Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{about||the neighborhood of Berkeley|Thousand Oaks, Berkeley, California||Thousand Oaks (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Thousand Oaks, California
|official_name = City of Thousand Oaks
|settlement_type = [[City (California)|City]]
|image_skyline = Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg
|image_caption = Mount Clef Ridge as seen from Tarantula Hill, Thousand Oaks
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal = Seal of Thousand Oaks, California.png
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_map = Ventura County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Thousand Oaks Highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] and the U.S. state of [[California]]
| pushpin_map = Los Angeles##USA California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[Los Angeles Metropolitan Area]]##Location in [[California]]##Location in the [[United States]]
|pushpin_relief =
|pushpin_label = Thousand Oaks
<!-- Location ------------->
|coordinates = {{coord|34|11|22|N|118|52|30|W|type:city_region:US-CA|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{US}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Seal of Ventura County, California.svg}} [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]]
<!-- History -------------->
|established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2 = October 7, 1964<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title = California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format = Word
|publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date = August 25, 2014
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017052413/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date = October 17, 2013
|df = mdy-all
}}</ref>
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council/Manager]]<ref name=govt>{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|title=City Government|publisher=Thousand Oaks|access-date=March 20, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|archive-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = Mayor
|leader_name1 = Al Adam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/shuffling-seats/|title=Shuffling Seats|publisher=[[Thousand Oaks Acorn]]}}</ref>
|leader_title2 = [[California's 27th State Senate district|State Senator]]
|leader_name2 = {{Representative|casd|27|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd>{{cite web
|url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
|title = Statewide Database
|publisher = UC Regents
|access-date = November 30, 2014
|df = mdy-all
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
|archive-date = February 1, 2015
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[California's 44th State Assembly district|CA Assembly]]
|leader_name3 = {{Representative|caad|44|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=swd />
|leader_title4 = [[California's 26th congressional district|U. S. Rep.]]
|leader_name4 = {{Representative|cacd|26|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|26|access-date=October 5, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi = 55.41
|area_total_km2 = 143.51
|area_land_sq_mi = 55.26
|area_land_km2 = 143.13
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.14
|area_water_km2 = 0.38
|area_water_percent = 0.27
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = <!-- Elevation ------------>
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1661567|Thousand Oaks|access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
|elevation_ft = 886
|elevation_m = 270
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html|title=Thousand Oaks (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 9, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920194141/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html|archive-date=September 20, 2012}}</ref>
|population_total = 126683
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019"/>
|population_est = 126813
|population_rank = [[Ventura County, California|2nd]] in Ventura County<br />[[List of largest California cities by population|47th]] in California
|population_density_sq_mi = 2294.68
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_density_metro_km2 = <!-- Time zones ----------->
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset = −8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = −7
<!-- Codes ---------------->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code = 91320, 91359–91362
|area_code = [[Area codes 805 and 820|805/820]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = {{FIPS|06|78582}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1661567}}, {{GNIS 4|2412065}}
|website = {{URL|www.toaks.org}}
|population_density_km2 = 885.98
}}
'''Thousand Oaks''' is the second-largest city in [[Ventura County, California]], United States. It is in the northwestern part of [[Greater Los Angeles]], approximately {{convert|40|mi|km}} from [[Downtown Los Angeles]], and is less than {{convert|15|mi|km}} from the [[Los Angeles]] neighborhood of [[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]]. It is named after the many [[oak]] trees present in the area.
The city forms the central populated core of the [[Conejo Valley]]. Thousand Oaks was incorporated in 1964, but has since expanded to the west and east. Two-thirds of neighboring [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] and most of [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] were annexed by the city during the late 1960s and 1970s. The [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]]–Ventura County line crosses at the city's eastern border with Westlake Village. The population was estimated to be 126,813 in 2019,<ref name="USCensusEst2019"/> up from 126,683 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name=quif />
==Etymology==
One of the earliest names used for the area was Conejo Mountain Valley, as used by the founder of Newbury Park, [[Egbert Starr Newbury]], in the 1870s.<ref>Begun, Ruthanne (2006). ''The Newburys of Newbury Park''. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 42. {{ISBN|9780972523332}}.</ref> During the 1920s, today's Thousand Oaks was home to 100 residents. In the 1920s came talks of coming up with a name for the specific area of Thousand Oaks. A local name contest was held, where 14-year-old Bobby Harrington's name suggestion won: Thousand Oaks.<ref>Chalquist, Craig (2008). ''Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real''. Craig Chalquist. Page 275. {{ISBN|9780595514625}}.</ref><ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref><ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 37. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> The valley was — and still is — characterized by its tens of thousands of oak trees (50,000–60,000 in 2012).<ref name="toacorn.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/|title=What's in a name? Everything | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/><ref name="latimes">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801|title=What's in a name? For three cities, a lot of history|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162644/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801|archive-date=September 16, 2015}}</ref>
When the city was incorporated in 1964, the [[Janss Investment Company|Janss Corporation]] suggested the name Conejo City (City of Conejo). A petition was signed by enough residents to put Thousand Oaks on the ballot. An overwhelming majority － 87% － of the city's 19,000 residents voted for the name Thousand Oaks during the September 29, 1964, election.<ref name="toacorn.com"/><ref name="conejovalleyguide">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks|title=Voters Chose to Incorporate the City of Thousand Oaks Over the City of Conejo in a September 29, 1964 Special Election — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075016/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>
== History ==
[[File:Old oak tree, Thousand Oaks CA.jpg|thumb|left|Majestic old oak tree in Thousand Oaks.]]
=== Pre-colonial period ===
[[File:Oakbrook regional park chumash indian museum thousand oaks cave paintings pictographs.jpg|thumb|2,000 year-old [[pictograph]] in Thousand Oaks.]]
[[Chumash people]] were the first to inhabit what is now called Thousand Oaks,<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/> settling there over 10,000 years ago. It was home to two major villages: Sap'wi ("House of the Deer") and [[Satwiwa]] ("The Bluffs").<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications''. Page 13. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Sap'wi is now by the [[Chumash Indian Museum|Chumash Interpretive Center]] which is home to multiple 2,000 year-old pictographs.<ref>Whitley, David S. (1996). ''A Guide to Rock Art Sites: Southern California and Southern Nevada''. Mountain Press Publishing. Pages 175-176. {{ISBN|9780878423323}}.</ref> [[Satwiwa]] is the home of the Native American Indian Culture Center which sits at the foothills of [[Mount Boney]] in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], a sacred mountain to the Chumash.<ref>Riedel, Allen (2008). ''100 Classic Hikes in Southern California: San Bernardino National Forest, Angeles National Forest, Santa Lucia Mountains, Big Sur and the Sierras''. The Mountaineers Books. Page 118. {{ISBN|9781594851254}}.</ref>
A smaller village, Yitimasɨh, was located where [[Wildwood Elementary School (Thousand Oaks)|Wildwood Elementary School]] sits today.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 93.</ref><ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 9. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref> The area surrounding [[Wildwood Regional Park]] has been inhabited by the Chumash for thousands of years. Some of the artifacts discovered in Wildwood include stone tools, [[shell bead]]s and arrowheads.<ref>Palmer, Norma E. (1994). ''Santa Barbara & Ventura Counties''. Automobile Club of Southern California. Page 176. {{ISBN|9781564131867}}.</ref> Another small Chumash settlement, known as Šihaw (Ven-632i), was located where [[Lang Ranch]] sits today. A cave containing several swordfish and cupules pictographs is located here.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Pages 58-59.</ref> Two other villages were located by today's Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park. These were populated 2,000 years ago and had a population of 100–200 in each village.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13"/> Other villages included Lalimanuc (Lalimanux) and Kayɨwɨš (Kayiwish) by [[Conejo Grade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |title=Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent of Chumash Peoples in the Channel Islands and the Santa Monica Mountains |access-date=September 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095214/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2017 }} (Page 82).</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |title=Appendix C: Historic Resources Report and Peer Review |access-date=February 25, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002703/http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016 }} (Page 6).</ref><ref>[http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1#page-3] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080601/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1 |date=March 2, 2016 }} (Pages 173–175).</ref>
The Chumash also had several summer encampments, including one located where [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] currently stands, known as Ipuc (Ven-654).<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 20.</ref> Another summer encampment was located at the current location of [[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center|Los Robles Hospital]].<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 29.</ref>
Each village was ruled by a chief or several chieftains, who often traveled between villages to discuss matters of common interest. A council of elders directed village life and organized events. Most villages had a cemetery, gaming field, a sweat house, and a place for ceremonies.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 14. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Locally discovered tribal artifacts are at display at Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center and the [[Chumash Indian Museum]].<ref>Waldman, Carl (2014). ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. Infobase Publishing. Page 72. {{ISBN|9781438110103}}.</ref>
The region's recorded history dates to 1542, when [[Spain|Spanish]] explorer [[Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo]] landed at [[Point Mugu, California|Point Mugu]] and claimed the land for Spain.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|website=pubs.usgs.gov|title=Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110453/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> The Battle of Triunfo, which took place by [[Triunfo Creek]], was waged over land between native Chumash and the Spanish newcomers.<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 59. {{ISBN|9781439624999}}.</ref>
=== 19th century ===
[[File:Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png|thumb|[[Egbert Starr Newbury|E.S. Newbury]] was one of the first to buy former [[Rancho El Conejo]] land.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 21. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref>]]
From 1804 to 1848, Thousand Oaks was part of [[Alta California]], which originally was a Spanish [[polity]] in North America. It was the Spaniards who first named it Conejo Valley, or Valley of Rabbits. The [[Spaniards]] and indigenous [[Chumash people|Chumash]] clashed numerous times in disputes over land.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> Conejo Valley was given the name El Rancho Conejo in 1803. This year, Jose Polanco and Ignacio Rodriguez were granted El Rancho Conejo by Governor [[José Joaquín de Arrillaga]] of Alta California. The land contained 48,671.56 acres. [[Rancho El Conejo|El Conejo]] was just one of two land grants in what became [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], the other being [[Rancho Simi]].<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7"/>
As a result of the [[Mexican War of Independence]] in 1822, Alta California became a Mexican territory. In 1822, Captain [[José de la Guerra y Noriega]] filed Conejo Valley as part of the [[Mexican land grant]]. It remained a part of Mexico until the short-lived [[California Republic]] was established in 1846. It became a part of the U.S. after California gained statehood in 1850. The valley was now known as Rancho El Conejo.<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> The ranch period began when the de la Guerra family sold thousands of acres through the 1860s and early 1870s.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7"/>
Two men owned most of Conejo Valley in the 1870s: John Edwards, who came from [[Wales]] in 1849, and Howard Mills, who came from [[Minnesota]] in 1870. While Edwards owned most of present-day Thousand Oaks and Newbury Park, Mills owned most of [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] and [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California|Hidden Valley]]. Edwards' home was located on an acre of land where [[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks Mall]] currently is located, while Mills built his home where [[Westlake Lake]] sits today. The third person to buy former [[Rancho El Conejo]] land was [[Egbert Starr Newbury]]. He bought 2,259 acres of land here in 1874, land which stretched from Old Town Thousand Oaks and into today's Newbury Park.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 23. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> He later established the valley's first post office in 1875: [[Newbury Park Post Office]].<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 119. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> When the Conejo Valley School District was established in March 1877, there were 126 residents living in Conejo Valley.<ref>Begun, Ruthanne (2006). ''The Newburys of Newbury Park''. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 48. {{ISBN|9780972523332}}.</ref>
In the late 19th century, [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] was on the [[stagecoach]] route between [[Los Angeles]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]. The [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]] (Grand Union Hotel) was built in 1876, and is now a [[California Historical Landmark]] and museum.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
===Norwegian Colony===
{{Further|Norwegian Colony}}
Thousand Oaks was home to a [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]] community in the late 1890s and early 1900s, known as Norwegian Colony. Norwegian settlers were among the first to settle in Conejo Valley. The Norwegian Colony was located at today's intersection of Moorpark- and Olsen Roads, now home to [[California Lutheran University]] and surrounding areas. The Norwegian Colony constituted of over 650 acres and stretched from [[Mount Clef Ridge]] to Avenida de Los Arboles.<ref name="conejovalleyguide2">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html|title=Building of the Norwegian Grade from Conejo Valley to Camarillo 1909 to 1911 — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050244/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="vcstar">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Norwegian Grade, built by hand, is turning 100|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012126/http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html|archive-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref> The son of Norwegian immigrants donated his ranch to California Lutheran College in the 1950s.<ref name="callutheran">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html|title=Cal Lutheran at a Glance|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921045702/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref> California Lutheran University is now home to the Scandinavian American Cultural and Historical Foundation and the Scandinavian Festival.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
Many place names are named after Norwegian immigrants such as the Olsen and Pedersen families.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 80. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref> The first Norwegians came from the village of [[Stranda, Møre og Romsdal|Stranda]] by [[Storfjorden (Sunnmøre)|Storfjorden]]. Ole Anderson bought 199 acres here, while Lars Pederson owned 111 acres. Other Norwegian pioneers also included Ole Nilsen, George Hansen and Nils Olsen. A major contribution was the construction of the handmade [[Norwegian Grade]] in 1911, a mile-long road leading from Thousand Oaks to [[Santa Rosa Valley, California|Santa Rosa Valley]].<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 30. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
With no doctors or hospitals nearby, the Norwegian Colony was short-lived. The Olsen family lost seven of their ten children, while Ole Anderson, Lars Pederson, and George Hansen all died in 1901 due to a diphtheria epidemic.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 31. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
=== 20th century ===
[[File:Children on elephant at Jungleland, California, 1962.jpg|thumb|[[Jungleland USA]] was one of the first theme parks in California.]]
[[File:Spartacus (1960) - Trailer.webm|thumb|''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960) was partly filmed by [[California Lutheran University|CLU]].<ref name="Hekhuis, Mary 1984 Page 27">Hekhuis, Mary (1984). ''California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century''. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 27.</ref><ref name="cluecho.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/|title=Living in one of Hollywood's best-kept secrets|website=The Echo|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917125507/https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[File:Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch,_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|Various movies were filmed at [[Joel McCrea Ranch]] on N. Moorpark Road.]]
[[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] was a more established community than Thousand Oaks at the turn of the 20th century. A few lots existed early in the 1900s, wedged between Borchard land on the south and Friedrich land on the north.<ref>Schroeder, Anne (2000). ''Branches on the Conejo: Leaving the Soil After Five Generations''. Russell Dean & Company. Page 86. {{ISBN|9781891954993}}.</ref> The [[Janss Investment Company|Janss family]], developers of Southern California subdivisions, purchased {{convert|10,000|acre|km2}} in the early 20th century. They eventually created plans for a "total community", and the name remains prominently featured in the city. Despite early aspirations, no large subdivisions were developed until the 1920s. The development was slow and hampered even more under the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s. Besides agriculture, the movie industry became an important industry in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref>Triem, Judith P. (1990). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 114-115. {{ISBN|9780945092162}}.</ref>
Between 1950 and 1970, [[Conejo Valley]] experienced a population boom, and increased its population from 3,000 to 30,000 residents.<ref>McCormack, Don (2000). ''Santa Barbara and Ventura 2001''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 116. {{ISBN|9781929365203}}.</ref> From 3,500 residents in 1957, Thousand Oaks had over 103,000 inhabitants by 1989.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 85. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> While ranching and agriculture were the dominant industries until the 1950s, a number of new businesses appeared throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Particularly many high-tech firms moved to Thousand Oaks in the '60s and '70s. [[Packard Bell]] and Technology Instrument Company were two high-technology businesses that moved into the Newbury Park industrial park in the 1960s. Other companies that followed included Westinghouse Astroelectronics Laboratory, [[Semtech|Semtech Corporation]], [[Purolator Inc.]], and Westland Plastics.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 44. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
[[Jungleland USA]] put Thousand Oaks on the map in the 1920s and helped attract [[Hollywood film industry|Hollywood]] producers to the city.<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017"/> Hundreds of movies have been [[List of films shot in Thousand Oaks|filmed in Thousand Oaks]].<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 56. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> Some of the first films to be made here were ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915) at Jungleland USA<ref name="junglelandskates">{{cite web|url=http://www.junglelandskates.com/History.html|title=History - The Beginning|website=junglelandskates.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Roaring Ranch]]'' (1930) at the [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]].<ref name="stagecoachinnmuseum">{{cite web|url=https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/|title=Stagecoach Inn Detail|website=Stagecoach Inn Museum|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925180639/https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/|archive-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]] was featured in the "Walls of Jericho" scenes in the film ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' (1934). A western village was erected at [[California Lutheran University]] for the filming of ''[[Welcome to Hard Times (film)|Welcome to Hard Times]]'' (1967), while [[Elvis Presley]] and [[John Wayne]] starred in several westerns made in [[Wildwood Regional Park]]. A nearby road, Flaming Star Avenue, is named after the film ''[[Flaming Star]]'' (1960) starring Elvis Presley, which was filmed here. Other movies filmed in the valley included ''[[Lassie Come Home]]'' (1943), ''[[To the Shores of Iwo Jima]]'' (1945) and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (1979–85). [[Dean Martin]] and [[Jerry Lewis]] visited Thousand Oaks for the filming of ''[[Hollywood or Bust]]'' (1956), which included a scene filmed on Live Oak Street.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 82-83. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
Movie actor [[Joel McCrea]], who had been advised by [[Will Rogers]] to buy land in the area, raised his family on a {{Convert|3000|acre|ha|abbr=|adj=mid}} [[Joel McCrea Ranch|ranch]] he had acquired in the early 1930s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 41. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Numerous celebrities later joined McCrea and relocated to the Conejo Valley, including Dean Martin, [[Bob Hope]], [[Roy Rogers]], [[Strother Martin]], [[Virginia Mayo]], [[Michael O'Shea (actor)|Michael O'Shea]], [[Ben Johnson (actor)|Ben Johnson]], [[Slim Pickens]], [[Ronald Colman]], [[George Brent]], [[Eve Arden]], [[Alan Ladd]], [[Richard Widmark]], [[Charles Martin Smith]], and [[Bing Russell|Bing-]] and [[Kurt Russell]].<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 83">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 83. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
While the city was home to 1,700 businesses in 1970, Thousand Oaks had 11,000 businesses in town by 1988.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 111">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 111. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
The world's largest independent biotechnology company, [[Amgen]], was established in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 1980.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 128. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
==== Jungleland USA ====
{{main|Jungleland USA}}
[[File:A Goldwyn Picture.jpg|thumb|Slats, used from 1916 to 1928, was one of five [[MGM lion]]s who resided at [[Jungleland USA]].<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 7">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). ''Jungleland''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9780738574448}}.</ref>]]
Louis Goebel of New York bought five lots off Ventura Boulevard (today's [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]]) in 1925. He worked for the [[Universal Pictures|Universal]] film studio, and decided to create his own film industry zoo after the closure of [[Universal Zoo]] in the mid-1920s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 39-40. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> He established [[Jungleland USA|Goebel's Lion Farm]] in 1926, situated where [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] is located today.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 73. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> Goebel began with five lions and seven malamute dogs, but he soon acquired new animals such as giraffes, camels, hippos, monkeys, tigers, gorillas, seals and other exotic animals.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
It became home to several animals used for [[Leo the Lion (MGM)|Leo the Lion]] MGM logo. There were held public animal shows, which drew thousands of spectators from throughout California. The animals from the park have been used in many movies and TV series, including many of the ''[[Tarzan]]'' films; ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938), which used the site as a location,<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks|title=The Story of Jungleland in Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075146/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Doolittle]]'' (1967).<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 8">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). ''Jungleland''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9780738574448}}.</ref> Goebel himself camped by the filming site of ''[[Tarzan the Ape Man (1932 film)|Tarzan, the Ape Man]]'' (1932) by [[Lake Sherwood, California|Lake Sherwood]] to watch his lions during filming.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 7"/>
It became one of Southern California's most popular tourists attractions in the 1940s and 1950s, when the 170-acre park offered shows, lion training, elephant rides, train rides, safari tram buses and more.<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com"/> The park changed name to [[Jungleland USA]] in 1956 after [[Disneyland]] was established.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 22. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> The park later went bankrupt in May 1969, due to competition from parks such as Disneyland, [[Knott's Berry Farm]] and [[Universal Studios Hollywood|Universal Studios]]. The park's 1,800 animals were sold at a public auction in October 1969.<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com"/><ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 8"/>
==== Incorporation ====
[[File:Casa Conejo view.jpg|thumb|[[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]] is a [[county island]] in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]].]]
The City of Thousand Oaks was incorporated on October 7, 1964,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html |title=Ed Jones: How parks grew in the Conejo Valley |first=Ed |last=Jones |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=October 27, 2013 |access-date=June 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623153300/http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html |archive-date=June 23, 2016 }}</ref> the first incorporated city in the Conejo Valley.<ref name="Acorn20110908">{{cite news|url=http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html|title=Which Westlake?|last=Kuperberg|first=Jonathan|date=September 8, 2011|work=Thousand Oaks Acorn|access-date=September 9, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324112915/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html|archive-date=March 24, 2012}}</ref> Some sources mistakenly state that Thousand Oaks was incorporated on September 29, 1964, which was the date that voters approved the incorporation and selected the name. However, the incorporation only became official once the certificates of election were filed with the California Secretary of State, and then the record of affidavit was filed with the Ventura County Clerk.<ref>"Top vote-getters win 4-year terms", ''Oxnard Press-Courier'', October 3, 1964</ref>
The results of the cityhood election was clear on September 24, 1964. 2,780 residents voted to set up a city, while 1,821 had voted no to incorporation. Certain areas however tried to set up its own municipality. An attempt at a cityhood election in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] failed in 1963, as Talley Corporation and Janss Rancho Conejo Industrial Park refused to join the efforts. [[Reba Hays Jeffries]], a local opponent of cityhood, told interviewers why she thought the cityhood election failed: Cityhood backers had to collect signatures from owners who represented 29% of the land that was to be incorporated. As the efforts collected 29% of registered voters, the measure never came on the ballot.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 54-55. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Most Newbury Park land were annexed through the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. [[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]] and [[Ventu Park]] are the only parts of Newbury Park left, which are not parts of Thousand Oaks.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications''. Page 54. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref><ref name="conejovalleyguide3">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html|title=Forty-Seven Things to Do In Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606170249/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html|archive-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> Lynn Ranch also decided to remain outside city limits.<ref name="vcstar2">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Casa Conejo resident hopes to foster sense of community with signs|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930083938/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/|archive-date=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
Two-thirds of [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] were annexed by Thousand Oaks in two portions - in 1968 and 1972.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 55">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 55. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref><ref name="wlv">{{cite web|url=http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?nid=116|title=Westlake Village, CA - Official Website - City History|website=wlv.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029200632/http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?NID=116|archive-date=October 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toacorn">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/|title='Which Westlake?' | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/|archive-date=April 28, 2018|date=September 8, 2011}}</ref> The Westlake neighborhood of [[North Ranch]] remained an unincorporated area until January 1973, when Thousand Oaks approved the annexation of North Ranch.<ref name="toacorn2">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/|title=North Ranch residents upset with proposal to build 14 luxury homes | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/|archive-date=April 28, 2018|date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> North Ranch borders [[Oak Park, California|Oak Park]], an unincorporated area where voters have chosen not to be annexed into Thousand Oaks.<ref>Kern, Harvey and David E. Ross (2012). ''Oak Park''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9780738595382}}.</ref>
===Modern history===
[[File:ThousandOaksAerial.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of Thousand Oaks, southward view]]
Thousand Oaks is encouraging [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use retail and housing development]] along the downtown portion of [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]].<ref name="VCS 20160614">{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html |title=Thousand Oaks commission backs plan for more housing on main thoroughfare |first=Wendy |last=Leung |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=June 14, 2016 |access-date=June 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615111952/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html |archive-date=June 15, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="VCS 20160713">{{cite news |title=Thousand Oaks council adjusts boulevard plan, names interim city manager |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |first=Amanda |last=Covarrubias |date=July 12, 2016 |access-date=July 13, 2016 |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714151631/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html |archive-date=July 14, 2016 }}</ref> The city is "built-out" within the confines of the Conejo Valley and has adopted a [[smart growth]] strategy as there is no room for the [[Urban sprawl|sprawling suburban growth]] the city is known for.<ref>McGrath, Rachel (October 16, 2014) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692 "Thousand Oaks council OKs Los Feliz apartments"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018072428/http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692 |date=October 18, 2014 }} ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref>
Increased development in Moorpark and Simi Valley in the late 1990s and early 2000s caused the [[California State Route 23|Moorpark Freeway (Highway 23)]] to become heavily congested during both morning and afternoon rush hours. A major widening project began in 2008 to alleviate most of this congestion. Because of its desirable environment and location, property values appreciated more than 250% in less than ten years, primarily during the mid-1990s to early 2000s.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
On March 30, 2016, [[California Lutheran University]] and the NFL Rams team reached an agreement that allowed the team to have regular season training operations at CLU's campus in Thousand Oaks for the next two years. The Rams paid for two practice fields, paved parking, and modular buildings constructed on the northwestern corner of the campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|title=L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401144546/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=April 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|title=Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site|website=NFL.com|language=en|access-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref>
On November 7, 2018, a lone gunman killed 12 people [[Thousand Oaks shooting|in a mass shooting at the Borderline Bar & Grill]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Del Real|first1=Jose A.|last2=Mullany|first2=Gerry|last3=Goldman|first3=Russell|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/us/shooting-california-thousand-oaks.html|title=Gunman Kills at Least 12 at Thousand Oaks Bar|work=The New York Times|date=November 8, 2018|access-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/proposed-borderline-shooting-memorial-design-set-to-be-unveiled-before-thousand-oaks-city-council|title=Borderline shooting memorial design set to be unveiled before Thousand Oaks City Council|last=Gazzar|first=Brenda|date=June 25, 2019|newspaper=Daily News|language=en-US|access-date=June 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/07/06/borderline-owner-hynes-has-up-and-downs-never-get-over-shooting-thousand-oaks/1620838001/|title=Borderline co-owner Hynes has ups and downs, doesn't think he'll get over Nov. 7 shooting|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=July 6, 2019|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Just days later, as a vigil was held for those impacted by the shooting, the massive ''Hill Fire'' and ''[[Woolsey Fire]]'' threatened the community, burning homes across Ventura and Los Angeles Counties. The fires would continue through almost the entire month of November charring almost 100,000 acres and consuming multiple homes in the region as it burned through [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]], [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]], and Thousand Oaks, all the way to the [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] coastline.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
In February 2019, in what was called a response to the shooting, members of the [[Westboro Baptist Church]] demonstrated outside [[Thousand Oaks High School]]. Parents, students, faith communities, and community members held a counter-demonstration across the street.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/opinion/editorials/2019/02/25/thousand-oaks-shows-love-can-defeat-westboros-hateful-messages/2955236002/|title=Thousand Oaks shows love can defeat Westboro's hateful messages|last=Paulson|first=Terry|date=February 25, 2019|newspaper=Ventura County Star|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>
{{wide image|Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg|825px|Western Thousand Oaks as seen from atop [[Tarantula Hill]].}}
== Geography ==
[[File:Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg|thumb|Waterfall in [[Wildwood Regional Park]].]]
[[File:Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg|thumb|Wetlands in [[Hill Canyon]].]]
The city of Thousand Oaks Is situated in the [[Conejo Valley]] in southeastern [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], halfway between [[Los Angeles]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], and 12 miles east of the Pacific Ocean.<ref name="Kath 2011 Page 45">Kath, Laura and Pamela Price (2011). ''Fun with the Family Southern California: Hundreds of Ideas for Day Trips with the Kids''. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 45. {{ISBN|9780762774753}}.</ref><ref name="callutheran2">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html|title=Thousand Oaks - Undergraduate Admission|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064631/https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> Conejo Valley lies at 900 feet; 55 of its 1,884 square miles are located within Thousand Oaks city limits.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 13. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref>Triem, Judith P. (1985). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune: An Illustrated History''. Windsor Publications. Page 114. {{ISBN|9780897811569}}.</ref> For comparison, the city is larger in area than [[Long Beach, CA]], and 20 percent larger than [[San Francisco]].<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 119">McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 119. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
Designated open-space nature areas occupy 34 percent of the city as of 2017 (15,194 acres).<ref name="toaks">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space|title=Trails & Open Space | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064605/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> 928 acres of the [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]] (SMMNRA) is within the southern borders of the city.<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm#Santa ]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209163754/http://conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm |date=February 9, 2016 }} Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</ref> Thousand Oaks is within the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]] and is 38 miles west of Los Angeles. [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] is located on the other side of the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/> Conejo Valley is bordered by the Santa Monica's to the south, [[Conejo Mountains]] to the west and north, and the [[Simi Hills]] to the northeast.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/>
Thousand Oaks has grown due to the incorporation of neighboring cities. Two-thirds of [[Westlake Village]] and most of [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] were annexed by the city in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="conejovalleyguide3"/><ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 55"/><ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 54. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] currently makes up around 40 percent of the city's total land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/tell-me-a-little-bit-about-newbury-park.html|title=Tell Me a Little Bit About Newbury Park}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is located at {{coord|34|11|22|N|118|52|30|W|type:city}} (34.189489, -118.875053).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|55.2|sqmi|km2}}. {{convert|55.0|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.15|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.27%) is water.
Although Thousand Oaks has several shopping centers, including the [[Janss Marketplace]] mall, [[The Oaks Shopping Center|The Oaks]] mall, and [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard|W. Thousand Oaks Blvd.]], a large portion of the city's inhabitants live in suburban communities a distance from the commercial centers of the city. The large housing districts near Lynn Road to the north and west are an example of this [[Urban sprawl|sprawl]], despite attempts by Ventura County planners to reduce it.<ref>Rochester, Teresa (March 27, 2014) "Diversity will shape Thousand Oaks' future" ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref> Many housing tracts are surrounded by walls. This design is meant to keep heavy traffic away from residential roads.<ref>McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 120. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
[[File:Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.65|[[Conejo Grade]] and [[Conejo Mountain]] in westernmost [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]. The [[Topa Topa Mountains]] can be seen in the far back.]]
=== Physiography ===
[[File:Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Clef Ridge]] is a 1,076 ft volcanic mountain.]]
The physiography is dominated by prominent knolls, surrounding mountains, open vistas and native oak woodland. It is home to 50–60,000 oak trees,<ref name="toacorn.com"/> and the city is characterized by its many oak trees and rolling green hills.<ref>Strong, Kathy (2011). ''Southern California Off the Beaten Path: A Guide to Unique Places. Rowman & Littlefield''. Page 42. {{ISBN|9780762774784}}.</ref>
The northern parts consist of mountainous terrain in the [[Simi Hills]], [[Conejo Mountains]] and [[Mount Clef Ridge]]. Narrow canyons such as [[Hill Canyon]] cut through the steeper mountainous areas. [[Conejo Mountain]] and [[Conejo Grade]] are found in westernmost [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], while the southernmost parts of Thousand Oaks are made up of [[Russell Valley]], [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California|Hidden Valley]] and the steep rugged slopes of the [[Santa Monica Mountains]]. The elevation ranges from 500 feet in the northwest to the 2,403 feet [[Simi Peak]]. The major drainage is [[Conejo Creek]] (Arroyo Conejo).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf |title=Seismic Hazard Zone Report for the Thousand Oaks 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California |access-date=October 1, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070943/http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf |archive-date=October 2, 2017 }} (Pages 5-6).</ref>
Wetlands include [[Banning Dam|Lake Eleanor]], [[Arroyo Conejo|Paradise Falls]] in [[Wildwood Regional Park]], [[Twin Ponds (Newbury Park)|Twin Ponds]] in [[Dos Vientos Open Space|Dos Vientos]] and the 7-acre [[Hill Canyon|Hill Canyon Wetlands]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
{{geographic location
| title = '''Destinations from Thousand Oaks'''
| Centre = Thousand Oaks
| North = [[Moorpark, California|Moorpark]]
| Northeast = [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]]
| East = [[Oak Park, California|Oak Park]]<br />[[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]]
| Southeast =
| South = ''[[Santa Monica Mountains]]''
| West = [[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]]<br />[[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]
| Northwest = [[Camarillo, California|Camarillo]]
}}
=== Climate ===
The region experiences a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]) or dry-summer subtropical zone climate, with hot, sunny, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. Vegetation is typical of [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] environments, with chaparral and grasses on the hillsides and numerous western valley oaks. Its elevation ranges from about 500 to 900 feet (excluding the mountains and hills). The area has slightly cooler temperatures than the surrounding areas, as it receives cooler air from the ocean through various hill and mountain passes. On March 10 and 11, 2006, snow fell on the peak of [[Boney Mountain]], the first snow to fall in the area in about 20 years. Snow also fell on Boney Peak on December 17 and 18, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate|title=Thousand Oaks, California, USA - Discover World|website=www.discoverworld.com|language=en-US|access-date=January 24, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071723/https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate|archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>
In line with the rest of coastal California, temperatures at [[solar noon]] tend to fluctuate between 70–80 °F (21–26 °C) during summer, and rarely drop below 60–65 °F (15–18 °C) during winter.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 26. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Thousand Oaks, California
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 65.0
|Feb high F = 65.3
|Mar high F = 68.5
|Apr high F = 71.0
|May high F = 74.5
|Jun high F = 79.7
|Jul high F = 84.7
|Aug high F = 84.6
|Sep high F = 83.1
|Oct high F = 77.3
|Nov high F = 71.3
|Dec high F = 65.4
|Jan record high F = 92
|Feb record high F = 92
|Mar record high F = 96
|Apr record high F = 105
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 106
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 119
|Oct record high F = 108
|Nov record high F = 99
|Dec record high F = 99
|year record high F= 119
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 45.6
|Feb low F = 44.4
|Mar low F = 46.7
|Apr low F = 48.0
|May low F = 51.5
|Jun low F = 56.1
|Jul low F = 59.4
|Aug low F = 58.0
|Sep low F = 57.7
|Oct low F = 53.2
|Nov low F = 47.9
|Dec low F = 44.0
|Jan record low F = 25
|Feb record low F = 26
|Mar record low F = 25
|Apr record low F = 30
|May record low F = 35
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 42
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 40
|Oct record low F = 32
|Nov record low F = 28
|Dec record low F = 25
|year record low F =25
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.88
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.20
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.45
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.84
|May precipitation inch = 0.34
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.06
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.02
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.18
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.74
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.39
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.38
|year precipitation inch = 16.54
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.weatherforyou.com/reports/index.php?forecast=pass&pass=normals&zipcode=91358&place=thousand+oaks&state=ca&country=us&hwvRMon=Jan| title =Thousand Oaks, California, United States (91358)
| access-date =2021-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/8822beff90baa667290ffa29247bbb8c165507fdcc924239cf7ff4f54186d476| title =Thousand Oaks, CA Monthly Weather| access-date =2021-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.climate-charts.com/USA-Stations/CA/USC00048904.html |title= Thousand Oaks, California: Climate and Daylight Charts and Data| access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref>
}}
== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1950= 1243
|1960= 2934
|1970= 35873
|1980= 77072
|1990= 104352
|2000= 117005
|2010= 126683
|estyear=2019
|estimate=126813
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{bar box
|title = Ancestry in Thousand Oaks
|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Origin |right1=percent |float=right
|bars =
{{bar percent|[[German American]]|dodgerblue|15.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Mexican American]]|lightblue|12.9}}
{{bar percent|[[English American]]|black|11.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Irish American]]|purple|10.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Italian American]]|darkred|7.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Russian American]]|lightgreen|3.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Chinese American]]|yellow|3.3}}
{{bar percent|[[French American]]|orange|3.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Polish American]]|green|3.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Scottish American]]|pink|2.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Indian American]]|lightred|2.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Norwegian American]]|blue|2.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Swedish American]]|white|2}}
{{bar percent|[[Dutch American]]|darkgreen|1.5}}
{{bar percent|[[African American]]|red|1.3}}
{{bar percent|Other{{efn|Mostly [[Multiracial American]], other [[Asian Americans|Asian]] or other [[European Americans|European ancestry]]}}|gray|18.9}}
}}
The city neighborhoods were built for the blue- and white-collar class in the 1950s. Today it is an upscale city with highly educated residents.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121">McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 121. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref> The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Thousand Oaks city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117114255/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582|archive-date=January 17, 2016}}</ref> reported that Thousand Oaks had a population of 126,683. The [[population density]] was 2,295.8 people per square mile (886.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of Thousand Oaks was 101,702 (80.3%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1,674 (1.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 497 (0.4%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 11,043 (8.7%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 146 (0.1%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 6,869 (5.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4,752 (3.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 21,341 persons (16.8%). The largest ancestry group is German-Americans 20,381 (15.8%), followed by Mexican 16,640 (12.9%), English 15,092 (11.7%), Irish 13,802 (10.7%), Italian 9,287 (7.2%), Russian 4,385 (3.4%), Chinese 4,256 (3.3%), French 4,127 (3.2%), Polish 4,127 (3.2%), Scottish 3,482 (2.7%), Indian 3,482 (2.7%), Norwegian 2,837 (2.2%) and Swedish 2,579 (2%).<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="neighborhoodscout">{{cite web|url=https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics|title=Thousand Oaks, CA Demographics and Population Statistics|website=NeighborhoodScout|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000946/https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>
The census reported that 124,941 people (98.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,390 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 352 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 45,836 households, out of which 16,439 (35.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27,206 (59.4%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 4,260 (9.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,925 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,761 (3.8%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 284 (0.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 9,728 households (21.2%) were made up of individuals, and 4,459 (9.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73. There were 33,391 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (72.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.15.
The population was spread out, with 30,076 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 10,226 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 29,853 people (23.6%) aged 25 to 44, 37,964 people (30.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 18,564 people (14.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
There were 47,497 housing units at an average density of 860.8 per square mile (332.3/km<sup>2</sup>), of which 33,501 (73.1%) were owner-occupied, and 12,335 (26.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 92,510 people (73.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,431 people (25.6%) lived in rental housing units.
The median income for a household in the city was $121,088.
== Government ==
[[File:Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg|thumb|City Hall is housed at [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]].]]
[[File:Topa TopaMountains.jpg|thumb|A view of the [[Topatopa Mountains]] and Amgen.]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:to3.jpg|thumb|The Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza and City Hall. It is the only performing arts center of its size and stature between Los Angeles and San Francisco.]] -->
Thousand Oaks does not directly elect its mayor; instead, council members take turns rotating into the position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|title=City Government|publisher=Thousand Oaks|access-date=February 9, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|archive-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Mitnick>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html |title=Thousand Oaks City Manager Scott Mitnick fired |first=Mike |last=Harris |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225816/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html |archive-date=July 10, 2016 }}</ref>
According to the city's most recent (2019) Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fund financial statements, the city's various funds had $175.9 million in revenues, $169.8 million in expenditures, $1.01 billion in total assets, $176.3 million in total liabilities, and $27 million in investments:<ref name="toaks1">[https://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=23457 City of Thousand Oaks 2019 CAFR]</ref>
The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:<ref name="toaks1" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Department
! Director
|-
|City Manager
|Andrew Powers<ref name="VCS 20160713" /><ref name="vcstar3">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/|website=vcstar.com|title=Interim T.O. city manager hired permanently|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113183155/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/|archive-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|City Attorney
|Tracy Noonan
|-
|City Clerk
|Cynthia Rodriguez
|-
|Cultural Affairs
|Vacant
|-
|Community Development
|Mark Towne
|-
|Finance
|Jamie Boscarino
|-
|Fire
|John Spykerman
|-
|Human Resources
|Tim Giles
|-
|Library Services
|Heather Cousin
|-
|Police
|James Fryhoff
|-
|Public Works
|Clifford Finley
|}
Established in 1964, the [[City Manager]]'s post is charged with coordinating [[City Council]] policies and direction, and provides overall management administration of the city's ten departments. Administrative tasks are performed with assistance of four professional and three clerical staff members, including the Assistant City Manager, which serves in a key position. A major responsibility for the City Manager is the development of the annual city budget.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 11-12.]</ref>
As a chief legal advisor to the city, the [[City Attorney]] provides assistance and advice to all city departments and commissions. The attorney also represents the city in legal matters. The City Clerk's responsibilities include conducting elections, maintaining the custody of official city codes and records, administrating the oath of office given to elected officials, receiving legal claims, issuing marriage licenses, and receiving passport applications.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 12-13.]</ref>
Elected officials are very aware of the anti-growth sentiment that is common among the residents. All new development is described as slow-growth in order to be accepted by the community.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html |title=Advocates for Thousand Oaks Boulevard plan see chance to revitalize commercial corridor |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |first=Amanda |last=Covarrubias |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=July 19, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719062058/http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html |archive-date=July 19, 2016 }}</ref>
Ordinances protect oak trees and the city prioritizes planting more in street medians and other public land.<ref>Gold, Scott (July 18, 2014) [https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html "Thousand Oaks redevelopment sparks public outcry to save the trees"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720035435/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html |date=July 20, 2014 }} ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> More than {{convert|15,000|acre|km2}} have been preserved as [[Open space reserve|open space]], containing more than {{convert|75|mi|km}} of trails. Open space has been acquired through land dedications by developers, purchase, and [[conservation easements]]. Donations of open space have been made by [[Bob Hope]] and [[Joel McCrea]]. The largest donor has been the [[Prudential Financial|Prudential Company]] which developed the community of Westlake and eventually gave more than {{convert|3,000 |acres}}.<ref>Rochester, Teresa (June 4, 2014) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys "Thousand Oaks needs new revenue to complete ring of green"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605075443/http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys |date=June 5, 2015 }} ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref>
=== Political strength ===
Thousand Oaks and neighboring [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]] have traditionally been strongholds for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] in Ventura County.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley |title='Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency. |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first=Kenneth R. |last=Weiss |date=October 27, 1991 |access-date=February 10, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211065419/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley |archive-date=February 11, 2016 }}</ref><ref>Here Publishing (2004). ''The Advocate No. 917, June 22, 2004''. Page 43. ISSN 0001-8996.</ref><ref name="lat20000219">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485|title=GOP Widens Lead in Registered Voters Within Ventura County|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Daryl|last=Kelley|date=February 19, 2000|access-date=February 10, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211025521/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485|archive-date=February 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="countyofventura">{{cite web|url=http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf|date=October 24, 2014|title=District Registration by Party|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011091450/http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf|archive-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> {{As of|2007}}, Thousand Oaks had three registered Republican voters for every two Democrats.<ref>Congressional Quarterly Inc. (2007). ''Congressional Districts: A Portrait of America''. Page 93. {{ISBN|978-0-87187-722-2}}.</ref> 45.8% of voters were registered Republicans in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html|title=Voters register for election – January 11, 2008 – www.mpacorn.com – Moorpark Acorn|work=mpacorn.com|access-date=February 10, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131015010/http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html|archive-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> By 2018, the party registrations for Thousand Oaks residents were 38% Republican, 33.7% Democrat, and 25% no preference, with the remainder split among other parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/154day-stwddirprim-2018/politicalsub.pdf|title=Report of Registration County Summary|publisher=County of Ventura|date=October 22, 2018|access-date=November 8, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108214638/https://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ventura-County-15-Day-Report-of-Registration-Summary.pdf|archive-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is located adjacent to [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]], often nicknamed "Reagan Country",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley|title='Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency.|first=KENNETH R.|last=WEISS|date=October 27, 1991|via=LA Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/08/rubio-wows-them-in-reagan-country-061956|title=Rubio wows them in Reagan country}}</ref> where the former president is buried at the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] near the Thousand Oaks border. The former president hired Bruce Oxford to work at his [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]] ranch in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Oxford had established the [[Thousand Oaks Meat Locker]] on today's [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]], a place where Reagan often returned to. During Reagan's run for [[California gubernatorial election, 1966|governor of California in 1966]], he stayed at the Meat Locker while awaiting the election returns. During the [[1980 US Presidential Election|1980 presidential election]], Reagan returned to Thousand Oaks Boulevard (then Ventura Boulevard).<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 129. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Presidents [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Gerald Ford]] and [[Ronald Reagan]] have held speeches at [[California Lutheran University]],<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 68. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref><ref name="callutheran3">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s|title=History|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032208/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> while President [[George W. Bush]] visited Newbury Park in 2003.<ref name="nphs">{{cite web|url=http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm|website=nphs.org|title=President Bush Visits Newbury Park|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818214624/http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm|archive-date=August 18, 2004}}</ref><ref name="malibutimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html|title=Presidential visit to Santa Monica Mountains creates controversy | News|website=malibutimes.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> The [[College Republicans|Republican Club]] at [[California Lutheran University]] has gained national prominence by having "the highest ratio of club members to number of students of any College Republican club in California."<ref>Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). ''Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 121. {{ISBN|9780802841216}}.</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:Amgenheadquarters.jpg|thumb|[[Amgen]] is the world's largest biotechnology firm and the largest employer in the Conejo Valley.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 128–129. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>]]
[[File:The oaks mall main entrance.jpg|thumb|[[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks]] is the largest shopping mall in [[Ventura County]].<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 67. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref name="latimes2">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs|title=3 New Leases Signed at Mall|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006115158/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs|archive-date=October 6, 2015|date=May 19, 1992}}</ref>]]
[[File:Los robles medical center receiving.jpg|thumb|[[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center|Los Robles Hospital]] has earned multiple top honors for its specialized care.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 71. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref><ref>Triem, Judith P. (1990). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 216-217. {{ISBN|9780945092162}}.</ref>]]
[[File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg|thumb|Sage Publications is headquartered in [[Newbury Park, CA]].]]
