871) had the rank of lieutenant between staff sergeant and inspector until 1997. In Australia, Queensland's first police force (founded 1864) had second lieutenants and lieutenants between the ranks of sergeant and inspector-general.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_police_forces">United States police forces</span></h3>
<p>The rank of police lieutenant is used in most medium or large police departments in the United States, where it is one rank above sergeant and two ranks above a regular police officer (three in departments with a corporal rank). It is roughly equivalent to an <a href="/wiki/Inspector" title="Inspector">inspector</a> in British police forces and staff sergeant in Canadian police forces. The usual role of a lieutenant is to carry out administrative duties and assist precinct commanders (normally a Captain, or sometimes the local police chiefs). In smaller police departments, they may command a precinct itself. Lieutenants either command a watch (8-hour "shift") of regular officers or a special unit for operations or investigations (like a Robbery-Homicide squad). The typical rank insignia for a lieutenant is a single silver bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps First Lieutenant) or a single gold bar (like that of an Army or Marine Corps Second Lieutenant). Some police departments split the rank of lieutenant into two separate grades.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Nations">Other Nations</span></h3>
<table>
<tbody><tr style="text-align:center;">
<td>
<pre><a href="/wiki/File:ASP_Rank_Badge.gif" class="image"><img alt="ASP Rank Badge.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/ASP_Rank_Badge.gif/41px-ASP_Rank_Badge.gif" decoding="async" width="41" height="100" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="241" /></a>
</pre>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_PM_O6.PNG" class="image"><img alt="Insignia PM O6.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Insignia_PM_O6.PNG/47px-Insignia_PM_O6.PNG" decoding="async" width="47" height="100" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="241" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_PM_O5.PNG" class="image"><img alt="Insignia PM O5.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Insignia_PM_O5.PNG/47px-Insignia_PM_O5.PNG" decoding="async" width="47" height="100" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="240" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Assistant_SP_IPS_2.png" class="image"><img alt="Assistant SP IPS 2.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Assistant_SP_IPS_2.png/50px-Assistant_SP_IPS_2.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="94" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="245" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:POL_policja_komisarz.svg" class="image"><img alt="POL policja komisarz.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POL_policja_komisarz.svg/50px-POL_policja_komisarz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="91" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POL_policja_komisarz.svg/75px-POL_policja_komisarz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/POL_policja_komisarz.svg/100px-POL_policja_komisarz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="290" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Inspector.png" class="image"><img alt="Inspector.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Inspector.png/46px-Inspector.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="100" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="133" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O1_insignia.svg" class="image"><img alt="US-O1 insignia.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/40px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/60px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/80px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="image"><img alt="US-O2 insignia.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/40px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/60px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/80px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_police_lieutenant.png" class="image"><img alt="Russian police lieutenant.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Russian_police_lieutenant.png/36px-Russian_police_lieutenant.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="100" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="279" /></a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td>Bangladeshi<br />Assistant <br />Superintendent
</td>
<td>Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
</td>
<td>Brazilian<br />Military Police<br />1st Lieutenant
</td>
<td>Indian<br />Assistant<br />Superintendent
</td>
<td>Polish<br />Policja<br />Komisarz
</td>
<td>Romanian<br />Inspector
</td>
<td>US Police<br />2nd Lieutenant
</td>
<td>US Police<br />1st Lieutenant
</td>
<td>Russian<br />Police<br />Lieutenant
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fire_services_rank">Fire services rank</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Firefighter#Ranks" title="Firefighter">Firefighter Ranks</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singapore">Singapore</span></h3>
<p>In the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Civil_Defence_Force" title="Singapore Civil Defence Force">Singapore Civil Defence Force</a>, the rank of lieutenant (LTA) is the second-lowest <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissioned</a> rank. The rank insignia of LTA is two pips.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_uses">Other uses</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Countries">Countries</span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/British_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarch">British monarch</a>'s representatives in the counties of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> are called <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant">Lords Lieutenant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a> performed the function of <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. In <a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">French history</a>, "lieutenant du roi" was a title borne by the officer sent with military powers to represent the king in certain provinces. It is in the sense of a deputy that it has entered into the titles of more senior officers, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a>. In Canada the representative of the Canadian monarch in each of the Canadian provinces is called the Lieutenant Governor. The Lieutenant Governor exercises all the royal prerogative powers that the monarch holds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Salvation_Army">The Salvation Army</span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> also uses lieutenant to denote first time officers, or clergymen/women.