While agriculture was the dominant industry in Thousand Oaks until the 1950s, a number of high-tech companies moved to [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in the 1960s. Today it is home to a number of high-tech and biotech companies, and has been dubbed "the next Silicon Valley" for this reason.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 111"/><ref name="vcstar4">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Conejo Valley sees signs of becoming biotech mecca|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052352/http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/|archive-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> Thousand Oaks has been named one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. It was ranked the seventh richest city in America by [[Trulia]] in 2013,<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/|title=Americas richest cities in 2013 - Americas richest cities in 2013|website=CBS News|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052222/https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/|archive-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> while it was ranked the 13th wealthiest U.S. city by [[NerdWallet]] in 2016.<ref name="ocregister">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/|title=Five Orange County cities ranked among nation's 20 wealthiest – Orange County Register|website=ocregister.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128172102/https://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/|archive-date=January 28, 2018|date=May 24, 2016}}</ref>
The city's economy is based on a range of businesses including biotechnology, electronics, automotive, aerospace, telecommunications, healthcare, and financing. [[Amgen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/09/20/new-regs-aim-help-grow-biotech-sector-thousand-oaks-home-amgen/2344845001/|title=Home of Amgen, Thousand Oaks puts out welcome mat for similar biotech businesses|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=September 20, 2019|website=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> [[Teledyne Technologies]],<ref>Rubin, Richard (2015). ''Directory of Corporate Counsel: 2015–2016 Edition''. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. Page 1248. {{ISBN|9781454856535}}.</ref> [[SAGE Publications]],<ref name="sagepub">{{cite web|url=https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us|title=Contact Us | SAGE Publications Inc|website=us.sagepub.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127000124/https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us|archive-date=November 27, 2017|date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> and [[Skyworks Solutions]] have corporate headquarters in the city, while [[Bank of America]], [[Baxter International]], [[General Dynamics Corporation]], [[Verizon]], [[Verizon Wireless]],<ref>Barros, Christine L. (2002). ''Los Angeles Job Bank''. Adams Media. Page 144. {{ISBN|9781580628198}}.</ref> [[Volkswagen]],<ref name="neftinvw">{{cite web|url=http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca|website=neftinvw.com|title=Contact Neftin Volkswagen in Thousand Oaks California|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021135001/http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca|archive-date=October 21, 2017}}</ref> [[Audi]],<ref name="audiwestlake">{{cite web|url=https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm|title=Rusnak/Westlake Audi | New Audi dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362|website=audiwestlake.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045215/https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm|archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> [[General Motors]], [[BMW]],<ref name="rusnakbmw">{{cite web|url=https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm|title=Rusnak BMW | New BMW dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362|website=rusnakbmw.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044842/https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm|archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> Silver Star Automotive Group, and [[Anthem Blue Cross]] manage regional offices. Thousand Oaks also has large employers as [[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center]], [[Conejo Valley Unified School District]], City of Thousand Oaks, [[Hyatt Hotels]], and [[California Lutheran University]] headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250 |title=City of Thousand Oaks, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015 |access-date=August 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911080340/http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 }} (Page 160)</ref><ref name="conejovalley">{{cite web|url=http://conejovalley.com/business/conejovalleyemployers.html|title=Conejo Valley - The Conejo Valley's Largest Employers|website=conejovalley.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> The city was also the former home to the corporate offices of [[Wellpoint]] and [[GTE]], which later became [[Verizon]], which relocated in the last decade. [[Hewlett-Packard]] was also previously located here.<ref>Chalquist, Craig (2008). ''Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real''. Craig Chalquist. Page 279. {{ISBN|9780595514625}}.</ref>
[[J.D. Power and Associates]] is headquartered in Thousand Oaks.<ref>"[http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm Contact Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614112021/http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm |date=June 14, 2012 }}." [[J. D. Power and Associates]]. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref><ref>"[https://www.census.gov Thousand Oaks city, California]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref><!--The postal address says "Westlake Village," but a map search will show that it is really in Thousand Oaks--> J.D. Power began moving its employees from its former headquarters in [[Agoura Hills, California]], to its current headquarters in the Westlake section of Thousand Oaks in the weekend after April 11, 2002.<ref>"[https://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3 Ventura County; IN BRIEF / THOUSAND OAKS; J.D. Power Moving to New Headquarters] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150130074922/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3 |date=January 30, 2015 }}." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. April 11, 2002. B3. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref> The communities of Thousand Oaks, [[Westlake Village]], and [[Agoura Hills]] are served by the Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce, one of the few in California to receive four-star accreditation from the United States Chamber of Commerce.<ref>"[http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce accreditation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801112344/http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx |date=August 1, 2010 }}"</ref>
Measure P, a marijuana business tax, was approved by voters in November 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/05/15/thousand-oaks-city-council-allow-marijuana-deliveries-recreational-medicinal/1170367001/|title=Under state dictate, Thousand Oaks to begrudgingly regulate marijuana deliveries in city|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=May 15, 2019|website=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref>
Demographic data shows that more and more of the local labor force lives within 20 miles of their place of work, and fewer Thousand Oaks residents are making the 30-mile commute to [[Los Angeles]]. Over 40 percent of residents are employed as executives or business professionals.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26"/>
The median home price is $699,900,<ref name="zillow">{{cite web|url=https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/|title=Thousand Oaks CA Home Prices & Home Values|website=Zillow|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713182344/https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/|archive-date=July 13, 2017}}</ref> which is over twice the national median home price.<ref name="businessinsider">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8|title=How much it costs to buy a home in the 15 safest cities in America|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024051615/http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8|archive-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref> It had the second-highest median home prices in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] in 1999.<ref>McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 106. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
=== Top employers ===
According to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>[http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=17130 Page 162]</ref> the top employers in the city are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No.
! Employer
! No. of employees
|-
| 1
|[[Amgen Inc.]]
|5,125
|-
|2
|[[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks (shopping mall)]]
|2,345
|-
|3
|[[Conejo Valley Unified School District]]
|1,900
|-
|4
|[[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center]]
|1,670
|-
|5
|[[Anthem Inc.]]
|1,415
|-
|6
|[[California Lutheran University]]
|1,126
|-
|7
|[[Shire (pharmaceutical company)|Shire]] (formerly [[Baxalta]])
|1,000
|-
|8
|[[Skyworks Solutions Inc]]
|645
|-
|9
|[[PennyMac Loan Services]]
|623
|-
|10
|[[Sage Publications Inc]]
|591
|}
== Culture ==
[[File:Lisa Loeb 10-31-2015 -11 (22662582785).jpg|thumb|[[Lisa Loeb]] performing at "Spokes In The Oaks".]]
[[File:Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg|thumb|[[Aebleskiver]] at the annual [[California Lutheran University#Scandinavian Festival|Scandinavian Festival]].]]
[[Conejo Valley Art Museum]] has showcased collections from artists such as [[Elizabeth Williams (artist)|Elizabeth Williams]], [[David Rose (animator)|David Rose]] and [[Howard Brodie]].<ref name="toacorn3">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/|title=Conejo Valley Art Museum is alive and well | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> [[Chumash Indian Museum]] on Lang Ranch Parkway has displays of [[Chumash people|Chumash]] artifacts and a reconstructed Chumash village.<ref>Smith-Llera, Danielle (2016). ''The Chumash: The Past and Present of California's Seashell People''. Capstone. Page 22. {{ISBN|9781515702375}}.</ref> Another museum, the 1876 [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], is located in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] and is a [[California Historical Landmark]].<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 104-106. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref> Also in Newbury Park is [[Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center]], a museum at the foothills of [[Boney Peak|Mount Boney]], which is a sacred site for the Chumash people.<ref name="latimes3">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2|title=Museums, Festivals, Classes Open Door to Learning Indian History - Page 2|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151008002511/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2|archive-date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> [[American Radio Archive]] is a museum at [[Grant R. Brimhall Library]] dedicated to the history of radio. It contains one of the largest collections of radio broadcasting in the United States<ref>Sterling, Christopher H. and Cary O'Dell (2009). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio''. Routledge. Page 472. {{ISBN|978-0415995337}}.</ref> and in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolibrary.org/research/special-collections-home/american-radio-archives|title=American Radio Archives - Thousand Oaks, CA|website=www.tolibrary.org}}</ref> California Museum of Art is located at [[The Oaks Shopping Center]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] is home to two theaters: the 1,800-seat Fred Kavli Theatre and Ray Scherr Forum Theatre.<ref name="toaks2">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340|title=Civic Arts Plaza | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110547/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> [[Willie Nelson]],<ref name="latimes4">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html|website=latimesblogs.latimes.com|title=The L.A. Times music blog|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154357/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> [[Paul Anka]],<ref name="simivalleyacorn">{{cite web|url=https://www.simivalleyacorn.com/articles/anka-delivers-classic-tunes-at-kavli-theatre/|title=Anka delivers classic tunes at Kavli Theatre|website=Simi Valley Acorn|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Vince Gill]],<ref name="vcstar5">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/2017/03/15/vince-gill-talks-life-loss-and-touring-lovett/99185148/|website=vcstar.com|title=Vince Gill talks life, loss and touring with Lovett|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Kris Kristofferson]]<ref name="noozhawk">{{cite web|url=https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson|title=Gerald Carpenter: Kris Kristofferson To Touch and Go at Thousand Oaks Concert | Arts & Entertainment|website=Noozhawk.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154417/https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> and [[Peter, Paul and Mary]]<ref name="vcstar6">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/02/15/two-peter-paul-and-mary-trio-continue-tour-thousand-oaks/97954398/|website=vcstar.com|title=Two of Peter, Paul and Mary trio continue tour in Thousand Oaks|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> have performed at [[Fred Kavli Theatre]]. Entertainers such as [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Bill Cosby]], [[David Copperfield (illusionist)|David Copperfield]], [[BB King]], [[Sheryl Crow]] and [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] have also performed at the Civic Arts Plaza.<ref>Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 52. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref>
[[Conejo Players Theatre]] has over 200 active members and was established in 1958.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 98. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref> [[Hillcrest Center for the Arts]] is home to Gothic Productions, Young Artists Ensemble, Thousand Oaks Actors Guild and other groups. Hillcrest Center is also home to Classics in the Park, which arranges annual summer concerts in Conejo Community Park.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 98-100. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref name="hillcrestarts">{{cite web|url=http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about|website=hillcrestarts.com|title=Hillcrest Center for the Arts About Us|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001053955/http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> Galleries include Fred Kavli Theatre Gallery, [[Thousand Oaks Community Art Gallery]] and William Rolland Gallery of Fine Art.<ref name="toaks3">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries|title=Galleries | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154211/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref>
The annual Scandinavian Festival (“Scan Fest”) is an annual weekend spring festival which takes place at [[California Lutheran University]] every April. The festival was the first held as an accomplishment of John J. Nordberg, who was instrumental in getting the first [[American-Scandinavian Foundation]] chapter chartered in Thousand Oaks. The festival was established in order to boost cultural ties between California Lutheran College and the [[Nordic Countries]]. The festival offers foods, folk dances, music, literature and art from the Nordic Countries, including from [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], [[Iceland]], [[Finland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. The first festival was held in 1974 and was attended by over a thousand visitors.<ref>Hekhuis, Mary (1984). ''California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century''. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 56.</ref>
[[Conejo Valley Days]] is an annual spring festival with a carnival.<ref name="Kath 2011 Page 45"/>
OakHeart Country Music Festival is an annual outdoor country music concert held in June at the Conejo Creek Park fields. It is put on by the Borderline Bar and Grill and the Rotary Club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oakheartcmf.com/|title=OakHeart Country Music Festival|website=OakHeart Country Music Festival}}</ref> Previous performances include [[Rodney Atkins]], [[Tyler Farr]], [[Justin Moore]], [[Josh Turner]], [[Big & Rich]], [[Jana Kramer]], as well as other major names in [[country music]].<ref>https://www.oakheartcmf.com/history-of-oakheart?lightbox=dataItem-iitduh3t</ref>
On September 22, 2018, the City of Thousand Oaks hosted its first, [[intersectional]] LGBTQ+ event outside of the Mary and Richard Carpenter Civic Arts Plaza Park. The Festival hosted over 2,000 attendees and its highlights included LGBTQ+ talent in the form of spoken word, dance, music, and art. The Festival also featured mental and physical health services, LGBTQ+ non-profits, supportive religious organizations, local business vendors, a tribute to the 1969 [[Stonewall Riots]], youth arts/crafts, and more. The initial goal of this event was to bring critical visibility to the entire LGBTQ+ community of the Conejo Valley and to provide a cathartic experience for all attendees. The festival's organizers hope to make this an annual tradition.<ref>https://www.conejovalleypride.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-fest-will-share-its-pride/ |title=Conejo Valley fest will share its pride |work=The Acorn |date=September 13, 2018 |access-date=April 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alicia Doyle |url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/08/09/2-events-celebrate-ventura-countys-lgbtq-community/885731002/ |title=2 events celebrate Ventura County's LGBTQ community |work=Vcstar.com |date=August 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/filled-with-pride/ |title=Filled with pride |work=Toacorn.com |date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CONEJO VALLEY PRIDE: Creating Community Through Visibility |url=http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/|work=Rage Monthly |date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131526/http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/ |archive-date=November 16, 2018}}</ref>
== Public safety ==
:See Also: [http://vcemergency.com the '''Ventura county''' emergency communications hub]
=== Fire department ===
[[File:Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg|thumb|Fire Station 35 in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] opened in 2017 and replaced the 1962 station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vcfd.org/station-35|title=Station 35|website=vcfd.org}}</ref>]]
The [[Ventura County Fire Department]] provides [[fire protection]] and [[emergency medical services]] for Thousand Oaks and the surrounding areas. [[American Medical Response]] is the contracted paramedic ambulance provider for the area.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
Prior to the 1930s, fires were fought by local ranchers. Conejo Valley residents all signed a petition appealing for a truck. The request was presented to Ventura County Fire Warden, [[Walter Emerick]], in April 1931. [[Louis Goebel]], the owner of [[Goebel's Lion Farm]], contacted the warden and wrote: "If you provide Thousand Oaks with a fire truck, I'll build a fire station for it and you can use it as long as you want." The offer was accepted and Goebel built a 22-by-50 ft. extension onto his main building. On the evening of March 28, 1932, Walter Emerick delivered the valley's first fire engine.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 103. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Tom Moody became the first Conejo Valley Fire Chief and established a temporary fire station in [[Lake Sherwood, California|Lake Sherwood]] in 1942. Two permanent fire stations were built in 1949: one in Lake Sherwood and a new station at 67 Erbes Road which replaced the fire station at Goebel's Lion Farm. In 1961 Fire Station 34 was constructed followed by Station 35 in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 1962. Two stations were established to replace Station 31 on Erbes Road: Station 30 on Hillcrest Dr. (1974) and a new Fire Station 31 on Duesenburg Drive (1977). Fire Station 36 was built in 1985, followed by Station 37 in North Ranch in 2001.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 104. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Conejo Valley fire personnel work closely with their counterparts across the county border in [[Los Angeles County Fire Department|Los Angeles County]], and reciprocate their services both Ventura- and L.A. Counties.<ref name="Commerce 1973 Page 9">Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce (1973). ''Conejo Valley: Thousand Oaks, California''. Thousand Oaks, CA: Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce. Page 9.</ref>
=== Law enforcement ===
[[File:Ventura County Sheriff Bell HH-1H (205) "N205SD".jpg|thumb|[[Ventura County Sheriff]] helicopter.]]
[[Thousand Oaks Police Department]] and [[Ventura County Sheriff's Office]] provide [[law enforcement]] services for the city. Thousand Oaks Police Department was established on July 1, 1965, nine months after the city was incorporated, and has contracted the sheriff's department to provide police service since inception.<ref name="toacorn4">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/|title=The First TOPD | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref>
The city's police department was instituted on July 1, 1965, with a personnel complement of twelve persons and two patrol vehicles. Captain T. Burt Stevens was the city's first Chief of Police.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 16.]</ref> The police station was originally operated under contract with the [[Ventura County Sheriff's Department]]. Fifteen officers, a sergeant, and a station commander serving as police chief, began work officially on July 1, 1965. Prior to the new police station, the closest deputies were in the city of [[Ventura, California|Ventura]] and had to make the far trek to the [[Conejo Valley]] when crimes occurred. A resident deputy had also been assigned to the valley prior to the new station, who received his calls out of the family home. When the police station was established, it was originally two patrol cars to cover the city.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 109. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref> As of 1973, the police department was staffed by nineteen deputies from the Ventura County Sheriff's East Valley Station. There were four one-man patrol vehicles which were operated on 24-hour basis.<ref name="Commerce 1973 Page 9"/>
At first, the police station was housed in a room at the Park Oaks Fire Station, on the corner of Avenida de Los Arboles and Moorpark Road. As the officers soon outgrew the small room, the house across the street was rented and turned into a police station. The little house on Avenida de Los Arboles gave way to a professional sheriff's station, which was established on Olsen Road in 1969. It was replaced in 1988 with a more modern station, located just a half mile down Olsen Road.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 110-111. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
=== Crime ===
Thousand Oaks is one of the safest cities in America, according to consistent FBI reporting.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26"/> In October 2013, Thousand Oaks was ranked the fourth safest city with a population over 100,000 in America, according to an annual report by the FBI.<ref name="FBI – safest city">{{cite news|title=Thousand Oaks Ranks As 4th Safest City In U.S.|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/|access-date=August 26, 2016|publisher=CBS|date=October 14, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913130511/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/|archive-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> It has one of the lowest crime rates in California.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121"/> The company [[Niche (company)|Niche]] ranked Thousand Oaks as America's second-safest city in 2016.<ref name="businessinsider2">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1|title=The 25 safest American cities to live in|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123003037/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1|archive-date=November 23, 2017}}</ref> The city experienced its first homicide in four years in October 2014.<ref name="toacorn5">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/crime-reports-down-in-t-o-in-2014/|title=Crime reports down in T.O. in 2014 | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref>
Despite a significant population growth since the 1990s, the city has experienced a general [[crime drop|crime decline]].<ref name="vcstar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/|title=Crime on rise in Thousand Oaks for 2016|website=vcstar.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316074452/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/|archive-date=March 16, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, there were 1.05 violent crimes per 1,000 residents, up from 0.99 in 2014. Overall, the city experienced a one percent crime decrease between 2014 and 2015.<ref name="toacorn6">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/report-violent-crime-rate-in-t-o-remains-historically-low/|title=Report: Violent crime rate in T.O. remains historically low | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> Petty theft was the most-reported crime category in 2013, accounting for 40% of all crimes.<ref name="toacorn7">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/|title=City's crime rate continues to topple | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref>
==== 2018 mass shooting ====
{{main|Thousand Oaks shooting}}
On the night of Wednesday, November 7, 2018, at 11:20 p.m., a [[mass shooting]] occurred at the local ''Borderline Bar & Grill'', when a man entered the venue during a weekly country event. Thirteen people were killed while others suffered injuries.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
The portion of the Ventura Freeway that passes by the location has been named in honor of Ventura County Sheriff Sergeant Ron Helus, who was killed after entering the venue to confront the perpetrator.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://keyt.com/news/ventura-county/2019/11/06/sheriffs-office-dedicate-highway-sign-in-honor-of-sergeant-ron-helus-in-ventura-county/|title=Ventura County Sheriff's Office dedicates highway sign in honor of Sgt. Ron Helus|last=Nguyen|first=Julia|date=November 6, 2019|website=KEYT {{!}} KCOY|language=en-US|access-date=November 12, 2019}}</ref>
== Education ==
[[File:CLU Main Street.jpg|thumb|[[California Lutheran University]] has been rated the 13th best university in Western United States.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 46">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 46. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref><ref name="usnews">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|website=usnews.com|title=www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920181301/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|archive-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>]]
Thousand Oaks is served by the [[Conejo Valley Unified School District]]. Academic scores in public schools are high. Several schools are scoring in the top ten percent of schools in California.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121"/> It includes numerous elementary schools, [[Colina Middle School]], [[Redwood Middle School (Thousand Oaks)|Redwood Middle School]], [[Los Cerritos Middle School]]. The high schools of the area include [[Thousand Oaks High School]], [[Newbury Park High School]], and [[Westlake High School (California)|Westlake High School]]. Also part of the school district are [[Sycamore Canyon Middle School]] and [[Sequoia Middle School (Newbury Park, California)|Sequoia Middle School]], located in Newbury Park. [[Oaks Christian High School]], while located immediately outside Ventura County, matriculates numerous students from the county. [[La Reina High School]] is a private [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], all-girls junior/senior high school.
The [[Thousand Oaks Library]] system is consistently ranked as one of the best public libraries in California.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html | title=Hennen's American Public Library Ratings - CA | publisher=HAPLR index | access-date=April 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070421043154/http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 21, 2007}}</ref> The library consists of the [[Grant R. Brimhall Library]] in Thousand Oaks and the Newbury Park Branch Library in Newbury Park.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp | title=Thousand Oaks Library | publisher=Thousand Oaks Library website | access-date=April 29, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602184323/http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp | archive-date=June 2, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> A {{convert|22000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} children's library was added to the existing {{convert|62000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} main building in June 2006. The children's library expansion resulted in an improved children's services area, a 3800-gallon, salt-water aquarium; quiet study rooms; a technology training room; a children's programming room; and additional seating and shelving capacity for both the children's services area and adult services area. Both the main library and Newbury Park Branch offer free wireless Internet access.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm | title=Thousand Oaks Library Expansion Project | publisher=Thousand Oaks Library website | access-date=April 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070402083910/http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 2, 2007}}</ref>
For over ten consecutive years, [[California Lutheran University]] has been ranked among "Top 25 Universities in [[Western United States]]" by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' published by America's Best Colleges Guide.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 46"/> It was ranked 14th as of 2018.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133</ref>
== Sports ==
[[File:CLU Rolland Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Los Angeles Rams]] trains at [[California Lutheran University]] (CLU).<ref name="nfl">{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|title=Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site|website=NFL.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221852/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|archive-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="therams">{{cite web|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|website=therams.com|title=L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911023845/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[File:Jamon Brown.JPG|thumb|NFL-player [[Jamon Brown]] lives in Newbury Park.<ref name="vcstar7">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124323/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ocregister2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/|title=Bonsignore: Welcome to L.A., Rams – your new city has lots to offer – Orange County Register|website=ocregister.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090944/http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/|archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[Los Angeles Lightning]] is a local basketball team based at [[Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center]] at [[California Lutheran University]]. Besides having been the summer camp for [[NFL]] teams [[Los Angeles Rams]] and [[Dallas Cowboys]], CLU also served as the official training site of the 2008 and 2012 [[United States men's national water polo team|US Olympic Men's Water Polo teams]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/ |date=July 2, 2012b |title=U.S. Men's Olympic Water Polo Team Wrapping Up Training in Ventura County For 2012 Summer Games In London |website=KCLU.org |access-date=July 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711035233/http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/ |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A nearby company, ''[[DesignworksUSA]]'' in Newbury Park, has designed the U.S. Olympic Team's bobsleds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywoods-bespoke-bmw-a-listers-871606|title=Hollywood's Bespoke BMW: A-Listers Requesting Leather Dog Beds, Family Crests}}</ref> Furthermore, Newbury Park has been the location of several [[Tour of California]], a professional cycling race.<ref name="vcstar8">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Amgen Tour of California to make its way through Ventura County Tuesday|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054934/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html|archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toacorn8">{{cite web|url=http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/|title=Tour of California will finish in Thousand Oaks | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055619/http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/|archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>
[[AYSO]], club soccer (such as Apex Soccer Club, Newbury Park Soccer Club and Conejo Valley United), Conejo Youth Basketball Association, Conejo Valley Thunder [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]], [[Pop Warner Little Scholars|Pop Warner]] [[American football|football]], [[Little League]] [[baseball]], CYFFA [[flag football]], girls' [[softball]], organized swim team leagues, [[ice hockey]], and even organized [[lacrosse]], [[rugby football|rugby]] and [[field hockey]] have active programs. Conejo Simi Swim Club is the oldest (est. 1974) and most successful youth swim program in the area.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Ventura County Fusion]], a minor-league [[soccer]] team playing in the [[USL Premier Development League]], while based in nearby [[Ventura, California|Ventura]], has held home games at [[Newbury Park High School]] in Newbury Park. The Conejo Oaks semi-pro collegiate baseball team play in Thousand Oaks at [[Sparky Anderson|Sparky Anderson Field]].<ref>[http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html Conejo Oaks Baseball Club] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117214518/http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html |date=January 17, 2016 }} Official website Retrieved April 1, 2015.</ref> The Ventura County Outlaws is a [[rugby union]] team competing in the [[Southern California Rugby Football Union]], based in Thousand Oaks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/|title=Ventura County Rugby Club|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213324/http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/|archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref>
The city is home to the [[Sherwood Country Club]], a golf course designed by [[Jack Nicklaus]]. The annual [[Chevron World Challenge]] golf tournament hosted by [[Tiger Woods]] took place at the course from 2000 to 2013.<ref name="tigerwoods">{{cite web|url=http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/|title=The history of the Hero World Challenge - Newsfeed|website=news.tigerwoods.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220635/http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/|archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref>
===Professional Football===
For 27 years, [[California Lutheran University]] hosted the training camp for the [[Dallas Cowboys]]. The final camp was held in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|title=CLU Searching for New NFL Tenant|date=December 7, 1989|first=John|last=Ortega|access-date=February 11, 2016|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211101449/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football|archive-date=February 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42">Pearlman, Jeff (2009). ''Boys Will Be Boys: The Glory Days and Party Nights of the Dallas Cowboys Dynasty''. Harper Perennial. Page 42. {{ISBN|978-0061256813}}.</ref> The CLU [[American football|football]] practice field used by the [[Dallas Cowboys|Cowboys]] as well as the CLU Kingsmen football team was replaced by a large sports complex in 2006. The Cowboys Clubhouse in Thousand Oaks still stands across from the complex, and is currently a family residence. The [[Los Angeles Rams]]' temporary headquarters and practice facilities are located on the same campus until the team constructs their permanent training complex in Los Angeles (in a separate July 2016 agreement, the Rams signed a three-year deal with [[UC Irvine]] to use that university's Crawford Field for the team's training camp.)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|date=March 30, 2016|title=LA Rams Training Moving to Cal Lutheran|publisher=LA Rams|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401144546/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=April 1, 2016|access-date=April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rams to practice at Cal Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks |author=Staff |newspaper=Pacific Coast Business Times |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |url=http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403133306/http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/ |archive-date=April 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html |title=Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home |first=Joe |last=Curley |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225633/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html |archive-date=July 10, 2016 }}</ref>
===Baseball===
In August 1994, a team from Thousand Oaks Little League became the first Little League team in Ventura County to win a World Championship, winning the [[Junior League World Series]] championship game 20–3.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks|title = Thousand Oaks All-Stars Welcomed Like Winners : Youth: Junior League World Series champions dominated Ohio opponent, despite mustachioed outfielders.|last = Jordan|first = Phyllis W.|date = August 22, 1994|work = [[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|archive-url = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150401192550/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks|archive-date = April 1, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> In 1996, a Senior Division (ages 14–16) Thousand Oaks Little League team won a National Championship. Two years later in 1998, a Big League Division (ages 17–18) Conejo Valley Little League team won a World Championship, defeating a Venezuelan Team 10–9 in the [[Big League World Series]] and going 26–1 in tournament play. In 2006, Thousand Oaks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm |title=Thousand Oaks Big League |publisher=Eteamz.active.com |date=September 1, 2009 |access-date=December 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409184017/http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm |archive-date=April 9, 2011 }}</ref> won the World Championship in the Big League Division (ages 16–18) of Little League by defeating a team from [[Puerto Rico]] 10–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm |title=Little League Online |publisher=Littleleague.org |access-date=June 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614001436/http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2012 }}</ref>
The Thousand Oaks Big League team were also World Series runners-up in 2003 and 2005. In 2007, they were United States runner-up. In 2009, they won the United States Championship and appeared on prime time on ESPN. In the summer of 2004, the Little League National Championship team hailed from Thousand Oaks. The Conejo Valley East<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball |title=Conejo Valley Little League Baseball Home |publisher=Cvll.net |access-date=December 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729170507/http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball |archive-date=July 29, 2012 }}</ref> team of 11- and 12-year-olds went 22–0 in local, regional, and World Series tournaments play claiming the national title at the [[2004 Little League World Series]] in [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania]] before losing in the international title game to the team from [[Curaçao]], [[Caribbean]].<ref name="toacorn9">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/t-o-big-league-team-experiences-baseball-bliss-traveling-the-country/|title=T.O. Big League team experiences baseball bliss traveling the country | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref>
== Media ==
[[File:Kclu broadcast center clu.jpg|thumb|[[KCLU-FM|KCLU]] at [[California Lutheran University]] is the only public radio station in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]].<ref>Oram, Fern A. (2006). ''MBA Programs 2007 (Peterson's MBA Programs)''. Peterson's. Page 62. {{ISBN|978-0768921618}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mclain |first=Jim |url=http://archive.vcstar.com/business/kclu-expands-to-santa-barbara-ep-373200371-352476441.html/ |title=KCLU expands to Santa Barbara |publisher=Archive.vcstar.com |date=August 29, 2008}}</ref>]]
''[[Thousand Oaks Acorn|The Acorn]]'' is the main newspaper covering Thousand Oaks, [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], and [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]]. ''[[Ventura County Star|The Ventura County Star]]'' is a larger regional newspaper covering Ventura County. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' circulations increased after the newspaper began covering the Conejo Valley in 1987.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 71. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to a few radio station transmitter sites as well including [[KCLU-FM]], an [[National Public Radio|NPR]] radio station based at [[California Lutheran University]]. Other radio station transmitters located in Thousand Oaks include [[KDSC]] (the repeater for Los Angeles' [[KUSC]]) airing [[Classical music|Classical Music]] on 91.1, [[KYLA|KYRA]] airing [[Educational Media Foundation|EMF]]'s [[Christian rock|Christian Rock]], [[Air1]] on 92.7, and [https://radio-locator.com/info/K280DT-FX?loc=34.18949%2C-118.87505&locn=Thousand%20Oaks%2C%20California K280DT], a translator of [[KOST|KOST-FM]] Los Angeles, airing [[adult contemporary music]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Thousand Oaks TV]] is a 24-hour cable TV station established by the city in 1987.<ref name="vcstar9">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/02/03/thousand-oaks-uses-drone-tv-programming/95812420/|website=vcstar.com|title=Thousand Oaks uses drone for TV programming|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toaks4">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv|title=Watch TOTV | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114610/http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv|archive-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref> Besides [[KCLU-FM]], another student media outlet at [[California Lutheran University]] is ''The Echo'', a news outlet.<ref>Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). ''Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 120. {{ISBN|9780802841216}}.</ref>
The first newspaper, ''Oaks Post'', was published during the 1940s. ''Conejo Valley News'' was established in 1954, while ''Village Chronicle'' was established in 1959. ''Thousand Oaks Journal'' was another early local newspaper in the 1960s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 71-72. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Former [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] newspapers have included the ''Newbury Star'' in the 1960s, ''Our Town U.S.A.'', and ''The Newburian'', which was published by [[Newbury Park Adventist Academy]]. ''Newbury Park Reporter'' was a local edition of the ''[[Star Free Press]]''.<ref>Needham, Beth (1990). ''Newbury Park''. Thousand Oaks, CA: Beth Needham. Page 17.</ref>
== Transportation ==
[[File:Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg|thumb|[[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]].]]
[[File:ThousandOaksCA typical street.jpg|thumb|A neighborhood in Thousand Oaks.]]
=== Roads ===
Thousand Oaks lies in the heart of the [[Conejo Valley]], with the city of [[Los Angeles]] to the east and the city of [[Ventura, California|Ventura]] to the west. The city is served by [[U.S. Route 101 (California)|U.S. Route 101]] (the Ventura Freeway), as well as [[California State Route 23|State Route 23]] (the Moorpark Freeway). Highway 101 runs through the city and connects it with Los Angeles and Ventura. Highway 23 connects to the 101 near downtown Thousand Oaks, runs north toward [[Moorpark, California|Moorpark]], and essentially divides the city in two. Thousand Oaks is also served by [[Thousand Oaks Transit]], which provides public transportation in the form of shuttles and buses. TOT buses provide service to Thousand Oaks as well as some neighboring communities.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
=== Public transportation ===
A regional transportation center provides bus and shuttle lines to Los Angeles, Oxnard, Ventura, Moorpark, Simi Valley, and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] via the [[Ventura Intercity Service Transit Authority|VISTA]], [[Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority|Metro]], and [[LADOT]] Commuter Express bus lines. In addition to being a transfer station from Los Angeles and other nearby cities, it also serves as the primary station for [[Thousand Oaks Transit]] buses.<ref>McGrath, Rachel (March 3, 2013) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/ "Thousand Oaks Transportation Center parking expansion appears on track"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301083729/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/ |date=March 1, 2014 }} ''Ventura County Star''</ref> [[Ventura County Line|Metrolink Ventura County]] and [[Pacific Surfliner]] services are available at the train stations in [[Moorpark (train station)|Moorpark]] and [[Camarillo (train station)|Camarillo]]. The [[Coast Starlight|Amtrak Coast Starlight]] stops at the [[Oxnard Transit Center]] and the [[Simi Valley (train station)|Simi Valley Amtrak/Metrolink Station]].
=== Air ===
Commercial air travel is provided primarily by [[Los Angeles International Airport]] for regular commuters, while the [[Bob Hope Airport]] (in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]]) offers an alternative for domestic destinations. Thousand Oaks offers public transportation that runs to both airports, via the VISTA, Metro, and LADOT bus lines. Los Angeles International Airport is approximately {{convert|40|mi|km}} southeast of the city, while Burbank Airport is approximately {{convert|35|mi|km}} east of the city. General aviation airports include [[Camarillo Airport]], approximately {{convert|15|mi|km}} west of the city; [[Oxnard Airport]], approximately {{convert|25|mi|km}} west of the city in [[Oxnard, California]]; and [[Van Nuys Airport]], {{convert|25|mi|km}} east of the city.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Conejo Valley Airport]], also known as Janss Airport,<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 38. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> was an airport in Thousand Oaks. It had the first qualified flying field in the [[Conejo Valley]], and was opened sometime between 1946 and 1949 by the [[Janss Corporation]], which had large land holdings in the area. The airport had 2,800 feet of unpaved runway, located parallel to Ventura Road, now known as [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]] (near Moorpark Road). When the state established a highway through town in 1952, the airfield was moved to the south side of the 101 [[Ventura Freeway]]. The airport was often featured in movies, including ''[[Francis (film)|Francis the Talking Mule]]'' (1950) with [[Donald O'Conner]].<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 42-43. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref> Other movies filmed here include ''[[The Paleface (1948 film)|The Paleface]]'' (1948), ''[[Riders of the Whistling Pines]]'' (1949),<ref>Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). ''Western Movie Making Locations Volume 1 Southern California''. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 118. {{ISBN|9781312711556}}.</ref> and ''[[Overland Stage Raiders]]'' (1938).<ref>Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). ''The Ray "Crash" Corrigan Filmography''. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 195. {{ISBN|9780983197287}}.</ref>
The airport was no longer in use by 1962, and is the present location of [[Los Robles Greens Golf Course]]. The Janss Corporation later announced they would construct a new airport on the 1,400 acre Friedrich Ranch in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], which they had purchased to develop the [[Rancho Conejo Industrial Park]]. Rancho Conejo Airport opened on May 5, 1960, and considered an executive airport. It had a 4,300 foot surfaced and lighted runway, and was described by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'': "It was the finest executive aircraft facility on the West Coast… and will serve the needs of the fast-moving executives of the space-age industries." The airport was used in the filming of ''[[It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World]]'' in 1963. The airport closed by 1965–66, and the land remained empty until 1991 when [[Shapell Industries]] constructed Rancho Conejo Village homes. The former site is northwest of the intersection of Lawrence Drive and Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 43-45. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
==Infrastructure==
Potable water is drawn from the state water system.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejos-inconspicuous-creek/|title=Conejo's inconspicuous creek|last=Megli-Thun|first=Dawn|date=May 17, 2018|work=Thousand Oaks Acorn|access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
[[File:Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg|thumb|right|Sheriff's car from ''[[Dukes Of Hazzard (film)|Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (2005) at the shooting location off Potrero Road.]]
{{main|List of films shot in Thousand Oaks}}
Due to the temperate climate and relatively close proximity to the studios in Hollywood, a number of movies and television series have been filmed in Thousand Oaks. Thousand Oaks Boulevard can for instance be seen in the Oscar-winning film ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' (1934), while [[Dean Martin]] and [[Jerry Lewis]] stop at a service station on Live Oak Street in ''[[Hollywood or Bust]]'' (1956). Hills near [[California Lutheran University]] were used in the filming of ''[[Welcome to Hard Times (film)|Welcome to Hard Times]]'' (1967).<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 112. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960) was also filmed by CLU.<ref name="Hekhuis, Mary 1984 Page 27"/><ref name="cluecho.com"/> Movies are still being made at [[Ventura Farms]] (previously Deerwood Stock Farm), Greenfield Ranch, and the JMJ Ranch.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
A number of movie productions took place in [[Wildwood Regional Park]] between the 1930s and 1960s. Examples include ''[[Wuthering Heights (1939 film)|Wuthering Heights]]'' (1939), ''[[Dodge City (film)|Dodge City]]'' (1939), ''[[The Rifleman]]'' (1958–63),<ref>McKinney, John (2013). ''HIKE Ventura County''. The Trailmaster, Inc. Page 85. {{ISBN|9780934161534}}.</ref> ''[[Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier]]'' (1955),<ref name="timeout">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls|website=timeout.com|title=Hiking trails in LA: The best hikes with waterfalls|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123628/https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' (1940), ''[[Duel in the Sun (film)|Duel in the Sun]]'' (1946), ''[[Bonanza]]'' (1963–73), ''[[The Big Valley]]'' (1965–69), ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' (1955–75), ''[[Wagon Train]]'' (1957–65), ''[[Clearing the Range]]'' (1931), ''[[Flaming Frontier]]'' (1958), ''[[The Horse Soldiers]]'' (1959) starring [[John Wayne]], ''[[Roustabout (film)]]'' (1964), and ''[[Flaming Star]]'' (1960) both starring [[Elvis Presley]], among others.<ref>Schad, Jerry (2009). ''Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide''. Wilderness Press. Pages 35-36. {{ISBN|9780899976396}}.</ref>
More recently, Greenfield Ranch appeared as a zoo in ''[[We Bought a Zoo]]'' (2011).<ref name="latimes5">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217|title=On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes animal sanctuary|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601125106/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217|archive-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> The ranch has previously been featured in films such as ''[[Down Argentine Way]]'' (1940), ''[[Heart and Souls]]'' (1993) and ''[[Bitter Harvest (1993 film)|Bitter Harvest]]'' (1993). It has also been seen in TV-series such as ''[[True Blood]]'' (2008–2014), ''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]'' (2002–2009), ''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]'' (2005–2017) and ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' (2005–).<ref name="latimes6">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html|title=On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes an animal sanctuary | Company Town | Los Angeles Times|website=latimesblogs.latimes.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124341/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> A Hidden Valley home was also used in the filming of ''[[It's Complicated (film)|It's Complicated]]'' (2009) starring [[Meryl Streep]].<ref name="latimes7">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html|title='It's Complicated' location house sells in Thousand Oaks|website=LA Times|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011230534/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html|archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
Other films include ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha (film)|Memoirs of a Geisha]]'' (2005),<ref name="latimes8">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6|title=The rest of the best|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080348/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6|archive-date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> ''[[Come On, Tarzan]]'' (1932), ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938),<ref name="conejo">{{cite web|url=http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/|website=conejo.com|title=Conejo Valley is a Hot Spot for Filming Movies|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124632/http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[To the Shores of Iwo Jima]]'' (1945), ''[[Lassie Come Home]]'' (1943), ''[[The Guns of Will Sonnett]]'' (1967–69) and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (1979–85).<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83"/>
==Notable people==
{{See also|Newbury Park, California#Notable people}}
<!--keep list in alphabetical order please-->
{{colbegin}}
* [[Eve Arden]], actress<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280"/>
* [[Frankie Avalon]], singer and actor
* [[Austin Block]], ice hockey player
* [[Amanda Bynes]], actress
* [[Belinda Carlisle]], singer<ref>Carlisle, Belinda (2011). ''Lips Unsealed: A Memoir''. Crown/Archetype. Page 1. {{ISBN|9780307463500}}.</ref><ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Richard Carpenter (musician)|Richard Carpenter]], musician<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2004/oct/26/local/me-vndonate26|title=Couple Pledge $3 Million to Civic Arts Plaza|author=Staff|date=October 26, 2004|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>
* [[Mike Curb]], 42nd Lieutenant Governor of California
* [[Frances Dee]], actress{{r|VCS 2017-02-07}}
* [[Ellen DeGeneres]], television host<ref name="latimes11">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html|title=Ellen DeGeneres may have buyer for Thousand Oaks ranch|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075825/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="latimes12">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html|title=Ellen DeGeneres' Thousand Oaks ranch is back at $11 million|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030837/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Bob Denver]], actor
* [[Aaron Donald]], football player
* [[Marcos Giron]], tennis player
* [[Jared Goff]], football player
* [[Wayne Gretzky]], ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html|title=Hockey great Wayne Gretzky nets a home sale in Westlake Village|last=Leitereg|first=Neal J.|date=January 19, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=January 17, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131147/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html|archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Jerry Heller]], music executive
* [[Mariel Hemingway]], actress<ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Jack Kirby]], comic book artist<ref>{{cite news|title= Jack Kirby, 76; Created Comic-Book Superheroes|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html|newspaper= [[The New York Times]]|date=February 8, 1994|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140701120738/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html|archive-date= July 1, 2014|url-status=live|access-date= March 4, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Alan Ladd]], actor
* [[Edith Raymond Locke|Edie Locke]], fashion journalist<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feitelberg|first=Rosemary|date=3 September 2020|title=Former Mademoiselle Editor Edith Raymond Locke Dies at 99|url=https://wwd.com/business-news/media/former-mademoiselle-editor-edith-raymond-locke-dies-at-1234574104/|access-date=5 December 2020|website=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Heather Locklear]], actress<ref name="biography">{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469|title=Heather Locklear - Television Actress, Actress, Classic Pin-Ups|website=Biography.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813224323/https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469|archive-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sophia Loren]], actress<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280">Medved, Harry and Bruce Akiyama (2007). ''Hollywood Escapes: The Moviegoer's Guide to Exploring Southern California's Great Outdoors''. St. Martin's Press. Page 280. {{ISBN|9781429907170}}.</ref>
* [[Dean Martin]], singer<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83"/><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html|title=How Tom Selleck got into hot water over avocados|website=Telegraph|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213161236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html|archive-date=December 13, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Virginia Mayo]], actress
* [[Jody McCrea]], actor{{r|VCS 2017-02-07}}
* [[Joel McCrea]], actor<ref name="VCS 2017-02-07">{{Cite news|last=Flans|first=Robyn|date=February 7, 2017|title=McCrea family's Hollywood legacy lives on at Conejo ranch|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2018/02/07/mccrea-familys-hollywood-legacy-lives-conejo-ranch/997848001/|access-date=2020-07-23|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en}}</ref>
* [[The Miz]], professional wrestler<ref name="Miz">{{cite news |last1=McClain |first1=James |title=WWE's The Miz Picks $6.4 Million Thousand Oaks Mansion |url=https://variety.com/2019/dirt/athletes/wwes-the-miz-picks-6-4-million-thousand-oaks-mansion-1203309945/ |access-date=August 22, 2019 |work=Variety |date=August 21, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Marilyn Monroe]], actress<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref>
* [[Trevor Moore (ice hockey)|Trevor Moore]], ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/sports/columnists/2019/04/23/local-chatter-moore-enjoying-taste-stanley-cup-playoff-hockey/3523411002/|title=Local chatter: T.O. native Moore enjoying first taste of playoff hockey in Toronto|last=Curley|first=Joe|date=April 24, 2019|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=April 24, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Heather Morris]], actress<ref>Britton, Felicity (2012). ''The Glee Cast: Inspiring Gleek Mania''. Twenty-First Century Books. Page 77. {{ISBN|9781467701532}}.</ref>
* [[Olivia O'Brien]], singer-songwriter
* [[Maryse Ouellet]], professional wrestler<ref name="Miz"/>
* [[Slim Pickens]], actor
* [[Frances Prince]], the city's first female mayor<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelley|first1=Darryl|title=Thousand Oaks' 1st Lady of Politics|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks|access-date=October 22, 2017|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=January 12, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022183535/http://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 22, 2017|location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref>
* [[Mickey Rooney]], actor
* [[Kurt Russell]], actor<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 83"/>
* [[Tom Selleck]], actor
* [[Artie Shaw]], musician<ref>{{cite news |author1=Adam Bernstein |title=Jazz Giant Artie Shaw Dies at Age 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36925-2004Dec30.html?noredirect=on |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>
* [[Britney Spears]], singer<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25|website=forbes.com|title=Britney Spears purchases $7.4 Million Italianate Villa in California's Thousand Oaks (complete with a three-hole golf-course)|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113153120/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25|archive-date=November 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="latimes9">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html|author=Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times|title=Britney Spears buys in Thousand Oaks|newspaper=LA Times|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031113/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sylvester Stallone]], actor<ref name="latimes10">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html|author=Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times|title=Sylvester Stallone sells waterfront retreat in Thousand Oaks|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031043/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]], actress
* [[Donna Summer]], singer
* [[Thomas Tull]], film producer<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html|title=Billionaire Thomas Tull lists a small village in Thousand Oaks for $85 million|last=Leitereg|first=Neal J.|date=January 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=January 17, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116225111/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html|archive-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Robert Urich]], actor
* [[Frankie Valli]], singer and actor<ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Robert Wagner]], actor
* [[Richard Widmark]], actor<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280"/>
* [[Christian Yelich]], baseball player
* {{colend}}
== Points of interest ==
[[File:Dawn's peak aka tarantula hill.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The 1,057 ft. Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks.]]
[[File:Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|right|200px|French waterfall at [[Gardens of the World]].]]
* [[American Radio Archive]], museum dedicated to the history of radio
* [[California Lutheran University]] ([[Pederson House and Water Tower]])
* [[California Museum of Art]] (CMATO), art museum at [[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks]] mall
* [[Chumash Indian Museum]], museum with a replica of a Chumash village
* [[Conejo Valley Art Museum]], art museum at [[Janss Marketplace]]
* [[Conejo Valley Botanic Garden]], 33-acre botanical garden
* Conejo Valley High: oldest continuously used public landmark in Conejo Valley (aka [[Timber School]])
* [[Dawn's Peak]], locally known as Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html|title=Popular trail now easier on the feet – www.toacorn.com – Thousand Oaks Acorn|work=toacorn.com|access-date=January 8, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016125449/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html|archive-date=October 16, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Gardens of the World]], botanical garden featuring [[flora]] from various countries
* [[Joel McCrea Ranch]], listed on the [[U.S. National Register of Historic Places]]
* Oak Creek Canyon Whole Access Interpretive Trail, 0.4-mile trail with guide cable and braille signs describing the oak grove's flora and fauna<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/dosomethingblog/oak-creek-canyon-loop-trail-in-thousand-oaks |title=Oak Creek Canyon Loop Trail in Thousand Oaks |work=Conejovalleyguide.com |date=May 19, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Satwiwa|Satwiwa Culture Center]], [[Chumash people|Chumash]] museum at the foothills of [[Mount Boney]]
* [[Sherwood Country Club]], host of [[Tiger Wood]]s' ''[[World Challenge (golf)|World Challenge]]'' from 2000 to 2013
* [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], historic hotel in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]
* [[The Oaks Shopping Center]], largest shopping mall in Ventura County
* [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Center|Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]], home to City Hall and [[Fred Kavli Theatre|Fred Kavli and Janet and Ray Scherr Forum Theatres]]
* [[Thousand Oaks Community Gallery]], art gallery adjacent to Newbury Park Library
* [[Thousand Oaks Library]], the largest library in Ventura County
* [[Wildwood Regional Park]], a 1,765-acre regional park
== Wildlife ==
[[File:California-kingsnake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg|thumb|Gopher Snake in [[Wildwood Regional Park]].]]
Thousand Oaks' fauna includes mammals such as [[mountain lion]]s, [[bobcat]]s, [[coyote]]s, [[grey fox]] and [[mule deer]], as well as smaller mammals as the [[Striped skunk|striped]] and [[spotted skunk]], [[California raccoon]], [[Virginia opossum]], [[Audubon's cottontail]], [[long-tailed weasel]], [[Botta's pocket gopher]], [[ring-tailed cat]], [[California vole]], [[western brush rabbit]], [[western gray squirrel]], and several species of rats and mice, where the most common are [[deer mouse]] and [[Merriam's kangaroo rat]]. The mountain lion can creates a hazard in suburban areas,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local-news/conejo-valley/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-causes-road-closure_49213792|title=Mountain lion captured in Newbury Park|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406160417/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local-news/conejo-valley/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-causes-road-closure_49213792|archive-date=April 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm|title=Second Mountain Lion Crosses 101 Freeway, Disperses from Santa Monica Mountains – Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)|work=nps.gov|access-date=January 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208085500/https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm|archive-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref> but is usually found in the adjacent [[Simi Hills]], [[Santa Monica Mountains]], and the [[Santa Susana Mountains]].<ref name="toaks5">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion.asp|website=toaks.org|title=government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612113352/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion.asp|archive-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="toaks.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp|website=toaks.org|title=government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121110233/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp|archive-date=January 21, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Odocoileus hemionus 6017.JPG|thumb|left|[[Mule deer]] are among the most common mammals in Thousand Oaks.]]
Some of the amphibians and reptiles found in Thousand Oaks include lizards such as [[side-blotched lizard]]s, [[southern alligator lizard]]s and [[western fence lizard]]s, as well as the [[Western pond turtle|southwestern pond turtle]] and [[crawdads]], and numerous species of snake, including [[southern Pacific rattlesnake]]s, [[Gopher snake|San Diego gopher snakes]], [[striped racer]]s, [[California kingsnake]]s, [[common kingsnake]]s, [[ringneck snake]]s, and [[Aquatic garter snake|western aquatic garter snakes]]. Some amphibians found in Thousand Oaks include [[ensatina]], [[slender salamander]], [[western toad]], [[American bullfrog]], [[California toad]], [[Pacific tree frog]], and the [[California red-legged frog]].
[[Wildwood Regional Park]] is a natural habitat for an abundance of native animals,<ref>Schad, Jerry (2009). ''Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide''. Wilderness Press. Page 35. {{ISBN|978-0-89997-639-6}}.</ref> such as coyotes, hawks, crawdads, ducks, turtles, mule deer, numerous songbirds, mountain lions, several species of snakes, and numerous species of raptors.<ref>Stienstra, Tom and Ann Marie Brown (2012). ''Moon California Hiking: The Complete Guide to 1,000 of the Best Hikes in the Golden State''. Avalon Travel. Page 711. {{ISBN|978-1-61238-163-3}}.</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to mountain lions which can be encountered or observed in most larger open-spaces in the city. The city recommends hikers not to hike alone, and always to keep children near.<ref name="toaks6">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info|title=Mountain Lion/Rattlesnake Info | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165258/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> Mountain lions have been encountered numerous times in recent years, such as in Lynn Ranch in 2017<ref name="toacorn10">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/office-worker-captures-glimpse-of-mountain-lion-in-lynn-ranch/|title=Office worker captures glimpse of mountain lion in Lynn Ranch | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> and [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 2016.<ref name="abc7">{{cite web|url=http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/|title=Mountain lion spotted in Newbury Park backyard|website=abc7.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160210215921/http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/|archive-date=February 10, 2016}}</ref>
===Avifauna===
There have been observed a total of 171 bird species within the city limits.<ref name="toaks.org" /> The most commonly encountered avifauna include the [[house sparrow]], [[house finch]], [[Brewer's blackbird]], [[California towhee]], [[spotted towhee]], [[oak titmouse]], [[acorn woodpecker]], and [[California quail]]. Raptor population densities in the [[Conejo Valley]], which therefore has some of the highest quantities of raptors in the U.S.<ref name="toaks.org" /> Some of the raptors found in the City of Thousand Oaks include the [[golden eagle]], [[red-tailed hawk]], [[Cooper's hawk]], [[marsh hawk]], [[sharp-shinned hawk]], [[red-shouldered hawk]], [[ferruginous hawk]], [[pigeon hawk]], [[prairie falcon]], [[turkey vulture]], [[barn owl]], [[great horned owl]], [[screech owl]], [[American kestrel]], and the [[white-tailed kite]].<ref name="toaks.org" />
== Flora ==
[[File:Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg|thumb|''[[Conejo buckwheat]]'' is found only on two locations in [[Conejo Valley]].]]
Thousand Oaks is home to over 100 species of plants, while 400 species can be found within 100 sq. mi. of the city. There are four endangered plant species: [[Conejo buckwheat]], [[Santa Monica dudleya]], [[Conejo dudleya]] and [[Lyon's pentachaeta]].<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (2000). ''Hiking In Wildwood Regional Park: Natural History, Folklore, and Trail Guide''. California Lutheran University. Page 2.</ref> There are between 50- and 60,000 oak trees in Thousand Oaks.<ref name="toacorn.com"/> Four oak species are native to Thousand Oaks: [[valley oak]], [[coast live oak]], [[scrub oak]], and [[Palmer's oak]].<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf Pages 20-21]</ref> The city's largest oak has a trunk of 12 ft. in diameter and is located at [[Chumash Indian Museum]]. Thousand Oaks has the designation "[[Tree City USA]]" and has received the Trail Town USA Hall of Fame award.<ref>Baker, Pam (2002). ''Thousand Oaks Westlake Village: A Contemporary Portrait''. Community Communications, Inc. Page 22. {{ISBN|978-1581920611}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conejo Valley Trees |url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees |website=City of Thousand Oaks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109222927/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees |archive-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to [[endemic]] species found nowhere else on Earth.<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf Thousand Oaks General Plan, Conservation Element 2013 Update, page24]</ref> The wildflower species [[Conejo buckwheat]], which is native to the Conejo Valley, is found only in [[Wildwood Regional Park]] and near the [[Conejo Grade]]. It only grows on [[volcanic]] rock, and has yellow flowers which bloom April–July. It is in danger of becoming extinct.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 72. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref> Another [[endemic]] species to Thousand Oaks, [[Conejo dudleya]], is found throughout the valley, including in Wildwood Regional Park and also in the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref>Faber, Phyllis M. (2005). ''California's Wild Gardens: A Guide to Favorite Botanical Sites''. University of California Press. Page 164. {{ISBN|9780520240315}}.</ref>
A notable tree is the 300-year-old "Historic Sycamore Tree",<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2006). ''Historical Tour of the Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 6. {{ISBN|0-9725233-4-0}}.</ref> which is designated [[Ventura County Historic Landmarks & Points of Interest|Ventura County Landmark]] No. 44 and Thousand Oaks Historical Landmark No. 2. It is located at the "Tri-Village Complex" at [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]].<ref>Begun, Ruthanne and Miriam Sprankling (2004). ''A Visit to the Historic Stagecoach Inn Museum''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 11. {{ISBN|0-9725233-2-4}}.</ref><ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 37. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref>
Native flora can be seen at [[botanical garden]]s throughout the city, including at [[Gardens of the World]], [[Conejo Valley Botanic Garden]], the ethnobotanic gardens at [[Chumash Indian Museum#Ethnobotany Gardens|Chumash Indian Museum]], and along the Nature Trail at [[Stagecoach Inn (California)#Exhibits|Stagecoach Inn]] in Newbury Park.
{{clear}}
== See also ==
* {{Portal-inline|size=tiny|Greater Los Angeles}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Thousand Oaks}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Thousand Oaks, California}}
{{Ventura County, California}}
{{Greater Los Angeles Area}}
{{California}}
{{California cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
{{Southern California megaregion}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Thousand Oaks, California| ]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Ventura County, California]]
[[Category:Conejo Valley]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1964]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{about||the neighborhood of Berkeley|Thousand Oaks, Berkeley, California||Thousand Oaks (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[Los Angeles Metropolitan Area]]##Location in [[California]]##Location in the [[United States]]
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<!-- History -------------->
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|established_date2 = October 7, 1964<ref>{{cite web
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<!-- Government ----------->
|government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council/Manager]]<ref name=govt>{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|title=City Government|publisher=Thousand Oaks|access-date=March 20, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|archive-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = Mayor
|leader_name1 = Al Adam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/shuffling-seats/|title=Shuffling Seats|publisher=[[Thousand Oaks Acorn]]}}</ref>
|leader_title2 = [[California's 27th State Senate district|State Senator]]
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|url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
|title = Statewide Database
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}}</ref>
|leader_title3 = [[California's 44th State Assembly district|CA Assembly]]
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|leader_title4 = [[California's 26th congressional district|U. S. Rep.]]
|leader_name4 = {{Representative|cacd|26|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|26|access-date=October 5, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=quif>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html|title=Thousand Oaks (city) QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 9, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920194141/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html|archive-date=September 20, 2012}}</ref>
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'''Thousand Oaks''' is the second-largest city in [[Ventura County, California]], United States. It is in the northwestern part of [[Greater Los Angeles]], approximately {{convert|40|mi|km}} from [[Downtown Los Angeles]], and is less than {{convert|15|mi|km}} from the [[Los Angeles]] neighborhood of [[Woodland Hills, Los Angeles|Woodland Hills]]. It is named after the many [[oak]] trees present in the area.
The city forms the central populated core of the [[Conejo Valley]]. Thousand Oaks was incorporated in 1964, but has since expanded to the west and east. Two-thirds of neighboring [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] and most of [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] were annexed by the city during the late 1960s and 1970s. The [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]]–Ventura County line crosses at the city's eastern border with Westlake Village. The population was estimated to be 126,813 in 2019,<ref name="USCensusEst2019"/> up from 126,683 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name=quif />
==Etymology==
One of the earliest names used for the area was Conejo Mountain Valley, as used by the founder of Newbury Park, [[Egbert Starr Newbury]], in the 1870s.<ref>Begun, Ruthanne (2006). ''The Newburys of Newbury Park''. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 42. {{ISBN|9780972523332}}.</ref> During the 1920s, today's Thousand Oaks was home to 100 residents. In the 1920s came talks of coming up with a name for the specific area of Thousand Oaks. A local name contest was held, where 14-year-old Bobby Harrington's name suggestion won: Thousand Oaks.<ref>Chalquist, Craig (2008). ''Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real''. Craig Chalquist. Page 275. {{ISBN|9780595514625}}.</ref><ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref><ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 37. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> The valley was — and still is — characterized by its tens of thousands of oak trees (50,000–60,000 in 2012).<ref name="toacorn.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/|title=What's in a name? Everything | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/><ref name="latimes">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801|title=What's in a name? For three cities, a lot of history|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162644/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801|archive-date=September 16, 2015}}</ref>
When the city was incorporated in 1964, the [[Janss Investment Company|Janss Corporation]] suggested the name Conejo City (City of Conejo). A petition was signed by enough residents to put Thousand Oaks on the ballot. An overwhelming majority － 87% － of the city's 19,000 residents voted for the name Thousand Oaks during the September 29, 1964, election.<ref name="toacorn.com"/><ref name="conejovalleyguide">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks|title=Voters Chose to Incorporate the City of Thousand Oaks Over the City of Conejo in a September 29, 1964 Special Election — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075016/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>
== History ==
[[File:Old oak tree, Thousand Oaks CA.jpg|thumb|left|Majestic old oak tree in Thousand Oaks.]]
=== Pre-colonial period ===
[[File:Oakbrook regional park chumash indian museum thousand oaks cave paintings pictographs.jpg|thumb|2,000 year-old [[pictograph]] in Thousand Oaks.]]
[[Chumash people]] were the first to inhabit what is now called Thousand Oaks,<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/> settling there over 10,000 years ago. It was home to two major villages: Sap'wi ("House of the Deer") and [[Satwiwa]] ("The Bluffs").<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications''. Page 13. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Sap'wi is now by the [[Chumash Indian Museum|Chumash Interpretive Center]] which is home to multiple 2,000 year-old pictographs.<ref>Whitley, David S. (1996). ''A Guide to Rock Art Sites: Southern California and Southern Nevada''. Mountain Press Publishing. Pages 175-176. {{ISBN|9780878423323}}.</ref> [[Satwiwa]] is the home of the Native American Indian Culture Center which sits at the foothills of [[Mount Boney]] in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], a sacred mountain to the Chumash.<ref>Riedel, Allen (2008). ''100 Classic Hikes in Southern California: San Bernardino National Forest, Angeles National Forest, Santa Lucia Mountains, Big Sur and the Sierras''. The Mountaineers Books. Page 118. {{ISBN|9781594851254}}.</ref>
A smaller village, Yitimasɨh, was located where [[Wildwood Elementary School (Thousand Oaks)|Wildwood Elementary School]] sits today.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 93.</ref><ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 9. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref> The area surrounding [[Wildwood Regional Park]] has been inhabited by the Chumash for thousands of years. Some of the artifacts discovered in Wildwood include stone tools, [[shell bead]]s and arrowheads.<ref>Palmer, Norma E. (1994). ''Santa Barbara & Ventura Counties''. Automobile Club of Southern California. Page 176. {{ISBN|9781564131867}}.</ref> Another small Chumash settlement, known as Šihaw (Ven-632i), was located where [[Lang Ranch]] sits today. A cave containing several swordfish and cupules pictographs is located here.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Pages 58-59.</ref> Two other villages were located by today's Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park. These were populated 2,000 years ago and had a population of 100–200 in each village.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13"/> Other villages included Lalimanuc (Lalimanux) and Kayɨwɨš (Kayiwish) by [[Conejo Grade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |title=Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent of Chumash Peoples in the Channel Islands and the Santa Monica Mountains |access-date=September 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095214/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2017 }} (Page 82).</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |title=Appendix C: Historic Resources Report and Peer Review |access-date=February 25, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002703/http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016 }} (Page 6).</ref><ref>[http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1#page-3] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080601/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1 |date=March 2, 2016 }} (Pages 173–175).</ref>
The Chumash also had several summer encampments, including one located where [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] currently stands, known as Ipuc (Ven-654).<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 20.</ref> Another summer encampment was located at the current location of [[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center|Los Robles Hospital]].<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 29.</ref>
Each village was ruled by a chief or several chieftains, who often traveled between villages to discuss matters of common interest. A council of elders directed village life and organized events. Most villages had a cemetery, gaming field, a sweat house, and a place for ceremonies.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 14. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Locally discovered tribal artifacts are at display at Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center and the [[Chumash Indian Museum]].<ref>Waldman, Carl (2014). ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. Infobase Publishing. Page 72. {{ISBN|9781438110103}}.</ref>
The region's recorded history dates to 1542, when [[Spain|Spanish]] explorer [[Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo]] landed at [[Point Mugu, California|Point Mugu]] and claimed the land for Spain.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|website=pubs.usgs.gov|title=Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110453/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> The Battle of Triunfo, which took place by [[Triunfo Creek]], was waged over land between native Chumash and the Spanish newcomers.<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 59. {{ISBN|9781439624999}}.</ref>
=== 19th century ===
[[File:Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png|thumb|[[Egbert Starr Newbury|E.S. Newbury]] was one of the first to buy former [[Rancho El Conejo]] land.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 21. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref>]]
From 1804 to 1848, Thousand Oaks was part of [[Alta California]], which originally was a Spanish [[polity]] in North America. It was the Spaniards who first named it Conejo Valley, or Valley of Rabbits. The [[Spaniards]] and indigenous [[Chumash people|Chumash]] clashed numerous times in disputes over land.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> Conejo Valley was given the name El Rancho Conejo in 1803. This year, Jose Polanco and Ignacio Rodriguez were granted El Rancho Conejo by Governor [[José Joaquín de Arrillaga]] of Alta California. The land contained 48,671.56 acres. [[Rancho El Conejo|El Conejo]] was just one of two land grants in what became [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], the other being [[Rancho Simi]].<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7"/>
As a result of the [[Mexican War of Independence]] in 1822, Alta California became a Mexican territory. In 1822, Captain [[José de la Guerra y Noriega]] filed Conejo Valley as part of the [[Mexican land grant]]. It remained a part of Mexico until the short-lived [[California Republic]] was established in 1846. It became a part of the U.S. after California gained statehood in 1850. The valley was now known as Rancho El Conejo.<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> The ranch period began when the de la Guerra family sold thousands of acres through the 1860s and early 1870s.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 7"/>
Two men owned most of Conejo Valley in the 1870s: John Edwards, who came from [[Wales]] in 1849, and Howard Mills, who came from [[Minnesota]] in 1870. While Edwards owned most of present-day Thousand Oaks and Newbury Park, Mills owned most of [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] and [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California|Hidden Valley]]. Edwards' home was located on an acre of land where [[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks Mall]] currently is located, while Mills built his home where [[Westlake Lake]] sits today. The third person to buy former [[Rancho El Conejo]] land was [[Egbert Starr Newbury]]. He bought 2,259 acres of land here in 1874, land which stretched from Old Town Thousand Oaks and into today's Newbury Park.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 23. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> He later established the valley's first post office in 1875: [[Newbury Park Post Office]].<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 119. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> When the Conejo Valley School District was established in March 1877, there were 126 residents living in Conejo Valley.<ref>Begun, Ruthanne (2006). ''The Newburys of Newbury Park''. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 48. {{ISBN|9780972523332}}.</ref>
In the late 19th century, [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] was on the [[stagecoach]] route between [[Los Angeles]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]. The [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]] (Grand Union Hotel) was built in 1876, and is now a [[California Historical Landmark]] and museum.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
===Norwegian Colony===
{{Further|Norwegian Colony}}
Thousand Oaks was home to a [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]] community in the late 1890s and early 1900s, known as Norwegian Colony. Norwegian settlers were among the first to settle in Conejo Valley. The Norwegian Colony was located at today's intersection of Moorpark- and Olsen Roads, now home to [[California Lutheran University]] and surrounding areas. The Norwegian Colony constituted of over 650 acres and stretched from [[Mount Clef Ridge]] to Avenida de Los Arboles.<ref name="conejovalleyguide2">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html|title=Building of the Norwegian Grade from Conejo Valley to Camarillo 1909 to 1911 — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050244/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="vcstar">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Norwegian Grade, built by hand, is turning 100|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012126/http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html|archive-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref> The son of Norwegian immigrants donated his ranch to California Lutheran College in the 1950s.<ref name="callutheran">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html|title=Cal Lutheran at a Glance|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921045702/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref> California Lutheran University is now home to the Scandinavian American Cultural and Historical Foundation and the Scandinavian Festival.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
Many place names are named after Norwegian immigrants such as the Olsen and Pedersen families.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 80. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref> The first Norwegians came from the village of [[Stranda, Møre og Romsdal|Stranda]] by [[Storfjorden (Sunnmøre)|Storfjorden]]. Ole Anderson bought 199 acres here, while Lars Pederson owned 111 acres. Other Norwegian pioneers also included Ole Nilsen, George Hansen and Nils Olsen. A major contribution was the construction of the handmade [[Norwegian Grade]] in 1911, a mile-long road leading from Thousand Oaks to [[Santa Rosa Valley, California|Santa Rosa Valley]].<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 30. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
With no doctors or hospitals nearby, the Norwegian Colony was short-lived. The Olsen family lost seven of their ten children, while Ole Anderson, Lars Pederson, and George Hansen all died in 1901 due to a diphtheria epidemic.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 31. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
=== 20th century ===
[[File:Children on elephant at Jungleland, California, 1962.jpg|thumb|[[Jungleland USA]] was one of the first theme parks in California.]]
[[File:Spartacus (1960) - Trailer.webm|thumb|''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960) was partly filmed by [[California Lutheran University|CLU]].<ref name="Hekhuis, Mary 1984 Page 27">Hekhuis, Mary (1984). ''California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century''. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 27.</ref><ref name="cluecho.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/|title=Living in one of Hollywood's best-kept secrets|website=The Echo|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917125507/https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[File:Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch,_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|Various movies were filmed at [[Joel McCrea Ranch]] on N. Moorpark Road.]]
[[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] was a more established community than Thousand Oaks at the turn of the 20th century. A few lots existed early in the 1900s, wedged between Borchard land on the south and Friedrich land on the north.<ref>Schroeder, Anne (2000). ''Branches on the Conejo: Leaving the Soil After Five Generations''. Russell Dean & Company. Page 86. {{ISBN|9781891954993}}.</ref> The [[Janss Investment Company|Janss family]], developers of Southern California subdivisions, purchased {{convert|10,000|acre|km2}} in the early 20th century. They eventually created plans for a "total community", and the name remains prominently featured in the city. Despite early aspirations, no large subdivisions were developed until the 1920s. The development was slow and hampered even more under the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s. Besides agriculture, the movie industry became an important industry in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref>Triem, Judith P. (1990). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 114-115. {{ISBN|9780945092162}}.</ref>
Between 1950 and 1970, [[Conejo Valley]] experienced a population boom, and increased its population from 3,000 to 30,000 residents.<ref>McCormack, Don (2000). ''Santa Barbara and Ventura 2001''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 116. {{ISBN|9781929365203}}.</ref> From 3,500 residents in 1957, Thousand Oaks had over 103,000 inhabitants by 1989.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 85. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> While ranching and agriculture were the dominant industries until the 1950s, a number of new businesses appeared throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Particularly many high-tech firms moved to Thousand Oaks in the '60s and '70s. [[Packard Bell]] and Technology Instrument Company were two high-technology businesses that moved into the Newbury Park industrial park in the 1960s. Other companies that followed included Westinghouse Astroelectronics Laboratory, [[Semtech|Semtech Corporation]], [[Purolator Inc.]], and Westland Plastics.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 44. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
[[Jungleland USA]] put Thousand Oaks on the map in the 1920s and helped attract [[Hollywood film industry|Hollywood]] producers to the city.<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017"/> Hundreds of movies have been [[List of films shot in Thousand Oaks|filmed in Thousand Oaks]].<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 56. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref> Some of the first films to be made here were ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915) at Jungleland USA<ref name="junglelandskates">{{cite web|url=http://www.junglelandskates.com/History.html|title=History - The Beginning|website=junglelandskates.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Roaring Ranch]]'' (1930) at the [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]].<ref name="stagecoachinnmuseum">{{cite web|url=https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/|title=Stagecoach Inn Detail|website=Stagecoach Inn Museum|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925180639/https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/|archive-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]] was featured in the "Walls of Jericho" scenes in the film ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' (1934). A western village was erected at [[California Lutheran University]] for the filming of ''[[Welcome to Hard Times (film)|Welcome to Hard Times]]'' (1967), while [[Elvis Presley]] and [[John Wayne]] starred in several westerns made in [[Wildwood Regional Park]]. A nearby road, Flaming Star Avenue, is named after the film ''[[Flaming Star]]'' (1960) starring Elvis Presley, which was filmed here. Other movies filmed in the valley included ''[[Lassie Come Home]]'' (1943), ''[[To the Shores of Iwo Jima]]'' (1945) and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (1979–85). [[Dean Martin]] and [[Jerry Lewis]] visited Thousand Oaks for the filming of ''[[Hollywood or Bust]]'' (1956), which included a scene filmed on Live Oak Street.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 82-83. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
Movie actor [[Joel McCrea]], who had been advised by [[Will Rogers]] to buy land in the area, raised his family on a {{Convert|3000|acre|ha|abbr=|adj=mid}} [[Joel McCrea Ranch|ranch]] he had acquired in the early 1930s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 41. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Numerous celebrities later joined McCrea and relocated to the Conejo Valley, including Dean Martin, [[Bob Hope]], [[Roy Rogers]], [[Strother Martin]], [[Virginia Mayo]], [[Michael O'Shea (actor)|Michael O'Shea]], [[Ben Johnson (actor)|Ben Johnson]], [[Slim Pickens]], [[Ronald Colman]], [[George Brent]], [[Eve Arden]], [[Alan Ladd]], [[Richard Widmark]], [[Charles Martin Smith]], and [[Bing Russell|Bing-]] and [[Kurt Russell]].<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 83">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 83. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
While the city was home to 1,700 businesses in 1970, Thousand Oaks had 11,000 businesses in town by 1988.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 111">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 111. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
The world's largest independent biotechnology company, [[Amgen]], was established in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 1980.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 128. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
==== Jungleland USA ====
{{main|Jungleland USA}}
[[File:A Goldwyn Picture.jpg|thumb|Slats, used from 1916 to 1928, was one of five [[MGM lion]]s who resided at [[Jungleland USA]].<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 7">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). ''Jungleland''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. {{ISBN|9780738574448}}.</ref>]]
Louis Goebel of New York bought five lots off Ventura Boulevard (today's [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]]) in 1925. He worked for the [[Universal Pictures|Universal]] film studio, and decided to create his own film industry zoo after the closure of [[Universal Zoo]] in the mid-1920s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 39-40. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> He established [[Jungleland USA|Goebel's Lion Farm]] in 1926, situated where [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] is located today.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 73. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> Goebel began with five lions and seven malamute dogs, but he soon acquired new animals such as giraffes, camels, hippos, monkeys, tigers, gorillas, seals and other exotic animals.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
It became home to several animals used for [[Leo the Lion (MGM)|Leo the Lion]] MGM logo. There were held public animal shows, which drew thousands of spectators from throughout California. The animals from the park have been used in many movies and TV series, including many of the ''[[Tarzan]]'' films; ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938), which used the site as a location,<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks|title=The Story of Jungleland in Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075146/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> and ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Doolittle]]'' (1967).<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 8">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). ''Jungleland''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9780738574448}}.</ref> Goebel himself camped by the filming site of ''[[Tarzan the Ape Man (1932 film)|Tarzan, the Ape Man]]'' (1932) by [[Lake Sherwood, California|Lake Sherwood]] to watch his lions during filming.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 7"/>
It became one of Southern California's most popular tourists attractions in the 1940s and 1950s, when the 170-acre park offered shows, lion training, elephant rides, train rides, safari tram buses and more.<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com"/> The park changed name to [[Jungleland USA]] in 1956 after [[Disneyland]] was established.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 22. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> The park later went bankrupt in May 1969, due to competition from parks such as Disneyland, [[Knott's Berry Farm]] and [[Universal Studios Hollywood|Universal Studios]]. The park's 1,800 animals were sold at a public auction in October 1969.<ref name="conejovalleyguide.com"/><ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Page 8"/>
==== Incorporation ====
[[File:Casa Conejo view.jpg|thumb|[[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]] is a [[county island]] in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]].]]
The City of Thousand Oaks was incorporated on October 7, 1964,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html |title=Ed Jones: How parks grew in the Conejo Valley |first=Ed |last=Jones |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=October 27, 2013 |access-date=June 16, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623153300/http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html |archive-date=June 23, 2016 }}</ref> the first incorporated city in the Conejo Valley.<ref name="Acorn20110908">{{cite news|url=http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html|title=Which Westlake?|last=Kuperberg|first=Jonathan|date=September 8, 2011|work=Thousand Oaks Acorn|access-date=September 9, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324112915/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html|archive-date=March 24, 2012}}</ref> Some sources mistakenly state that Thousand Oaks was incorporated on September 29, 1964, which was the date that voters approved the incorporation and selected the name. However, the incorporation only became official once the certificates of election were filed with the California Secretary of State, and then the record of affidavit was filed with the Ventura County Clerk.<ref>"Top vote-getters win 4-year terms", ''Oxnard Press-Courier'', October 3, 1964</ref>
The results of the cityhood election was clear on September 24, 1964. 2,780 residents voted to set up a city, while 1,821 had voted no to incorporation. Certain areas however tried to set up its own municipality. An attempt at a cityhood election in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] failed in 1963, as Talley Corporation and Janss Rancho Conejo Industrial Park refused to join the efforts. [[Reba Hays Jeffries]], a local opponent of cityhood, told interviewers why she thought the cityhood election failed: Cityhood backers had to collect signatures from owners who represented 29% of the land that was to be incorporated. As the efforts collected 29% of registered voters, the measure never came on the ballot.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 54-55. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Most Newbury Park land were annexed through the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. [[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]] and [[Ventu Park]] are the only parts of Newbury Park left, which are not parts of Thousand Oaks.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications''. Page 54. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref><ref name="conejovalleyguide3">{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html|title=Forty-Seven Things to Do In Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events|website=conejovalleyguide.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606170249/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html|archive-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> Lynn Ranch also decided to remain outside city limits.<ref name="vcstar2">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Casa Conejo resident hopes to foster sense of community with signs|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930083938/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/|archive-date=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
Two-thirds of [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]] were annexed by Thousand Oaks in two portions - in 1968 and 1972.<ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 55">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 55. {{ISBN|9780738580395}}.</ref><ref name="wlv">{{cite web|url=http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?nid=116|title=Westlake Village, CA - Official Website - City History|website=wlv.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029200632/http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?NID=116|archive-date=October 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toacorn">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/|title='Which Westlake?' | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/|archive-date=April 28, 2018|date=September 8, 2011}}</ref> The Westlake neighborhood of [[North Ranch]] remained an unincorporated area until January 1973, when Thousand Oaks approved the annexation of North Ranch.<ref name="toacorn2">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/|title=North Ranch residents upset with proposal to build 14 luxury homes | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/|archive-date=April 28, 2018|date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> North Ranch borders [[Oak Park, California|Oak Park]], an unincorporated area where voters have chosen not to be annexed into Thousand Oaks.<ref>Kern, Harvey and David E. Ross (2012). ''Oak Park''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9780738595382}}.</ref>
===Modern history===
[[File:ThousandOaksAerial.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of Thousand Oaks, southward view]]
Thousand Oaks is encouraging [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use retail and housing development]] along the downtown portion of [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]].<ref name="VCS 20160614">{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html |title=Thousand Oaks commission backs plan for more housing on main thoroughfare |first=Wendy |last=Leung |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=June 14, 2016 |access-date=June 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615111952/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html |archive-date=June 15, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="VCS 20160713">{{cite news |title=Thousand Oaks council adjusts boulevard plan, names interim city manager |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |first=Amanda |last=Covarrubias |date=July 12, 2016 |access-date=July 13, 2016 |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714151631/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html |archive-date=July 14, 2016 }}</ref> The city is "built-out" within the confines of the Conejo Valley and has adopted a [[smart growth]] strategy as there is no room for the [[Urban sprawl|sprawling suburban growth]] the city is known for.<ref>McGrath, Rachel (October 16, 2014) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692 "Thousand Oaks council OKs Los Feliz apartments"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018072428/http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692 |date=October 18, 2014 }} ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref>
Increased development in Moorpark and Simi Valley in the late 1990s and early 2000s caused the [[California State Route 23|Moorpark Freeway (Highway 23)]] to become heavily congested during both morning and afternoon rush hours. A major widening project began in 2008 to alleviate most of this congestion. Because of its desirable environment and location, property values appreciated more than 250% in less than ten years, primarily during the mid-1990s to early 2000s.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
On March 30, 2016, [[California Lutheran University]] and the NFL Rams team reached an agreement that allowed the team to have regular season training operations at CLU's campus in Thousand Oaks for the next two years. The Rams paid for two practice fields, paved parking, and modular buildings constructed on the northwestern corner of the campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|title=L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401144546/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=April 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|title=Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site|website=NFL.com|language=en|access-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref>
On November 7, 2018, a lone gunman killed 12 people [[Thousand Oaks shooting|in a mass shooting at the Borderline Bar & Grill]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Del Real|first1=Jose A.|last2=Mullany|first2=Gerry|last3=Goldman|first3=Russell|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/us/shooting-california-thousand-oaks.html|title=Gunman Kills at Least 12 at Thousand Oaks Bar|work=The New York Times|date=November 8, 2018|access-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/proposed-borderline-shooting-memorial-design-set-to-be-unveiled-before-thousand-oaks-city-council|title=Borderline shooting memorial design set to be unveiled before Thousand Oaks City Council|last=Gazzar|first=Brenda|date=June 25, 2019|newspaper=Daily News|language=en-US|access-date=June 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/07/06/borderline-owner-hynes-has-up-and-downs-never-get-over-shooting-thousand-oaks/1620838001/|title=Borderline co-owner Hynes has ups and downs, doesn't think he'll get over Nov. 7 shooting|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=July 6, 2019|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Just days later, as a vigil was held for those impacted by the shooting, the massive ''Hill Fire'' and ''[[Woolsey Fire]]'' threatened the community, burning homes across Ventura and Los Angeles Counties. The fires would continue through almost the entire month of November charring almost 100,000 acres and consuming multiple homes in the region as it burned through [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]], [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]], and Thousand Oaks, all the way to the [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] coastline.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
In February 2019, in what was called a response to the shooting, members of the [[Westboro Baptist Church]] demonstrated outside [[Thousand Oaks High School]]. Parents, students, faith communities, and community members held a counter-demonstration across the street.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/opinion/editorials/2019/02/25/thousand-oaks-shows-love-can-defeat-westboros-hateful-messages/2955236002/|title=Thousand Oaks shows love can defeat Westboro's hateful messages|last=Paulson|first=Terry|date=February 25, 2019|newspaper=Ventura County Star|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>
{{wide image|Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg|825px|Western Thousand Oaks as seen from atop [[Tarantula Hill]].}}
== Geography ==
[[File:Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg|thumb|Waterfall in [[Wildwood Regional Park]].]]
[[File:Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg|thumb|Wetlands in [[Hill Canyon]].]]
The city of Thousand Oaks Is situated in the [[Conejo Valley]] in southeastern [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], halfway between [[Los Angeles]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], and 12 miles east of the Pacific Ocean.<ref name="Kath 2011 Page 45">Kath, Laura and Pamela Price (2011). ''Fun with the Family Southern California: Hundreds of Ideas for Day Trips with the Kids''. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 45. {{ISBN|9780762774753}}.</ref><ref name="callutheran2">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html|title=Thousand Oaks - Undergraduate Admission|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064631/https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> Conejo Valley lies at 900 feet; 55 of its 1,884 square miles are located within Thousand Oaks city limits.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 13. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref>Triem, Judith P. (1985). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune: An Illustrated History''. Windsor Publications. Page 114. {{ISBN|9780897811569}}.</ref> For comparison, the city is larger in area than [[Long Beach, CA]], and 20 percent larger than [[San Francisco]].<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 119">McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 119. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
Designated open-space nature areas occupy 34 percent of the city as of 2017 (15,194 acres).<ref name="toaks">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space|title=Trails & Open Space | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064605/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> 928 acres of the [[Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area]] (SMMNRA) is within the southern borders of the city.<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm#Santa ]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209163754/http://conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm |date=February 9, 2016 }} Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</ref> Thousand Oaks is within the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]] and is 38 miles west of Los Angeles. [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] is located on the other side of the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/> Conejo Valley is bordered by the Santa Monica's to the south, [[Conejo Mountains]] to the west and north, and the [[Simi Hills]] to the northeast.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/>
Thousand Oaks has grown due to the incorporation of neighboring cities. Two-thirds of [[Westlake Village]] and most of [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] were annexed by the city in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="conejovalleyguide3"/><ref name="Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne 2010 Page 55"/><ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 54. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] currently makes up around 40 percent of the city's total land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/tell-me-a-little-bit-about-newbury-park.html|title=Tell Me a Little Bit About Newbury Park}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is located at {{coord|34|11|22|N|118|52|30|W|type:city}} (34.189489, -118.875053).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|55.2|sqmi|km2}}. {{convert|55.0|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.15|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.27%) is water.
Although Thousand Oaks has several shopping centers, including the [[Janss Marketplace]] mall, [[The Oaks Shopping Center|The Oaks]] mall, and [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard|W. Thousand Oaks Blvd.]], a large portion of the city's inhabitants live in suburban communities a distance from the commercial centers of the city. The large housing districts near Lynn Road to the north and west are an example of this [[Urban sprawl|sprawl]], despite attempts by Ventura County planners to reduce it.<ref>Rochester, Teresa (March 27, 2014) "Diversity will shape Thousand Oaks' future" ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref> Many housing tracts are surrounded by walls. This design is meant to keep heavy traffic away from residential roads.<ref>McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 120. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
[[File:Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3.65|[[Conejo Grade]] and [[Conejo Mountain]] in westernmost [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]. The [[Topa Topa Mountains]] can be seen in the far back.]]
=== Physiography ===
[[File:Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Clef Ridge]] is a 1,076 ft volcanic mountain.]]
The physiography is dominated by prominent knolls, surrounding mountains, open vistas and native oak woodland. It is home to 50–60,000 oak trees,<ref name="toacorn.com"/> and the city is characterized by its many oak trees and rolling green hills.<ref>Strong, Kathy (2011). ''Southern California Off the Beaten Path: A Guide to Unique Places. Rowman & Littlefield''. Page 42. {{ISBN|9780762774784}}.</ref>
The northern parts consist of mountainous terrain in the [[Simi Hills]], [[Conejo Mountains]] and [[Mount Clef Ridge]]. Narrow canyons such as [[Hill Canyon]] cut through the steeper mountainous areas. [[Conejo Mountain]] and [[Conejo Grade]] are found in westernmost [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], while the southernmost parts of Thousand Oaks are made up of [[Russell Valley]], [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California|Hidden Valley]] and the steep rugged slopes of the [[Santa Monica Mountains]]. The elevation ranges from 500 feet in the northwest to the 2,403 feet [[Simi Peak]]. The major drainage is [[Conejo Creek]] (Arroyo Conejo).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf |title=Seismic Hazard Zone Report for the Thousand Oaks 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California |access-date=October 1, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070943/http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf |archive-date=October 2, 2017 }} (Pages 5-6).</ref>
Wetlands include [[Banning Dam|Lake Eleanor]], [[Arroyo Conejo|Paradise Falls]] in [[Wildwood Regional Park]], [[Twin Ponds (Newbury Park)|Twin Ponds]] in [[Dos Vientos Open Space|Dos Vientos]] and the 7-acre [[Hill Canyon|Hill Canyon Wetlands]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
{{geographic location
| title = '''Destinations from Thousand Oaks'''
| Centre = Thousand Oaks
| North = [[Moorpark, California|Moorpark]]
| Northeast = [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]]
| East = [[Oak Park, California|Oak Park]]<br />[[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]]
| Southeast =
| South = ''[[Santa Monica Mountains]]''
| West = [[Casa Conejo, California|Casa Conejo]]<br />[[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]
| Northwest = [[Camarillo, California|Camarillo]]
}}
=== Climate ===
The region experiences a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]) or dry-summer subtropical zone climate, with hot, sunny, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. Vegetation is typical of [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] environments, with chaparral and grasses on the hillsides and numerous western valley oaks. Its elevation ranges from about 500 to 900 feet (excluding the mountains and hills). The area has slightly cooler temperatures than the surrounding areas, as it receives cooler air from the ocean through various hill and mountain passes. On March 10 and 11, 2006, snow fell on the peak of [[Boney Mountain]], the first snow to fall in the area in about 20 years. Snow also fell on Boney Peak on December 17 and 18, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate|title=Thousand Oaks, California, USA - Discover World|website=www.discoverworld.com|language=en-US|access-date=January 24, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071723/https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate|archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>
In line with the rest of coastal California, temperatures at [[solar noon]] tend to fluctuate between 70–80 °F (21–26 °C) during summer, and rarely drop below 60–65 °F (15–18 °C) during winter.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 26. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Thousand Oaks, California
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 65.0
|Feb high F = 65.3
|Mar high F = 68.5
|Apr high F = 71.0
|May high F = 74.5
|Jun high F = 79.7
|Jul high F = 84.7
|Aug high F = 84.6
|Sep high F = 83.1
|Oct high F = 77.3
|Nov high F = 71.3
|Dec high F = 65.4
|Jan record high F = 92
|Feb record high F = 92
|Mar record high F = 96
|Apr record high F = 105
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 106
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 119
|Oct record high F = 108
|Nov record high F = 99
|Dec record high F = 99
|year record high F= 119
|year high F =
|Jan low F = 45.6
|Feb low F = 44.4
|Mar low F = 46.7
|Apr low F = 48.0
|May low F = 51.5
|Jun low F = 56.1
|Jul low F = 59.4
|Aug low F = 58.0
|Sep low F = 57.7
|Oct low F = 53.2
|Nov low F = 47.9
|Dec low F = 44.0
|Jan record low F = 25
|Feb record low F = 26
|Mar record low F = 25
|Apr record low F = 30
|May record low F = 35
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 42
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 40
|Oct record low F = 32
|Nov record low F = 28
|Dec record low F = 25
|year record low F =25
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.88
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.20
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.45
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.84
|May precipitation inch = 0.34
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.06
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.02
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.18
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.74
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.39
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.38
|year precipitation inch = 16.54
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.weatherforyou.com/reports/index.php?forecast=pass&pass=normals&zipcode=91358&place=thousand+oaks&state=ca&country=us&hwvRMon=Jan| title =Thousand Oaks, California, United States (91358)
| access-date =2021-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/8822beff90baa667290ffa29247bbb8c165507fdcc924239cf7ff4f54186d476| title =Thousand Oaks, CA Monthly Weather| access-date =2021-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.climate-charts.com/USA-Stations/CA/USC00048904.html |title= Thousand Oaks, California: Climate and Daylight Charts and Data| access-date=2021-03-10}}</ref>
}}
== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1950= 1243
|1960= 2934
|1970= 35873
|1980= 77072
|1990= 104352
|2000= 117005
|2010= 126683
|estyear=2019
|estimate=126813
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{bar box
|title = Ancestry in Thousand Oaks
|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Origin |right1=percent |float=right
|bars =
{{bar percent|[[German American]]|dodgerblue|15.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Mexican American]]|lightblue|12.9}}
{{bar percent|[[English American]]|black|11.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Irish American]]|purple|10.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Italian American]]|darkred|7.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Russian American]]|lightgreen|3.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Chinese American]]|yellow|3.3}}
{{bar percent|[[French American]]|orange|3.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Polish American]]|green|3.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Scottish American]]|pink|2.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Indian American]]|lightred|2.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Norwegian American]]|blue|2.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Swedish American]]|white|2}}
{{bar percent|[[Dutch American]]|darkgreen|1.5}}
{{bar percent|[[African American]]|red|1.3}}
{{bar percent|Other{{efn|Mostly [[Multiracial American]], other [[Asian Americans|Asian]] or other [[European Americans|European ancestry]]}}|gray|18.9}}
}}
The city neighborhoods were built for the blue- and white-collar class in the 1950s. Today it is an upscale city with highly educated residents.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121">McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 121. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref> The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Thousand Oaks city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117114255/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582|archive-date=January 17, 2016}}</ref> reported that Thousand Oaks had a population of 126,683. The [[population density]] was 2,295.8 people per square mile (886.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of Thousand Oaks was 101,702 (80.3%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1,674 (1.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 497 (0.4%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 11,043 (8.7%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 146 (0.1%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 6,869 (5.4%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4,752 (3.8%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 21,341 persons (16.8%). The largest ancestry group is German-Americans 20,381 (15.8%), followed by Mexican 16,640 (12.9%), English 15,092 (11.7%), Irish 13,802 (10.7%), Italian 9,287 (7.2%), Russian 4,385 (3.4%), Chinese 4,256 (3.3%), French 4,127 (3.2%), Polish 4,127 (3.2%), Scottish 3,482 (2.7%), Indian 3,482 (2.7%), Norwegian 2,837 (2.2%) and Swedish 2,579 (2%).<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="neighborhoodscout">{{cite web|url=https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics|title=Thousand Oaks, CA Demographics and Population Statistics|website=NeighborhoodScout|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000946/https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics|archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>
The census reported that 124,941 people (98.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,390 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 352 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 45,836 households, out of which 16,439 (35.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27,206 (59.4%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 4,260 (9.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,925 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,761 (3.8%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 284 (0.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 9,728 households (21.2%) were made up of individuals, and 4,459 (9.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73. There were 33,391 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (72.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.15.
The population was spread out, with 30,076 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 10,226 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 29,853 people (23.6%) aged 25 to 44, 37,964 people (30.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 18,564 people (14.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
There were 47,497 housing units at an average density of 860.8 per square mile (332.3/km<sup>2</sup>), of which 33,501 (73.1%) were owner-occupied, and 12,335 (26.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 92,510 people (73.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,431 people (25.6%) lived in rental housing units.
The median income for a household in the city was $121,088.
== Government ==
[[File:Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg|thumb|City Hall is housed at [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]].]]