</p>
<h3><span id="The_Boys.27_Brigade"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Boys'_Brigade">The Boys' Brigade</span></h3>
<p>Leaders, or officers of the Boys' Brigade, particularly in the United Kingdom, are ranked as lieutenants after having completed their formal training, before which they are ranked as warrant officers. Officers serving in staff or command posts are awarded the "brevet" rank of captain, these officers then revert to their lieutenancy after having completed their tour of duty.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="National_Civil_Defence_Cadet_Corps">National Civil Defence Cadet Corps</span></h3>
<p>The rank of cadet lieutenant (CLT) is given to officer cadet trainees who have passed their officer's course. The rank insignia of CLT is a pip and a bar below it. CLTs may be promoted to the rank of senior cadet lieutenant (S/CLT), which has a rank insignia of a pip and two bars below it.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military rank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative military ranks">Comparative military ranks</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John</a> (3 April 2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r982806391">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ahd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ahd_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a>, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html">"Lieutenant"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012150158/http://bartleby.com/61/73/L0157300.html">Archived</a> 2007-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-oed-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDobson1968" class="citation book cs1">Dobson, E. J. (1968) [1957]. <i>English Pronunciation 1500-1700</i>. <b>ii</b> (second ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronunciation+1500-1700&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=1009&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Dobson&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011015812/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm">"Officer Ranks in the Royal Navy – Lieutenant Commander"</a>. Royal Naval Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_nav_rankings.htm#Ltcdr">the original</a> on 2014-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officer+Ranks+in+the+Royal+Navy+%E2%80%93+Lieutenant+Commander&rft.pub=Royal+Naval+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavalmuseum.org%2Finfo_sheets_nav_rankings.htm%23Ltcdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012070139/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761">"Uniforms and Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3761">the original</a> on 2008-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniforms+and+Badges+of+Rank+%E2%80%93+Royal+Navy+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-navy.mod.uk%2Fserver%2Fshow%2Fnav.3761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007021455/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009">"RM Officers & Other Ranks Badges of Rank – Royal Navy website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.00h001004001009">the original</a> on 2008-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM+Officers+%26+Other+Ranks+Badges+of+Rank+%E2%80%93+Royal+Navy+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-navy.mod.uk%2Fserver%2Fshow%2Fnav.00h001004001009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report of the Committee of Inquiry on the Police, 1978</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmpb.gov.sg/web/portal/cmpb/home/life-in-ns/saf/ranks-and-drill-commands">"CMPB | Ranks and drill commands"</a>. <i>Central Manpower Base (CMPB)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Manpower+Base+%28CMPB%29&rft.atitle=CMPB+%7C+Ranks+and+drill+commands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmpb.gov.sg%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Fcmpb%2Fhome%2Flife-in-ns%2Fsaf%2Franks-and-drill-commands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniforminsignia.org/?option=com_insigniasearch&Itemid=53&result=3489">"National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC) / National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC)"</a>. <i>www.uniforminsignia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uniforminsignia.org&rft.atitle=National+Civil+Defence+Cadet+Corps+%28NCDCC%29++%2F+National+Civil+Defence+Cadet+Corps+%28NCDCC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniforminsignia.org%2F%3Foption%3Dcom_insigniasearch%26Itemid%3D53%26result%3D3489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALieutenant" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lieutenant" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:lieutenant">lieutenant</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186024#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186024#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186024#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4416871-8">4416871-8</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1609899046 |