[[File:Topa TopaMountains.jpg|thumb|A view of the [[Topatopa Mountains]] and Amgen.]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:to3.jpg|thumb|The Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza and City Hall. It is the only performing arts center of its size and stature between Los Angeles and San Francisco.]] -->
Thousand Oaks does not directly elect its mayor; instead, council members take turns rotating into the position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|title=City Government|publisher=Thousand Oaks|access-date=February 9, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp|archive-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Mitnick>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html |title=Thousand Oaks City Manager Scott Mitnick fired |first=Mike |last=Harris |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225816/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html |archive-date=July 10, 2016 }}</ref>
According to the city's most recent (2019) Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fund financial statements, the city's various funds had $175.9 million in revenues, $169.8 million in expenditures, $1.01 billion in total assets, $176.3 million in total liabilities, and $27 million in investments:<ref name="toaks1">[https://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=23457 City of Thousand Oaks 2019 CAFR]</ref>
The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:<ref name="toaks1" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Department
! Director
|-
|City Manager
|Andrew Powers<ref name="VCS 20160713" /><ref name="vcstar3">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/|website=vcstar.com|title=Interim T.O. city manager hired permanently|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113183155/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/|archive-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|City Attorney
|Tracy Noonan
|-
|City Clerk
|Cynthia Rodriguez
|-
|Cultural Affairs
|Vacant
|-
|Community Development
|Mark Towne
|-
|Finance
|Jamie Boscarino
|-
|Fire
|John Spykerman
|-
|Human Resources
|Tim Giles
|-
|Library Services
|Heather Cousin
|-
|Police
|James Fryhoff
|-
|Public Works
|Clifford Finley
|}
Established in 1964, the [[City Manager]]'s post is charged with coordinating [[City Council]] policies and direction, and provides overall management administration of the city's ten departments. Administrative tasks are performed with assistance of four professional and three clerical staff members, including the Assistant City Manager, which serves in a key position. A major responsibility for the City Manager is the development of the annual city budget.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 11-12.]</ref>
As a chief legal advisor to the city, the [[City Attorney]] provides assistance and advice to all city departments and commissions. The attorney also represents the city in legal matters. The City Clerk's responsibilities include conducting elections, maintaining the custody of official city codes and records, administrating the oath of office given to elected officials, receiving legal claims, issuing marriage licenses, and receiving passport applications.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 12-13.]</ref>
Elected officials are very aware of the anti-growth sentiment that is common among the residents. All new development is described as slow-growth in order to be accepted by the community.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html |title=Advocates for Thousand Oaks Boulevard plan see chance to revitalize commercial corridor |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |first=Amanda |last=Covarrubias |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=July 19, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719062058/http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html |archive-date=July 19, 2016 }}</ref>
Ordinances protect oak trees and the city prioritizes planting more in street medians and other public land.<ref>Gold, Scott (July 18, 2014) [https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html "Thousand Oaks redevelopment sparks public outcry to save the trees"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720035435/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html |date=July 20, 2014 }} ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> More than {{convert|15,000|acre|km2}} have been preserved as [[Open space reserve|open space]], containing more than {{convert|75|mi|km}} of trails. Open space has been acquired through land dedications by developers, purchase, and [[conservation easements]]. Donations of open space have been made by [[Bob Hope]] and [[Joel McCrea]]. The largest donor has been the [[Prudential Financial|Prudential Company]] which developed the community of Westlake and eventually gave more than {{convert|3,000 |acres}}.<ref>Rochester, Teresa (June 4, 2014) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys "Thousand Oaks needs new revenue to complete ring of green"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605075443/http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys |date=June 5, 2015 }} ''[[Ventura County Star]]''</ref>
=== Political strength ===
Thousand Oaks and neighboring [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]] have traditionally been strongholds for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] in Ventura County.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley |title='Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency. |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |first=Kenneth R. |last=Weiss |date=October 27, 1991 |access-date=February 10, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211065419/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley |archive-date=February 11, 2016 }}</ref><ref>Here Publishing (2004). ''The Advocate No. 917, June 22, 2004''. Page 43. ISSN 0001-8996.</ref><ref name="lat20000219">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485|title=GOP Widens Lead in Registered Voters Within Ventura County|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Daryl|last=Kelley|date=February 19, 2000|access-date=February 10, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211025521/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485|archive-date=February 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="countyofventura">{{cite web|url=http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf|date=October 24, 2014|title=District Registration by Party|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011091450/http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf|archive-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> {{As of|2007}}, Thousand Oaks had three registered Republican voters for every two Democrats.<ref>Congressional Quarterly Inc. (2007). ''Congressional Districts: A Portrait of America''. Page 93. {{ISBN|978-0-87187-722-2}}.</ref> 45.8% of voters were registered Republicans in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html|title=Voters register for election – January 11, 2008 – www.mpacorn.com – Moorpark Acorn|work=mpacorn.com|access-date=February 10, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131015010/http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html|archive-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> By 2018, the party registrations for Thousand Oaks residents were 38% Republican, 33.7% Democrat, and 25% no preference, with the remainder split among other parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/154day-stwddirprim-2018/politicalsub.pdf|title=Report of Registration County Summary|publisher=County of Ventura|date=October 22, 2018|access-date=November 8, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108214638/https://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ventura-County-15-Day-Report-of-Registration-Summary.pdf|archive-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is located adjacent to [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]], often nicknamed "Reagan Country",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley|title='Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency.|first=KENNETH R.|last=WEISS|date=October 27, 1991|via=LA Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2011/08/rubio-wows-them-in-reagan-country-061956|title=Rubio wows them in Reagan country}}</ref> where the former president is buried at the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] near the Thousand Oaks border. The former president hired Bruce Oxford to work at his [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]] ranch in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Oxford had established the [[Thousand Oaks Meat Locker]] on today's [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]], a place where Reagan often returned to. During Reagan's run for [[California gubernatorial election, 1966|governor of California in 1966]], he stayed at the Meat Locker while awaiting the election returns. During the [[1980 US Presidential Election|1980 presidential election]], Reagan returned to Thousand Oaks Boulevard (then Ventura Boulevard).<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 129. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Presidents [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Gerald Ford]] and [[Ronald Reagan]] have held speeches at [[California Lutheran University]],<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 68. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref><ref name="callutheran3">{{cite web|url=https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s|title=History|website=Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032208/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> while President [[George W. Bush]] visited Newbury Park in 2003.<ref name="nphs">{{cite web|url=http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm|website=nphs.org|title=President Bush Visits Newbury Park|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818214624/http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm|archive-date=August 18, 2004}}</ref><ref name="malibutimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html|title=Presidential visit to Santa Monica Mountains creates controversy | News|website=malibutimes.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> The [[College Republicans|Republican Club]] at [[California Lutheran University]] has gained national prominence by having "the highest ratio of club members to number of students of any College Republican club in California."<ref>Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). ''Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 121. {{ISBN|9780802841216}}.</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:Amgenheadquarters.jpg|thumb|[[Amgen]] is the world's largest biotechnology firm and the largest employer in the Conejo Valley.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 128–129. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>]]
[[File:The oaks mall main entrance.jpg|thumb|[[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks]] is the largest shopping mall in [[Ventura County]].<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 67. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref name="latimes2">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs|title=3 New Leases Signed at Mall|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006115158/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs|archive-date=October 6, 2015|date=May 19, 1992}}</ref>]]
[[File:Los robles medical center receiving.jpg|thumb|[[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center|Los Robles Hospital]] has earned multiple top honors for its specialized care.<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 71. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref><ref>Triem, Judith P. (1990). ''Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 216-217. {{ISBN|9780945092162}}.</ref>]]
[[File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg|thumb|Sage Publications is headquartered in [[Newbury Park, CA]].]]
While agriculture was the dominant industry in Thousand Oaks until the 1950s, a number of high-tech companies moved to [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in the 1960s. Today it is home to a number of high-tech and biotech companies, and has been dubbed "the next Silicon Valley" for this reason.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 111"/><ref name="vcstar4">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Conejo Valley sees signs of becoming biotech mecca|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052352/http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/|archive-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> Thousand Oaks has been named one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. It was ranked the seventh richest city in America by [[Trulia]] in 2013,<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/|title=Americas richest cities in 2013 - Americas richest cities in 2013|website=CBS News|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052222/https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/|archive-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref> while it was ranked the 13th wealthiest U.S. city by [[NerdWallet]] in 2016.<ref name="ocregister">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/|title=Five Orange County cities ranked among nation's 20 wealthiest – Orange County Register|website=ocregister.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128172102/https://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/|archive-date=January 28, 2018|date=May 24, 2016}}</ref>
The city's economy is based on a range of businesses including biotechnology, electronics, automotive, aerospace, telecommunications, healthcare, and financing. [[Amgen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/09/20/new-regs-aim-help-grow-biotech-sector-thousand-oaks-home-amgen/2344845001/|title=Home of Amgen, Thousand Oaks puts out welcome mat for similar biotech businesses|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=September 20, 2019|website=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> [[Teledyne Technologies]],<ref>Rubin, Richard (2015). ''Directory of Corporate Counsel: 2015–2016 Edition''. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. Page 1248. {{ISBN|9781454856535}}.</ref> [[SAGE Publications]],<ref name="sagepub">{{cite web|url=https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us|title=Contact Us | SAGE Publications Inc|website=us.sagepub.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127000124/https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us|archive-date=November 27, 2017|date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> and [[Skyworks Solutions]] have corporate headquarters in the city, while [[Bank of America]], [[Baxter International]], [[General Dynamics Corporation]], [[Verizon]], [[Verizon Wireless]],<ref>Barros, Christine L. (2002). ''Los Angeles Job Bank''. Adams Media. Page 144. {{ISBN|9781580628198}}.</ref> [[Volkswagen]],<ref name="neftinvw">{{cite web|url=http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca|website=neftinvw.com|title=Contact Neftin Volkswagen in Thousand Oaks California|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021135001/http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca|archive-date=October 21, 2017}}</ref> [[Audi]],<ref name="audiwestlake">{{cite web|url=https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm|title=Rusnak/Westlake Audi | New Audi dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362|website=audiwestlake.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045215/https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm|archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> [[General Motors]], [[BMW]],<ref name="rusnakbmw">{{cite web|url=https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm|title=Rusnak BMW | New BMW dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362|website=rusnakbmw.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044842/https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm|archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref> Silver Star Automotive Group, and [[Anthem Blue Cross]] manage regional offices. Thousand Oaks also has large employers as [[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center]], [[Conejo Valley Unified School District]], City of Thousand Oaks, [[Hyatt Hotels]], and [[California Lutheran University]] headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250 |title=City of Thousand Oaks, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015 |access-date=August 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911080340/http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250 |archive-date=September 11, 2016 }} (Page 160)</ref><ref name="conejovalley">{{cite web|url=http://conejovalley.com/business/conejovalleyemployers.html|title=Conejo Valley - The Conejo Valley's Largest Employers|website=conejovalley.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> The city was also the former home to the corporate offices of [[Wellpoint]] and [[GTE]], which later became [[Verizon]], which relocated in the last decade. [[Hewlett-Packard]] was also previously located here.<ref>Chalquist, Craig (2008). ''Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real''. Craig Chalquist. Page 279. {{ISBN|9780595514625}}.</ref>
[[J.D. Power and Associates]] is headquartered in Thousand Oaks.<ref>"[http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm Contact Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614112021/http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm |date=June 14, 2012 }}." [[J. D. Power and Associates]]. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref><ref>"[https://www.census.gov Thousand Oaks city, California]." [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref><!--The postal address says "Westlake Village," but a map search will show that it is really in Thousand Oaks--> J.D. Power began moving its employees from its former headquarters in [[Agoura Hills, California]], to its current headquarters in the Westlake section of Thousand Oaks in the weekend after April 11, 2002.<ref>"[https://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3 Ventura County; IN BRIEF / THOUSAND OAKS; J.D. Power Moving to New Headquarters] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150130074922/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3 |date=January 30, 2015 }}." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. April 11, 2002. B3. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</ref> The communities of Thousand Oaks, [[Westlake Village]], and [[Agoura Hills]] are served by the Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce, one of the few in California to receive four-star accreditation from the United States Chamber of Commerce.<ref>"[http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce accreditation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801112344/http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx |date=August 1, 2010 }}"</ref>
Measure P, a marijuana business tax, was approved by voters in November 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/05/15/thousand-oaks-city-council-allow-marijuana-deliveries-recreational-medicinal/1170367001/|title=Under state dictate, Thousand Oaks to begrudgingly regulate marijuana deliveries in city|last=Harris|first=Mike|date=May 15, 2019|website=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref>
Demographic data shows that more and more of the local labor force lives within 20 miles of their place of work, and fewer Thousand Oaks residents are making the 30-mile commute to [[Los Angeles]]. Over 40 percent of residents are employed as executives or business professionals.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26"/>
The median home price is $699,900,<ref name="zillow">{{cite web|url=https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/|title=Thousand Oaks CA Home Prices & Home Values|website=Zillow|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713182344/https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/|archive-date=July 13, 2017}}</ref> which is over twice the national median home price.<ref name="businessinsider">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8|title=How much it costs to buy a home in the 15 safest cities in America|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024051615/http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8|archive-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref> It had the second-highest median home prices in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] in 1999.<ref>McCormack, Don (1999). ''McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000''. Mccormacks Guides. Page 106. {{ISBN|9781929365098}}.</ref>
=== Top employers ===
According to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>[http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=17130 Page 162]</ref> the top employers in the city are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No.
! Employer
! No. of employees
|-
| 1
|[[Amgen Inc.]]
|5,125
|-
|2
|[[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks (shopping mall)]]
|2,345
|-
|3
|[[Conejo Valley Unified School District]]
|1,900
|-
|4
|[[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center]]
|1,670
|-
|5
|[[Anthem Inc.]]
|1,415
|-
|6
|[[California Lutheran University]]
|1,126
|-
|7
|[[Shire (pharmaceutical company)|Shire]] (formerly [[Baxalta]])
|1,000
|-
|8
|[[Skyworks Solutions Inc]]
|645
|-
|9
|[[PennyMac Loan Services]]
|623
|-
|10
|[[Sage Publications Inc]]
|591
|}
== Culture ==
[[File:Lisa Loeb 10-31-2015 -11 (22662582785).jpg|thumb|[[Lisa Loeb]] performing at "Spokes In The Oaks".]]
[[File:Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg|thumb|[[Aebleskiver]] at the annual [[California Lutheran University#Scandinavian Festival|Scandinavian Festival]].]]
[[Conejo Valley Art Museum]] has showcased collections from artists such as [[Elizabeth Williams (artist)|Elizabeth Williams]], [[David Rose (animator)|David Rose]] and [[Howard Brodie]].<ref name="toacorn3">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/|title=Conejo Valley Art Museum is alive and well | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref> [[Chumash Indian Museum]] on Lang Ranch Parkway has displays of [[Chumash people|Chumash]] artifacts and a reconstructed Chumash village.<ref>Smith-Llera, Danielle (2016). ''The Chumash: The Past and Present of California's Seashell People''. Capstone. Page 22. {{ISBN|9781515702375}}.</ref> Another museum, the 1876 [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], is located in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] and is a [[California Historical Landmark]].<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 104-106. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref> Also in Newbury Park is [[Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center]], a museum at the foothills of [[Boney Peak|Mount Boney]], which is a sacred site for the Chumash people.<ref name="latimes3">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2|title=Museums, Festivals, Classes Open Door to Learning Indian History - Page 2|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151008002511/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2|archive-date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> [[American Radio Archive]] is a museum at [[Grant R. Brimhall Library]] dedicated to the history of radio. It contains one of the largest collections of radio broadcasting in the United States<ref>Sterling, Christopher H. and Cary O'Dell (2009). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio''. Routledge. Page 472. {{ISBN|978-0415995337}}.</ref> and in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolibrary.org/research/special-collections-home/american-radio-archives|title=American Radio Archives - Thousand Oaks, CA|website=www.tolibrary.org}}</ref> California Museum of Art is located at [[The Oaks Shopping Center]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] is home to two theaters: the 1,800-seat Fred Kavli Theatre and Ray Scherr Forum Theatre.<ref name="toaks2">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340|title=Civic Arts Plaza | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110547/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> [[Willie Nelson]],<ref name="latimes4">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html|website=latimesblogs.latimes.com|title=The L.A. Times music blog|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154357/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> [[Paul Anka]],<ref name="simivalleyacorn">{{cite web|url=https://www.simivalleyacorn.com/articles/anka-delivers-classic-tunes-at-kavli-theatre/|title=Anka delivers classic tunes at Kavli Theatre|website=Simi Valley Acorn|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Vince Gill]],<ref name="vcstar5">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/2017/03/15/vince-gill-talks-life-loss-and-touring-lovett/99185148/|website=vcstar.com|title=Vince Gill talks life, loss and touring with Lovett|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> [[Kris Kristofferson]]<ref name="noozhawk">{{cite web|url=https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson|title=Gerald Carpenter: Kris Kristofferson To Touch and Go at Thousand Oaks Concert | Arts & Entertainment|website=Noozhawk.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154417/https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> and [[Peter, Paul and Mary]]<ref name="vcstar6">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/02/15/two-peter-paul-and-mary-trio-continue-tour-thousand-oaks/97954398/|website=vcstar.com|title=Two of Peter, Paul and Mary trio continue tour in Thousand Oaks|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> have performed at [[Fred Kavli Theatre]]. Entertainers such as [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Bill Cosby]], [[David Copperfield (illusionist)|David Copperfield]], [[BB King]], [[Sheryl Crow]] and [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] have also performed at the Civic Arts Plaza.<ref>Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 52. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref>
[[Conejo Players Theatre]] has over 200 active members and was established in 1958.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Page 98. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref> [[Hillcrest Center for the Arts]] is home to Gothic Productions, Young Artists Ensemble, Thousand Oaks Actors Guild and other groups. Hillcrest Center is also home to Classics in the Park, which arranges annual summer concerts in Conejo Community Park.<ref>Tuttle, Tom (1988). ''Ventura County Companion''. EZ Nature Books. Pages 98-100. {{ISBN|9780945092025}}.</ref><ref name="hillcrestarts">{{cite web|url=http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about|website=hillcrestarts.com|title=Hillcrest Center for the Arts About Us|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001053955/http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> Galleries include Fred Kavli Theatre Gallery, [[Thousand Oaks Community Art Gallery]] and William Rolland Gallery of Fine Art.<ref name="toaks3">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries|title=Galleries | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154211/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref>
The annual Scandinavian Festival (“Scan Fest”) is an annual weekend spring festival which takes place at [[California Lutheran University]] every April. The festival was the first held as an accomplishment of John J. Nordberg, who was instrumental in getting the first [[American-Scandinavian Foundation]] chapter chartered in Thousand Oaks. The festival was established in order to boost cultural ties between California Lutheran College and the [[Nordic Countries]]. The festival offers foods, folk dances, music, literature and art from the Nordic Countries, including from [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], [[Iceland]], [[Finland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. The first festival was held in 1974 and was attended by over a thousand visitors.<ref>Hekhuis, Mary (1984). ''California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century''. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 56.</ref>
[[Conejo Valley Days]] is an annual spring festival with a carnival.<ref name="Kath 2011 Page 45"/>
OakHeart Country Music Festival is an annual outdoor country music concert held in June at the Conejo Creek Park fields. It is put on by the Borderline Bar and Grill and the Rotary Club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oakheartcmf.com/|title=OakHeart Country Music Festival|website=OakHeart Country Music Festival}}</ref> Previous performances include [[Rodney Atkins]], [[Tyler Farr]], [[Justin Moore]], [[Josh Turner]], [[Big & Rich]], [[Jana Kramer]], as well as other major names in [[country music]].<ref>https://www.oakheartcmf.com/history-of-oakheart?lightbox=dataItem-iitduh3t</ref>
On September 22, 2018, the City of Thousand Oaks hosted its first, [[intersectional]] LGBTQ+ event outside of the Mary and Richard Carpenter Civic Arts Plaza Park. The Festival hosted over 2,000 attendees and its highlights included LGBTQ+ talent in the form of spoken word, dance, music, and art. The Festival also featured mental and physical health services, LGBTQ+ non-profits, supportive religious organizations, local business vendors, a tribute to the 1969 [[Stonewall Riots]], youth arts/crafts, and more. The initial goal of this event was to bring critical visibility to the entire LGBTQ+ community of the Conejo Valley and to provide a cathartic experience for all attendees. The festival's organizers hope to make this an annual tradition.<ref>https://www.conejovalleypride.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-fest-will-share-its-pride/ |title=Conejo Valley fest will share its pride |work=The Acorn |date=September 13, 2018 |access-date=April 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alicia Doyle |url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/08/09/2-events-celebrate-ventura-countys-lgbtq-community/885731002/ |title=2 events celebrate Ventura County's LGBTQ community |work=Vcstar.com |date=August 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/filled-with-pride/ |title=Filled with pride |work=Toacorn.com |date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CONEJO VALLEY PRIDE: Creating Community Through Visibility |url=http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/|work=Rage Monthly |date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131526/http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/ |archive-date=November 16, 2018}}</ref>
== Public safety ==
:See Also: [http://vcemergency.com the '''Ventura county''' emergency communications hub]
=== Fire department ===
[[File:Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg|thumb|Fire Station 35 in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] opened in 2017 and replaced the 1962 station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vcfd.org/station-35|title=Station 35|website=vcfd.org}}</ref>]]
The [[Ventura County Fire Department]] provides [[fire protection]] and [[emergency medical services]] for Thousand Oaks and the surrounding areas. [[American Medical Response]] is the contracted paramedic ambulance provider for the area.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
Prior to the 1930s, fires were fought by local ranchers. Conejo Valley residents all signed a petition appealing for a truck. The request was presented to Ventura County Fire Warden, [[Walter Emerick]], in April 1931. [[Louis Goebel]], the owner of [[Goebel's Lion Farm]], contacted the warden and wrote: "If you provide Thousand Oaks with a fire truck, I'll build a fire station for it and you can use it as long as you want." The offer was accepted and Goebel built a 22-by-50 ft. extension onto his main building. On the evening of March 28, 1932, Walter Emerick delivered the valley's first fire engine.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 103. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Tom Moody became the first Conejo Valley Fire Chief and established a temporary fire station in [[Lake Sherwood, California|Lake Sherwood]] in 1942. Two permanent fire stations were built in 1949: one in Lake Sherwood and a new station at 67 Erbes Road which replaced the fire station at Goebel's Lion Farm. In 1961 Fire Station 34 was constructed followed by Station 35 in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 1962. Two stations were established to replace Station 31 on Erbes Road: Station 30 on Hillcrest Dr. (1974) and a new Fire Station 31 on Duesenburg Drive (1977). Fire Station 36 was built in 1985, followed by Station 37 in North Ranch in 2001.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 104. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
Conejo Valley fire personnel work closely with their counterparts across the county border in [[Los Angeles County Fire Department|Los Angeles County]], and reciprocate their services both Ventura- and L.A. Counties.<ref name="Commerce 1973 Page 9">Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce (1973). ''Conejo Valley: Thousand Oaks, California''. Thousand Oaks, CA: Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce. Page 9.</ref>
=== Law enforcement ===
[[File:Ventura County Sheriff Bell HH-1H (205) "N205SD".jpg|thumb|[[Ventura County Sheriff]] helicopter.]]
[[Thousand Oaks Police Department]] and [[Ventura County Sheriff's Office]] provide [[law enforcement]] services for the city. Thousand Oaks Police Department was established on July 1, 1965, nine months after the city was incorporated, and has contracted the sheriff's department to provide police service since inception.<ref name="toacorn4">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/|title=The First TOPD | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref>
The city's police department was instituted on July 1, 1965, with a personnel complement of twelve persons and two patrol vehicles. Captain T. Burt Stevens was the city's first Chief of Police.<ref>[http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C City of Thousand Oaks (1984). ''20 Years: Thousand Oaks''. Ventura Printing. Page 16.]</ref> The police station was originally operated under contract with the [[Ventura County Sheriff's Department]]. Fifteen officers, a sergeant, and a station commander serving as police chief, began work officially on July 1, 1965. Prior to the new police station, the closest deputies were in the city of [[Ventura, California|Ventura]] and had to make the far trek to the [[Conejo Valley]] when crimes occurred. A resident deputy had also been assigned to the valley prior to the new station, who received his calls out of the family home. When the police station was established, it was originally two patrol cars to cover the city.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 109. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref> As of 1973, the police department was staffed by nineteen deputies from the Ventura County Sheriff's East Valley Station. There were four one-man patrol vehicles which were operated on 24-hour basis.<ref name="Commerce 1973 Page 9"/>
At first, the police station was housed in a room at the Park Oaks Fire Station, on the corner of Avenida de Los Arboles and Moorpark Road. As the officers soon outgrew the small room, the house across the street was rented and turned into a police station. The little house on Avenida de Los Arboles gave way to a professional sheriff's station, which was established on Olsen Road in 1969. It was replaced in 1988 with a more modern station, located just a half mile down Olsen Road.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 110-111. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
=== Crime ===
Thousand Oaks is one of the safest cities in America, according to consistent FBI reporting.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 26"/> In October 2013, Thousand Oaks was ranked the fourth safest city with a population over 100,000 in America, according to an annual report by the FBI.<ref name="FBI – safest city">{{cite news|title=Thousand Oaks Ranks As 4th Safest City In U.S.|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/|access-date=August 26, 2016|publisher=CBS|date=October 14, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913130511/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/|archive-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> It has one of the lowest crime rates in California.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121"/> The company [[Niche (company)|Niche]] ranked Thousand Oaks as America's second-safest city in 2016.<ref name="businessinsider2">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1|title=The 25 safest American cities to live in|website=Business Insider|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123003037/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1|archive-date=November 23, 2017}}</ref> The city experienced its first homicide in four years in October 2014.<ref name="toacorn5">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/crime-reports-down-in-t-o-in-2014/|title=Crime reports down in T.O. in 2014 | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref>
Despite a significant population growth since the 1990s, the city has experienced a general [[crime drop|crime decline]].<ref name="vcstar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/|title=Crime on rise in Thousand Oaks for 2016|website=vcstar.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316074452/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/|archive-date=March 16, 2017|url-status=live|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, there were 1.05 violent crimes per 1,000 residents, up from 0.99 in 2014. Overall, the city experienced a one percent crime decrease between 2014 and 2015.<ref name="toacorn6">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/report-violent-crime-rate-in-t-o-remains-historically-low/|title=Report: Violent crime rate in T.O. remains historically low | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> Petty theft was the most-reported crime category in 2013, accounting for 40% of all crimes.<ref name="toacorn7">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/|title=City's crime rate continues to topple | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/|archive-date=April 28, 2018}}</ref>
==== 2018 mass shooting ====
{{main|Thousand Oaks shooting}}
On the night of Wednesday, November 7, 2018, at 11:20 p.m., a [[mass shooting]] occurred at the local ''Borderline Bar & Grill'', when a man entered the venue during a weekly country event. Thirteen people were killed while others suffered injuries.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
The portion of the Ventura Freeway that passes by the location has been named in honor of Ventura County Sheriff Sergeant Ron Helus, who was killed after entering the venue to confront the perpetrator.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://keyt.com/news/ventura-county/2019/11/06/sheriffs-office-dedicate-highway-sign-in-honor-of-sergeant-ron-helus-in-ventura-county/|title=Ventura County Sheriff's Office dedicates highway sign in honor of Sgt. Ron Helus|last=Nguyen|first=Julia|date=November 6, 2019|website=KEYT {{!}} KCOY|language=en-US|access-date=November 12, 2019}}</ref>
== Education ==
[[File:CLU Main Street.jpg|thumb|[[California Lutheran University]] has been rated the 13th best university in Western United States.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 46">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 46. {{ISBN|9781581920611}}.</ref><ref name="usnews">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|website=usnews.com|title=www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920181301/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133|archive-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>]]
Thousand Oaks is served by the [[Conejo Valley Unified School District]]. Academic scores in public schools are high. Several schools are scoring in the top ten percent of schools in California.<ref name="McCormack, Don 1999 Page 121"/> It includes numerous elementary schools, [[Colina Middle School]], [[Redwood Middle School (Thousand Oaks)|Redwood Middle School]], [[Los Cerritos Middle School]]. The high schools of the area include [[Thousand Oaks High School]], [[Newbury Park High School]], and [[Westlake High School (California)|Westlake High School]]. Also part of the school district are [[Sycamore Canyon Middle School]] and [[Sequoia Middle School (Newbury Park, California)|Sequoia Middle School]], located in Newbury Park. [[Oaks Christian High School]], while located immediately outside Ventura County, matriculates numerous students from the county. [[La Reina High School]] is a private [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], all-girls junior/senior high school.
The [[Thousand Oaks Library]] system is consistently ranked as one of the best public libraries in California.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html | title=Hennen's American Public Library Ratings - CA | publisher=HAPLR index | access-date=April 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070421043154/http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 21, 2007}}</ref> The library consists of the [[Grant R. Brimhall Library]] in Thousand Oaks and the Newbury Park Branch Library in Newbury Park.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp | title=Thousand Oaks Library | publisher=Thousand Oaks Library website | access-date=April 29, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070602184323/http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp | archive-date=June 2, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> A {{convert|22000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} children's library was added to the existing {{convert|62000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} main building in June 2006. The children's library expansion resulted in an improved children's services area, a 3800-gallon, salt-water aquarium; quiet study rooms; a technology training room; a children's programming room; and additional seating and shelving capacity for both the children's services area and adult services area. Both the main library and Newbury Park Branch offer free wireless Internet access.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm | title=Thousand Oaks Library Expansion Project | publisher=Thousand Oaks Library website | access-date=April 29, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070402083910/http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 2, 2007}}</ref>
For over ten consecutive years, [[California Lutheran University]] has been ranked among "Top 25 Universities in [[Western United States]]" by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' published by America's Best Colleges Guide.<ref name="Baker 2002 Page 46"/> It was ranked 14th as of 2018.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133</ref>
== Sports ==
[[File:CLU Rolland Stadium.jpg|thumb|[[Los Angeles Rams]] trains at [[California Lutheran University]] (CLU).<ref name="nfl">{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|title=Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site|website=NFL.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221852/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site|archive-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="therams">{{cite web|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|website=therams.com|title=L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911023845/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=September 11, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[File:Jamon Brown.JPG|thumb|NFL-player [[Jamon Brown]] lives in Newbury Park.<ref name="vcstar7">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124323/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ocregister2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/|title=Bonsignore: Welcome to L.A., Rams – your new city has lots to offer – Orange County Register|website=ocregister.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090944/http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/|archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref>]]
[[Los Angeles Lightning]] is a local basketball team based at [[Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center]] at [[California Lutheran University]]. Besides having been the summer camp for [[NFL]] teams [[Los Angeles Rams]] and [[Dallas Cowboys]], CLU also served as the official training site of the 2008 and 2012 [[United States men's national water polo team|US Olympic Men's Water Polo teams]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/ |date=July 2, 2012b |title=U.S. Men's Olympic Water Polo Team Wrapping Up Training in Ventura County For 2012 Summer Games In London |website=KCLU.org |access-date=July 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711035233/http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/ |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A nearby company, ''[[DesignworksUSA]]'' in Newbury Park, has designed the U.S. Olympic Team's bobsleds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywoods-bespoke-bmw-a-listers-871606|title=Hollywood's Bespoke BMW: A-Listers Requesting Leather Dog Beds, Family Crests}}</ref> Furthermore, Newbury Park has been the location of several [[Tour of California]], a professional cycling race.<ref name="vcstar8">{{cite web|url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html|website=archive.vcstar.com|title=Amgen Tour of California to make its way through Ventura County Tuesday|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054934/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html|archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toacorn8">{{cite web|url=http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/|title=Tour of California will finish in Thousand Oaks | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055619/http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/|archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>
[[AYSO]], club soccer (such as Apex Soccer Club, Newbury Park Soccer Club and Conejo Valley United), Conejo Youth Basketball Association, Conejo Valley Thunder [[Amateur wrestling|Wrestling]], [[Pop Warner Little Scholars|Pop Warner]] [[American football|football]], [[Little League]] [[baseball]], CYFFA [[flag football]], girls' [[softball]], organized swim team leagues, [[ice hockey]], and even organized [[lacrosse]], [[rugby football|rugby]] and [[field hockey]] have active programs. Conejo Simi Swim Club is the oldest (est. 1974) and most successful youth swim program in the area.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Ventura County Fusion]], a minor-league [[soccer]] team playing in the [[USL Premier Development League]], while based in nearby [[Ventura, California|Ventura]], has held home games at [[Newbury Park High School]] in Newbury Park. The Conejo Oaks semi-pro collegiate baseball team play in Thousand Oaks at [[Sparky Anderson|Sparky Anderson Field]].<ref>[http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html Conejo Oaks Baseball Club] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117214518/http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html |date=January 17, 2016 }} Official website Retrieved April 1, 2015.</ref> The Ventura County Outlaws is a [[rugby union]] team competing in the [[Southern California Rugby Football Union]], based in Thousand Oaks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/|title=Ventura County Rugby Club|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213324/http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/|archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref>
The city is home to the [[Sherwood Country Club]], a golf course designed by [[Jack Nicklaus]]. The annual [[Chevron World Challenge]] golf tournament hosted by [[Tiger Woods]] took place at the course from 2000 to 2013.<ref name="tigerwoods">{{cite web|url=http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/|title=The history of the Hero World Challenge - Newsfeed|website=news.tigerwoods.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220635/http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/|archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref>
===Professional Football===
For 27 years, [[California Lutheran University]] hosted the training camp for the [[Dallas Cowboys]]. The final camp was held in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|title=CLU Searching for New NFL Tenant|date=December 7, 1989|first=John|last=Ortega|access-date=February 11, 2016|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211101449/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football|archive-date=February 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42">Pearlman, Jeff (2009). ''Boys Will Be Boys: The Glory Days and Party Nights of the Dallas Cowboys Dynasty''. Harper Perennial. Page 42. {{ISBN|978-0061256813}}.</ref> The CLU [[American football|football]] practice field used by the [[Dallas Cowboys|Cowboys]] as well as the CLU Kingsmen football team was replaced by a large sports complex in 2006. The Cowboys Clubhouse in Thousand Oaks still stands across from the complex, and is currently a family residence. The [[Los Angeles Rams]]' temporary headquarters and practice facilities are located on the same campus until the team constructs their permanent training complex in Los Angeles (in a separate July 2016 agreement, the Rams signed a three-year deal with [[UC Irvine]] to use that university's Crawford Field for the team's training camp.)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|date=March 30, 2016|title=LA Rams Training Moving to Cal Lutheran|publisher=LA Rams|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401144546/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd|archive-date=April 1, 2016|access-date=April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rams to practice at Cal Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks |author=Staff |newspaper=Pacific Coast Business Times |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |url=http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403133306/http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/ |archive-date=April 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html |title=Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home |first=Joe |last=Curley |newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]] |date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=July 11, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225633/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html |archive-date=July 10, 2016 }}</ref>
===Baseball===
In August 1994, a team from Thousand Oaks Little League became the first Little League team in Ventura County to win a World Championship, winning the [[Junior League World Series]] championship game 20–3.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks|title = Thousand Oaks All-Stars Welcomed Like Winners : Youth: Junior League World Series champions dominated Ohio opponent, despite mustachioed outfielders.|last = Jordan|first = Phyllis W.|date = August 22, 1994|work = [[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|archive-url = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150401192550/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks|archive-date = April 1, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> In 1996, a Senior Division (ages 14–16) Thousand Oaks Little League team won a National Championship. Two years later in 1998, a Big League Division (ages 17–18) Conejo Valley Little League team won a World Championship, defeating a Venezuelan Team 10–9 in the [[Big League World Series]] and going 26–1 in tournament play. In 2006, Thousand Oaks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm |title=Thousand Oaks Big League |publisher=Eteamz.active.com |date=September 1, 2009 |access-date=December 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409184017/http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm |archive-date=April 9, 2011 }}</ref> won the World Championship in the Big League Division (ages 16–18) of Little League by defeating a team from [[Puerto Rico]] 10–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm |title=Little League Online |publisher=Littleleague.org |access-date=June 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614001436/http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2012 }}</ref>
The Thousand Oaks Big League team were also World Series runners-up in 2003 and 2005. In 2007, they were United States runner-up. In 2009, they won the United States Championship and appeared on prime time on ESPN. In the summer of 2004, the Little League National Championship team hailed from Thousand Oaks. The Conejo Valley East<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball |title=Conejo Valley Little League Baseball Home |publisher=Cvll.net |access-date=December 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729170507/http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball |archive-date=July 29, 2012 }}</ref> team of 11- and 12-year-olds went 22–0 in local, regional, and World Series tournaments play claiming the national title at the [[2004 Little League World Series]] in [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania]] before losing in the international title game to the team from [[Curaçao]], [[Caribbean]].<ref name="toacorn9">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/t-o-big-league-team-experiences-baseball-bliss-traveling-the-country/|title=T.O. Big League team experiences baseball bliss traveling the country | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref>
== Media ==
[[File:Kclu broadcast center clu.jpg|thumb|[[KCLU-FM|KCLU]] at [[California Lutheran University]] is the only public radio station in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]].<ref>Oram, Fern A. (2006). ''MBA Programs 2007 (Peterson's MBA Programs)''. Peterson's. Page 62. {{ISBN|978-0768921618}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mclain |first=Jim |url=http://archive.vcstar.com/business/kclu-expands-to-santa-barbara-ep-373200371-352476441.html/ |title=KCLU expands to Santa Barbara |publisher=Archive.vcstar.com |date=August 29, 2008}}</ref>]]
''[[Thousand Oaks Acorn|The Acorn]]'' is the main newspaper covering Thousand Oaks, [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], and [[Westlake Village, California|Westlake Village]]. ''[[Ventura County Star|The Ventura County Star]]'' is a larger regional newspaper covering Ventura County. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' circulations increased after the newspaper began covering the Conejo Valley in 1987.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 71. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to a few radio station transmitter sites as well including [[KCLU-FM]], an [[National Public Radio|NPR]] radio station based at [[California Lutheran University]]. Other radio station transmitters located in Thousand Oaks include [[KDSC]] (the repeater for Los Angeles' [[KUSC]]) airing [[Classical music|Classical Music]] on 91.1, [[KYLA|KYRA]] airing [[Educational Media Foundation|EMF]]'s [[Christian rock|Christian Rock]], [[Air1]] on 92.7, and [https://radio-locator.com/info/K280DT-FX?loc=34.18949%2C-118.87505&locn=Thousand%20Oaks%2C%20California K280DT], a translator of [[KOST|KOST-FM]] Los Angeles, airing [[adult contemporary music]].{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Thousand Oaks TV]] is a 24-hour cable TV station established by the city in 1987.<ref name="vcstar9">{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/02/03/thousand-oaks-uses-drone-tv-programming/95812420/|website=vcstar.com|title=Thousand Oaks uses drone for TV programming|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="toaks4">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv|title=Watch TOTV | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114610/http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv|archive-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref> Besides [[KCLU-FM]], another student media outlet at [[California Lutheran University]] is ''The Echo'', a news outlet.<ref>Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). ''Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 120. {{ISBN|9780802841216}}.</ref>
The first newspaper, ''Oaks Post'', was published during the 1940s. ''Conejo Valley News'' was established in 1954, while ''Village Chronicle'' was established in 1959. ''Thousand Oaks Journal'' was another early local newspaper in the 1960s.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Pages 71-72. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Former [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] newspapers have included the ''Newbury Star'' in the 1960s, ''Our Town U.S.A.'', and ''The Newburian'', which was published by [[Newbury Park Adventist Academy]]. ''Newbury Park Reporter'' was a local edition of the ''[[Star Free Press]]''.<ref>Needham, Beth (1990). ''Newbury Park''. Thousand Oaks, CA: Beth Needham. Page 17.</ref>
== Transportation ==
[[File:Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg|thumb|[[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]].]]
[[File:ThousandOaksCA typical street.jpg|thumb|A neighborhood in Thousand Oaks.]]
=== Roads ===
Thousand Oaks lies in the heart of the [[Conejo Valley]], with the city of [[Los Angeles]] to the east and the city of [[Ventura, California|Ventura]] to the west. The city is served by [[U.S. Route 101 (California)|U.S. Route 101]] (the Ventura Freeway), as well as [[California State Route 23|State Route 23]] (the Moorpark Freeway). Highway 101 runs through the city and connects it with Los Angeles and Ventura. Highway 23 connects to the 101 near downtown Thousand Oaks, runs north toward [[Moorpark, California|Moorpark]], and essentially divides the city in two. Thousand Oaks is also served by [[Thousand Oaks Transit]], which provides public transportation in the form of shuttles and buses. TOT buses provide service to Thousand Oaks as well as some neighboring communities.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
=== Public transportation ===
A regional transportation center provides bus and shuttle lines to Los Angeles, Oxnard, Ventura, Moorpark, Simi Valley, and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] via the [[Ventura Intercity Service Transit Authority|VISTA]], [[Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority|Metro]], and [[LADOT]] Commuter Express bus lines. In addition to being a transfer station from Los Angeles and other nearby cities, it also serves as the primary station for [[Thousand Oaks Transit]] buses.<ref>McGrath, Rachel (March 3, 2013) [http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/ "Thousand Oaks Transportation Center parking expansion appears on track"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301083729/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/ |date=March 1, 2014 }} ''Ventura County Star''</ref> [[Ventura County Line|Metrolink Ventura County]] and [[Pacific Surfliner]] services are available at the train stations in [[Moorpark (train station)|Moorpark]] and [[Camarillo (train station)|Camarillo]]. The [[Coast Starlight|Amtrak Coast Starlight]] stops at the [[Oxnard Transit Center]] and the [[Simi Valley (train station)|Simi Valley Amtrak/Metrolink Station]].
=== Air ===
Commercial air travel is provided primarily by [[Los Angeles International Airport]] for regular commuters, while the [[Bob Hope Airport]] (in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]]) offers an alternative for domestic destinations. Thousand Oaks offers public transportation that runs to both airports, via the VISTA, Metro, and LADOT bus lines. Los Angeles International Airport is approximately {{convert|40|mi|km}} southeast of the city, while Burbank Airport is approximately {{convert|35|mi|km}} east of the city. General aviation airports include [[Camarillo Airport]], approximately {{convert|15|mi|km}} west of the city; [[Oxnard Airport]], approximately {{convert|25|mi|km}} west of the city in [[Oxnard, California]]; and [[Van Nuys Airport]], {{convert|25|mi|km}} east of the city.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
[[Conejo Valley Airport]], also known as Janss Airport,<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 38. {{ISBN|9781467125697}}.</ref> was an airport in Thousand Oaks. It had the first qualified flying field in the [[Conejo Valley]], and was opened sometime between 1946 and 1949 by the [[Janss Corporation]], which had large land holdings in the area. The airport had 2,800 feet of unpaved runway, located parallel to Ventura Road, now known as [[Thousand Oaks Boulevard]] (near Moorpark Road). When the state established a highway through town in 1952, the airfield was moved to the south side of the 101 [[Ventura Freeway]]. The airport was often featured in movies, including ''[[Francis (film)|Francis the Talking Mule]]'' (1950) with [[Donald O'Conner]].<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 42-43. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref> Other movies filmed here include ''[[The Paleface (1948 film)|The Paleface]]'' (1948), ''[[Riders of the Whistling Pines]]'' (1949),<ref>Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). ''Western Movie Making Locations Volume 1 Southern California''. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 118. {{ISBN|9781312711556}}.</ref> and ''[[Overland Stage Raiders]]'' (1938).<ref>Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). ''The Ray "Crash" Corrigan Filmography''. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 195. {{ISBN|9780983197287}}.</ref>
The airport was no longer in use by 1962, and is the present location of [[Los Robles Greens Golf Course]]. The Janss Corporation later announced they would construct a new airport on the 1,400 acre Friedrich Ranch in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], which they had purchased to develop the [[Rancho Conejo Industrial Park]]. Rancho Conejo Airport opened on May 5, 1960, and considered an executive airport. It had a 4,300 foot surfaced and lighted runway, and was described by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'': "It was the finest executive aircraft facility on the West Coast… and will serve the needs of the fast-moving executives of the space-age industries." The airport was used in the filming of ''[[It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World]]'' in 1963. The airport closed by 1965–66, and the land remained empty until 1991 when [[Shapell Industries]] constructed Rancho Conejo Village homes. The former site is northwest of the intersection of Lawrence Drive and Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). ''Tales and Voices of the Conejo''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 43-45. {{ISBN|0-9725233-6-7}}.</ref>
==Infrastructure==
Potable water is drawn from the state water system.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejos-inconspicuous-creek/|title=Conejo's inconspicuous creek|last=Megli-Thun|first=Dawn|date=May 17, 2018|work=Thousand Oaks Acorn|access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
[[File:Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg|thumb|right|Sheriff's car from ''[[Dukes Of Hazzard (film)|Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (2005) at the shooting location off Potrero Road.]]
{{main|List of films shot in Thousand Oaks}}
Due to the temperate climate and relatively close proximity to the studios in Hollywood, a number of movies and television series have been filmed in Thousand Oaks. Thousand Oaks Boulevard can for instance be seen in the Oscar-winning film ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' (1934), while [[Dean Martin]] and [[Jerry Lewis]] stop at a service station on Live Oak Street in ''[[Hollywood or Bust]]'' (1956). Hills near [[California Lutheran University]] were used in the filming of ''[[Welcome to Hard Times (film)|Welcome to Hard Times]]'' (1967).<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 112. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960) was also filmed by CLU.<ref name="Hekhuis, Mary 1984 Page 27"/><ref name="cluecho.com"/> Movies are still being made at [[Ventura Farms]] (previously Deerwood Stock Farm), Greenfield Ranch, and the JMJ Ranch.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
A number of movie productions took place in [[Wildwood Regional Park]] between the 1930s and 1960s. Examples include ''[[Wuthering Heights (1939 film)|Wuthering Heights]]'' (1939), ''[[Dodge City (film)|Dodge City]]'' (1939), ''[[The Rifleman]]'' (1958–63),<ref>McKinney, John (2013). ''HIKE Ventura County''. The Trailmaster, Inc. Page 85. {{ISBN|9780934161534}}.</ref> ''[[Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier]]'' (1955),<ref name="timeout">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls|website=timeout.com|title=Hiking trails in LA: The best hikes with waterfalls|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123628/https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' (1940), ''[[Duel in the Sun (film)|Duel in the Sun]]'' (1946), ''[[Bonanza]]'' (1963–73), ''[[The Big Valley]]'' (1965–69), ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' (1955–75), ''[[Wagon Train]]'' (1957–65), ''[[Clearing the Range]]'' (1931), ''[[Flaming Frontier]]'' (1958), ''[[The Horse Soldiers]]'' (1959) starring [[John Wayne]], ''[[Roustabout (film)]]'' (1964), and ''[[Flaming Star]]'' (1960) both starring [[Elvis Presley]], among others.<ref>Schad, Jerry (2009). ''Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide''. Wilderness Press. Pages 35-36. {{ISBN|9780899976396}}.</ref>
More recently, Greenfield Ranch appeared as a zoo in ''[[We Bought a Zoo]]'' (2011).<ref name="latimes5">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217|title=On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes animal sanctuary|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601125106/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217|archive-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> The ranch has previously been featured in films such as ''[[Down Argentine Way]]'' (1940), ''[[Heart and Souls]]'' (1993) and ''[[Bitter Harvest (1993 film)|Bitter Harvest]]'' (1993). It has also been seen in TV-series such as ''[[True Blood]]'' (2008–2014), ''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]'' (2002–2009), ''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]'' (2005–2017) and ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' (2005–).<ref name="latimes6">{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html|title=On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes an animal sanctuary | Company Town | Los Angeles Times|website=latimesblogs.latimes.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124341/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> A Hidden Valley home was also used in the filming of ''[[It's Complicated (film)|It's Complicated]]'' (2009) starring [[Meryl Streep]].<ref name="latimes7">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html|title='It's Complicated' location house sells in Thousand Oaks|website=LA Times|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011230534/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html|archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
Other films include ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha (film)|Memoirs of a Geisha]]'' (2005),<ref name="latimes8">{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6|title=The rest of the best|website=latimes|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080348/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6|archive-date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> ''[[Come On, Tarzan]]'' (1932), ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938),<ref name="conejo">{{cite web|url=http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/|website=conejo.com|title=Conejo Valley is a Hot Spot for Filming Movies|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124632/http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/|archive-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> ''[[To the Shores of Iwo Jima]]'' (1945), ''[[Lassie Come Home]]'' (1943), ''[[The Guns of Will Sonnett]]'' (1967–69) and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (1979–85).<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83"/>
==Notable people==
{{See also|Newbury Park, California#Notable people}}
<!--keep list in alphabetical order please-->
{{colbegin}}
* [[Eve Arden]], actress<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280"/>
* [[Frankie Avalon]], singer and actor
* [[Austin Block]], ice hockey player
* [[Amanda Bynes]], actress
* [[Belinda Carlisle]], singer<ref>Carlisle, Belinda (2011). ''Lips Unsealed: A Memoir''. Crown/Archetype. Page 1. {{ISBN|9780307463500}}.</ref><ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Richard Carpenter (musician)|Richard Carpenter]], musician<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2004/oct/26/local/me-vndonate26|title=Couple Pledge $3 Million to Civic Arts Plaza|author=Staff|date=October 26, 2004|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>
* [[Mike Curb]], 42nd Lieutenant Governor of California
* [[Frances Dee]], actress{{r|VCS 2017-02-07}}
* [[Ellen DeGeneres]], television host<ref name="latimes11">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html|title=Ellen DeGeneres may have buyer for Thousand Oaks ranch|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075825/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="latimes12">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html|title=Ellen DeGeneres' Thousand Oaks ranch is back at $11 million|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030837/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Bob Denver]], actor
* [[Aaron Donald]], football player
* [[Marcos Giron]], tennis player
* [[Jared Goff]], football player
* [[Wayne Gretzky]], ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html|title=Hockey great Wayne Gretzky nets a home sale in Westlake Village|last=Leitereg|first=Neal J.|date=January 19, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=January 17, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131147/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html|archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Jerry Heller]], music executive
* [[Mariel Hemingway]], actress<ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Jack Kirby]], comic book artist<ref>{{cite news|title= Jack Kirby, 76; Created Comic-Book Superheroes|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html|newspaper= [[The New York Times]]|date=February 8, 1994|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140701120738/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html|archive-date= July 1, 2014|url-status=live|access-date= March 4, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Alan Ladd]], actor
* [[Edith Raymond Locke|Edie Locke]], fashion journalist<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feitelberg|first=Rosemary|date=3 September 2020|title=Former Mademoiselle Editor Edith Raymond Locke Dies at 99|url=https://wwd.com/business-news/media/former-mademoiselle-editor-edith-raymond-locke-dies-at-1234574104/|access-date=5 December 2020|website=[[Women's Wear Daily]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Heather Locklear]], actress<ref name="biography">{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469|title=Heather Locklear - Television Actress, Actress, Classic Pin-Ups|website=Biography.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813224323/https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469|archive-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sophia Loren]], actress<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280">Medved, Harry and Bruce Akiyama (2007). ''Hollywood Escapes: The Moviegoer's Guide to Exploring Southern California's Great Outdoors''. St. Martin's Press. Page 280. {{ISBN|9781429907170}}.</ref>
* [[Dean Martin]], singer<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Pages 82-83"/><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html|title=How Tom Selleck got into hot water over avocados|website=Telegraph|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213161236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html|archive-date=December 13, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Virginia Mayo]], actress
* [[Jody McCrea]], actor{{r|VCS 2017-02-07}}
* [[Joel McCrea]], actor<ref name="VCS 2017-02-07">{{Cite news|last=Flans|first=Robyn|date=February 7, 2017|title=McCrea family's Hollywood legacy lives on at Conejo ranch|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2018/02/07/mccrea-familys-hollywood-legacy-lives-conejo-ranch/997848001/|access-date=2020-07-23|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en}}</ref>
* [[The Miz]], professional wrestler<ref name="Miz">{{cite news |last1=McClain |first1=James |title=WWE's The Miz Picks $6.4 Million Thousand Oaks Mansion |url=https://variety.com/2019/dirt/athletes/wwes-the-miz-picks-6-4-million-thousand-oaks-mansion-1203309945/ |access-date=August 22, 2019 |work=Variety |date=August 21, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Marilyn Monroe]], actress<ref>O'Brien, Tricia (2017). ''Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. {{ISBN|9781439661956}}.</ref>
* [[Trevor Moore (ice hockey)|Trevor Moore]], ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vcstar.com/story/sports/columnists/2019/04/23/local-chatter-moore-enjoying-taste-stanley-cup-playoff-hockey/3523411002/|title=Local chatter: T.O. native Moore enjoying first taste of playoff hockey in Toronto|last=Curley|first=Joe|date=April 24, 2019|newspaper=[[Ventura County Star]]|language=en|access-date=April 24, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Heather Morris]], actress<ref>Britton, Felicity (2012). ''The Glee Cast: Inspiring Gleek Mania''. Twenty-First Century Books. Page 77. {{ISBN|9781467701532}}.</ref>
* [[Olivia O'Brien]], singer-songwriter
* [[Maryse Ouellet]], professional wrestler<ref name="Miz"/>
* [[Slim Pickens]], actor
* [[Frances Prince]], the city's first female mayor<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelley|first1=Darryl|title=Thousand Oaks' 1st Lady of Politics|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks|access-date=October 22, 2017|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=January 12, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022183535/http://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks|archive-date=October 22, 2017|location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref>
* [[Mickey Rooney]], actor
* [[Kurt Russell]], actor<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 83"/>
* [[Tom Selleck]], actor
* [[Artie Shaw]], musician<ref>{{cite news |author1=Adam Bernstein |title=Jazz Giant Artie Shaw Dies at Age 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36925-2004Dec30.html?noredirect=on |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>
* [[Britney Spears]], singer<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25|website=forbes.com|title=Britney Spears purchases $7.4 Million Italianate Villa in California's Thousand Oaks (complete with a three-hole golf-course)|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113153120/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25|archive-date=November 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="latimes9">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html|author=Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times|title=Britney Spears buys in Thousand Oaks|newspaper=LA Times|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031113/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sylvester Stallone]], actor<ref name="latimes10">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html|author=Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times|title=Sylvester Stallone sells waterfront retreat in Thousand Oaks|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031043/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]], actress
* [[Donna Summer]], singer
* [[Abby Sunderland]], sailor
* [[Thomas Tull]], film producer<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html|title=Billionaire Thomas Tull lists a small village in Thousand Oaks for $85 million|last=Leitereg|first=Neal J.|date=January 16, 2018|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=January 17, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116225111/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html|archive-date=January 16, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Robert Urich]], actor
* [[Frankie Valli]], singer and actor<ref name="Pearlman, Jeff 2009 Page 42"/>
* [[Robert Wagner]], actor
* [[Richard Widmark]], actor<ref name="Medved 2007 Page 280"/>
* [[Christian Yelich]], baseball player
* {{colend}}
== Points of interest ==
[[File:Dawn's peak aka tarantula hill.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The 1,057 ft. Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks.]]
[[File:Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg|thumb|right|200px|French waterfall at [[Gardens of the World]].]]
* [[American Radio Archive]], museum dedicated to the history of radio
* [[California Lutheran University]] ([[Pederson House and Water Tower]])
* [[California Museum of Art]] (CMATO), art museum at [[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks]] mall
* [[Chumash Indian Museum]], museum with a replica of a Chumash village
* [[Conejo Valley Art Museum]], art museum at [[Janss Marketplace]]
* [[Conejo Valley Botanic Garden]], 33-acre botanical garden
* Conejo Valley High: oldest continuously used public landmark in Conejo Valley (aka [[Timber School]])
* [[Dawn's Peak]], locally known as Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html|title=Popular trail now easier on the feet – www.toacorn.com – Thousand Oaks Acorn|work=toacorn.com|access-date=January 8, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016125449/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html|archive-date=October 16, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Gardens of the World]], botanical garden featuring [[flora]] from various countries
* [[Joel McCrea Ranch]], listed on the [[U.S. National Register of Historic Places]]
* Oak Creek Canyon Whole Access Interpretive Trail, 0.4-mile trail with guide cable and braille signs describing the oak grove's flora and fauna<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/dosomethingblog/oak-creek-canyon-loop-trail-in-thousand-oaks |title=Oak Creek Canyon Loop Trail in Thousand Oaks |work=Conejovalleyguide.com |date=May 19, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Satwiwa|Satwiwa Culture Center]], [[Chumash people|Chumash]] museum at the foothills of [[Mount Boney]]
* [[Sherwood Country Club]], host of [[Tiger Wood]]s' ''[[World Challenge (golf)|World Challenge]]'' from 2000 to 2013
* [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], historic hotel in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]]
* [[The Oaks Shopping Center]], largest shopping mall in Ventura County
* [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Center|Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]], home to City Hall and [[Fred Kavli Theatre|Fred Kavli and Janet and Ray Scherr Forum Theatres]]
* [[Thousand Oaks Community Gallery]], art gallery adjacent to Newbury Park Library
* [[Thousand Oaks Library]], the largest library in Ventura County
* [[Wildwood Regional Park]], a 1,765-acre regional park
== Wildlife ==
[[File:California-kingsnake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg|thumb|Gopher Snake in [[Wildwood Regional Park]].]]
Thousand Oaks' fauna includes mammals such as [[mountain lion]]s, [[bobcat]]s, [[coyote]]s, [[grey fox]] and [[mule deer]], as well as smaller mammals as the [[Striped skunk|striped]] and [[spotted skunk]], [[California raccoon]], [[Virginia opossum]], [[Audubon's cottontail]], [[long-tailed weasel]], [[Botta's pocket gopher]], [[ring-tailed cat]], [[California vole]], [[western brush rabbit]], [[western gray squirrel]], and several species of rats and mice, where the most common are [[deer mouse]] and [[Merriam's kangaroo rat]]. The mountain lion can creates a hazard in suburban areas,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/local-news/conejo-valley/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-causes-road-closure_49213792|title=Mountain lion captured in Newbury Park|access-date=February 13, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406160417/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local-news/conejo-valley/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-causes-road-closure_49213792|archive-date=April 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm|title=Second Mountain Lion Crosses 101 Freeway, Disperses from Santa Monica Mountains – Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)|work=nps.gov|access-date=January 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208085500/https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm|archive-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref> but is usually found in the adjacent [[Simi Hills]], [[Santa Monica Mountains]], and the [[Santa Susana Mountains]].<ref name="toaks5">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion.asp|website=toaks.org|title=government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612113352/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/open/mountain_lion.asp|archive-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="toaks.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp|website=toaks.org|title=government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121110233/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp|archive-date=January 21, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Odocoileus hemionus 6017.JPG|thumb|left|[[Mule deer]] are among the most common mammals in Thousand Oaks.]]
Some of the amphibians and reptiles found in Thousand Oaks include lizards such as [[side-blotched lizard]]s, [[southern alligator lizard]]s and [[western fence lizard]]s, as well as the [[Western pond turtle|southwestern pond turtle]] and [[crawdads]], and numerous species of snake, including [[southern Pacific rattlesnake]]s, [[Gopher snake|San Diego gopher snakes]], [[striped racer]]s, [[California kingsnake]]s, [[common kingsnake]]s, [[ringneck snake]]s, and [[Aquatic garter snake|western aquatic garter snakes]]. Some amphibians found in Thousand Oaks include [[ensatina]], [[slender salamander]], [[western toad]], [[American bullfrog]], [[California toad]], [[Pacific tree frog]], and the [[California red-legged frog]].
[[Wildwood Regional Park]] is a natural habitat for an abundance of native animals,<ref>Schad, Jerry (2009). ''Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide''. Wilderness Press. Page 35. {{ISBN|978-0-89997-639-6}}.</ref> such as coyotes, hawks, crawdads, ducks, turtles, mule deer, numerous songbirds, mountain lions, several species of snakes, and numerous species of raptors.<ref>Stienstra, Tom and Ann Marie Brown (2012). ''Moon California Hiking: The Complete Guide to 1,000 of the Best Hikes in the Golden State''. Avalon Travel. Page 711. {{ISBN|978-1-61238-163-3}}.</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to mountain lions which can be encountered or observed in most larger open-spaces in the city. The city recommends hikers not to hike alone, and always to keep children near.<ref name="toaks6">{{cite web|url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info|title=Mountain Lion/Rattlesnake Info | Thousand Oaks, CA|website=toaks.org|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165258/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info|archive-date=October 1, 2017}}</ref> Mountain lions have been encountered numerous times in recent years, such as in Lynn Ranch in 2017<ref name="toacorn10">{{cite web|url=https://www.toacorn.com/articles/office-worker-captures-glimpse-of-mountain-lion-in-lynn-ranch/|title=Office worker captures glimpse of mountain lion in Lynn Ranch | Thousand Oaks Acorn|website=toacorn.com|access-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> and [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] in 2016.<ref name="abc7">{{cite web|url=http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/|title=Mountain lion spotted in Newbury Park backyard|website=abc7.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160210215921/http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/|archive-date=February 10, 2016}}</ref>
===Avifauna===
There have been observed a total of 171 bird species within the city limits.<ref name="toaks.org" /> The most commonly encountered avifauna include the [[house sparrow]], [[house finch]], [[Brewer's blackbird]], [[California towhee]], [[spotted towhee]], [[oak titmouse]], [[acorn woodpecker]], and [[California quail]]. Raptor population densities in the [[Conejo Valley]], which therefore has some of the highest quantities of raptors in the U.S.<ref name="toaks.org" /> Some of the raptors found in the City of Thousand Oaks include the [[golden eagle]], [[red-tailed hawk]], [[Cooper's hawk]], [[marsh hawk]], [[sharp-shinned hawk]], [[red-shouldered hawk]], [[ferruginous hawk]], [[pigeon hawk]], [[prairie falcon]], [[turkey vulture]], [[barn owl]], [[great horned owl]], [[screech owl]], [[American kestrel]], and the [[white-tailed kite]].<ref name="toaks.org" />
== Flora ==
[[File:Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg|thumb|''[[Conejo buckwheat]]'' is found only on two locations in [[Conejo Valley]].]]
Thousand Oaks is home to over 100 species of plants, while 400 species can be found within 100 sq. mi. of the city. There are four endangered plant species: [[Conejo buckwheat]], [[Santa Monica dudleya]], [[Conejo dudleya]] and [[Lyon's pentachaeta]].<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (2000). ''Hiking In Wildwood Regional Park: Natural History, Folklore, and Trail Guide''. California Lutheran University. Page 2.</ref> There are between 50- and 60,000 oak trees in Thousand Oaks.<ref name="toacorn.com"/> Four oak species are native to Thousand Oaks: [[valley oak]], [[coast live oak]], [[scrub oak]], and [[Palmer's oak]].<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf Pages 20-21]</ref> The city's largest oak has a trunk of 12 ft. in diameter and is located at [[Chumash Indian Museum]]. Thousand Oaks has the designation "[[Tree City USA]]" and has received the Trail Town USA Hall of Fame award.<ref>Baker, Pam (2002). ''Thousand Oaks Westlake Village: A Contemporary Portrait''. Community Communications, Inc. Page 22. {{ISBN|978-1581920611}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conejo Valley Trees |url=http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees |website=City of Thousand Oaks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109222927/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees |archive-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref>
Thousand Oaks is home to [[endemic]] species found nowhere else on Earth.<ref>[http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf Thousand Oaks General Plan, Conservation Element 2013 Update, page24]</ref> The wildflower species [[Conejo buckwheat]], which is native to the Conejo Valley, is found only in [[Wildwood Regional Park]] and near the [[Conejo Grade]]. It only grows on [[volcanic]] rock, and has yellow flowers which bloom April–July. It is in danger of becoming extinct.<ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 72. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref> Another [[endemic]] species to Thousand Oaks, [[Conejo dudleya]], is found throughout the valley, including in Wildwood Regional Park and also in the [[Santa Monica Mountains]].<ref>Faber, Phyllis M. (2005). ''California's Wild Gardens: A Guide to Favorite Botanical Sites''. University of California Press. Page 164. {{ISBN|9780520240315}}.</ref>
A notable tree is the 300-year-old "Historic Sycamore Tree",<ref>Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2006). ''Historical Tour of the Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 6. {{ISBN|0-9725233-4-0}}.</ref> which is designated [[Ventura County Historic Landmarks & Points of Interest|Ventura County Landmark]] No. 44 and Thousand Oaks Historical Landmark No. 2. It is located at the "Tri-Village Complex" at [[Stagecoach Inn (California)|Stagecoach Inn]], [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]].<ref>Begun, Ruthanne and Miriam Sprankling (2004). ''A Visit to the Historic Stagecoach Inn Museum''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 11. {{ISBN|0-9725233-2-4}}.</ref><ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 37. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref>
Native flora can be seen at [[botanical garden]]s throughout the city, including at [[Gardens of the World]], [[Conejo Valley Botanic Garden]], the ethnobotanic gardens at [[Chumash Indian Museum#Ethnobotany Gardens|Chumash Indian Museum]], and along the Nature Trail at [[Stagecoach Inn (California)#Exhibits|Stagecoach Inn]] in Newbury Park.
{{clear}}
== See also ==
* {{Portal-inline|size=tiny|Greater Los Angeles}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Thousand Oaks}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Thousand Oaks, California}}
{{Ventura County, California}}
{{Greater Los Angeles Area}}
{{California}}
{{California cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
{{Southern California megaregion}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Thousand Oaks, California| ]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Ventura County, California]]
[[Category:Conejo Valley]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1964]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the neighborhood of Berkeley, see <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_Berkeley,_California" title="Thousand Oaks, Berkeley, California">Thousand Oaks, Berkeley, California</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thousand Oaks (disambiguation)">Thousand Oaks (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in California, United States</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Thousand Oaks, California</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (California)">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">City of Thousand Oaks</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg" class="image" title="Mount Clef Ridge as seen from Tarantula Hill, Thousand Oaks"><img alt="Mount Clef Ridge as seen from Tarantula Hill, Thousand Oaks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/250px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/375px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/500px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Mount Clef Ridge as seen from Tarantula Hill, Thousand Oaks</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;">
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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thousand_Oaks,_California&params=34_11_22_N_118_52_30_W_type:city_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°11′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°52′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.18944°N 118.87500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.18944; -118.87500</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thousand_Oaks,_California&params=34_11_22_N_118_52_30_W_type:city_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°11′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°52′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.18944°N 118.87500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.18944; -118.87500</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Country</th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg/15px-Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg/23px-Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg/30px-Seal_of_Ventura_County%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td>October 7, 1964<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Type</th><td><a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">Council/Manager</a><sup id="cite_ref-govt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Mayor</th><td>Al Adam<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/California%27s_27th_State_Senate_district" title="California's 27th State Senate district">State Senator</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stern_(California_politician)" title="Henry Stern (California politician)">Henry Stern</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-swd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swd-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/California%27s_44th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 44th State Assembly district">CA Assembly</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Irwin" title="Jacqui Irwin">Jacqui Irwin</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-swd_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swd-4">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/California%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="California's 26th congressional district">U. S. Rep.</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Julia_Brownley" title="Julia Brownley">Julia Brownley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-6">[6]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td>55.41 sq mi (143.51 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Land</th><td>55.26 sq mi (143.13 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Water</th><td>0.14 sq mi (0.38 km<sup>2</sup>)  0.27%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Elevation<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></div></th><td>886 ft (270 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-quif_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quif-8">[8]</a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Total</th><td>126,683</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Estimate <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019-9">[9]</a></sup></div></th><td>126,813</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Rank</th><td><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">2nd</a> in Ventura County<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_California_cities_by_population" title="List of largest California cities by population">47th</a> in California</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Density</th><td>2,294.68/sq mi (885.98/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%928" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−8">UTC−8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%927" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−7">UTC−7</a> (PDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">91320, 91359–91362</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_805_and_820" title="Area codes 805 and 820">805/820</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0678582">06-78582</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature IDs</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1661567">1661567</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:2412065">2412065</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org">www<wbr />.toaks<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Thousand Oaks</b> is the second-largest city in <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura County, California</a>, United States. It is in the northwestern part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a>, approximately 40 miles (64 km) from <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a>, and is less than 15 miles (24 km) from the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Woodland_Hills,_Los_Angeles" title="Woodland Hills, Los Angeles">Woodland Hills</a>. It is named after the many <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> trees present in the area.
</p><p>The city forms the central populated core of the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>. Thousand Oaks was incorporated in 1964, but has since expanded to the west and east. Two-thirds of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> were annexed by the city during the late 1960s and 1970s. The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a>–Ventura County line crosses at the city's eastern border with Westlake Village. The population was estimated to be 126,813 in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019-9">[9]</a></sup> up from 126,683 at the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-quif_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quif-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-colonial_period"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-colonial period</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#19th_century"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">19th century</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Norwegian_Colony"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Norwegian Colony</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#20th_century"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">20th century</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Jungleland_USA"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jungleland USA</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Incorporation"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Incorporation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Modern_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Modern history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Physiography"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Physiography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Political_strength"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political strength</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Top_employers"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Top employers</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Public_safety"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Public safety</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Fire_department"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fire department</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Law_enforcement"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Law enforcement</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Crime"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Crime</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#2018_mass_shooting"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">2018 mass shooting</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Professional_Football"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Professional Football</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Baseball"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Baseball</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Roads"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Public_transportation"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">Public transportation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Air"><span class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Points_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Points of interest</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Wildlife"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Wildlife</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Avifauna"><span class="tocnumber">17.1</span> <span class="toctext">Avifauna</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Flora"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Flora</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">21</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">22</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>One of the earliest names used for the area was Conejo Mountain Valley, as used by the founder of Newbury Park, <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Starr_Newbury" title="Egbert Starr Newbury">Egbert Starr Newbury</a>, in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> During the 1920s, today's Thousand Oaks was home to 100 residents. In the 1920s came talks of coming up with a name for the specific area of Thousand Oaks. A local name contest was held, where 14-year-old Bobby Harrington's name suggestion won: Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> The valley was — and still is — characterized by its tens of thousands of oak trees (50,000–60,000 in 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn.com-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>When the city was incorporated in 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Janss_Investment_Company" title="Janss Investment Company">Janss Corporation</a> suggested the name Conejo City (City of Conejo). A petition was signed by enough residents to put Thousand Oaks on the ballot. An overwhelming majority － 87% － of the city's 19,000 residents voted for the name Thousand Oaks during the September 29, 1964, election.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn.com-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_oak_tree,_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg/220px-Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg/330px-Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg/440px-Old_oak_tree%2C_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_oak_tree,_Thousand_Oaks_CA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Majestic old oak tree in Thousand Oaks.</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-colonial_period">Pre-colonial period</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial period">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg/220px-Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg/330px-Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg/440px-Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakbrook_regional_park_chumash_indian_museum_thousand_oaks_cave_paintings_pictographs.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2,000 year-old <a href="/wiki/Pictograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictograph">pictograph</a> in Thousand Oaks.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash people</a> were the first to inhabit what is now called Thousand Oaks,<sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7-12">[12]</a></sup> settling there over 10,000 years ago. It was home to two major villages: Sap'wi ("House of the Deer") and <a href="/wiki/Satwiwa" title="Satwiwa">Satwiwa</a> ("The Bluffs").<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13-17">[17]</a></sup> Sap'wi is now by the <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Interpretive Center</a> which is home to multiple 2,000 year-old pictographs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Satwiwa" title="Satwiwa">Satwiwa</a> is the home of the Native American Indian Culture Center which sits at the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Boney" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Boney">Mount Boney</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>, a sacred mountain to the Chumash.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>A smaller village, Yitimasɨh, was located where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wildwood_Elementary_School_(Thousand_Oaks)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wildwood Elementary School (Thousand Oaks) (page does not exist)">Wildwood Elementary School</a> sits today.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> The area surrounding <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a> has been inhabited by the Chumash for thousands of years. Some of the artifacts discovered in Wildwood include stone tools, <a href="/wiki/Shell_bead" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell bead">shell beads</a> and arrowheads.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> Another small Chumash settlement, known as Šihaw (Ven-632i), was located where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lang_Ranch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lang Ranch (page does not exist)">Lang Ranch</a> sits today. A cave containing several swordfish and cupules pictographs is located here.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Two other villages were located by today's Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park. These were populated 2,000 years ago and had a population of 100–200 in each village.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13-17">[17]</a></sup> Other villages included Lalimanuc (Lalimanux) and Kayɨwɨš (Kayiwish) by <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Grade" title="Conejo Grade">Conejo Grade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Chumash also had several summer encampments, including one located where <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Plaza" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a> currently stands, known as Ipuc (Ven-654).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> Another summer encampment was located at the current location of <a href="/wiki/Los_Robles_Hospital_%26_Medical_Center" title="Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center">Los Robles Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>Each village was ruled by a chief or several chieftains, who often traveled between villages to discuss matters of common interest. A council of elders directed village life and organized events. Most villages had a cemetery, gaming field, a sweat house, and a place for ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> Locally discovered tribal artifacts are at display at Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center and the <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>The region's recorded history dates to 1542, when <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodriguez_Cabrillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo</a> landed at <a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Mugu, California">Point Mugu</a> and claimed the land for Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-31">[31]</a></sup> The Battle of Triunfo, which took place by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triunfo_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triunfo Creek (page does not exist)">Triunfo Creek</a>, was waged over land between native Chumash and the Spanish newcomers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="19th_century">19th century</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png/220px-Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png/330px-Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="550" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Egbert-Starr-Newbury-Founder-Newbury-Park.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Starr_Newbury" title="Egbert Starr Newbury">E.S. Newbury</a> was one of the first to buy former <a href="/wiki/Rancho_El_Conejo" title="Rancho El Conejo">Rancho El Conejo</a> land.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>From 1804 to 1848, Thousand Oaks was part of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, which originally was a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a> in North America. It was the Spaniards who first named it Conejo Valley, or Valley of Rabbits. The <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> and indigenous <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> clashed numerous times in disputes over land.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7-34">[34]</a></sup> Conejo Valley was given the name El Rancho Conejo in 1803. This year, Jose Polanco and Ignacio Rodriguez were granted El Rancho Conejo by Governor <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Arrillaga" title="José Joaquín de Arrillaga">José Joaquín de Arrillaga</a> of Alta California. The land contained 48,671.56 acres. <a href="/wiki/Rancho_El_Conejo" title="Rancho El Conejo">El Conejo</a> was just one of two land grants in what became <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura County</a>, the other being <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Simi" title="Rancho Simi">Rancho Simi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a> in 1822, Alta California became a Mexican territory. In 1822, Captain <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Guerra_y_Noriega" title="José de la Guerra y Noriega">José de la Guerra y Noriega</a> filed Conejo Valley as part of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_land_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican land grant">Mexican land grant</a>. It remained a part of Mexico until the short-lived <a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> was established in 1846. It became a part of the U.S. after California gained statehood in 1850. The valley was now known as Rancho El Conejo.<sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017-35">[35]</a></sup> The ranch period began when the de la Guerra family sold thousands of acres through the 1860s and early 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>Two men owned most of Conejo Valley in the 1870s: John Edwards, who came from <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> in 1849, and Howard Mills, who came from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> in 1870. While Edwards owned most of present-day Thousand Oaks and Newbury Park, Mills owned most of <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Valley,_Ventura_County,_California" title="Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California">Hidden Valley</a>. Edwards' home was located on an acre of land where <a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_(Thousand_Oaks,_California)" title="The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)">The Oaks Mall</a> currently is located, while Mills built his home where <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westlake_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westlake Lake (page does not exist)">Westlake Lake</a> sits today. The third person to buy former <a href="/wiki/Rancho_El_Conejo" title="Rancho El Conejo">Rancho El Conejo</a> land was <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Starr_Newbury" title="Egbert Starr Newbury">Egbert Starr Newbury</a>. He bought 2,259 acres of land here in 1874, land which stretched from Old Town Thousand Oaks and into today's Newbury Park.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> He later established the valley's first post office in 1875: <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park_Post_Office" title="Newbury Park Post Office">Newbury Park Post Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> When the Conejo Valley School District was established in March 1877, there were 126 residents living in Conejo Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> was on the <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> route between <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a> (Grand Union Hotel) was built in 1876, and is now a <a href="/wiki/California_Historical_Landmark" title="California Historical Landmark">California Historical Landmark</a> and museum.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Norwegian_Colony">Norwegian Colony</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Norwegian Colony">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Colony" title="Norwegian Colony">Norwegian Colony</a></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks was home to a <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian people">Norwegian</a> community in the late 1890s and early 1900s, known as Norwegian Colony. Norwegian settlers were among the first to settle in Conejo Valley. The Norwegian Colony was located at today's intersection of Moorpark- and Olsen Roads, now home to <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> and surrounding areas. The Norwegian Colony constituted of over 650 acres and stretched from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Clef_Ridge" title="Mount Clef Ridge">Mount Clef Ridge</a> to Avenida de Los Arboles.<sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide2-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vcstar_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar-40">[40]</a></sup> The son of Norwegian immigrants donated his ranch to California Lutheran College in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-callutheran_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callutheran-41">[41]</a></sup> California Lutheran University is now home to the Scandinavian American Cultural and Historical Foundation and the Scandinavian Festival.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Many place names are named after Norwegian immigrants such as the Olsen and Pedersen families.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> The first Norwegians came from the village of <a href="/wiki/Stranda,_M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal" title="Stranda, Møre og Romsdal">Stranda</a> by <a href="/wiki/Storfjorden_(Sunnm%C3%B8re)" title="Storfjorden (Sunnmøre)">Storfjorden</a>. Ole Anderson bought 199 acres here, while Lars Pederson owned 111 acres. Other Norwegian pioneers also included Ole Nilsen, George Hansen and Nils Olsen. A major contribution was the construction of the handmade <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Grade" title="Norwegian Grade">Norwegian Grade</a> in 1911, a mile-long road leading from Thousand Oaks to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Valley,_California" title="Santa Rosa Valley, California">Santa Rosa Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>With no doctors or hospitals nearby, the Norwegian Colony was short-lived. The Olsen family lost seven of their ten children, while Ole Anderson, Lars Pederson, and George Hansen all died in 1901 due to a diphtheria epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="20th_century">20th century</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland,_California,_1962.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg/220px-Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg/330px-Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg/440px-Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland%2C_California%2C_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="553" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_on_elephant_at_Jungleland,_California,_1962.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland USA</a> was one of the first theme parks in California.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:678px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/678px--Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:678px;height:360px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="156.757" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Spartacus_(1960)_-_Trailer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 678 × 360 (1.1 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="678" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="1098075"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="114" data-bandwidth="197744" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="288" data-height="152" data-bandwidth="219928" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="170" data-bandwidth="277440" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="226" data-bandwidth="341752" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="226" data-bandwidth="396808" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="340" data-bandwidth="592000" data-framerate="0"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="340" data-bandwidth="715024" data-framerate="0"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ASpartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=srt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="en" label="English (en) subtitles" data-dir="ltr"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:Spartacus (1960) - Trailer.webm" style="width:220px;height:117px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm/220px--Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm.jpg" /><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Spartacus_%281960%29_-_Trailer.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Spartacus_(1960)_-_Trailer.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a></i> (1960) was partly filmed by <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">CLU</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cluecho.com_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cluecho.com-46">[46]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch,_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/220px-Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/330px-Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/440px-Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch%2C_Thousand_Oaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Buildings_at_Joel_McCrea_Ranch,_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Various movies were filmed at <a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea_Ranch" title="Joel McCrea Ranch">Joel McCrea Ranch</a> on N. Moorpark Road.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> was a more established community than Thousand Oaks at the turn of the 20th century. A few lots existed early in the 1900s, wedged between Borchard land on the south and Friedrich land on the north.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Janss_Investment_Company" title="Janss Investment Company">Janss family</a>, developers of Southern California subdivisions, purchased 10,000 acres (40 km<sup>2</sup>) in the early 20th century. They eventually created plans for a "total community", and the name remains prominently featured in the city. Despite early aspirations, no large subdivisions were developed until the 1920s. The development was slow and hampered even more under the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s. Besides agriculture, the movie industry became an important industry in the 1920s and 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p><p>Between 1950 and 1970, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a> experienced a population boom, and increased its population from 3,000 to 30,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> From 3,500 residents in 1957, Thousand Oaks had over 103,000 inhabitants by 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> While ranching and agriculture were the dominant industries until the 1950s, a number of new businesses appeared throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Particularly many high-tech firms moved to Thousand Oaks in the '60s and '70s. <a href="/wiki/Packard_Bell" title="Packard Bell">Packard Bell</a> and Technology Instrument Company were two high-technology businesses that moved into the Newbury Park industrial park in the 1960s. Other companies that followed included Westinghouse Astroelectronics Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Semtech" title="Semtech">Semtech Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purolator_Inc." title="Purolator Inc.">Purolator Inc.</a>, and Westland Plastics.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland USA</a> put Thousand Oaks on the map in the 1920s and helped attract <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood film industry">Hollywood</a> producers to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017-35">[35]</a></sup> Hundreds of movies have been <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Thousand_Oaks" title="List of films shot in Thousand Oaks">filmed in Thousand Oaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> Some of the first films to be made here were <i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i> (1915) at Jungleland USA<sup id="cite_ref-junglelandskates_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-junglelandskates-53">[53]</a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Ranch" title="Roaring Ranch">Roaring Ranch</a></i> (1930) at the <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stagecoachinnmuseum_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stagecoachinnmuseum-54">[54]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a> was featured in the "Walls of Jericho" scenes in the film <i><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a></i> (1934). A western village was erected at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> for the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Hard_Times_(film)" title="Welcome to Hard Times (film)">Welcome to Hard Times</a></i> (1967), while <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> starred in several westerns made in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a>. A nearby road, Flaming Star Avenue, is named after the film <i><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Star" title="Flaming Star">Flaming Star</a></i> (1960) starring Elvis Presley, which was filmed here. Other movies filmed in the valley included <i><a href="/wiki/Lassie_Come_Home" title="Lassie Come Home">Lassie Come Home</a></i> (1943), <i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Shores_of_Iwo_Jima" title="To the Shores of Iwo Jima">To the Shores of Iwo Jima</a></i> (1945) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dukes_of_Hazzard" title="The Dukes of Hazzard">The Dukes of Hazzard</a></i> (1979–85). <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> visited Thousand Oaks for the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_or_Bust" title="Hollywood or Bust">Hollywood or Bust</a></i> (1956), which included a scene filmed on Live Oak Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>Movie actor <a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea" title="Joel McCrea">Joel McCrea</a>, who had been advised by <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a> to buy land in the area, raised his family on a 3,000-acre (1,200 ha) <a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea_Ranch" title="Joel McCrea Ranch">ranch</a> he had acquired in the early 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> Numerous celebrities later joined McCrea and relocated to the Conejo Valley, including Dean Martin, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strother_Martin" title="Strother Martin">Strother Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Mayo" title="Virginia Mayo">Virginia Mayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Shea_(actor)" title="Michael O'Shea (actor)">Michael O'Shea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(actor)" title="Ben Johnson (actor)">Ben Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slim_Pickens" title="Slim Pickens">Slim Pickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Brent" title="George Brent">George Brent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eve_Arden" title="Eve Arden">Eve Arden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martin_Smith" title="Charles Martin Smith">Charles Martin Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bing_Russell" title="Bing Russell">Bing-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83-57">[57]</a></sup>
</p><p>While the city was home to 1,700 businesses in 1970, Thousand Oaks had 11,000 businesses in town by 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>The world's largest independent biotechnology company, <a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a>, was established in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Jungleland_USA">Jungleland USA</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jungleland USA">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland USA</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg/220px-A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg/330px-A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg/440px-A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="334" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Goldwyn_Picture.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Slats, used from 1916 to 1928, was one of five <a href="/wiki/MGM_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM lion">MGM lions</a> who resided at <a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7-60">[60]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Louis Goebel of New York bought five lots off Ventura Boulevard (today's <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a>) in 1925. He worked for the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> film studio, and decided to create his own film industry zoo after the closure of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Zoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Zoo (page does not exist)">Universal Zoo</a> in the mid-1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> He established <a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Goebel's Lion Farm</a> in 1926, situated where <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Plaza" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a> is located today.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> Goebel began with five lions and seven malamute dogs, but he soon acquired new animals such as giraffes, camels, hippos, monkeys, tigers, gorillas, seals and other exotic animals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>It became home to several animals used for <a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Lion_(MGM)" title="Leo the Lion (MGM)">Leo the Lion</a> MGM logo. There were held public animal shows, which drew thousands of spectators from throughout California. The animals from the park have been used in many movies and TV series, including many of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a></i> films; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robin_Hood" title="The Adventures of Robin Hood">The Adventures of Robin Hood</a></i> (1938), which used the site as a location,<sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide.com-63">[63]</a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)">Doctor Doolittle</a></i> (1967).<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8-64">[64]</a></sup> Goebel himself camped by the filming site of <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_the_Ape_Man_(1932_film)" title="Tarzan the Ape Man (1932 film)">Tarzan, the Ape Man</a></i> (1932) by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sherwood,_California" title="Lake Sherwood, California">Lake Sherwood</a> to watch his lions during filming.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7-60">[60]</a></sup>
</p><p>It became one of Southern California's most popular tourists attractions in the 1940s and 1950s, when the 170-acre park offered shows, lion training, elephant rides, train rides, safari tram buses and more.<sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide.com-63">[63]</a></sup> The park changed name to <a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland USA</a> in 1956 after <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> The park later went bankrupt in May 1969, due to competition from parks such as Disneyland, <a href="/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios</a>. The park's 1,800 animals were sold at a public auction in October 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide.com-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8-64">[64]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Incorporation">Incorporation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Incorporation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Conejo_view.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Casa_Conejo_view.jpg/220px-Casa_Conejo_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Casa_Conejo_view.jpg/330px-Casa_Conejo_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Casa_Conejo_view.jpg/440px-Casa_Conejo_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1081" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Conejo_view.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Casa_Conejo,_California" title="Casa Conejo, California">Casa Conejo</a> is a <a href="/wiki/County_island" title="County island">county island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The City of Thousand Oaks was incorporated on October 7, 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> the first incorporated city in the Conejo Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Acorn20110908_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acorn20110908-67">[67]</a></sup> Some sources mistakenly state that Thousand Oaks was incorporated on September 29, 1964, which was the date that voters approved the incorporation and selected the name. However, the incorporation only became official once the certificates of election were filed with the California Secretary of State, and then the record of affidavit was filed with the Ventura County Clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup>
</p><p>The results of the cityhood election was clear on September 24, 1964. 2,780 residents voted to set up a city, while 1,821 had voted no to incorporation. Certain areas however tried to set up its own municipality. An attempt at a cityhood election in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> failed in 1963, as Talley Corporation and Janss Rancho Conejo Industrial Park refused to join the efforts. <a href="/wiki/Reba_Hays_Jeffries" title="Reba Hays Jeffries">Reba Hays Jeffries</a>, a local opponent of cityhood, told interviewers why she thought the cityhood election failed: Cityhood backers had to collect signatures from owners who represented 29% of the land that was to be incorporated. As the efforts collected 29% of registered voters, the measure never came on the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> Most Newbury Park land were annexed through the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Casa_Conejo,_California" title="Casa Conejo, California">Casa Conejo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ventu_Park" title="Ventu Park">Ventu Park</a> are the only parts of Newbury Park left, which are not parts of Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide3_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide3-71">[71]</a></sup> Lynn Ranch also decided to remain outside city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar2-72">[72]</a></sup>
</p><p>Two-thirds of <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a> were annexed by Thousand Oaks in two portions - in 1968 and 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wlv_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wlv-74">[74]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toacorn_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn-75">[75]</a></sup> The Westlake neighborhood of <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Ranch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Ranch (page does not exist)">North Ranch</a> remained an unincorporated area until January 1973, when Thousand Oaks approved the annexation of North Ranch.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn2-76">[76]</a></sup> North Ranch borders <a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_California" title="Oak Park, California">Oak Park</a>, an unincorporated area where voters have chosen not to be annexed into Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Modern_history">Modern history</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ThousandOaksAerial.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ThousandOaksAerial.jpg/220px-ThousandOaksAerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ThousandOaksAerial.jpg/330px-ThousandOaksAerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ThousandOaksAerial.jpg/440px-ThousandOaksAerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ThousandOaksAerial.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Aerial view of Thousand Oaks, southward view</div></div></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks is encouraging <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use retail and housing development</a> along the downtown portion of <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VCS_20160614_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_20160614-78">[78]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VCS_20160713_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_20160713-79">[79]</a></sup> The city is "built-out" within the confines of the Conejo Valley and has adopted a <a href="/wiki/Smart_growth" title="Smart growth">smart growth</a> strategy as there is no room for the <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">sprawling suburban growth</a> the city is known for.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p><p>Increased development in Moorpark and Simi Valley in the late 1990s and early 2000s caused the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_23" title="California State Route 23">Moorpark Freeway (Highway 23)</a> to become heavily congested during both morning and afternoon rush hours. A major widening project began in 2008 to alleviate most of this congestion. Because of its desirable environment and location, property values appreciated more than 250% in less than ten years, primarily during the mid-1990s to early 2000s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>On March 30, 2016, <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> and the NFL Rams team reached an agreement that allowed the team to have regular season training operations at CLU's campus in Thousand Oaks for the next two years. The Rams paid for two practice fields, paved parking, and modular buildings constructed on the northwestern corner of the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 7, 2018, a lone gunman killed 12 people <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_shooting" title="Thousand Oaks shooting">in a mass shooting at the Borderline Bar & Grill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> Just days later, as a vigil was held for those impacted by the shooting, the massive <i>Hill Fire</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Woolsey_Fire" title="Woolsey Fire">Woolsey Fire</a></i> threatened the community, burning homes across Ventura and Los Angeles Counties. The fires would continue through almost the entire month of November charring almost 100,000 acres and consuming multiple homes in the region as it burned through <a href="/wiki/Agoura_Hills,_California" title="Agoura Hills, California">Agoura Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a>, and Thousand Oaks, all the way to the <a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a> coastline.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In February 2019, in what was called a response to the shooting, members of the <a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a> demonstrated outside <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_High_School" title="Thousand Oaks High School">Thousand Oaks High School</a>. Parents, students, faith communities, and community members held a counter-demonstration across the street.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:833px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg" class="image" title="Western Thousand Oaks as seen from atop Tarantula Hill."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg/825px-Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="825" height="212" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg/1238px-Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg/1650px-Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7440" data-file-height="1909" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg" title="File:Panoramic-panorama-view-of-thousand-oaks.jpg"> </a></div>Western Thousand Oaks as seen from atop <a href="/wiki/Tarantula_Hill" title="Tarantula Hill">Tarantula Hill</a>.</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg/220px-Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg/330px-Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg/440px-Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Little-Falls-Wildwood-Regional-Park-Thousand-Oaks-CA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Waterfall in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg/220px-Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg/330px-Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg/440px-Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill-Canyon-Wastewater-Plant-Wetlands-Newbury-Park.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Wetlands in <a href="/wiki/Hill_Canyon" title="Hill Canyon">Hill Canyon</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The city of Thousand Oaks Is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura County</a>, halfway between <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>, and 12 miles east of the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-Kath_2011_Page_45_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kath_2011_Page_45-87">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-callutheran2_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callutheran2-88">[88]</a></sup> Conejo Valley lies at 900 feet; 55 of its 1,884 square miles are located within Thousand Oaks city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> For comparison, the city is larger in area than <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach, CA">Long Beach, CA</a>, and 20 percent larger than <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_119_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_119-91">[91]</a></sup>
</p><p>Designated open-space nature areas occupy 34 percent of the city as of 2017 (15,194 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-toaks_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks-92">[92]</a></sup> 928 acres of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area">Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</a> (SMMNRA) is within the southern borders of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> Thousand Oaks is within the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles Area</a> and is 38 miles west of Los Angeles. <a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a> is located on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7-12">[12]</a></sup> Conejo Valley is bordered by the Santa Monica's to the south, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo Mountains">Conejo Mountains</a> to the west and north, and the <a href="/wiki/Simi_Hills" title="Simi Hills">Simi Hills</a> to the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks has grown due to the incorporation of neighboring cities. Two-thirds of <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Westlake Village">Westlake Village</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> were annexed by the city in the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-conejovalleyguide3_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalleyguide3-71">[71]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> currently makes up around 40 percent of the city's total land area.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks is located at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thousand_Oaks,_California&params=34_11_22_N_118_52_30_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°11′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°52′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.18944°N 118.87500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.18944; -118.87500</span></span></span></a></span> (34.189489, -118.875053).<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-96">[96]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 55.2 square miles (143 km<sup>2</sup>). 55.0 square miles (142 km<sup>2</sup>) of it is land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km<sup>2</sup>) of it (0.27%) is water.
</p><p>Although Thousand Oaks has several shopping centers, including the <a href="/wiki/Janss_Marketplace" title="Janss Marketplace">Janss Marketplace</a> mall, <a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_Shopping_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oaks Shopping Center">The Oaks</a> mall, and <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">W. Thousand Oaks Blvd.</a>, a large portion of the city's inhabitants live in suburban communities a distance from the commercial centers of the city. The large housing districts near Lynn Road to the north and west are an example of this <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">sprawl</a>, despite attempts by Ventura County planners to reduce it.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> Many housing tracts are surrounded by walls. This design is meant to keep heavy traffic away from residential roads.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:802px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/800px-Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="347" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="444" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Conejo_Grade_in_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Grade" title="Conejo Grade">Conejo Grade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Mountain" title="Conejo Mountain">Conejo Mountain</a> in westernmost <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Topa_Topa_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Topa Topa Mountains">Topa Topa Mountains</a> can be seen in the far back.</div></div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Physiography">Physiography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Physiography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/220px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/330px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg/440px-Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount-Clef-Ridge-Wildwood-Thousand-Oaks-Mountclef.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Mount_Clef_Ridge" title="Mount Clef Ridge">Mount Clef Ridge</a> is a 1,076 ft volcanic mountain.</div></div></div>
<p>The physiography is dominated by prominent knolls, surrounding mountains, open vistas and native oak woodland. It is home to 50–60,000 oak trees,<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn.com-14">[14]</a></sup> and the city is characterized by its many oak trees and rolling green hills.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup>
</p><p>The northern parts consist of mountainous terrain in the <a href="/wiki/Simi_Hills" title="Simi Hills">Simi Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo Mountains">Conejo Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Clef_Ridge" title="Mount Clef Ridge">Mount Clef Ridge</a>. Narrow canyons such as <a href="/wiki/Hill_Canyon" title="Hill Canyon">Hill Canyon</a> cut through the steeper mountainous areas. <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Mountain" title="Conejo Mountain">Conejo Mountain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Grade" title="Conejo Grade">Conejo Grade</a> are found in westernmost <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>, while the southernmost parts of Thousand Oaks are made up of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Valley (page does not exist)">Russell Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Valley,_Ventura_County,_California" title="Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California">Hidden Valley</a> and the steep rugged slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a>. The elevation ranges from 500 feet in the northwest to the 2,403 feet <a href="/wiki/Simi_Peak" title="Simi Peak">Simi Peak</a>. The major drainage is <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo Creek">Conejo Creek</a> (Arroyo Conejo).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup>
</p><p>Wetlands include <a href="/wiki/Banning_Dam" title="Banning Dam">Lake Eleanor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Conejo" title="Arroyo Conejo">Paradise Falls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_Ponds_(Newbury_Park)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twin Ponds (Newbury Park) (page does not exist)">Twin Ponds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dos_Vientos_Open_Space" title="Dos Vientos Open Space">Dos Vientos</a> and the 7-acre <a href="/wiki/Hill_Canyon" title="Hill Canyon">Hill Canyon Wetlands</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Destinations_from_Thousand_Oaks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Destinations_from_Thousand_Oaks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Destinations from Thousand Oaks</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Moorpark,_California" title="Moorpark, California">Moorpark</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Casa_Conejo,_California" title="Casa Conejo, California">Casa Conejo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a></td>
<td style="width:33%;">
<div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" title="North" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></div>
<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" title="West" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/33px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Thousand Oaks</b><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" title="East" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/33px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /></div>
<div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" title="South" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></div>
</td>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_California" title="Oak Park, California">Oak Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a></i></td>
<td></td>
</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The region experiences a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<i>Csa</i> in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>) or dry-summer subtropical zone climate, with hot, sunny, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. Vegetation is typical of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> environments, with chaparral and grasses on the hillsides and numerous western valley oaks. Its elevation ranges from about 500 to 900 feet (excluding the mountains and hills). The area has slightly cooler temperatures than the surrounding areas, as it receives cooler air from the ocean through various hill and mountain passes. On March 10 and 11, 2006, snow fell on the peak of <a href="/wiki/Boney_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Boney Mountain">Boney Mountain</a>, the first snow to fall in the area in about 20 years. Snow also fell on Boney Peak on December 17 and 18, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup>
</p><p>In line with the rest of coastal California, temperatures at <a href="/wiki/Solar_noon" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar noon">solar noon</a> tend to fluctuate between 70–80 °F (21–26 °C) during summer, and rarely drop below 60–65 °F (15–18 °C) during winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_26-102">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p><br />
</p>
<div>
<table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="14">Climate data for Thousand Oaks, California
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month
</th>
<th scope="col">Jan
</th>
<th scope="col">Feb
</th>
<th scope="col">Mar
</th>
<th scope="col">Apr
</th>
<th scope="col">May
</th>
<th scope="col">Jun
</th>
<th scope="col">Jul
</th>
<th scope="col">Aug
</th>
<th scope="col">Sep
</th>
<th scope="col">Oct
</th>
<th scope="col">Nov
</th>
<th scope="col">Dec
</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;">92<br />(33)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;">92<br />(33)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96<br />(36)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />(41)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;">102<br />(39)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">106<br />(41)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />(41)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />(41)
</td>
<td style="background: #A50000; color:#FFFFFF;">119<br />(48)
</td>
<td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;">108<br />(42)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">99<br />(37)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">99<br />(37)
</td>
<td style="background: #A50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">119<br />(48)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;">65.0<br />(18.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;">65.3<br />(18.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">68.5<br />(20.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;">71.0<br />(21.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;">74.5<br />(23.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;">79.7<br />(26.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;">84.7<br />(29.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;">84.6<br />(29.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;">83.1<br />(28.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;">77.3<br />(25.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;">71.3<br />(21.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;">65.4<br />(18.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">74.2<br />(23.5)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;">45.6<br />(7.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;">44.4<br />(6.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;">46.7<br />(8.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;">48.0<br />(8.9)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;">51.5<br />(10.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;">56.1<br />(13.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;">59.4<br />(15.2)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;">58.0<br />(14.4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;">57.7<br />(14.3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;">53.2<br />(11.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;">47.9<br />(8.8)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;">44.0<br />(6.7)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">51.0<br />(10.6)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C)
</th>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">25<br />(−4)
</td>
<td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;">26<br />(−3)
</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">25<br />(−4)
</td>
<td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">30<br />(−1)
</td>
<td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;">35<br />(2)
</td>
<td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">37<br />(3)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />(6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">40<br />(4)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">40<br />(4)
</td>
<td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">32<br />(0)
</td>
<td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;">28<br />(−2)
</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">25<br />(−4)
</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">25<br />(−4)
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm)
</th>
<td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;">3.88<br />(99)
</td>
<td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;">4.20<br />(107)
</td>
<td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;">2.45<br />(62)
</td>
<td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;">0.84<br />(21)
</td>
<td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;">0.34<br />(8.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;">0.06<br />(1.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;">0.02<br />(0.51)
</td>
<td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;">0.06<br />(1.5)
</td>
<td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;">0.18<br />(4.6)
</td>
<td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;">0.74<br />(19)
</td>
<td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;">1.39<br />(35)
</td>
<td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;">2.38<br />(60)
</td>
<td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">16.54<br />(420)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="toccolours" style="border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center">Historical population
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Census</th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr>
</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Census">1950</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">1,243</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">—</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 United States Census">1960</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">2,934</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">136.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Census">1970</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">35,873</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">1,122.7%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">77,072</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">114.8%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">104,352</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">35.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">117,005</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">12.1%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a></b></td><td style="padding-left:8px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">126,683</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">8.3%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><b>2019 (est.)</b></td><td style="padding-left:0px; border-right:none; padding-right:0; text-align:right;">126,813</td><td style="border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:left;"><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2019-9">[9]</a></sup></td><td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: right;">0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-106">[106]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;">
<div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;">
<table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ancestry in Thousand Oaks</th></tr>
<tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;">
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Origin</td>
<td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:15.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightblue; width:12.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:11.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">11.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:10.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkred; width:7.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian American">Russian American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightgreen; width:3.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:3.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American">French American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Polish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish American">Polish American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:2.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightred; width:2.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:2.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish American">Swedish American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:white; width:2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch American">Dutch American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:1.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:1.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[a]</a></sup></td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:18.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.9%</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<p>The city neighborhoods were built for the blue- and white-collar class in the 1950s. Today it is an upscale city with highly educated residents.<sup id="cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121-108">[107]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a></sup> reported that Thousand Oaks had a population of 126,683. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 2,295.8 people per square mile (886.4/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of Thousand Oaks was 101,702 (80.3%) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 1,674 (1.3%) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 497 (0.4%) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 11,043 (8.7%) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 146 (0.1%) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 6,869 (5.4%) from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 4,752 (3.8%) from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 21,341 persons (16.8%). The largest ancestry group is German-Americans 20,381 (15.8%), followed by Mexican 16,640 (12.9%), English 15,092 (11.7%), Irish 13,802 (10.7%), Italian 9,287 (7.2%), Russian 4,385 (3.4%), Chinese 4,256 (3.3%), French 4,127 (3.2%), Polish 4,127 (3.2%), Scottish 3,482 (2.7%), Indian 3,482 (2.7%), Norwegian 2,837 (2.2%) and Swedish 2,579 (2%).<sup id="cite_ref-census_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-110">[109]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neighborhoodscout_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neighborhoodscout-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p><p>The census reported that 124,941 people (98.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,390 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 352 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
</p><p>There were 45,836 households, out of which 16,439 (35.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27,206 (59.4%) were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">opposite-sex married couples</a> living together, 4,260 (9.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,925 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,761 (3.8%) <a href="/wiki/POSSLQ" title="POSSLQ">unmarried opposite-sex partnerships</a>, and 284 (0.6%) <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_partnerships" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex partnerships">same-sex married couples or partnerships</a>. 9,728 households (21.2%) were made up of individuals, and 4,459 (9.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73. There were 33,391 <a href="/wiki/Family_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family (U.S. Census)">families</a> (72.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.15.
</p><p>The population was spread out, with 30,076 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 10,226 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 29,853 people (23.6%) aged 25 to 44, 37,964 people (30.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 18,564 people (14.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
</p><p>There were 47,497 housing units at an average density of 860.8 per square mile (332.3/km<sup>2</sup>), of which 33,501 (73.1%) were owner-occupied, and 12,335 (26.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 92,510 people (73.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,431 people (25.6%) lived in rental housing units.
</p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $121,088.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Government">Government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg/220px-Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg/330px-Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg/440px-Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Thousand_oaks_civic_arts_plaza_american_luxury_limousine.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>City Hall is housed at <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Plaza" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Topa_TopaMountains.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Topa_TopaMountains.jpg/220px-Topa_TopaMountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Topa_TopaMountains.jpg/330px-Topa_TopaMountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Topa_TopaMountains.jpg/440px-Topa_TopaMountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="1544" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Topa_TopaMountains.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A view of the <a href="/wiki/Topatopa_Mountains" title="Topatopa Mountains">Topatopa Mountains</a> and Amgen.</div></div></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks does not directly elect its mayor; instead, council members take turns rotating into the position.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mitnick_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitnick-113">[112]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to the city's most recent (2019) Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fund financial statements, the city's various funds had $175.9 million in revenues, $169.8 million in expenditures, $1.01 billion in total assets, $176.3 million in total liabilities, and $27 million in investments:<sup id="cite_ref-toaks1_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks1-114">[113]</a></sup>
</p><p>The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:<sup id="cite_ref-toaks1_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks1-114">[113]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Department
</th>
<th>Director
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>City Manager
</td>
<td>Andrew Powers<sup id="cite_ref-VCS_20160713_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_20160713-79">[79]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vcstar3_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar3-115">[114]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>City Attorney
</td>
<td>Tracy Noonan
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>City Clerk
</td>
<td>Cynthia Rodriguez
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Cultural Affairs
</td>
<td>Vacant
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Community Development
</td>
<td>Mark Towne
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Finance
</td>
<td>Jamie Boscarino
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Fire
</td>
<td>John Spykerman
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Human Resources
</td>
<td>Tim Giles
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Library Services
</td>
<td>Heather Cousin
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Police
</td>
<td>James Fryhoff
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Public Works
</td>
<td>Clifford Finley
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Established in 1964, the <a href="/wiki/City_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="City Manager">City Manager</a>'s post is charged with coordinating <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a> policies and direction, and provides overall management administration of the city's ten departments. Administrative tasks are performed with assistance of four professional and three clerical staff members, including the Assistant City Manager, which serves in a key position. A major responsibility for the City Manager is the development of the annual city budget.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup>
</p><p>As a chief legal advisor to the city, the <a href="/wiki/City_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="City Attorney">City Attorney</a> provides assistance and advice to all city departments and commissions. The attorney also represents the city in legal matters. The City Clerk's responsibilities include conducting elections, maintaining the custody of official city codes and records, administrating the oath of office given to elected officials, receiving legal claims, issuing marriage licenses, and receiving passport applications.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></sup>
</p><p>Elected officials are very aware of the anti-growth sentiment that is common among the residents. All new development is described as slow-growth in order to be accepted by the community.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></sup>
Ordinances protect oak trees and the city prioritizes planting more in street medians and other public land.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></sup> More than 15,000 acres (61 km<sup>2</sup>) have been preserved as <a href="/wiki/Open_space_reserve" title="Open space reserve">open space</a>, containing more than 75 miles (121 km) of trails. Open space has been acquired through land dedications by developers, purchase, and <a href="/wiki/Conservation_easements" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation easements">conservation easements</a>. Donations of open space have been made by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea" title="Joel McCrea">Joel McCrea</a>. The largest donor has been the <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Financial" title="Prudential Financial">Prudential Company</a> which developed the community of Westlake and eventually gave more than 3,000 acres (1,200 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_strength">Political strength</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political strength">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Thousand Oaks and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a> have traditionally been strongholds for the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in Ventura County.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lat20000219_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat20000219-123">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-countyofventura_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-countyofventura-124">[123]</a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Thousand Oaks had three registered Republican voters for every two Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></sup> 45.8% of voters were registered Republicans in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a></sup> By 2018, the party registrations for Thousand Oaks residents were 38% Republican, 33.7% Democrat, and 25% no preference, with the remainder split among other parties.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks is located adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a>, often nicknamed "Reagan Country",<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></sup> where the former president is buried at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a> near the Thousand Oaks border. The former president hired Bruce Oxford to work at his <a href="/wiki/Agoura_Hills,_California" title="Agoura Hills, California">Agoura Hills</a> ranch in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Oxford had established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks_Meat_Locker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thousand Oaks Meat Locker (page does not exist)">Thousand Oaks Meat Locker</a> on today's <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a>, a place where Reagan often returned to. During Reagan's run for <a href="/wiki/California_gubernatorial_election,_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="California gubernatorial election, 1966">governor of California in 1966</a>, he stayed at the Meat Locker while awaiting the election returns. During the <a href="/wiki/1980_US_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 US Presidential Election">1980 presidential election</a>, Reagan returned to Thousand Oaks Boulevard (then Ventura Boulevard).<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></sup>
</p><p>Presidents <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> have held speeches at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-callutheran3_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-callutheran3-132">[131]</a></sup> while President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> visited Newbury Park in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-nphs_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nphs-133">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malibutimes_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malibutimes-134">[133]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/College_Republicans" title="College Republicans">Republican Club</a> at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> has gained national prominence by having "the highest ratio of club members to number of students of any College Republican club in California."<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Amgenheadquarters.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amgenheadquarters.jpg/220px-Amgenheadquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amgenheadquarters.jpg/330px-Amgenheadquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amgenheadquarters.jpg/440px-Amgenheadquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4904" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Amgenheadquarters.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a> is the world's largest biotechnology firm and the largest employer in the Conejo Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg/220px-The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg/330px-The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg/440px-The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1281" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_oaks_mall_main_entrance.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_(Thousand_Oaks,_California)" title="The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)">The Oaks</a> is the largest shopping mall in <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura County">Ventura County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes2_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes2-138">[137]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg/220px-Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg/330px-Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg/440px-Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1714" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_robles_medical_center_receiving.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Los_Robles_Hospital_%26_Medical_Center" title="Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center">Los Robles Hospital</a> has earned multiple top honors for its specialized care.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg/220px-Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg/330px-Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg/440px-Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sage Publications is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Newbury Park, CA">Newbury Park, CA</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>While agriculture was the dominant industry in Thousand Oaks until the 1950s, a number of high-tech companies moved to <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> in the 1960s. Today it is home to a number of high-tech and biotech companies, and has been dubbed "the next Silicon Valley" for this reason.<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vcstar4_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar4-141">[140]</a></sup> Thousand Oaks has been named one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. It was ranked the seventh richest city in America by <a href="/wiki/Trulia" title="Trulia">Trulia</a> in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-cbsnews_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsnews-142">[141]</a></sup> while it was ranked the 13th wealthiest U.S. city by <a href="/wiki/NerdWallet" title="NerdWallet">NerdWallet</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-ocregister_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocregister-143">[142]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city's economy is based on a range of businesses including biotechnology, electronics, automotive, aerospace, telecommunications, healthcare, and financing. <a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Teledyne_Technologies" title="Teledyne Technologies">Teledyne Technologies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sagepub_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sagepub-146">[145]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Skyworks_Solutions" title="Skyworks Solutions">Skyworks Solutions</a> have corporate headquarters in the city, while <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baxter_International" title="Baxter International">Baxter International</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Dynamics Corporation">General Dynamics Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon">Verizon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Wireless" title="Verizon Wireless">Verizon Wireless</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-neftinvw_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neftinvw-148">[147]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-audiwestlake_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-audiwestlake-149">[148]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rusnakbmw_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rusnakbmw-150">[149]</a></sup> Silver Star Automotive Group, and <a href="/wiki/Anthem_Blue_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthem Blue Cross">Anthem Blue Cross</a> manage regional offices. Thousand Oaks also has large employers as <a href="/wiki/Los_Robles_Hospital_%26_Medical_Center" title="Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center">Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="Conejo Valley Unified School District">Conejo Valley Unified School District</a>, City of Thousand Oaks, <a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyatt Hotels">Hyatt Hotels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> headquartered in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conejovalley_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejovalley-152">[151]</a></sup> The city was also the former home to the corporate offices of <a href="/wiki/Wellpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellpoint">Wellpoint</a> and <a href="/wiki/GTE" title="GTE">GTE</a>, which later became <a href="/wiki/Verizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon">Verizon</a>, which relocated in the last decade. <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> was also previously located here.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/J.D._Power_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="J.D. Power and Associates">J.D. Power and Associates</a> is headquartered in Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></sup> J.D. Power began moving its employees from its former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Agoura_Hills,_California" title="Agoura Hills, California">Agoura Hills, California</a>, to its current headquarters in the Westlake section of Thousand Oaks in the weekend after April 11, 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a></sup> The communities of Thousand Oaks, <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Westlake Village">Westlake Village</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agoura_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Agoura Hills">Agoura Hills</a> are served by the Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce, one of the few in California to receive four-star accreditation from the United States Chamber of Commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></sup>
</p><p>Measure P, a marijuana business tax, was approved by voters in November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></sup>
</p><p>Demographic data shows that more and more of the local labor force lives within 20 miles of their place of work, and fewer Thousand Oaks residents are making the 30-mile commute to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Over 40 percent of residents are employed as executives or business professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_26-102">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p>The median home price is $699,900,<sup id="cite_ref-zillow_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zillow-159">[158]</a></sup> which is over twice the national median home price.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-160">[159]</a></sup> It had the second-highest median home prices in <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura County</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Top_employers">Top employers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Top employers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>According to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></sup> the top employers in the city are:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>No.
</th>
<th>Employer
</th>
<th>No. of employees
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Amgen_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Amgen Inc.">Amgen Inc.</a>
</td>
<td>5,125
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_(Thousand_Oaks,_California)" title="The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)">The Oaks (shopping mall)</a>
</td>
<td>2,345
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="Conejo Valley Unified School District">Conejo Valley Unified School District</a>
</td>
<td>1,900
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Los_Robles_Hospital_%26_Medical_Center" title="Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center">Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center</a>
</td>
<td>1,670
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Anthem_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Anthem Inc.">Anthem Inc.</a>
</td>
<td>1,415
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a>
</td>
<td>1,126
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Shire_(pharmaceutical_company)" title="Shire (pharmaceutical company)">Shire</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Baxalta" title="Baxalta">Baxalta</a>)
</td>
<td>1,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Skyworks_Solutions_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyworks Solutions Inc">Skyworks Solutions Inc</a>
</td>
<td>645
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/PennyMac_Loan_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="PennyMac Loan Services">PennyMac Loan Services</a>
</td>
<td>623
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Sage_Publications_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Sage Publications Inc">Sage Publications Inc</a>
</td>
<td>591
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_(22662582785).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg/220px-Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg/330px-Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg/440px-Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_%2822662582785%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Loeb_10-31-2015_-11_(22662582785).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Loeb" title="Lisa Loeb">Lisa Loeb</a> performing at "Spokes In The Oaks".</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg/220px-Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg/330px-Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg/440px-Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Aebleskiver_at_Cal_Lutheran_Scandanavian_Festival.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Aebleskiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Aebleskiver">Aebleskiver</a> at the annual <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University#Scandinavian_Festival" title="California Lutheran University">Scandinavian Festival</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Art_Museum" title="Conejo Valley Art Museum">Conejo Valley Art Museum</a> has showcased collections from artists such as <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Williams_(artist)" title="Elizabeth Williams (artist)">Elizabeth Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(animator)" title="David Rose (animator)">David Rose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Brodie" title="Howard Brodie">Howard Brodie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn3_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn3-163">[162]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a> on Lang Ranch Parkway has displays of <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> artifacts and a reconstructed Chumash village.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></sup> Another museum, the 1876 <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/California_Historical_Landmark" title="California Historical Landmark">California Historical Landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></sup> Also in Newbury Park is <a href="/wiki/Satwiwa_Native_American_Indian_Culture_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center">Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center</a>, a museum at the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Boney_Peak" title="Boney Peak">Mount Boney</a>, which is a sacred site for the Chumash people.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes3_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes3-166">[165]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="American Radio Archive">American Radio Archive</a> is a museum at <a href="/wiki/Grant_R._Brimhall_Library" title="Grant R. Brimhall Library">Grant R. Brimhall Library</a> dedicated to the history of radio. It contains one of the largest collections of radio broadcasting in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></sup> and in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></sup> California Museum of Art is located at <a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_Shopping_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oaks Shopping Center">The Oaks Shopping Center</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Plaza" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a> is home to two theaters: the 1,800-seat Fred Kavli Theatre and Ray Scherr Forum Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks2_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks2-169">[168]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-latimes4_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes4-170">[169]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Anka" title="Paul Anka">Paul Anka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-simivalleyacorn_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simivalleyacorn-171">[170]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vince_Gill" title="Vince Gill">Vince Gill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar5_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar5-172">[171]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a><sup id="cite_ref-noozhawk_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noozhawk-173">[172]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a><sup id="cite_ref-vcstar6_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar6-174">[173]</a></sup> have performed at <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kavli_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Kavli Theatre">Fred Kavli Theatre</a>. Entertainers such as <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield_(illusionist)" title="David Copperfield (illusionist)">David Copperfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/BB_King" class="mw-redirect" title="BB King">BB King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a> have also performed at the Civic Arts Plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Players_Theatre" title="Conejo Players Theatre">Conejo Players Theatre</a> has over 200 active members and was established in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hillcrest_Center_for_the_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hillcrest Center for the Arts (page does not exist)">Hillcrest Center for the Arts</a> is home to Gothic Productions, Young Artists Ensemble, Thousand Oaks Actors Guild and other groups. Hillcrest Center is also home to Classics in the Park, which arranges annual summer concerts in Conejo Community Park.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hillcrestarts_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillcrestarts-178">[177]</a></sup> Galleries include Fred Kavli Theatre Gallery, <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Community_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Community Art Gallery">Thousand Oaks Community Art Gallery</a> and William Rolland Gallery of Fine Art.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks3_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks3-179">[178]</a></sup>
</p><p>The annual Scandinavian Festival (“Scan Fest”) is an annual weekend spring festival which takes place at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> every April. The festival was the first held as an accomplishment of John J. Nordberg, who was instrumental in getting the first <a href="/wiki/American-Scandinavian_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="American-Scandinavian Foundation">American-Scandinavian Foundation</a> chapter chartered in Thousand Oaks. The festival was established in order to boost cultural ties between California Lutheran College and the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Countries">Nordic Countries</a>. The festival offers foods, folk dances, music, literature and art from the Nordic Countries, including from <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>. The first festival was held in 1974 and was attended by over a thousand visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conejo_Valley_Days&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conejo Valley Days (page does not exist)">Conejo Valley Days</a> is an annual spring festival with a carnival.<sup id="cite_ref-Kath_2011_Page_45_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kath_2011_Page_45-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p><p>OakHeart Country Music Festival is an annual outdoor country music concert held in June at the Conejo Creek Park fields. It is put on by the Borderline Bar and Grill and the Rotary Club.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a></sup> Previous performances include <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Atkins" title="Rodney Atkins">Rodney Atkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Farr" title="Tyler Farr">Tyler Farr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Moore" title="Justin Moore">Justin Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Turner" title="Josh Turner">Josh Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_%26_Rich" title="Big & Rich">Big & Rich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jana_Kramer" title="Jana Kramer">Jana Kramer</a>, as well as other major names in <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 22, 2018, the City of Thousand Oaks hosted its first, <a href="/wiki/Intersectional" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersectional">intersectional</a> LGBTQ+ event outside of the Mary and Richard Carpenter Civic Arts Plaza Park. The Festival hosted over 2,000 attendees and its highlights included LGBTQ+ talent in the form of spoken word, dance, music, and art. The Festival also featured mental and physical health services, LGBTQ+ non-profits, supportive religious organizations, local business vendors, a tribute to the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall Riots">Stonewall Riots</a>, youth arts/crafts, and more. The initial goal of this event was to bring critical visibility to the entire LGBTQ+ community of the Conejo Valley and to provide a cathartic experience for all attendees. The festival's organizers hope to make this an annual tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_safety">Public safety</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public safety">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<dl><dd>See Also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vcemergency.com">the <b>Ventura county</b> emergency communications hub</a></dd></dl>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fire_department">Fire department</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Fire department">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg/220px-Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg/330px-Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg/440px-Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Newbury_Park_Fire_Station_2018.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Fire Station 35 in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> opened in 2017 and replaced the 1962 station.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Fire_Department" title="Ventura County Fire Department">Ventura County Fire Department</a> provides <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">emergency medical services</a> for Thousand Oaks and the surrounding areas. <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Response" title="American Medical Response">American Medical Response</a> is the contracted paramedic ambulance provider for the area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Prior to the 1930s, fires were fought by local ranchers. Conejo Valley residents all signed a petition appealing for a truck. The request was presented to Ventura County Fire Warden, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Emerick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Emerick (page does not exist)">Walter Emerick</a>, in April 1931. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Goebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Goebel (page does not exist)">Louis Goebel</a>, the owner of <a href="/wiki/Goebel%27s_Lion_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebel's Lion Farm">Goebel's Lion Farm</a>, contacted the warden and wrote: "If you provide Thousand Oaks with a fire truck, I'll build a fire station for it and you can use it as long as you want." The offer was accepted and Goebel built a 22-by-50 ft. extension onto his main building. On the evening of March 28, 1932, Walter Emerick delivered the valley's first fire engine.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a></sup>
</p><p>Tom Moody became the first Conejo Valley Fire Chief and established a temporary fire station in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sherwood,_California" title="Lake Sherwood, California">Lake Sherwood</a> in 1942. Two permanent fire stations were built in 1949: one in Lake Sherwood and a new station at 67 Erbes Road which replaced the fire station at Goebel's Lion Farm. In 1961 Fire Station 34 was constructed followed by Station 35 in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> in 1962. Two stations were established to replace Station 31 on Erbes Road: Station 30 on Hillcrest Dr. (1974) and a new Fire Station 31 on Duesenburg Drive (1977). Fire Station 36 was built in 1985, followed by Station 37 in North Ranch in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></sup>
</p><p>Conejo Valley fire personnel work closely with their counterparts across the county border in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Fire_Department" title="Los Angeles County Fire Department">Los Angeles County</a>, and reciprocate their services both Ventura- and L.A. Counties.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_1973_Page_9_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce_1973_Page_9-191">[190]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Law enforcement">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_(205)_%22N205SD%22.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg/220px-Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg/330px-Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg/440px-Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_%28205%29_%22N205SD%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="1236" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ventura_County_Sheriff_Bell_HH-1H_(205)_%22N205SD%22.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura County Sheriff">Ventura County Sheriff</a> helicopter.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks_Police_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thousand Oaks Police Department (page does not exist)">Thousand Oaks Police Department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Sheriff%27s_Office" title="Ventura County Sheriff's Office">Ventura County Sheriff's Office</a> provide <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> services for the city. Thousand Oaks Police Department was established on July 1, 1965, nine months after the city was incorporated, and has contracted the sheriff's department to provide police service since inception.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn4_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn4-192">[191]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city's police department was instituted on July 1, 1965, with a personnel complement of twelve persons and two patrol vehicles. Captain T. Burt Stevens was the city's first Chief of Police.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></sup> The police station was originally operated under contract with the <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Sheriff%27s_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura County Sheriff's Department">Ventura County Sheriff's Department</a>. Fifteen officers, a sergeant, and a station commander serving as police chief, began work officially on July 1, 1965. Prior to the new police station, the closest deputies were in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a> and had to make the far trek to the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a> when crimes occurred. A resident deputy had also been assigned to the valley prior to the new station, who received his calls out of the family home. When the police station was established, it was originally two patrol cars to cover the city.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></sup> As of 1973, the police department was staffed by nineteen deputies from the Ventura County Sheriff's East Valley Station. There were four one-man patrol vehicles which were operated on 24-hour basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Commerce_1973_Page_9_191-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commerce_1973_Page_9-191">[190]</a></sup>
</p><p>At first, the police station was housed in a room at the Park Oaks Fire Station, on the corner of Avenida de Los Arboles and Moorpark Road. As the officers soon outgrew the small room, the house across the street was rented and turned into a police station. The little house on Avenida de Los Arboles gave way to a professional sheriff's station, which was established on Olsen Road in 1969. It was replaced in 1988 with a more modern station, located just a half mile down Olsen Road.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Crime">Crime</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Thousand Oaks is one of the safest cities in America, according to consistent FBI reporting.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_26-102">[102]</a></sup> In October 2013, Thousand Oaks was ranked the fourth safest city with a population over 100,000 in America, according to an annual report by the FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-FBI_–_safest_city_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBI_–_safest_city-196">[195]</a></sup> It has one of the lowest crime rates in California.<sup id="cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121-108">[107]</a></sup> The company <a href="/wiki/Niche_(company)" title="Niche (company)">Niche</a> ranked Thousand Oaks as America's second-safest city in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider2_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider2-197">[196]</a></sup> The city experienced its first homicide in four years in October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn5_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn5-198">[197]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite a significant population growth since the 1990s, the city has experienced a general <a href="/wiki/Crime_drop" title="Crime drop">crime decline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar.com_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar.com-199">[198]</a></sup> In 2015, there were 1.05 violent crimes per 1,000 residents, up from 0.99 in 2014. Overall, the city experienced a one percent crime decrease between 2014 and 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn6_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn6-200">[199]</a></sup> Petty theft was the most-reported crime category in 2013, accounting for 40% of all crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn7_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn7-201">[200]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2018_mass_shooting">2018 mass shooting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2018 mass shooting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_shooting" title="Thousand Oaks shooting">Thousand Oaks shooting</a></div>
<p>On the night of Wednesday, November 7, 2018, at 11:20 p.m., a <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shooting</a> occurred at the local <i>Borderline Bar & Grill</i>, when a man entered the venue during a weekly country event. Thirteen people were killed while others suffered injuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>The portion of the Ventura Freeway that passes by the location has been named in honor of Ventura County Sheriff Sergeant Ron Helus, who was killed after entering the venue to confront the perpetrator.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CLU_Main_Street.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/CLU_Main_Street.jpg/220px-CLU_Main_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/CLU_Main_Street.jpg/330px-CLU_Main_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/CLU_Main_Street.jpg/440px-CLU_Main_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:CLU_Main_Street.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> has been rated the 13th best university in Western United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_46_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_46-203">[202]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usnews_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnews-204">[203]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks is served by the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="Conejo Valley Unified School District">Conejo Valley Unified School District</a>. Academic scores in public schools are high. Several schools are scoring in the top ten percent of schools in California.<sup id="cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121-108">[107]</a></sup> It includes numerous elementary schools, <a href="/wiki/Colina_Middle_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Colina Middle School">Colina Middle School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Middle_School_(Thousand_Oaks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Redwood Middle School (Thousand Oaks)">Redwood Middle School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Cerritos_Middle_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Cerritos Middle School">Los Cerritos Middle School</a>. The high schools of the area include <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_High_School" title="Thousand Oaks High School">Thousand Oaks High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park_High_School" title="Newbury Park High School">Newbury Park High School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westlake_High_School_(California)" title="Westlake High School (California)">Westlake High School</a>. Also part of the school district are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sycamore_Canyon_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sycamore Canyon Middle School (page does not exist)">Sycamore Canyon Middle School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Middle_School_(Newbury_Park,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequoia Middle School (Newbury Park, California)">Sequoia Middle School</a>, located in Newbury Park. <a href="/wiki/Oaks_Christian_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Oaks Christian High School">Oaks Christian High School</a>, while located immediately outside Ventura County, matriculates numerous students from the county. <a href="/wiki/La_Reina_High_School" title="La Reina High School">La Reina High School</a> is a private <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>, all-girls junior/senior high school.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Library">Thousand Oaks Library</a> system is consistently ranked as one of the best public libraries in California.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a></sup> The library consists of the <a href="/wiki/Grant_R._Brimhall_Library" title="Grant R. Brimhall Library">Grant R. Brimhall Library</a> in Thousand Oaks and the Newbury Park Branch Library in Newbury Park.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a></sup> A 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m<sup>2</sup>) children's library was added to the existing 62,000-square-foot (5,800 m<sup>2</sup>) main building in June 2006. The children's library expansion resulted in an improved children's services area, a 3800-gallon, salt-water aquarium; quiet study rooms; a technology training room; a children's programming room; and additional seating and shelving capacity for both the children's services area and adult services area. Both the main library and Newbury Park Branch offer free wireless Internet access.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>For over ten consecutive years, <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> has been ranked among "Top 25 Universities in <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>" by <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i> published by America's Best Colleges Guide.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_46_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_46-203">[202]</a></sup> It was ranked 14th as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg/220px-CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg/330px-CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg/440px-CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:CLU_Rolland_Stadium.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> trains at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> (CLU).<sup id="cite_ref-nfl_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nfl-209">[208]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-therams_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-therams-210">[209]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamon_Brown.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jamon_Brown.JPG/220px-Jamon_Brown.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jamon_Brown.JPG/330px-Jamon_Brown.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jamon_Brown.JPG/440px-Jamon_Brown.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2252" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamon_Brown.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>NFL-player <a href="/wiki/Jamon_Brown" title="Jamon Brown">Jamon Brown</a> lives in Newbury Park.<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar7_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar7-211">[210]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ocregister2_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocregister2-212">[211]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lightning" title="Los Angeles Lightning">Los Angeles Lightning</a> is a local basketball team based at <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sports_and_Fitness_Center" title="Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center">Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a>. Besides having been the summer camp for <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> teams <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a>, CLU also served as the official training site of the 2008 and 2012 <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="United States men's national water polo team">US Olympic Men's Water Polo teams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a></sup> A nearby company, <i><a href="/wiki/DesignworksUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="DesignworksUSA">DesignworksUSA</a></i> in Newbury Park, has designed the U.S. Olympic Team's bobsleds.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a></sup> Furthermore, Newbury Park has been the location of several <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_California" title="Tour of California">Tour of California</a>, a professional cycling race.<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar8_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar8-215">[214]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toacorn8_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn8-216">[215]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/AYSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AYSO">AYSO</a>, club soccer (such as Apex Soccer Club, Newbury Park Soccer Club and Conejo Valley United), Conejo Youth Basketball Association, Conejo Valley Thunder <a href="/wiki/Amateur_wrestling" title="Amateur wrestling">Wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_Warner_Little_Scholars" title="Pop Warner Little Scholars">Pop Warner</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Little League">Little League</a> <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, CYFFA <a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag football</a>, girls' <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a>, organized swim team leagues, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>, and even organized <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> have active programs. Conejo Simi Swim Club is the oldest (est. 1974) and most successful youth swim program in the area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Fusion" title="Ventura County Fusion">Ventura County Fusion</a>, a minor-league <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a> team playing in the <a href="/wiki/USL_Premier_Development_League" class="mw-redirect" title="USL Premier Development League">USL Premier Development League</a>, while based in nearby <a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a>, has held home games at <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park_High_School" title="Newbury Park High School">Newbury Park High School</a> in Newbury Park. The Conejo Oaks semi-pro collegiate baseball team play in Thousand Oaks at <a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Sparky Anderson Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a></sup> The Ventura County Outlaws is a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> team competing in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Southern California Rugby Football Union">Southern California Rugby Football Union</a>, based in Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Country_Club" title="Sherwood Country Club">Sherwood Country Club</a>, a golf course designed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a>. The annual <a href="/wiki/Chevron_World_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron World Challenge">Chevron World Challenge</a> golf tournament hosted by <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods" title="Tiger Woods">Tiger Woods</a> took place at the course from 2000 to 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-tigerwoods_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tigerwoods-219">[218]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_Football">Professional Football</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Professional Football">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>For 27 years, <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> hosted the training camp for the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a>. The final camp was held in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42-221">[220]</a></sup> The CLU <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> practice field used by the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Cowboys</a> as well as the CLU Kingsmen football team was replaced by a large sports complex in 2006. The Cowboys Clubhouse in Thousand Oaks still stands across from the complex, and is currently a family residence. The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a>' temporary headquarters and practice facilities are located on the same campus until the team constructs their permanent training complex in Los Angeles (in a separate July 2016 agreement, the Rams signed a three-year deal with <a href="/wiki/UC_Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Irvine">UC Irvine</a> to use that university's Crawford Field for the team's training camp.)<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Baseball">Baseball</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Baseball">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In August 1994, a team from Thousand Oaks Little League became the first Little League team in Ventura County to win a World Championship, winning the <a href="/wiki/Junior_League_World_Series" title="Junior League World Series">Junior League World Series</a> championship game 20–3.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a></sup> In 1996, a Senior Division (ages 14–16) Thousand Oaks Little League team won a National Championship. Two years later in 1998, a Big League Division (ages 17–18) Conejo Valley Little League team won a World Championship, defeating a Venezuelan Team 10–9 in the <a href="/wiki/Big_League_World_Series" title="Big League World Series">Big League World Series</a> and going 26–1 in tournament play. In 2006, Thousand Oaks<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a></sup> won the World Championship in the Big League Division (ages 16–18) of Little League by defeating a team from <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> 10–0.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Thousand Oaks Big League team were also World Series runners-up in 2003 and 2005. In 2007, they were United States runner-up. In 2009, they won the United States Championship and appeared on prime time on ESPN. In the summer of 2004, the Little League National Championship team hailed from Thousand Oaks. The Conejo Valley East<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a></sup> team of 11- and 12-year-olds went 22–0 in local, regional, and World Series tournaments play claiming the national title at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Little_League_World_Series" title="2004 Little League World Series">2004 Little League World Series</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport, Pennsylvania</a> before losing in the international title game to the team from <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn9_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn9-229">[228]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg/220px-Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg/330px-Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg/440px-Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kclu_broadcast_center_clu.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/KCLU-FM" title="KCLU-FM">KCLU</a> at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> is the only public radio station in <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p><i><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Acorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Acorn">The Acorn</a></i> is the main newspaper covering Thousand Oaks, <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California" title="Westlake Village, California">Westlake Village</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">The Ventura County Star</a></i> is a larger regional newspaper covering Ventura County. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> circulations increased after the newspaper began covering the Conejo Valley in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks is home to a few radio station transmitter sites as well including <a href="/wiki/KCLU-FM" title="KCLU-FM">KCLU-FM</a>, an <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">NPR</a> radio station based at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a>. Other radio station transmitters located in Thousand Oaks include <a href="/wiki/KDSC" title="KDSC">KDSC</a> (the repeater for Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/KUSC" title="KUSC">KUSC</a>) airing <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical Music</a> on 91.1, <a href="/wiki/KYLA" title="KYLA">KYRA</a> airing <a href="/wiki/Educational_Media_Foundation" title="Educational Media Foundation">EMF</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air1" title="Air1">Air1</a> on 92.7, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radio-locator.com/info/K280DT-FX?loc=34.18949%2C-118.87505&locn=Thousand%20Oaks%2C%20California">K280DT</a>, a translator of <a href="/wiki/KOST" title="KOST">KOST-FM</a> Los Angeles, airing <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">adult contemporary music</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thousand Oaks TV (page does not exist)">Thousand Oaks TV</a> is a 24-hour cable TV station established by the city in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-vcstar9_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcstar9-233">[232]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toaks4_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks4-234">[233]</a></sup> Besides <a href="/wiki/KCLU-FM" title="KCLU-FM">KCLU-FM</a>, another student media outlet at <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> is <i>The Echo</i>, a news outlet.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first newspaper, <i>Oaks Post</i>, was published during the 1940s. <i>Conejo Valley News</i> was established in 1954, while <i>Village Chronicle</i> was established in 1959. <i>Thousand Oaks Journal</i> was another early local newspaper in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a></sup> Former <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> newspapers have included the <i>Newbury Star</i> in the 1960s, <i>Our Town U.S.A.</i>, and <i>The Newburian</i>, which was published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newbury_Park_Adventist_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newbury Park Adventist Academy (page does not exist)">Newbury Park Adventist Academy</a>. <i>Newbury Park Reporter</i> was a local edition of the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Free_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Free Press (page does not exist)">Star Free Press</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg/220px-Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg/330px-Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg/440px-Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Thousand_oaks_boulevard_blvd_california.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg/220px-ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg/330px-ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg/440px-ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ThousandOaksCA_typical_street.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A neighborhood in Thousand Oaks.</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Roads">Roads</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Thousand Oaks lies in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>, with the city of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> to the east and the city of <a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a> to the west. The city is served by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_101_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 101 (California)">U.S. Route 101</a> (the Ventura Freeway), as well as <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_23" title="California State Route 23">State Route 23</a> (the Moorpark Freeway). Highway 101 runs through the city and connects it with Los Angeles and Ventura. Highway 23 connects to the 101 near downtown Thousand Oaks, runs north toward <a href="/wiki/Moorpark,_California" title="Moorpark, California">Moorpark</a>, and essentially divides the city in two. Thousand Oaks is also served by <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Transit" title="Thousand Oaks Transit">Thousand Oaks Transit</a>, which provides public transportation in the form of shuttles and buses. TOT buses provide service to Thousand Oaks as well as some neighboring communities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Public transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>A regional transportation center provides bus and shuttle lines to Los Angeles, Oxnard, Ventura, Moorpark, Simi Valley, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Ventura_Intercity_Service_Transit_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura Intercity Service Transit Authority">VISTA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LADOT" class="mw-redirect" title="LADOT">LADOT</a> Commuter Express bus lines. In addition to being a transfer station from Los Angeles and other nearby cities, it also serves as the primary station for <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Transit" title="Thousand Oaks Transit">Thousand Oaks Transit</a> buses.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Line" title="Ventura County Line">Metrolink Ventura County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Surfliner" title="Pacific Surfliner">Pacific Surfliner</a> services are available at the train stations in <a href="/wiki/Moorpark_(train_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorpark (train station)">Moorpark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camarillo_(train_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camarillo (train station)">Camarillo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coast_Starlight" title="Coast Starlight">Amtrak Coast Starlight</a> stops at the <a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Transit_Center" title="Oxnard Transit Center">Oxnard Transit Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley_(train_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simi Valley (train station)">Simi Valley Amtrak/Metrolink Station</a>.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Air">Air</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Commercial air travel is provided primarily by <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a> for regular commuters, while the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Hope Airport">Bob Hope Airport</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a>) offers an alternative for domestic destinations. Thousand Oaks offers public transportation that runs to both airports, via the VISTA, Metro, and LADOT bus lines. Los Angeles International Airport is approximately 40 miles (64 km) southeast of the city, while Burbank Airport is approximately 35 miles (56 km) east of the city. General aviation airports include <a href="/wiki/Camarillo_Airport" title="Camarillo Airport">Camarillo Airport</a>, approximately 15 miles (24 km) west of the city; <a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Airport" title="Oxnard Airport">Oxnard Airport</a>, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of the city in <a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard, California</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Van_Nuys_Airport" title="Van Nuys Airport">Van Nuys Airport</a>, 25 miles (40 km) east of the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Airport" title="Conejo Valley Airport">Conejo Valley Airport</a>, also known as Janss Airport,<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a></sup> was an airport in Thousand Oaks. It had the first qualified flying field in the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>, and was opened sometime between 1946 and 1949 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janss_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janss Corporation (page does not exist)">Janss Corporation</a>, which had large land holdings in the area. The airport had 2,800 feet of unpaved runway, located parallel to Ventura Road, now known as <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Boulevard" title="Thousand Oaks Boulevard">Thousand Oaks Boulevard</a> (near Moorpark Road). When the state established a highway through town in 1952, the airfield was moved to the south side of the 101 <a href="/wiki/Ventura_Freeway" title="Ventura Freeway">Ventura Freeway</a>. The airport was often featured in movies, including <i><a href="/wiki/Francis_(film)" title="Francis (film)">Francis the Talking Mule</a></i> (1950) with <a href="/wiki/Donald_O%27Conner" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald O'Conner">Donald O'Conner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a></sup> Other movies filmed here include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paleface_(1948_film)" title="The Paleface (1948 film)">The Paleface</a></i> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/Riders_of_the_Whistling_Pines" title="Riders of the Whistling Pines">Riders of the Whistling Pines</a></i> (1949),<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Overland_Stage_Raiders" title="Overland Stage Raiders">Overland Stage Raiders</a></i> (1938).<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a></sup>
</p><p>The airport was no longer in use by 1962, and is the present location of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Robles_Greens_Golf_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Robles Greens Golf Course (page does not exist)">Los Robles Greens Golf Course</a>. The Janss Corporation later announced they would construct a new airport on the 1,400 acre Friedrich Ranch in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>, which they had purchased to develop the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancho_Conejo_Industrial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancho Conejo Industrial Park (page does not exist)">Rancho Conejo Industrial Park</a>. Rancho Conejo Airport opened on May 5, 1960, and considered an executive airport. It had a 4,300 foot surfaced and lighted runway, and was described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>: "It was the finest executive aircraft facility on the West Coast… and will serve the needs of the fast-moving executives of the space-age industries." The airport was used in the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_World" class="mw-redirect" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World</a></i> in 1963. The airport closed by 1965–66, and the land remained empty until 1991 when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapell_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shapell Industries (page does not exist)">Shapell Industries</a> constructed Rancho Conejo Village homes. The former site is northwest of the intersection of Lawrence Drive and Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Potable water is drawn from the state water system.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg/220px-Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg/330px-Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg/440px-Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dukes-of-hazzard-sheriff-car.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sheriff's car from <i><a href="/wiki/Dukes_Of_Hazzard_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes Of Hazzard (film)">Dukes of Hazzard</a></i> (2005) at the shooting location off Potrero Road.</div></div></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Thousand_Oaks" title="List of films shot in Thousand Oaks">List of films shot in Thousand Oaks</a></div>
<p>Due to the temperate climate and relatively close proximity to the studios in Hollywood, a number of movies and television series have been filmed in Thousand Oaks. Thousand Oaks Boulevard can for instance be seen in the Oscar-winning film <i><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a></i> (1934), while <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> stop at a service station on Live Oak Street in <i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_or_Bust" title="Hollywood or Bust">Hollywood or Bust</a></i> (1956). Hills near <a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> were used in the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Hard_Times_(film)" title="Welcome to Hard Times (film)">Welcome to Hard Times</a></i> (1967).<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a></i> (1960) was also filmed by CLU.<sup id="cite_ref-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cluecho.com_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cluecho.com-46">[46]</a></sup> Movies are still being made at <a href="/wiki/Ventura_Farms" title="Ventura Farms">Ventura Farms</a> (previously Deerwood Stock Farm), Greenfield Ranch, and the JMJ Ranch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>A number of movie productions took place in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a> between the 1930s and 1960s. Examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">Wuthering Heights</a></i> (1939), <i><a href="/wiki/Dodge_City_(film)" title="Dodge City (film)">Dodge City</a></i> (1939), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rifleman" title="The Rifleman">The Rifleman</a></i> (1958–63),<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett,_King_of_the_Wild_Frontier" title="Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier">Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier</a></i> (1955),<sup id="cite_ref-timeout_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeout-247">[246]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a></i> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/Duel_in_the_Sun_(film)" title="Duel in the Sun (film)">Duel in the Sun</a></i> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a></i> (1963–73), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Valley" title="The Big Valley">The Big Valley</a></i> (1965–69), <i><a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a></i> (1955–75), <i><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Train" title="Wagon Train">Wagon Train</a></i> (1957–65), <i><a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_Range" title="Clearing the Range">Clearing the Range</a></i> (1931), <i><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Frontier" title="Flaming Frontier">Flaming Frontier</a></i> (1958), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_Soldiers" title="The Horse Soldiers">The Horse Soldiers</a></i> (1959) starring <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roustabout_(film)" title="Roustabout (film)">Roustabout (film)</a></i> (1964), and <i><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Star" title="Flaming Star">Flaming Star</a></i> (1960) both starring <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a></sup>
</p><p>More recently, Greenfield Ranch appeared as a zoo in <i><a href="/wiki/We_Bought_a_Zoo" title="We Bought a Zoo">We Bought a Zoo</a></i> (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-latimes5_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes5-249">[248]</a></sup> The ranch has previously been featured in films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Down_Argentine_Way" title="Down Argentine Way">Down Argentine Way</a></i> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/Heart_and_Souls" title="Heart and Souls">Heart and Souls</a></i> (1993) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Harvest_(1993_film)" title="Bitter Harvest (1993 film)">Bitter Harvest</a></i> (1993). It has also been seen in TV-series such as <i><a href="/wiki/True_Blood" title="True Blood">True Blood</a></i> (2008–2014), <i><a href="/wiki/Monk_(TV_series)" title="Monk (TV series)">Monk</a></i> (2002–2009), <i><a href="/wiki/Bones_(TV_series)" title="Bones (TV series)">Bones</a></i> (2005–2017) and <i><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Minds" title="Criminal Minds">Criminal Minds</a></i> (2005–).<sup id="cite_ref-latimes6_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes6-250">[249]</a></sup> A Hidden Valley home was also used in the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Complicated_(film)" title="It's Complicated (film)">It's Complicated</a></i> (2009) starring <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes7_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes7-251">[250]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other films include <i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Geisha_(film)" title="Memoirs of a Geisha (film)">Memoirs of a Geisha</a></i> (2005),<sup id="cite_ref-latimes8_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes8-252">[251]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Come_On,_Tarzan" title="Come On, Tarzan">Come On, Tarzan</a></i> (1932), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robin_Hood" title="The Adventures of Robin Hood">The Adventures of Robin Hood</a></i> (1938),<sup id="cite_ref-conejo_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conejo-253">[252]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Shores_of_Iwo_Jima" title="To the Shores of Iwo Jima">To the Shores of Iwo Jima</a></i> (1945), <i><a href="/wiki/Lassie_Come_Home" title="Lassie Come Home">Lassie Come Home</a></i> (1943), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guns_of_Will_Sonnett" title="The Guns of Will Sonnett">The Guns of Will Sonnett</a></i> (1967–69) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dukes_of_Hazzard" title="The Dukes of Hazzard">The Dukes of Hazzard</a></i> (1979–85).<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California#Notable_people" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park, California § Notable people</a></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Arden" title="Eve Arden">Eve Arden</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medved_2007_Page_280-254">[253]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Avalon" title="Frankie Avalon">Frankie Avalon</a>, singer and actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Block" title="Austin Block">Austin Block</a>, ice hockey player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Bynes" title="Amanda Bynes">Amanda Bynes</a>, actress</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Carlisle" title="Belinda Carlisle">Belinda Carlisle</a>, singer<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42-221">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Carpenter_(musician)" title="Richard Carpenter (musician)">Richard Carpenter</a>, musician<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Curb" title="Mike Curb">Mike Curb</a>, 42nd Lieutenant Governor of California</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Dee" title="Frances Dee">Frances Dee</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_2017-02-07-257">[256]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a>, television host<sup id="cite_ref-latimes11_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes11-258">[257]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes12_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes12-259">[258]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Denver" title="Bob Denver">Bob Denver</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Donald" title="Aaron Donald">Aaron Donald</a>, football player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Giron" title="Marcos Giron">Marcos Giron</a>, tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Goff" title="Jared Goff">Jared Goff</a>, football player</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky" title="Wayne Gretzky">Wayne Gretzky</a>, ice hockey player<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Heller" title="Jerry Heller">Jerry Heller</a>, music executive</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mariel_Hemingway" title="Mariel Hemingway">Mariel Hemingway</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42-221">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>, comic book artist<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Raymond_Locke" title="Edith Raymond Locke">Edie Locke</a>, fashion journalist<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Locklear" title="Heather Locklear">Heather Locklear</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-biography_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-263">[262]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medved_2007_Page_280-254">[253]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, singer<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-264">[263]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Mayo" title="Virginia Mayo">Virginia Mayo</a>, actress</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jody_McCrea" title="Jody McCrea">Jody McCrea</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_2017-02-07-257">[256]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea" title="Joel McCrea">Joel McCrea</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCS_2017-02-07-257">[256]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Miz" title="The Miz">The Miz</a>, professional wrestler<sup id="cite_ref-Miz_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miz-265">[264]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Moore_(ice_hockey)" title="Trevor Moore (ice hockey)">Trevor Moore</a>, ice hockey player<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Morris" title="Heather Morris">Heather Morris</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_O%27Brien" title="Olivia O'Brien">Olivia O'Brien</a>, singer-songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maryse_Ouellet" title="Maryse Ouellet">Maryse Ouellet</a>, professional wrestler<sup id="cite_ref-Miz_265-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miz-265">[264]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slim_Pickens" title="Slim Pickens">Slim Pickens</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Prince" title="Frances Prince">Frances Prince</a>, the city's first female mayor<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83-57">[57]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a>, musician<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, singer<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-271">[270]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes9_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes9-272">[271]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-latimes10_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes10-273">[272]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hailee_Steinfeld" title="Hailee Steinfeld">Hailee Steinfeld</a>, actress</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, singer</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Sunderland" title="Abby Sunderland">Abby Sunderland</a>, sailor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tull" title="Thomas Tull">Thomas Tull</a>, film producer<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Urich" title="Robert Urich">Robert Urich</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Valli" title="Frankie Valli">Frankie Valli</a>, singer and actor<sup id="cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42-221">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wagner" title="Robert Wagner">Robert Wagner</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a>, actor<sup id="cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medved_2007_Page_280-254">[253]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Yelich" title="Christian Yelich">Christian Yelich</a>, baseball player</li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Points of interest">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg/200px-Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg/300px-Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg/400px-Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn%27s_peak_aka_tarantula_hill.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The 1,057 ft. Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/200px-Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/300px-Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg/400px-Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="2951" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gardens_of_the_World_Thousand_Oaks.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>French waterfall at <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_World" title="Gardens of the World">Gardens of the World</a>.</div></div></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="American Radio Archive">American Radio Archive</a>, museum dedicated to the history of radio</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pederson_House_and_Water_Tower" title="Pederson House and Water Tower">Pederson House and Water Tower</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Museum of Art (page does not exist)">California Museum of Art</a> (CMATO), art museum at <a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_(Thousand_Oaks,_California)" title="The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)">The Oaks</a> mall</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a>, museum with a replica of a Chumash village</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Art_Museum" title="Conejo Valley Art Museum">Conejo Valley Art Museum</a>, art museum at <a href="/wiki/Janss_Marketplace" title="Janss Marketplace">Janss Marketplace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Botanic_Garden" title="Conejo Valley Botanic Garden">Conejo Valley Botanic Garden</a>, 33-acre botanical garden</li>
<li>Conejo Valley High: oldest continuously used public landmark in Conejo Valley (aka <a href="/wiki/Timber_School" title="Timber School">Timber School</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dawn%27s_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn's Peak">Dawn's Peak</a>, locally known as Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_World" title="Gardens of the World">Gardens of the World</a>, botanical garden featuring <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> from various countries</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea_Ranch" title="Joel McCrea Ranch">Joel McCrea Ranch</a>, listed on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></li>
<li>Oak Creek Canyon Whole Access Interpretive Trail, 0.4-mile trail with guide cable and braille signs describing the oak grove's flora and fauna<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satwiwa" title="Satwiwa">Satwiwa Culture Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> museum at the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Boney" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Boney">Mount Boney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Country_Club" title="Sherwood Country Club">Sherwood Country Club</a>, host of <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger Wood">Tiger Woods</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/World_Challenge_(golf)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Challenge (golf)">World Challenge</a></i> from 2000 to 2013</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a>, historic hotel in <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_Shopping_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oaks Shopping Center">The Oaks Shopping Center</a>, largest shopping mall in Ventura County</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Center">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a>, home to City Hall and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Kavli_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Kavli Theatre">Fred Kavli and Janet and Ray Scherr Forum Theatres</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Community_Gallery" title="Thousand Oaks Community Gallery">Thousand Oaks Community Gallery</a>, art gallery adjacent to Newbury Park Library</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Library">Thousand Oaks Library</a>, the largest library in Ventura County</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a>, a 1,765-acre regional park</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wildlife">Wildlife</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Wildlife">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg/220px-Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg/330px-Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg/440px-Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopher-snake-wildwood-thousand-oaks-ca.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Gopher Snake in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks' fauna includes mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Mountain_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain lion">mountain lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey fox">grey fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a>, as well as smaller mammals as the <a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">striped</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">spotted skunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_raccoon" class="mw-redirect" title="California raccoon">California raccoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_opossum" title="Virginia opossum">Virginia opossum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audubon%27s_cottontail" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon's cottontail">Audubon's cottontail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">long-tailed weasel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botta%27s_pocket_gopher" title="Botta's pocket gopher">Botta's pocket gopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_cat" title="Ring-tailed cat">ring-tailed cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_vole" title="California vole">California vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_brush_rabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Western brush rabbit">western brush rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_gray_squirrel" title="Western gray squirrel">western gray squirrel</a>, and several species of rats and mice, where the most common are <a href="/wiki/Deer_mouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Deer mouse">deer mouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merriam%27s_kangaroo_rat" title="Merriam's kangaroo rat">Merriam's kangaroo rat</a>. The mountain lion can creates a hazard in suburban areas,<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a></sup> but is usually found in the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Simi_Hills" title="Simi Hills">Simi Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Mountains" title="Santa Susana Mountains">Santa Susana Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks5_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks5-279">[278]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toaks.org_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks.org-280">[279]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG/220px-Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG/330px-Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG/440px-Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Odocoileus_hemionus_6017.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer</a> are among the most common mammals in Thousand Oaks.</div></div></div>
<p>Some of the amphibians and reptiles found in Thousand Oaks include lizards such as <a href="/wiki/Side-blotched_lizard" title="Side-blotched lizard">side-blotched lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_alligator_lizard" title="Southern alligator lizard">southern alligator lizards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_fence_lizard" title="Western fence lizard">western fence lizards</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Western_pond_turtle" title="Western pond turtle">southwestern pond turtle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crawdads" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawdads">crawdads</a>, and numerous species of snake, including <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_rattlesnake" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific rattlesnake">southern Pacific rattlesnakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopher_snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopher snake">San Diego gopher snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_racer" class="mw-redirect" title="Striped racer">striped racers</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_kingsnake" title="California kingsnake">California kingsnakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_kingsnake" class="mw-redirect" title="Common kingsnake">common kingsnakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringneck_snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringneck snake">ringneck snakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_garter_snake" title="Aquatic garter snake">western aquatic garter snakes</a>. Some amphibians found in Thousand Oaks include <a href="/wiki/Ensatina" title="Ensatina">ensatina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slender_salamander" title="Slender salamander">slender salamander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_toad" title="Western toad">western toad</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_bullfrog" title="American bullfrog">American bullfrog</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_toad" title="California toad">California toad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_tree_frog" title="Pacific tree frog">Pacific tree frog</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/California_red-legged_frog" title="California red-legged frog">California red-legged frog</a>.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a> is a natural habitat for an abundance of native animals,<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a></sup> such as coyotes, hawks, crawdads, ducks, turtles, mule deer, numerous songbirds, mountain lions, several species of snakes, and numerous species of raptors.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks is home to mountain lions which can be encountered or observed in most larger open-spaces in the city. The city recommends hikers not to hike alone, and always to keep children near.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks6_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks6-283">[282]</a></sup> Mountain lions have been encountered numerous times in recent years, such as in Lynn Ranch in 2017<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn10_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn10-284">[283]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-abc7_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc7-285">[284]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Avifauna">Avifauna</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Avifauna">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>There have been observed a total of 171 bird species within the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks.org_280-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks.org-280">[279]</a></sup> The most commonly encountered avifauna include the <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_finch" title="House finch">house finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brewer%27s_blackbird" title="Brewer's blackbird">Brewer's blackbird</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_towhee" title="California towhee">California towhee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_towhee" title="Spotted towhee">spotted towhee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_titmouse" title="Oak titmouse">oak titmouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acorn_woodpecker" title="Acorn woodpecker">acorn woodpecker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_quail" title="California quail">California quail</a>. Raptor population densities in the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>, which therefore has some of the highest quantities of raptors in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks.org_280-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks.org-280">[279]</a></sup> Some of the raptors found in the City of Thousand Oaks include the <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_hawk" title="Cooper's hawk">Cooper's hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh_hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh hawk">marsh hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp-shinned_hawk" title="Sharp-shinned hawk">sharp-shinned hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-shouldered_hawk" title="Red-shouldered hawk">red-shouldered hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferruginous_hawk" title="Ferruginous hawk">ferruginous hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon hawk">pigeon hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prairie_falcon" title="Prairie falcon">prairie falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_vulture" title="Turkey vulture">turkey vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barn_owl" title="Barn owl">barn owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl">great horned owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Screech_owl" title="Screech owl">screech owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_kestrel" title="American kestrel">American kestrel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_kite" title="White-tailed kite">white-tailed kite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toaks.org_280-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toaks.org-280">[279]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Flora">Flora</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Flora">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg/220px-Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg/330px-Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg/440px-Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Eriogonum_crocatum.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i><a href="/wiki/Conejo_buckwheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo buckwheat">Conejo buckwheat</a></i> is found only on two locations in <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Thousand Oaks is home to over 100 species of plants, while 400 species can be found within 100 sq. mi. of the city. There are four endangered plant species: <a href="/wiki/Conejo_buckwheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo buckwheat">Conejo buckwheat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Monica_dudleya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Monica dudleya (page does not exist)">Santa Monica dudleya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_dudleya" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo dudleya">Conejo dudleya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyon%27s_pentachaeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon's pentachaeta">Lyon's pentachaeta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a></sup> There are between 50- and 60,000 oak trees in Thousand Oaks.<sup id="cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toacorn.com-14">[14]</a></sup> Four oak species are native to Thousand Oaks: <a href="/wiki/Valley_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley oak">valley oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coast_live_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast live oak">coast live oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrub_oak" title="Scrub oak">scrub oak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palmer%27s_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer's oak">Palmer's oak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a></sup> The city's largest oak has a trunk of 12 ft. in diameter and is located at <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a>. Thousand Oaks has the designation "<a href="/wiki/Tree_City_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree City USA">Tree City USA</a>" and has received the Trail Town USA Hall of Fame award.<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a></sup>
</p><p>Thousand Oaks is home to <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> species found nowhere else on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a></sup> The wildflower species <a href="/wiki/Conejo_buckwheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo buckwheat">Conejo buckwheat</a>, which is native to the Conejo Valley, is found only in <a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a> and near the <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Grade" title="Conejo Grade">Conejo Grade</a>. It only grows on <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> rock, and has yellow flowers which bloom April–July. It is in danger of becoming extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a></sup> Another <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> species to Thousand Oaks, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_dudleya" class="mw-redirect" title="Conejo dudleya">Conejo dudleya</a>, is found throughout the valley, including in Wildwood Regional Park and also in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a></sup>
</p><p>A notable tree is the 300-year-old "Historic Sycamore Tree",<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a></sup> which is designated <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Historic_Landmarks_%26_Points_of_Interest" title="Ventura County Historic Landmarks & Points of Interest">Ventura County Landmark</a> No. 44 and Thousand Oaks Historical Landmark No. 2. It is located at the "Tri-Village Complex" at <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a></sup>
</p><p>Native flora can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical gardens</a> throughout the city, including at <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_World" title="Gardens of the World">Gardens of the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Botanic_Garden" title="Conejo Valley Botanic Garden">Conejo Valley Botanic Garden</a>, the ethnobotanic gardens at <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum#Ethnobotany_Gardens" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a>, and along the Nature Trail at <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)#Exhibits" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a> in Newbury Park.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County,_California.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Los Angeles County, California.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="913" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Portal:Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles portal</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mostly <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Multiracial American</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> or other <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European ancestry</a></span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017052413/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc">"California Cities by Incorporation Date"</a>. California Association of <a href="/wiki/Local_Agency_Formation_Commission" title="Local Agency Formation Commission">Local Agency Formation Commissions</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Word)</span> on October 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Cities+by+Incorporation+Date&rft.pub=California+Association+of+Local+Agency+Formation+Commissions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calafco.org%2Fdocs%2FCities_by_incorp_date.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-govt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govt_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp">"City Government"</a>. Thousand Oaks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp">the original</a> on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Government&rft.pub=Thousand+Oaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fgovernment%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/shuffling-seats/">"Shuffling Seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Acorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Oaks Acorn">Thousand Oaks Acorn</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shuffling+Seats&rft.pub=Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fshuffling-seats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-swd-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swd_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swd_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html">"Statewide Database"</a>. UC Regents. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html">the original</a> on February 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statewide+Database&rft.pub=UC+Regents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatewidedatabase.org%2Fgis%2Fgis2011%2Findex_2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/CA/26">"California's 26th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map"</a>. Civic Impulse, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California%27s+26th+Congressional+District+-+Representatives+%26+District+Map&rft.pub=Civic+Impulse%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fmembers%2FCA%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_06.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1661567">"Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3Dgnispq%3A3%3A%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%3A1661567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-quif-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quif_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quif_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html">"Thousand Oaks (city) QuickFacts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920194141/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0678582.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks+%28city%29+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F06%2F0678582.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2019-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2019_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begun, Ruthanne (2006). <i>The Newburys of Newbury Park</i>. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780972523332" title="Special:BookSources/9780972523332">9780972523332</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chalquist, Craig (2008). <i>Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real</i>. Craig Chalquist. Page 275. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595514625" title="Special:BookSources/9780595514625">9780595514625</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_Page_7_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439661956" title="Special:BookSources/9781439661956">9781439661956</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toacorn.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toacorn.com_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/">"What's in a name? Everything | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/whats-in-a-name-everything/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=What%26%23039%3Bs+in+a+name%3F+Everything+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fwhats-in-a-name-everything%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801">"What's in a name? For three cities, a lot of history"</a>. <i>latimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162644/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/01/local/la-me-then-20100801">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimes&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+name%3F+For+three+cities%2C+a+lot+of+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2010%2Faug%2F01%2Flocal%2Fla-me-then-20100801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-conejovalleyguide-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks">"Voters Chose to Incorporate the City of Thousand Oaks Over the City of Conejo in a September 29, 1964 Special Election — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events"</a>. <i>conejovalleyguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075016/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/voters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejovalleyguide.com&rft.atitle=Voters+Chose+to+Incorporate+the+City+of+Thousand+Oaks+Over+the+City+of+Conejo+in+a+September+29%2C+1964+Special+Election+%E2%80%94+Conejo+Valley+Guide+%26%23124%3B+Conejo+Valley+Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fwelcome%2Fvoters-chose-to-incorporate-the-city-of-thousand-oaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_13_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications</i>. Page 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley, David S. (1996). <i>A Guide to Rock Art Sites: Southern California and Southern Nevada</i>. Mountain Press Publishing. Pages 175-176. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878423323" title="Special:BookSources/9780878423323">9780878423323</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riedel, Allen (2008). <i>100 Classic Hikes in Southern California: San Bernardino National Forest, Angeles National Forest, Santa Lucia Mountains, Big Sur and the Sierras</i>. The Mountaineers Books. Page 118. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781594851254" title="Special:BookSources/9781594851254">9781594851254</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). <i>The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo</i>. California Lutheran College. Page 93.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam (2002). <i>Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 9. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8">0-9725233-0-8</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, Norma E. (1994). <i>Santa Barbara & Ventura Counties</i>. Automobile Club of Southern California. Page 176. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781564131867" title="Special:BookSources/9781564131867">9781564131867</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). <i>The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo</i>. California Lutheran College. Pages 58-59.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf">"Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent of Chumash Peoples in the Channel Islands and the Santa Monica Mountains"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095214/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+Affiliation+and+Lineal+Descent+of+Chumash+Peoples+in+the+Channel+Islands+and+the+Santa+Monica+Mountains&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fchis%2Fchumash.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span> (Page 82).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf">"Appendix C: Historic Resources Report and Peer Review"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002703/http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+C%3A+Historic+Resources+Report+and+Peer+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcamarillo-smart-growth.org%2Fdocs%2FAppendix%2520C%2520-%2520Historic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span> (Page 6).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1#page-3">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080601/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1">Archived</a> March 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Pages 173–175).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). <i>The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo</i>. California Lutheran College. Page 20.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). <i>The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo</i>. California Lutheran College. Page 29.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldman, Carl (2014). <i>Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes</i>. Infobase Publishing. Page 72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438110103" title="Special:BookSources/9781438110103">9781438110103</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/">"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database"</a>. <i>pubs.usgs.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110453/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pubs.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Geologic+Map+of+the+Thousand+Oaks+7.5%27+Quadrangle%2C+Southern+California%3A+A+Digital+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F1995%2Fof95-088%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). <i>Conejo Valley</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439624999" title="Special:BookSources/9781439624999">9781439624999</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam (2002). <i>Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 21. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8">0-9725233-0-8</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_7_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). <i>Conejo Valley</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738580395" title="Special:BookSources/9780738580395">9780738580395</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Brien,_Tricia_2017-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brien,_Tricia_2017_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467125697" title="Special:BookSources/9781467125697">9781467125697</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 23. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). <i>Conejo Valley</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 119. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738580395" title="Special:BookSources/9780738580395">9780738580395</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begun, Ruthanne (2006). <i>The Newburys of Newbury Park</i>. Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 48. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780972523332" title="Special:BookSources/9780972523332">9780972523332</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-conejovalleyguide2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html">"Building of the Norwegian Grade from Conejo Valley to Camarillo 1909 to 1911 — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events"</a>. <i>conejovalleyguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050244/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/building-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejovalleyguide.com&rft.atitle=Building+of+the+Norwegian+Grade+from+Conejo+Valley+to+Camarillo+1909+to+1911+%E2%80%94+Conejo+Valley+Guide+%26%23124%3B+Conejo+Valley+Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fwelcome%2Fbuilding-of-the-norwegian-grade-from-conejo-valley-to-camari.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-vcstar-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html">"Norwegian Grade, built by hand, is turning 100"</a>. <i>archive.vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012126/http://archive.vcstar.com/lifestyle/norwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Norwegian+Grade%2C+built+by+hand%2C+is+turning+100&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Flifestyle%2Fnorwegian-grade-built-by-hand-is-turning-100-ep-367526892-347951021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-callutheran-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-callutheran_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html">"Cal Lutheran at a Glance"</a>. <i>Cal Lutheran</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921045702/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/quick-facts.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cal+Lutheran&rft.atitle=Cal+Lutheran+at+a+Glance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.callutheran.edu%2Fabout%2Fquick-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439661956" title="Special:BookSources/9781439661956">9781439661956</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 31. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hekhuis,_Mary_1984_Page_27_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hekhuis, Mary (1984). <i>California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 27.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cluecho.com-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cluecho.com_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cluecho.com_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/">"Living in one of Hollywood's best-kept secrets"</a>. <i>The Echo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917125507/https://www.cluecho.com/2012/11/living-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Echo&rft.atitle=Living+in+one+of+Hollywood%27s+best-kept+secrets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cluecho.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fliving-in-one-of-hollywoods-best-kept-secrets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schroeder, Anne (2000). <i>Branches on the Conejo: Leaving the Soil After Five Generations</i>. Russell Dean & Company. Page 86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781891954993" title="Special:BookSources/9781891954993">9781891954993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Triem, Judith P. (1990). <i>Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune</i>. EZ Nature Books. Pages 114-115. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092162" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092162">9780945092162</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCormack, Don (2000). <i>Santa Barbara and Ventura 2001</i>. Mccormacks Guides. Page 116. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929365203" title="Special:BookSources/9781929365203">9781929365203</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 85. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). <i>Conejo Valley</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 56. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738580395" title="Special:BookSources/9780738580395">9780738580395</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-junglelandskates-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-junglelandskates_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.junglelandskates.com/History.html">"History - The Beginning"</a>. <i>junglelandskates.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=junglelandskates.com&rft.atitle=History+-+The+Beginning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.junglelandskates.com%2FHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-stagecoachinnmuseum-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stagecoachinnmuseum_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/">"Stagecoach Inn Detail"</a>. <i>Stagecoach Inn Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925180639/https://stagecoachinnmuseum.com/stagecoach-inn-detail/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stagecoach+Inn+Museum&rft.atitle=Stagecoach+Inn+Detail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstagecoachinnmuseum.com%2Fstagecoach-inn-detail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Pages_82-83_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Pages 82-83. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 41. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_83_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 83. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bidwell,_Carol_A._1989_Page_111_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 128. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_7_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). <i>Jungleland</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738574448" title="Special:BookSources/9780738574448">9780738574448</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Pages 39-40. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467125697" title="Special:BookSources/9781467125697">9781467125697</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-conejovalleyguide.com-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide.com_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks">"The Story of Jungleland in Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events"</a>. <i>conejovalleyguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075146/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/the-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejovalleyguide.com&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+Jungleland+in+Thousand+Oaks+%E2%80%94+Conejo+Valley+Guide+%26%23124%3B+Conejo+Valley+Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fwelcome%2Fthe-story-of-jungleland-in-thousand-oaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2011_Page_8_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2011). <i>Jungleland</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738574448" title="Special:BookSources/9780738574448">9780738574448</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467125697" title="Special:BookSources/9781467125697">9781467125697</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJones2013" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Ed (October 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html">"Ed Jones: How parks grew in the Conejo Valley"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623153300/http://www.vcstar.com/news/ed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Ed+Jones%3A+How+parks+grew+in+the+Conejo+Valley&rft.date=2013-10-27&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Fed-jones-how-parks-grew-in-the-conejo-valley-ep-292232899-351577421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Acorn20110908-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Acorn20110908_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKuperberg2011" class="citation news cs1">Kuperberg, Jonathan (September 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324112915/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html">"Which Westlake?"</a>. <i>Thousand Oaks Acorn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toacorn.com/news/2011-09-08/Front_Page/Which_Westlake.html">the original</a> on March 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft.atitle=Which+Westlake%3F&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft.aulast=Kuperberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Fnews%2F2011-09-08%2FFront_Page%2FWhich_Westlake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Top vote-getters win 4-year terms", <i>Oxnard Press-Courier</i>, October 3, 1964</span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Pages 54-55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications</i>. Page 54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-conejovalleyguide3-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide3_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conejovalleyguide3_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html">"Forty-Seven Things to Do In Thousand Oaks — Conejo Valley Guide | Conejo Valley Events"</a>. <i>conejovalleyguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606170249/https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/forty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejovalleyguide.com&rft.atitle=Forty-Seven+Things+to+Do+In+Thousand+Oaks+%E2%80%94+Conejo+Valley+Guide+%26%23124%3B+Conejo+Valley+Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fwelcome%2Fforty-seven-things-to-do-in-thousand-oaks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar2_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/">"Casa Conejo resident hopes to foster sense of community with signs"</a>. <i>archive.vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930083938/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/casa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html/">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Casa+Conejo+resident+hopes+to+foster+sense+of+community+with+signs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Fcasa-conejo-resident-hopes-to-foster-sense-of-community-with-signs-ep-292456648-351642681.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maulhardt,_Jeffrey_Wayne_2010_Page_55_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). <i>Conejo Valley</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738580395" title="Special:BookSources/9780738580395">9780738580395</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-wlv-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wlv_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?nid=116">"Westlake Village, CA - Official Website - City History"</a>. <i>wlv.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029200632/http://www.wlv.org/index.aspx?NID=116">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wlv.org&rft.atitle=Westlake+Village%2C+CA+-+Official+Website+-+City+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlv.org%2Findex.aspx%3Fnid%3D116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/">"'Which Westlake?' | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. September 8, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/which-westlake/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=%26%23039%3BWhich+Westlake%3F%26%23039%3B+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fwhich-westlake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn2-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn2_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/">"North Ranch residents upset with proposal to build 14 luxury homes | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. November 8, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/north-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=North+Ranch+residents+upset+with+proposal+to+build+14+luxury+homes+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fnorth-ranch-residents-upset-with-proposal-to-build-14-luxury-homes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kern, Harvey and David E. Ross (2012). <i>Oak Park</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738595382" title="Special:BookSources/9780738595382">9780738595382</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-VCS_20160614-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VCS_20160614_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLeung2016" class="citation news cs1">Leung, Wendy (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html">"Thousand Oaks commission backs plan for more housing on main thoroughfare"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160615111952/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+commission+backs+plan+for+more+housing+on+main+thoroughfare&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Leung&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fconejo-valley%2Fthousand-oaks-commission-backs-plan-for-more-housing-on-main-thoroughfare-3533503e-0331-62fa-e053-01-382894211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-VCS_20160713-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VCS_20160713_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VCS_20160713_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCovarrubias2016" class="citation news cs1">Covarrubias, Amanda (July 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html">"Thousand Oaks council adjusts boulevard plan, names interim city manager"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714151631/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+council+adjusts+boulevard+plan%2C+names+interim+city+manager&rft.date=2016-07-12&rft.aulast=Covarrubias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fconejo-valley%2Fthousand-oaks-council-adjusts-boulevard-plan-names-interim-city-manager-3778005f-0774-222a-e053-0100-386573721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath, Rachel (October 16, 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692">"Thousand Oaks council OKs Los Feliz apartments"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018072428/http://www.vcstar.com/news/price-of-paradise/thousand-oaks-council-oks-los-feliz-apartments_02952692">Archived</a> October 18, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401144546/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd">"L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd">the original</a> on April 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L.A.+Rams+training+moving+to+Cal+Lutheran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therams.com%2Fnews-and-events%2Farticle-1%2FLA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran%2Fc0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site">"Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site"</a>. <i>NFL.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NFL.com&rft.atitle=Rams+choose+Cal+Lutheran+for+temporary+training+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0ap3000000648936%2Farticle%2Frams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDel_RealMullanyGoldman2018" class="citation news cs1">Del Real, Jose A.; Mullany, Gerry; Goldman, Russell (November 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/us/shooting-california-thousand-oaks.html">"Gunman Kills at Least 12 at Thousand Oaks Bar"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunman+Kills+at+Least+12+at+Thousand+Oaks+Bar&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft.aulast=Del+Real&rft.aufirst=Jose+A.&rft.au=Mullany%2C+Gerry&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F08%2Fus%2Fshooting-california-thousand-oaks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGazzar2019" class="citation news cs1">Gazzar, Brenda (June 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynews.com/proposed-borderline-shooting-memorial-design-set-to-be-unveiled-before-thousand-oaks-city-council">"Borderline shooting memorial design set to be unveiled before Thousand Oaks City Council"</a>. <i>Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Borderline+shooting+memorial+design+set+to+be+unveiled+before+Thousand+Oaks+City+Council&rft.date=2019-06-25&rft.aulast=Gazzar&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.com%2Fproposed-borderline-shooting-memorial-design-set-to-be-unveiled-before-thousand-oaks-city-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Mike (July 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/07/06/borderline-owner-hynes-has-up-and-downs-never-get-over-shooting-thousand-oaks/1620838001/">"Borderline co-owner Hynes has ups and downs, doesn't think he'll get over Nov. 7 shooting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Borderline+co-owner+Hynes+has+ups+and+downs%2C+doesn%27t+think+he%27ll+get+over+Nov.+7+shooting&rft.date=2019-07-06&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2019%2F07%2F06%2Fborderline-owner-hynes-has-up-and-downs-never-get-over-shooting-thousand-oaks%2F1620838001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPaulson2019" class="citation news cs1">Paulson, Terry (February 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/opinion/editorials/2019/02/25/thousand-oaks-shows-love-can-defeat-westboros-hateful-messages/2955236002/">"Thousand Oaks shows love can defeat Westboro's hateful messages"</a>. <i>Ventura County Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+shows+love+can+defeat+Westboro%27s+hateful+messages&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2F2019%2F02%2F25%2Fthousand-oaks-shows-love-can-defeat-westboros-hateful-messages%2F2955236002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kath_2011_Page_45-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kath_2011_Page_45_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kath_2011_Page_45_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kath, Laura and Pamela Price (2011). <i>Fun with the Family Southern California: Hundreds of Ideas for Day Trips with the Kids</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 45. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762774753" title="Special:BookSources/9780762774753">9780762774753</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-callutheran2-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-callutheran2_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html">"Thousand Oaks - Undergraduate Admission"</a>. <i>Cal Lutheran</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064631/https://www.callutheran.edu/admission/undergraduate/visit/thousand-oaks.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cal+Lutheran&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+-+Undergraduate+Admission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.callutheran.edu%2Fadmission%2Fundergraduate%2Fvisit%2Fthousand-oaks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuttle, Tom (1988). <i>Ventura County Companion</i>. EZ Nature Books. Page 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092025" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092025">9780945092025</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Triem, Judith P. (1985). <i>Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune: An Illustrated History</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 114. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897811569" title="Special:BookSources/9780897811569">9780897811569</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_119-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_119_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCormack, Don (1999). <i>McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000</i>. Mccormacks Guides. Page 119. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929365098" title="Special:BookSources/9781929365098">9781929365098</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-toaks-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toaks_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space">"Trails & Open Space | Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064605/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=Trails+%26+Open+Space+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcommunity-development%2Ftrails-open-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm#Santa">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209163754/http://conejo-openspace.org/open_space_areas_in_TO.htm">Archived</a> February 9, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/welcome/tell-me-a-little-bit-about-newbury-park.html">"Tell Me a Little Bit About Newbury Park"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tell+Me+a+Little+Bit+About+Newbury+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fwelcome%2Ftell-me-a-little-bit-about-newbury-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GR1-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR1_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. February 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files%3A+2010%2C+2000%2C+and+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rochester, Teresa (March 27, 2014) "Diversity will shape Thousand Oaks' future" <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCormack, Don (1999). <i>McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000</i>. Mccormacks Guides. Page 120. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929365098" title="Special:BookSources/9781929365098">9781929365098</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong, Kathy (2011). <i>Southern California Off the Beaten Path: A Guide to Unique Places. Rowman & Littlefield</i>. Page 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762774784" title="Special:BookSources/9780762774784">9780762774784</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf">"Seismic Hazard Zone Report for the Thousand Oaks 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070943/http://gmw.conservation.ca.gov/SHP/EZRIM/Reports/SHZR/SHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seismic+Hazard+Zone+Report+for+the+Thousand+Oaks+7.5-minute+Quadrangle%2C+Ventura+and+Los+Angeles+Counties%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgmw.conservation.ca.gov%2FSHP%2FEZRIM%2FReports%2FSHZR%2FSHZR_042_Thousand_Oaks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span> (Pages 5-6).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate">"Thousand Oaks, California, USA - Discover World"</a>. <i>www.discoverworld.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071723/https://www.discoverworld.com/United-States-of-America/California/Ventura-County/Thousand-Oaks:Climate">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.discoverworld.com&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California%2C+USA+-+Discover+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverworld.com%2FUnited-States-of-America%2FCalifornia%2FVentura-County%2FThousand-Oaks%3AClimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_26-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_26_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781581920611" title="Special:BookSources/9781581920611">9781581920611</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherforyou.com/reports/index.php?forecast=pass&pass=normals&zipcode=91358&place=thousand+oaks&state=ca&country=us&hwvRMon=Jan">"Thousand Oaks, California, United States (91358)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California%2C+United+States+%2891358%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherforyou.com%2Freports%2Findex.php%3Fforecast%3Dpass%26pass%3Dnormals%26zipcode%3D91358%26place%3Dthousand%2Boaks%26state%3Dca%26country%3Dus%26hwvRMon%3DJan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/8822beff90baa667290ffa29247bbb8c165507fdcc924239cf7ff4f54186d476">"Thousand Oaks, CA Monthly Weather"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA+Monthly+Weather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.com%2Fweather%2Fmonthly%2Fl%2F8822beff90baa667290ffa29247bbb8c165507fdcc924239cf7ff4f54186d476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climate-charts.com/USA-Stations/CA/USC00048904.html">"Thousand Oaks, California: Climate and Daylight Charts and Data"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California%3A+Climate+and+Daylight+Charts+and+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate-charts.com%2FUSA-Stations%2FCA%2FUSC00048904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCormack,_Don_1999_Page_121_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCormack, Don (1999). <i>McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000</i>. Mccormacks Guides. Page 121. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929365098" title="Special:BookSources/9781929365098">9781929365098</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582">"2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Thousand Oaks city"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117114255/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678582">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Census+Interactive+Population+Search%3A+CA+%E2%80%93+Thousand+Oaks+city&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F2010census%2Fpopmap%2Fipmtext.php%3Ffl%3D06%3A0678582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-census-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-neighborhoodscout-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neighborhoodscout_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics">"Thousand Oaks, CA Demographics and Population Statistics"</a>. <i>NeighborhoodScout</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000946/https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ca/thousand-oaks/demographics">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NeighborhoodScout&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA+Demographics+and+Population+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighborhoodscout.com%2Fca%2Fthousand-oaks%2Fdemographics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317123410/http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp">"City Government"</a>. Thousand Oaks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/government/default.asp">the original</a> on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Government&rft.pub=Thousand+Oaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fgovernment%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mitnick-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitnick_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarris2016" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Mike (July 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html">"Thousand Oaks City Manager Scott Mitnick fired"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225816/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/thousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+City+Manager+Scott+Mitnick+fired&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fconejo-valley%2Fthousand-oaks-city-manager-scott-mitnick-fired-37242e77-9069-0b1c-e053-0100007fbf19-386081941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toaks1-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toaks1_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toaks1_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=23457">City of Thousand Oaks 2019 CAFR</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar3-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar3_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/">"Interim T.O. city manager hired permanently"</a>. <i>vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113183155/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/01/11/interim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager/96447462/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Interim+T.O.+city+manager+hired+permanently&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2017%2F01%2F11%2Finterim-thousand-oaks-city-manager-hired-city-manager%2F96447462%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C">City of Thousand Oaks (1984). <i>20 Years: Thousand Oaks</i>. Ventura Printing. Page 11-12.</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C">City of Thousand Oaks (1984). <i>20 Years: Thousand Oaks</i>. Ventura Printing. Page 12-13.</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCovarrubias2016" class="citation news cs1">Covarrubias, Amanda (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html">"Advocates for Thousand Oaks Boulevard plan see chance to revitalize commercial corridor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719062058/http://www.vcstar.com/news/special/paradise/advocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Advocates+for+Thousand+Oaks+Boulevard+plan+see+chance+to+revitalize+commercial+corridor&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft.aulast=Covarrubias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Fparadise%2Fadvocates-for-thousand-oaks-boulevard-plan-see-chance-to-revitalize-commercial-corridor-378b8e80-9f3-387033681.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gold, Scott (July 18, 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html">"Thousand Oaks redevelopment sparks public outcry to save the trees"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140720035435/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-thousand-oaks-20140719-story.html">Archived</a> July 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rochester, Teresa (June 4, 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys">"Thousand Oaks needs new revenue to complete ring of green"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150605075443/http://www.vcstar.com/news/thousand-oaks-will-need-new-revenue-complete-citys">Archived</a> June 5, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1991" class="citation web cs1">Weiss, Kenneth R. (October 27, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211065419/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Reagan+Country%27+Gets+Put+on+Map+%3A+Library%3A+Simi+Valley%2C+where+presidential+center+will+open+Nov.+4%2C+is+a+predominantly+Anglo+bedroom+community+of+white-collar+workers+who+make+up+the+core+of+his+constituency.&rft.date=1991-10-27&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1991-10-27%2Fnews%2Fmn-1031_1_simi-valley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Here Publishing (2004). <i>The Advocate No. 917, June 22, 2004</i>. Page 43. ISSN 0001-8996.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-lat20000219-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lat20000219_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKelley2000" class="citation web cs1">Kelley, Daryl (February 19, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485">"GOP Widens Lead in Registered Voters Within Ventura County"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211025521/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/19/local/me-485">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=GOP+Widens+Lead+in+Registered+Voters+Within+Ventura+County&rft.date=2000-02-19&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2000%2Ffeb%2F19%2Flocal%2Fme-485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-countyofventura-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-countyofventura_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf">"District Registration by Party"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. October 24, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011091450/http://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Nov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Registration+by+Party&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frecorder.countyofventura.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F10%2FNov2014-15-Day-Close-of-Reg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congressional Quarterly Inc. (2007). <i>Congressional Districts: A Portrait of America</i>. Page 93. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87187-722-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87187-722-2">978-0-87187-722-2</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131015010/http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html">"Voters register for election – January 11, 2008 – www.mpacorn.com – Moorpark Acorn"</a>. <i>mpacorn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpacorn.com/news/2008-01-11/front_page/005.html">the original</a> on January 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mpacorn.com&rft.atitle=Voters+register+for+election+%E2%80%93+January+11%2C+2008+%E2%80%93+www.mpacorn.com+%E2%80%93+Moorpark+Acorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpacorn.com%2Fnews%2F2008-01-11%2Ffront_page%2F005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/154day-stwddirprim-2018/politicalsub.pdf">"Report of Registration County Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. County of Ventura. October 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108214638/https://recorder.countyofventura.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ventura-County-15-Day-Report-of-Registration-Summary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+Registration+County+Summary&rft.pub=County+of+Ventura&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.cdn.sos.ca.gov%2Fror%2F154day-stwddirprim-2018%2Fpoliticalsub.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWEISS1991" class="citation web cs1">WEISS, KENNETH R. (October 27, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-27/news/mn-1031_1_simi-valley">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Reagan Country' Gets Put on Map : Library: Simi Valley, where presidential center will open Nov. 4, is a predominantly Anglo bedroom community of white-collar workers who make up the core of his constituency"</a> – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Reagan+Country%27+Gets+Put+on+Map+%3A+Library%3A+Simi+Valley%2C+where+presidential+center+will+open+Nov.+4%2C+is+a+predominantly+Anglo+bedroom+community+of+white-collar+workers+who+make+up+the+core+of+his+constituency.&rft.date=1991-10-27&rft.aulast=WEISS&rft.aufirst=KENNETH+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1991-10-27%2Fnews%2Fmn-1031_1_simi-valley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2011/08/rubio-wows-them-in-reagan-country-061956">"Rubio wows them in Reagan country"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rubio+wows+them+in+Reagan+country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2011%2F08%2Frubio-wows-them-in-reagan-country-061956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-callutheran3-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-callutheran3_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s">"History"</a>. <i>Cal Lutheran</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032208/https://www.callutheran.edu/about/history/#70s">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cal+Lutheran&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.callutheran.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F%2370s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nphs-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nphs_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm">"President Bush Visits Newbury Park"</a>. <i>nphs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040818214624/http://www.nphs.org/news/pres-visit/pres2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nphs.org&rft.atitle=President+Bush+Visits+Newbury+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nphs.org%2Fnews%2Fpres-visit%2Fpres2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-malibutimes-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-malibutimes_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html">"Presidential visit to Santa Monica Mountains creates controversy | News"</a>. <i>malibutimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/http://www.malibutimes.com/news/article_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=malibutimes.com&rft.atitle=Presidential+visit+to+Santa+Monica+Mountains+creates+controversy+%26%23124%3B+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malibutimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_b65ff2ad-1611-5db0-95b5-974db127af1a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). <i>Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 121. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802841216" title="Special:BookSources/9780802841216">9780802841216</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Pages 128–129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuttle, Tom (1988). <i>Ventura County Companion</i>. EZ Nature Books. Page 67. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092025" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092025">9780945092025</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes2-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes2_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs">"3 New Leases Signed at Mall"</a>. <i>latimes</i>. May 19, 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006115158/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-19/business/fi-289_1_recent-signs">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimes&rft.atitle=3+New+Leases+Signed+at+Mall&rft.date=1992-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1992-05-19%2Fbusiness%2Ffi-289_1_recent-signs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467125697" title="Special:BookSources/9781467125697">9781467125697</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Triem, Judith P. (1990). <i>Ventura County: Land of Good Fortune</i>. EZ Nature Books. Pages 216-217. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092162" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092162">9780945092162</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-vcstar4-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar4_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/">"Conejo Valley sees signs of becoming biotech mecca"</a>. <i>archive.vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052352/http://archive.vcstar.com/business/conejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+sees+signs+of+becoming+biotech+mecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Fbusiness%2Fconejo-valley-sees-signs-of-becoming-biotech-mecca-ep-362767827-351873251.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cbsnews-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbsnews_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/">"Americas richest cities in 2013 - Americas richest cities in 2013"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052222/https://www.cbsnews.com/media/americas-richest-cities-in-2013/5/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Americas+richest+cities+in+2013+-+Americas+richest+cities+in+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fmedia%2Famericas-richest-cities-in-2013%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ocregister-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocregister_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/">"Five Orange County cities ranked among nation's 20 wealthiest – Orange County Register"</a>. <i>ocregister.com</i>. May 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128172102/https://www.ocregister.com/2016/05/24/five-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest/">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ocregister.com&rft.atitle=Five+Orange+County+cities+ranked+among+nation%27s+20+wealthiest+%26%238211%3B+Orange+County+Register&rft.date=2016-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2F2016%2F05%2F24%2Ffive-orange-county-cities-ranked-among-nations-20-wealthiest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Mike (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/09/20/new-regs-aim-help-grow-biotech-sector-thousand-oaks-home-amgen/2344845001/">"Home of Amgen, Thousand Oaks puts out welcome mat for similar biotech businesses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Home+of+Amgen%2C+Thousand+Oaks+puts+out+welcome+mat+for+similar+biotech+businesses&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2019%2F09%2F20%2Fnew-regs-aim-help-grow-biotech-sector-thousand-oaks-home-amgen%2F2344845001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, Richard (2015). <i>Directory of Corporate Counsel: 2015–2016 Edition</i>. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. Page 1248. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781454856535" title="Special:BookSources/9781454856535">9781454856535</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sagepub-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sagepub_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us">"Contact Us | SAGE Publications Inc"</a>. <i>us.sagepub.com</i>. April 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171127000124/https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/contact-us">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=us.sagepub.com&rft.atitle=Contact+Us+%26%23124%3B+SAGE+Publications+Inc&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.sagepub.com%2Fen-us%2Fnam%2Fcontact-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros, Christine L. (2002). <i>Los Angeles Job Bank</i>. Adams Media. Page 144. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580628198" title="Special:BookSources/9781580628198">9781580628198</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-neftinvw-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neftinvw_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca">"Contact Neftin Volkswagen in Thousand Oaks California"</a>. <i>neftinvw.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021135001/http://www.neftinvw.com/contact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=neftinvw.com&rft.atitle=Contact+Neftin+Volkswagen+in+Thousand+Oaks+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neftinvw.com%2Fcontact-neftin-volkswagen-in-thousand-oaks-ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-audiwestlake-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-audiwestlake_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm">"Rusnak/Westlake Audi | New Audi dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362"</a>. <i>audiwestlake.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045215/https://www.audiwestlake.com/contact.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=audiwestlake.com&rft.atitle=Rusnak%2FWestlake+Audi+%26%23124%3B+New+Audi+dealership+in+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA+91362&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiwestlake.com%2Fcontact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rusnakbmw-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rusnakbmw_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm">"Rusnak BMW | New BMW dealership in Thousand Oaks, CA 91362"</a>. <i>rusnakbmw.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044842/https://www.rusnakbmw.com/contact.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rusnakbmw.com&rft.atitle=Rusnak+BMW+%26%23124%3B+New+BMW+dealership+in+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA+91362&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusnakbmw.com%2Fcontact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250">"City of Thousand Oaks, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911080340/http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=1250">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Thousand+Oaks%2C+California+Comprehensive+Annual+Financial+Report+Fiscal+Year+Ended+June+30%2C+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fhome%2Fshowdocument%3Fid%3D1250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span> (Page 160)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-conejovalley-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conejovalley_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conejovalley.com/business/conejovalleyemployers.html">"Conejo Valley - The Conejo Valley's Largest Employers"</a>. <i>conejovalley.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejovalley.com&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+-+The+Conejo+Valley%27s+Largest+Employers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconejovalley.com%2Fbusiness%2Fconejovalleyemployers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chalquist, Craig (2008). <i>Deep California: Images and Ironies of Cross and Sword on El Camino Real</i>. Craig Chalquist. Page 279. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780595514625" title="Special:BookSources/9780595514625">9780595514625</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm">Contact Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614112021/http://www.jdpower.com/about/contact-us.htm">Archived</a> June 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/J._D._Power_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="J. D. Power and Associates">J. D. Power and Associates</a>. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">Thousand Oaks city, California</a>." <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3">Ventura County; IN BRIEF / THOUSAND OAKS; J.D. Power Moving to New Headquarters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150130074922/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/11/local/me-vnbriefs11.3">Archived</a> January 30, 2015, at Wikiwix." <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. April 11, 2002. B3. Retrieved on August 22, 2009.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx">Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce accreditation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801112344/http://www.conejochamber.org/accredidation.aspx">Archived</a> August 1, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Mike (May 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2019/05/15/thousand-oaks-city-council-allow-marijuana-deliveries-recreational-medicinal/1170367001/">"Under state dictate, Thousand Oaks to begrudgingly regulate marijuana deliveries in city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Under+state+dictate%2C+Thousand+Oaks+to+begrudgingly+regulate+marijuana+deliveries+in+city&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2019%2F05%2F15%2Fthousand-oaks-city-council-allow-marijuana-deliveries-recreational-medicinal%2F1170367001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-zillow-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zillow_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/">"Thousand Oaks CA Home Prices & Home Values"</a>. <i>Zillow</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713182344/https://www.zillow.com/thousand-oaks-ca/home-values/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zillow&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+CA+Home+Prices+%26amp%3B+Home+Values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zillow.com%2Fthousand-oaks-ca%2Fhome-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-businessinsider-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-businessinsider_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8">"How much it costs to buy a home in the 15 safest cities in America"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024051615/http://www.businessinsider.com/safest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+much+it+costs+to+buy+a+home+in+the+15+safest+cities+in+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsafest-us-cities-home-prices-2017-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCormack, Don (1999). <i>McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000</i>. Mccormacks Guides. Page 106. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781929365098" title="Special:BookSources/9781929365098">9781929365098</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/home/showdocument?id=17130">Page 162</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn3-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn3_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/">"Conejo Valley Art Museum is alive and well | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+Art+Museum+is+alive+and+well+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fconejo-valley-art-museum-is-alive-and-well%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith-Llera, Danielle (2016). <i>The Chumash: The Past and Present of California's Seashell People</i>. Capstone. Page 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781515702375" title="Special:BookSources/9781515702375">9781515702375</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuttle, Tom (1988). <i>Ventura County Companion</i>. EZ Nature Books. Pages 104-106. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092025" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092025">9780945092025</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes3-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes3_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2">"Museums, Festivals, Classes Open Door to Learning Indian History - Page 2"</a>. <i>latimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151008002511/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-03-10/news/vw-1882_1_american-indian-festival/2">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimes&rft.atitle=Museums%2C+Festivals%2C+Classes+Open+Door+to+Learning+Indian+History+-+Page+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1990-03-10%2Fnews%2Fvw-1882_1_american-indian-festival%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sterling, Christopher H. and Cary O'Dell (2009). <i>The Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio</i>. Routledge. Page 472. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415995337" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415995337">978-0415995337</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolibrary.org/research/special-collections-home/american-radio-archives">"American Radio Archives - Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>www.tolibrary.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tolibrary.org&rft.atitle=American+Radio+Archives+-+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolibrary.org%2Fresearch%2Fspecial-collections-home%2Famerican-radio-archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toaks2-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toaks2_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340">"Civic Arts Plaza | Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110547/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/civic-arts-plaza-3340">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=Civic+Arts+Plaza+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcultural-affairs%2Fcivic-arts-plaza-3340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes4-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes4_170-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html">"The L.A. Times music blog"</a>. <i>latimesblogs.latimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154357/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/10/this-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimesblogs.latimes.com&rft.atitle=The+L.A.+Times+music+blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fmusic_blog%2F2009%2F10%2Fthis-weeks-onsales-lady-gaga-willie-nelson-bebel-gilberto-and-more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-simivalleyacorn-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-simivalleyacorn_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simivalleyacorn.com/articles/anka-delivers-classic-tunes-at-kavli-theatre/">"Anka delivers classic tunes at Kavli Theatre"</a>. <i>Simi Valley Acorn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Simi+Valley+Acorn&rft.atitle=Anka+delivers+classic+tunes+at+Kavli+Theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simivalleyacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fanka-delivers-classic-tunes-at-kavli-theatre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar5-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar5_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/2017/03/15/vince-gill-talks-life-loss-and-touring-lovett/99185148/">"Vince Gill talks life, loss and touring with Lovett"</a>. <i>vcstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Vince+Gill+talks+life%2C+loss+and+touring+with+Lovett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2F2017%2F03%2F15%2Fvince-gill-talks-life-loss-and-touring-lovett%2F99185148%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-noozhawk-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noozhawk_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson">"Gerald Carpenter: Kris Kristofferson To Touch and Go at Thousand Oaks Concert | Arts & Entertainment"</a>. <i>Noozhawk.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154417/https://www.noozhawk.com/article/092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noozhawk.com&rft.atitle=Gerald+Carpenter%3A+Kris+Kristofferson+To+Touch+and+Go+at+Thousand+Oaks+Concert+%26%23124%3B+Arts+%26amp%3B+Entertainment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noozhawk.com%2Farticle%2F092510_gerald_carpenter_kris_kristofferson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar6-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar6_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/02/15/two-peter-paul-and-mary-trio-continue-tour-thousand-oaks/97954398/">"Two of Peter, Paul and Mary trio continue tour in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i>vcstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Two+of+Peter%2C+Paul+and+Mary+trio+continue+tour+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2017%2F02%2F15%2Ftwo-peter-paul-and-mary-trio-continue-tour-thousand-oaks%2F97954398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781581920611" title="Special:BookSources/9781581920611">9781581920611</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuttle, Tom (1988). <i>Ventura County Companion</i>. EZ Nature Books. Page 98. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092025" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092025">9780945092025</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuttle, Tom (1988). <i>Ventura County Companion</i>. EZ Nature Books. Pages 98-100. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945092025" title="Special:BookSources/9780945092025">9780945092025</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-hillcrestarts-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hillcrestarts_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about">"Hillcrest Center for the Arts About Us"</a>. <i>hillcrestarts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001053955/http://www.hillcrestarts.com/about">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hillcrestarts.com&rft.atitle=Hillcrest+Center+for+the+Arts+About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hillcrestarts.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toaks3-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toaks3_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries">"Galleries | Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154211/http://www.toaks.org/departments/cultural-affairs/galleries">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=Galleries+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcultural-affairs%2Fgalleries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hekhuis, Mary (1984). <i>California Lutheran College: The First Quarter-Century</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: California Lutheran College Press. Page 56.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oakheartcmf.com/">"OakHeart Country Music Festival"</a>. <i>OakHeart Country Music Festival</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OakHeart+Country+Music+Festival&rft.atitle=OakHeart+Country+Music+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oakheartcmf.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.oakheartcmf.com/history-of-oakheart?lightbox=dataItem-iitduh3t">https://www.oakheartcmf.com/history-of-oakheart?lightbox=dataItem-iitduh3t</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.conejovalleypride.com">https://www.conejovalleypride.com</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theacorn.com/articles/conejo-valley-fest-will-share-its-pride/">"Conejo Valley fest will share its pride"</a>. <i>The Acorn</i>. September 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Acorn&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+fest+will+share+its+pride&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fconejo-valley-fest-will-share-its-pride%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAlicia_Doyle2018" class="citation web cs1">Alicia Doyle (August 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/08/09/2-events-celebrate-ventura-countys-lgbtq-community/885731002/">"2 events celebrate Ventura County's LGBTQ community"</a>. <i>Vcstar.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vcstar.com&rft.atitle=2+events+celebrate+Ventura+County%27s+LGBTQ+community&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.au=Alicia+Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2018%2F08%2F09%2F2-events-celebrate-ventura-countys-lgbtq-community%2F885731002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/filled-with-pride/">"Filled with pride"</a>. <i>Toacorn.com</i>. September 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Filled+with+pride&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Ffilled-with-pride%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131526/http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/">"CONEJO VALLEY PRIDE: Creating Community Through Visibility"</a>. <i>Rage Monthly</i>. September 12, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ragemonthly.com/2018/09/12/conejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility/">the original</a> on November 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rage+Monthly&rft.atitle=CONEJO+VALLEY+PRIDE%3A+Creating+Community+Through+Visibility&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ragemonthly.com%2F2018%2F09%2F12%2Fconejo-valley-pride-creating-community-through-visibility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vcfd.org/station-35">"Station 35"</a>. <i>vcfd.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcfd.org&rft.atitle=Station+35&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvcfd.org%2Fstation-35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 103. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 104. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Commerce_1973_Page_9-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_1973_Page_9_191-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commerce_1973_Page_9_191-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce (1973). <i>Conejo Valley: Thousand Oaks, California</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Conejo Valley Chamber of Commerce. Page 9.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn4-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn4_192-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/">"The First TOPD | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/the-first-topd/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=The+First+TOPD+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-first-topd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.tolibrary.org/search~S1?/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ/Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=thousand+oaks+20/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=Xthousand+oaks+20&searchscope=1&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C">City of Thousand Oaks (1984). <i>20 Years: Thousand Oaks</i>. Ventura Printing. Page 16.</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 110-111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FBI_–_safest_city-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FBI_–_safest_city_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/">"Thousand Oaks Ranks As 4th Safest City In U.S."</a> CBS. October 14, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913130511/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2013/10/14/thousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s/">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+Ranks+As+4th+Safest+City+In+U.S.&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flosangeles.cbslocal.com%2F2013%2F10%2F14%2Fthousand-oaks-ranks-as-4th-safest-city-in-u-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-businessinsider2-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-businessinsider2_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1">"The 25 safest American cities to live in"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171123003037/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6/#25-virginia-beach-virginia-1">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+25+safest+American+cities+to+live+in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fthe-safest-cities-to-live-in-america-2016-6%2F%2325-virginia-beach-virginia-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn5-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn5_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/crime-reports-down-in-t-o-in-2014/">"Crime reports down in T.O. in 2014 | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Crime+reports+down+in+T.O.+in+2014+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fcrime-reports-down-in-t-o-in-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar.com-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar.com_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/">"Crime on rise in Thousand Oaks for 2016"</a>. <i>vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316074452/http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/crime/2017/03/13/crime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016/98761998/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Crime+on+rise+in+Thousand+Oaks+for+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2017%2F03%2F13%2Fcrime-rise-thousand-oaks-2016%2F98761998%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn6-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn6_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/report-violent-crime-rate-in-t-o-remains-historically-low/">"Report: Violent crime rate in T.O. remains historically low | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Violent+crime+rate+in+T.O.+remains+historically+low+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Freport-violent-crime-rate-in-t-o-remains-historically-low%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn7-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn7_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/">"City's crime rate continues to topple | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000407/https://www.toacorn.com/articles/citys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=City%26%23039%3Bs+crime+rate+continues+to+topple+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fcitys-crime-rate-continues-to-topple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2019" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Julia (November 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keyt.com/news/ventura-county/2019/11/06/sheriffs-office-dedicate-highway-sign-in-honor-of-sergeant-ron-helus-in-ventura-county/">"Ventura County Sheriff's Office dedicates highway sign in honor of Sgt. Ron Helus"</a>. <i>KEYT | KCOY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KEYT+%7C+KCOY&rft.atitle=Ventura+County+Sheriff%27s+Office+dedicates+highway+sign+in+honor+of+Sgt.+Ron+Helus&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeyt.com%2Fnews%2Fventura-county%2F2019%2F11%2F06%2Fsheriffs-office-dedicate-highway-sign-in-honor-of-sergeant-ron-helus-in-ventura-county%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Baker_2002_Page_46-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_46_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2002_Page_46_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Pam and Jim Dunham (2002). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Community Communications, Incorporated. Page 46. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781581920611" title="Special:BookSources/9781581920611">9781581920611</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421043154/http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html">"Hennen's American Public Library Ratings - CA"</a>. HAPLR index. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haplr-index.com/States/ca.html">the original</a> on April 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hennen%27s+American+Public+Library+Ratings+-+CA&rft.pub=HAPLR+index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haplr-index.com%2FStates%2Fca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070602184323/http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp">"Thousand Oaks Library"</a>. Thousand Oaks Library website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/library/default.asp">the original</a> on June 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks+Library&rft.pub=Thousand+Oaks+Library+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Flibrary%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070402083910/http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm">"Thousand Oaks Library Expansion Project"</a>. Thousand Oaks Library website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tol.lib.ca.us/pages/new/screens/construction.htm">the original</a> on April 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks+Library+Expansion+Project&rft.pub=Thousand+Oaks+Library+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tol.lib.ca.us%2Fpages%2Fnew%2Fscreens%2Fconstruction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133">https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/cal-lutheran-1133</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nfl-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nfl_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site">"Rams choose Cal Lutheran for temporary training site"</a>. <i>NFL.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221852/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000648936/article/rams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NFL.com&rft.atitle=Rams+choose+Cal+Lutheran+for+temporary+training+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0ap3000000648936%2Farticle%2Frams-choose-cal-lutheran-for-temporary-training-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-therams-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-therams_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911023845/http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd">"L.A. Rams training moving to Cal Lutheran"</a>. <i>therams.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therams.com/news-and-events/article-1/LA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran/c0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd">the original</a> on September 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=therams.com&rft.atitle=L.A.+Rams+training+moving+to+Cal+Lutheran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therams.com%2Fnews-and-events%2Farticle-1%2FLA-Rams-training-moving-to-Cal-Lutheran%2Fc0cd7402-d587-4c87-9ac1-5754557429dd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-vcstar7-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar7_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html">"Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home"</a>. <i>archive.vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124323/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Rams+players+and+families+are+calling+Conejo+Valley+home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fconejo-valley%2Frams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ocregister2-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocregister2_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/">"Bonsignore: Welcome to L.A., Rams – your new city has lots to offer – Orange County Register"</a>. <i>ocregister.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090944/http://www.ocregister.com/2016/07/28/bonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer/">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ocregister.com&rft.atitle=Bonsignore%3A+Welcome+to+L.A.%2C+Rams+%26%238211%3B+your+new+city+has+lots+to+offer+%26%238211%3B+Orange+County+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2F2016%2F07%2F28%2Fbonsignore-welcome-to-la-rams-your-new-city-has-lots-to-offer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711035233/http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/">"U.S. Men's Olympic Water Polo Team Wrapping Up Training in Ventura County For 2012 Summer Games In London"</a>. <i>KCLU.org</i>. July 2, 2012b. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kclu.org/2012/07/02/u-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london/">the original</a> on July 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KCLU.org&rft.atitle=U.S.+Men%27s+Olympic+Water+Polo+Team+Wrapping+Up+Training+in+Ventura+County+For+2012+Summer+Games+In+London&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kclu.org%2F2012%2F07%2F02%2Fu-s-mens-olympic-water-polo-team-wrapping-up-training-in-ventura-county-for-2012-summer-games-in-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywoods-bespoke-bmw-a-listers-871606">"Hollywood's Bespoke BMW: A-Listers Requesting Leather Dog Beds, Family Crests"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+Bespoke+BMW%3A+A-Listers+Requesting+Leather+Dog+Beds%2C+Family+Crests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fhollywoods-bespoke-bmw-a-listers-871606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcstar8-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar8_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html">"Amgen Tour of California to make its way through Ventura County Tuesday"</a>. <i>archive.vcstar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054934/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/special/outdoors/amgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Amgen+Tour+of+California+to+make+its+way+through+Ventura+County+Tuesday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Foutdoors%2Famgen-tour-of-california-to-make-its-way-through-ventura-county-tuesday-32add369-7dd1-02a3-e053-0100-379594681.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toacorn8-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn8_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/">"Tour of California will finish in Thousand Oaks | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055619/http://www.toacorn.com/articles/tour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks/">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Tour+of+California+will+finish+in+Thousand+Oaks+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Ftour-of-california-will-finish-in-thousand-oaks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html">Conejo Oaks Baseball Club</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117214518/http://www.oaksbaseball.org/DesktopContact.html">Archived</a> January 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official website Retrieved April 1, 2015.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/">"Ventura County Rugby Club"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213324/http://venturacountyrugbyclub.com/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ventura+County+Rugby+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fventuracountyrugbyclub.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-tigerwoods-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tigerwoods_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/">"The history of the Hero World Challenge - Newsfeed"</a>. <i>news.tigerwoods.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220635/http://news.tigerwoods.com/the-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.tigerwoods.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+Hero+World+Challenge+-+Newsfeed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tigerwoods.com%2Fthe-history-of-the-hero-world-challenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFOrtega1989" class="citation news cs1">Ortega, John (December 7, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football">"CLU Searching for New NFL Tenant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160211101449/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-07/sports/sp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=CLU+Searching+for+New+NFL+Tenant&rft.date=1989-12-07&rft.aulast=Ortega&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1989-12-07%2Fsports%2Fsp-353_1_cal-lutheran-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearlman,_Jeff_2009_Page_42_221-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearlman, Jeff (2009). <i>Boys Will Be Boys: The Glory Days and Party Nights of the Dallas Cowboys Dynasty</i>. Harper Perennial. Page 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0061256813" title="Special:BookSources/978-0061256813">978-0061256813</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation news cs1">Staff (March 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/">"Rams to practice at Cal Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i>Pacific Coast Business Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403133306/http://www.pacbiztimes.com/2016/03/30/rams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Coast+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Rams+to+practice+at+Cal+Lutheran+University+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacbiztimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F30%2Frams-to-practice-at-cal-lutheran-university-in-thousand-oaks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCurley2016" class="citation news cs1">Curley, Joe (July 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html">"Rams players and families are calling Conejo Valley home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710225633/http://www.vcstar.com/news/local/conejo-valley/rams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Rams+players+and+families+are+calling+Conejo+Valley+home&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft.aulast=Curley&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fconejo-valley%2Frams-players-and-families-are-calling-conejo-valley-home-357dc5fd-c9bb-076c-e053-0100007fbf8d-386017771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJordan1994" class="citation news cs1">Jordan, Phyllis W. (August 22, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks">"Thousand Oaks All-Stars Welcomed Like Winners : Youth: Junior League World Series champions dominated Ohio opponent, despite mustachioed outfielders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150401192550/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-22/local/me-29970_1_thousand-oaks">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+All-Stars+Welcomed+Like+Winners+%3A+Youth%3A+Junior+League+World+Series+champions+dominated+Ohio+opponent%2C+despite+mustachioed+outfielders.&rft.date=1994-08-22&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1994-08-22%2Flocal%2Fme-29970_1_thousand-oaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm">"Thousand Oaks Big League"</a>. Eteamz.active.com. September 1, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409184017/http://www.eteamz.com/tobigleague/index.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Oaks+Big+League&rft.pub=Eteamz.active.com&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eteamz.com%2Ftobigleague%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614001436/http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm">"Little League Online"</a>. Littleleague.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.littleleague.org/Little_League_Online.htm">the original</a> on June 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Little+League+Online&rft.pub=Littleleague.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.littleleague.org%2FLittle_League_Online.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729170507/http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball">"Conejo Valley Little League Baseball Home"</a>. Cvll.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=cvllbaseball">the original</a> on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conejo+Valley+Little+League+Baseball+Home&rft.pub=Cvll.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leaguelineup.com%2Fwelcome.asp%3Furl%3Dcvllbaseball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toacorn9-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn9_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/t-o-big-league-team-experiences-baseball-bliss-traveling-the-country/">"T.O. Big League team experiences baseball bliss traveling the country | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=T.O.+Big+League+team+experiences+baseball+bliss+traveling+the+country+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Ft-o-big-league-team-experiences-baseball-bliss-traveling-the-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oram, Fern A. (2006). <i>MBA Programs 2007 (Peterson's MBA Programs)</i>. Peterson's. Page 62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0768921618" title="Special:BookSources/978-0768921618">978-0768921618</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMclain2008" class="citation web cs1">Mclain, Jim (August 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.vcstar.com/business/kclu-expands-to-santa-barbara-ep-373200371-352476441.html/">"KCLU expands to Santa Barbara"</a>. Archive.vcstar.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KCLU+expands+to+Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=Archive.vcstar.com&rft.date=2008-08-29&rft.aulast=Mclain&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.vcstar.com%2Fbusiness%2Fkclu-expands-to-santa-barbara-ep-373200371-352476441.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-vcstar9-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcstar9_233-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2017/02/03/thousand-oaks-uses-drone-tv-programming/95812420/">"Thousand Oaks uses drone for TV programming"</a>. <i>vcstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vcstar.com&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks+uses+drone+for+TV+programming&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2017%2F02%2F03%2Fthousand-oaks-uses-drone-tv-programming%2F95812420%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toaks4-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toaks4_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv">"Watch TOTV | Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114610/http://www.toaks.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/watch-totv">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=Watch+TOTV+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcity-manager-s-office%2Fwatch-totv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Richard Thomas and William B. Adrian (1997). <i>Models for Christian Higher Education: Strategies for Survival and Success in the Twenty-first Century</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Page 120. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802841216" title="Special:BookSources/9780802841216">9780802841216</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Pages 71-72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Beth (1990). <i>Newbury Park</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Beth Needham. Page 17.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath, Rachel (March 3, 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/">"Thousand Oaks Transportation Center parking expansion appears on track"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301083729/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2013/mar/03/thousand-oaks-transportation-center-parking-on/">Archived</a> March 1, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Ventura County Star</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467125697" title="Special:BookSources/9781467125697">9781467125697</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 42-43. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). <i>Western Movie Making Locations Volume 1 Southern California</i>. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 118. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781312711556" title="Special:BookSources/9781312711556">9781312711556</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneider, Jerry L. (2014). <i>The Ray "Crash" Corrigan Filmography</i>. Lulu Press, Inc. Page 195. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780983197287" title="Special:BookSources/9780983197287">9780983197287</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2012). <i>Tales and Voices of the Conejo</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Pages 43-45. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-6-7">0-9725233-6-7</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMegli-Thun2018" class="citation news cs1">Megli-Thun, Dawn (May 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/conejos-inconspicuous-creek/">"Conejo's inconspicuous creek"</a>. <i>Thousand Oaks Acorn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft.atitle=Conejo%27s+inconspicuous+creek&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft.aulast=Megli-Thun&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Fconejos-inconspicuous-creek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). <i>The Conejo Valley: Old and New Frontiers</i>. Windsor Publications. Page 112. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897812993" title="Special:BookSources/9780897812993">9780897812993</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKinney, John (2013). <i>HIKE Ventura County</i>. The Trailmaster, Inc. Page 85. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780934161534" title="Special:BookSources/9780934161534">9780934161534</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-timeout-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timeout_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls">"Hiking trails in LA: The best hikes with waterfalls"</a>. <i>timeout.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123628/https://www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/hiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeout.com&rft.atitle=Hiking+trails+in+LA%3A+The+best+hikes+with+waterfalls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Flos-angeles%2Fthings-to-do%2Fhiking-trails-in-la-the-best-hikes-with-waterfalls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schad, Jerry (2009). <i>Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide</i>. Wilderness Press. Pages 35-36. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780899976396" title="Special:BookSources/9780899976396">9780899976396</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes5-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes5_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217">"On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes animal sanctuary"</a>. <i>latimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601125106/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/20/business/la-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimes&rft.atitle=On+Location%3A+Thousand+Oaks+ranch+becomes+animal+sanctuary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2011%2Fdec%2F20%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-ct-onlocation-20111217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes6-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes6_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html">"On Location: Thousand Oaks ranch becomes an animal sanctuary | Company Town | Los Angeles Times"</a>. <i>latimesblogs.latimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124341/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/on-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimesblogs.latimes.com&rft.atitle=On+Location%3A+Thousand+Oaks+ranch+becomes+an+animal+sanctuary+%26%23124%3B+Company+Town+%26%23124%3B+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fentertainmentnewsbuzz%2F2011%2F12%2Fon-location-thousand-oaks-ranch-becomes-animal-sanctuary-for-we-bought-a-zoo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes7-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes7_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html">"'It's Complicated' location house sells in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i>LA Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011230534/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=%26apos%3BIt%26apos%3Bs+Complicated%26apos%3B+location+house+sells+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2Fhot-property%2Fla-fi-hotprop-its-complicated-house-20150312-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-latimes8-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes8_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6">"The rest of the best"</a>. <i>latimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080348/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/06/entertainment/et-cinematography6">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latimes&rft.atitle=The+rest+of+the+best&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2006%2Fmar%2F06%2Fentertainment%2Fet-cinematography6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-conejo-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conejo_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/">"Conejo Valley is a Hot Spot for Filming Movies"</a>. <i>conejo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124632/http://conejo.com/quiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conejo.com&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+is+a+Hot+Spot+for+Filming+Movies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconejo.com%2Fquiet-on-the-set-conejo-valley-is-a-hot-spot-for-filming-movies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Medved_2007_Page_280-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Medved_2007_Page_280_254-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Medved, Harry and Bruce Akiyama (2007). <i>Hollywood Escapes: The Moviegoer's Guide to Exploring Southern California's Great Outdoors</i>. St. Martin's Press. Page 280. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429907170" title="Special:BookSources/9781429907170">9781429907170</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlisle, Belinda (2011). <i>Lips Unsealed: A Memoir</i>. Crown/Archetype. Page 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307463500" title="Special:BookSources/9780307463500">9780307463500</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFStaff2004" class="citation web cs1">Staff (October 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/2004/oct/26/local/me-vndonate26">"Couple Pledge $3 Million to Civic Arts Plaza"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Couple+Pledge+%243+Million+to+Civic+Arts+Plaza&rft.date=2004-10-26&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2004%2Foct%2F26%2Flocal%2Fme-vndonate26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-VCS_2017-02-07-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VCS_2017-02-07_257-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFlans2017" class="citation news cs1">Flans, Robyn (February 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2018/02/07/mccrea-familys-hollywood-legacy-lives-conejo-ranch/997848001/">"McCrea family's Hollywood legacy lives on at Conejo ranch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=McCrea+family%27s+Hollywood+legacy+lives+on+at+Conejo+ranch&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Flans&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunities%2Fconejo-valley%2F2018%2F02%2F07%2Fmccrea-familys-hollywood-legacy-lives-conejo-ranch%2F997848001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes11-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes11_258-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html">"Ellen DeGeneres may have buyer for Thousand Oaks ranch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075825/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ellen+DeGeneres+may+have+buyer+for+Thousand+Oaks+ranch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2Fhot-property%2Fla-fi-hotprop-ellen-degeneres-20130810-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes12-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes12_259-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html">"Ellen DeGeneres' Thousand Oaks ranch is back at $11 million"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030837/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ellen+DeGeneres%26apos%3B+Thousand+Oaks+ranch+is+back+at+%2411+million&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-mo-ellen-degeneres-20130730-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLeitereg2017" class="citation news cs1">Leitereg, Neal J. (January 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html">"Hockey great Wayne Gretzky nets a home sale in Westlake Village"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131147/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hockey+great+Wayne+Gretzky+nets+a+home+sale+in+Westlake+Village&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Leitereg&rft.aufirst=Neal+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2Fhot-property%2Fla-fi-hotprop-wayne-gretzky-westlake-village-sale-20170119-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html">"Jack Kirby, 76; Created Comic-Book Superheroes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 8, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701120738/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/08/obituaries/jack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+Kirby%2C+76%3B+Created+Comic-Book+Superheroes&rft.date=1994-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F02%2F08%2Fobituaries%2Fjack-kirby-76-created-comic-book-superheroes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFeitelberg2020" class="citation web cs1">Feitelberg, Rosemary (September 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwd.com/business-news/media/former-mademoiselle-editor-edith-raymond-locke-dies-at-1234574104/">"Former Mademoiselle Editor Edith Raymond Locke Dies at 99"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Wear+Daily&rft.atitle=Former+Mademoiselle+Editor+Edith+Raymond+Locke+Dies+at+99&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft.aulast=Feitelberg&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwd.com%2Fbusiness-news%2Fmedia%2Fformer-mademoiselle-editor-edith-raymond-locke-dies-at-1234574104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-biography-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biography_263-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469">"Heather Locklear - Television Actress, Actress, Classic Pin-Ups"</a>. <i>Biography.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813224323/https://www.biography.com/people/heather-locklear-9542469">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Heather+Locklear+-+Television+Actress%2C+Actress%2C+Classic+Pin-Ups&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fheather-locklear-9542469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-telegraph-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_264-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html">"How Tom Selleck got into hot water over avocados"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213161236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11728356/How-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+Tom+Selleck+got+into+hot+water+over+avocados&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2F11728356%2FHow-Tom-Selleck-got-into-hot-water-over-avocados.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Miz-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miz_265-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miz_265-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcClain2019" class="citation news cs1">McClain, James (August 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/dirt/athletes/wwes-the-miz-picks-6-4-million-thousand-oaks-mansion-1203309945/">"WWE's The Miz Picks $6.4 Million Thousand Oaks Mansion"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=WWE%27s+The+Miz+Picks+%246.4+Million+Thousand+Oaks+Mansion&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fdirt%2Fathletes%2Fwwes-the-miz-picks-6-4-million-thousand-oaks-mansion-1203309945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Tricia (2017). <i>Thousand Oaks and Westlake Village</i>. Arcadia Publishing. Page 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439661956" title="Special:BookSources/9781439661956">9781439661956</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCurley2019" class="citation news cs1">Curley, Joe (April 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vcstar.com/story/sports/columnists/2019/04/23/local-chatter-moore-enjoying-taste-stanley-cup-playoff-hockey/3523411002/">"Local chatter: T.O. native Moore enjoying first taste of playoff hockey in Toronto"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County_Star" title="Ventura County Star">Ventura County Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+County+Star&rft.atitle=Local+chatter%3A+T.O.+native+Moore+enjoying+first+taste+of+playoff+hockey+in+Toronto&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.aulast=Curley&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcstar.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fcolumnists%2F2019%2F04%2F23%2Flocal-chatter-moore-enjoying-taste-stanley-cup-playoff-hockey%2F3523411002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Britton, Felicity (2012). <i>The Glee Cast: Inspiring Gleek Mania</i>. Twenty-First Century Books. Page 77. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467701532" title="Special:BookSources/9781467701532">9781467701532</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKelley1997" class="citation news cs1">Kelley, Darryl (January 12, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022183535/http://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks">"Thousand Oaks' 1st Lady of Politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Los Angeles, California. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1997-01-12/local/me-18050_1_thousand-oaks">the original</a> on October 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Thousand+Oaks%27+1st+Lady+of+Politics&rft.date=1997-01-12&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Darryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1997-01-12%2Flocal%2Fme-18050_1_thousand-oaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Bernstein" class="citation news cs1">Adam Bernstein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36925-2004Dec30.html?noredirect=on">"Jazz Giant Artie Shaw Dies at Age 94"</a>. <i>www.washingtonpost.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Jazz+Giant+Artie+Shaw+Dies+at+Age+94&rft.au=Adam+Bernstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA36925-2004Dec30.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-forbes-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forbes_271-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25">"Britney Spears purchases $7.4 Million Italianate Villa in California's Thousand Oaks (complete with a three-hole golf-course)"</a>. <i>forbes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113153120/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristintablang/2015/10/15/britney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california/#71b824aa5d25">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forbes.com&rft.atitle=Britney+Spears+purchases+%247.4+Million+Italianate+Villa+in+California%27s+Thousand+Oaks+%28complete+with+a+three-hole+golf-course%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkristintablang%2F2015%2F10%2F15%2Fbritney-spears-7-4-million-villa-thousand-oaks-california%2F%2371b824aa5d25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes9-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes9_272-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLauren_Beale,_Los_Angeles_Times" class="citation news cs1">Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html">"Britney Spears buys in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i>LA Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031113/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=Britney+Spears+buys+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft.au=Lauren+Beale%2C+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-hotprop-britney-spears-20121127-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-latimes10-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes10_273-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLauren_Beale,_Los_Angeles_Times" class="citation news cs1">Lauren Beale, Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html">"Sylvester Stallone sells waterfront retreat in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031043/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Sylvester+Stallone+sells+waterfront+retreat+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft.au=Lauren+Beale%2C+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2Fla-fi-hotprop-sylvester-stallone-20110915-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLeitereg2018" class="citation news cs1">Leitereg, Neal J. (January 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html">"Billionaire Thomas Tull lists a small village in Thousand Oaks for $85 million"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116225111/http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/hot-property/la-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Billionaire+Thomas+Tull+lists+a+small+village+in+Thousand+Oaks+for+%2485+million&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Leitereg&rft.aufirst=Neal+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2Fhot-property%2Fla-fi-hotprop-thomas-tull-thousand-oaks-85-million-20180116-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016125449/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html">"Popular trail now easier on the feet – www.toacorn.com – Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toacorn.com/news/2016-08-11/Community/Popular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Popular+trail+now+easier+on+the+feet+%E2%80%93+www.toacorn.com+%E2%80%93+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Fnews%2F2016-08-11%2FCommunity%2FPopular_trail_now_easier_on_the_feet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conejovalleyguide.com/dosomethingblog/oak-creek-canyon-loop-trail-in-thousand-oaks">"Oak Creek Canyon Loop Trail in Thousand Oaks"</a>. <i>Conejovalleyguide.com</i>. May 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conejovalleyguide.com&rft.atitle=Oak+Creek+Canyon+Loop+Trail+in+Thousand+Oaks&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conejovalleyguide.com%2Fdosomethingblog%2Foak-creek-canyon-loop-trail-in-thousand-oaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm">"Second Mountain Lion Crosses 101 Freeway, Disperses from Santa Monica Mountains – Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161208085500/https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/second-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Second+Mountain+Lion+Crosses+101+Freeway%2C+Disperses+from+Santa+Monica+Mountains+%E2%80%93+Santa+Monica+Mountains+National+Recreation+Area+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsamo%2Flearn%2Fnews%2Fsecond-mountain-lion-crosses-101-freeway.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toaks.org-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toaks.org_280-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toaks.org_280-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toaks.org_280-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toaks.org_280-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121110233/http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp">"government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/government/depts/community/planning/general/conservation.asp">the original</a> on January 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=government%2Fdepts%2Fcommunity%2Fplanning%2Fgeneral%2Fconservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fgovernment%2Fdepts%2Fcommunity%2Fplanning%2Fgeneral%2Fconservation.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schad, Jerry (2009). <i>Los Angeles County: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide</i>. Wilderness Press. Page 35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89997-639-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89997-639-6">978-0-89997-639-6</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stienstra, Tom and Ann Marie Brown (2012). <i>Moon California Hiking: The Complete Guide to 1,000 of the Best Hikes in the Golden State</i>. Avalon Travel. Page 711. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-163-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-163-3">978-1-61238-163-3</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toaks6-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toaks6_283-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info">"Mountain Lion/Rattlesnake Info | Thousand Oaks, CA"</a>. <i>toaks.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165258/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/trails-open-space/mountain-lion-rattlesnake-info">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toaks.org&rft.atitle=Mountain+Lion%2FRattlesnake+Info+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcommunity-development%2Ftrails-open-space%2Fmountain-lion-rattlesnake-info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toacorn10-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toacorn10_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toacorn.com/articles/office-worker-captures-glimpse-of-mountain-lion-in-lynn-ranch/">"Office worker captures glimpse of mountain lion in Lynn Ranch | Thousand Oaks Acorn"</a>. <i>toacorn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toacorn.com&rft.atitle=Office+worker+captures+glimpse+of+mountain+lion+in+Lynn+Ranch+%26%23124%3B+Thousand+Oaks+Acorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toacorn.com%2Farticles%2Foffice-worker-captures-glimpse-of-mountain-lion-in-lynn-ranch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-abc7-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc7_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/">"Mountain lion spotted in Newbury Park backyard"</a>. <i>abc7.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160210215921/http://abc7.com/pets/mountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard/445228/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abc7.com&rft.atitle=Mountain+lion+spotted+in+Newbury+Park+backyard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabc7.com%2Fpets%2Fmountain-lion-spotted-in-newbury-park-backyard%2F445228%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell, Thomas J. (2000). <i>Hiking In Wildwood Regional Park: Natural History, Folklore, and Trail Guide</i>. California Lutheran University. Page 2.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf">Pages 20-21</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Pam (2002). <i>Thousand Oaks Westlake Village: A Contemporary Portrait</i>. Community Communications, Inc. Page 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1581920611" title="Special:BookSources/978-1581920611">978-1581920611</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109222927/http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees">"Conejo Valley Trees"</a>. <i>City of Thousand Oaks</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org/departments/community-development/conejo-valley-trees">the original</a> on January 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Thousand+Oaks&rft.atitle=Conejo+Valley+Trees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toaks.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcommunity-development%2Fconejo-valley-trees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThousand+Oaks%2C+California" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conejo-openspace.org/assets/cons-element-2013-final.pdf">Thousand Oaks General Plan, Conservation Element 2013 Update, page24</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam (2002). <i>Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8">0-9725233-0-8</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faber, Phyllis M. (2005). <i>California's Wild Gardens: A Guide to Favorite Botanical Sites</i>. University of California Press. Page 164. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520240315" title="Special:BookSources/9780520240315">9780520240315</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam and Ruthanne Begun (2006). <i>Historical Tour of the Conejo Valley</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-4-0">0-9725233-4-0</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Begun, Ruthanne and Miriam Sprankling (2004). <i>A Visit to the Historic Stagecoach Inn Museum</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-2-4">0-9725233-2-4</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprankling, Miriam (2002). <i>Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9725233-0-8">0-9725233-0-8</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thousand_Oaks,_California" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thousand Oaks, California"><span style="">Thousand Oaks, California</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thousand_Oaks#Q208447" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Thousand Oaks">Thousand Oaks</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toaks.org">Official website</a></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208447#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thousand_Oaks,_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Template:Thousand Oaks, California"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Template talk:Thousand Oaks, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Thousand_Oaks,_California&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thousand_Oaks,_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thousand Oaks, California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="Conejo Valley Unified School District">Conejo Valley Unified School District</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_High_School" title="Thousand Oaks High School">Thousand Oaks High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park_High_School" title="Newbury Park High School">Newbury Park High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westlake_High_School_(California)" title="Westlake High School (California)">Westlake High School</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Adult_School" title="Conejo Valley Adult School">Conejo Valley Adult School</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Reina_High_School" title="La Reina High School">La Reina High School</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Other education</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Lutheran_University" title="California Lutheran University">California Lutheran University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grant_R._Brimhall_Library" title="Grant R. Brimhall Library">Grant R. Brimhall Library</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="American Radio Archive">American Radio Archive</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Museum of Art (page does not exist)">California Museum of Art</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley_Botanic_Garden" title="Conejo Valley Botanic Garden">Conejo Valley Botanic Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_Indian_Museum" title="Chumash Indian Museum">Chumash Indian Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_World" title="Gardens of the World">Gardens of the World</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Janss_Marketplace" title="Janss Marketplace">Janss Marketplace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea_Ranch" title="Joel McCrea Ranch">Joel McCrea Ranch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jungleland_USA" title="Jungleland USA">Jungleland Site</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Banning_Dam" title="Banning Dam">Lake Eleanor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pederson_House_and_Water_Tower" title="Pederson House and Water Tower">Pederson House and Water Tower</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satwiwa" title="Satwiwa">Satwiwa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Country_Club" title="Sherwood Country Club">Sherwood Country Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Inn_(California)" title="Stagecoach Inn (California)">Stagecoach Inn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tarantula_Hill" title="Tarantula Hill">Tarantula Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Oaks_(Thousand_Oaks,_California)" title="The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)">The Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Civic_Arts_Plaza" title="Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza">Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_Community_Gallery" title="Thousand Oaks Community Gallery">Thousand Oaks Community Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timber_School" title="Timber School">Timber School</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood_Regional_Park" title="Wildwood Regional Park">Wildwood Regional Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Ventura_County,_California,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ventura_County,_California" title="Template:Ventura County, California"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ventura_County,_California" title="Template talk:Ventura County, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ventura_County,_California&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Ventura_County,_California,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California"><span class="region">Ventura County, California</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;"><div id="County_seat:_Ventura"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California"><span>Ventura</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore,_California" title="Fillmore, California">Fillmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moorpark,_California" title="Moorpark, California">Moorpark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ojai,_California" title="Ojai, California">Ojai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hueneme,_California" title="Port Hueneme, California">Port Hueneme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Paula,_California" title="Santa Paula, California">Santa Paula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thousand Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg/87px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Ventura County map" width="87" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg/131px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg/174px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Ventura_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1171" /></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Canyon,_California" title="Bell Canyon, California">Bell Canyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Conejo,_California" title="Casa Conejo, California">Casa Conejo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Beach,_California" title="Channel Islands Beach, California">Channel Islands Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Rio,_California" title="El Rio, California">El Rio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sherwood,_California" title="Lake Sherwood, California">Lake Sherwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meiners_Oaks,_California" title="Meiners Oaks, California">Meiners Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mira_Monte,_California" title="Mira Monte, California">Mira Monte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_California" title="Oak Park, California">Oak Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_View,_California" title="Oak View, California">Oak View</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Piru,_California" title="Piru, California">Piru</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Valley,_California" title="Santa Rosa Valley, California">Santa Rosa Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana,_California" title="Santa Susana, California">Santa Susana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saticoy,_California" title="Saticoy, California">Saticoy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardsdale,_California" title="Bardsdale, California">Bardsdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buckhorn,_Ventura_County,_California" title="Buckhorn, Ventura County, California">Buckhorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Bartlett,_California" title="Camp Bartlett, California">Camp Bartlett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Casitas_Springs,_California" title="Casitas Springs, California">Casitas Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cavin,_California" title="Cavin, California">Cavin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dulah,_California" title="Dulah, California">Dulah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Faria,_California" title="Faria, California">Faria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haines,_California" title="Haines, California">Haines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kevet,_California" title="Kevet, California">Kevet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Conchita,_California" title="La Conchita, California">La Conchita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lagol,_California" title="Lagol, California">Lagol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Limoneira,_California" title="Limoneira, California">Limoneira</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lockwood_Valley,_California" title="Lockwood Valley, California">Lockwood Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mussel_Shoals,_California" title="Mussel Shoals, California">Mussel Shoals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Newbury_Park,_California" title="Newbury Park, California">Newbury Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ojala,_California" title="Ojala, California">Ojala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ortonville,_California" title="Ortonville, California">Ortonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Mugu, California">Point Mugu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scheideck,_California" title="Scheideck, California">Scheideck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Cliff,_California" title="Sea Cliff, California">Sea Cliff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Strand_Beach" title="Silver Strand Beach">Silver Strand Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solromar,_California" title="Solromar, California">Solromar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Somis,_California" title="Somis, California">Somis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Ojai,_California" title="Upper Ojai, California">Upper Ojai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wadstrom,_California" title="Wadstrom, California">Wadstrom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weldons,_California" title="Weldons, California">Weldons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Springs,_California" title="Wheeler Springs, California">Wheeler Springs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:California_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:California (state)"><span>California portal</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" title="Template:Greater Los Angeles Area"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" title="Template talk:Greater Los Angeles Area"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Greater_Los_Angeles_Area&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Central city</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg" class="image" title="Los Angeles Basin"><img alt="Los Angeles Basin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/100px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/150px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg/200px-Los_Angeles_Basin_JPLLandsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2063" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities <br />>200k</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fontana,_California" title="Fontana, California">Fontana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />100k−200k</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corona,_California" title="Corona, California">Corona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downey,_California" title="Downey, California">Downey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles,_California" title="East Los Angeles, California">East Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Monte,_California" title="El Monte, California">El Monte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fullerton,_California" title="Fullerton, California">Fullerton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jurupa_Valley,_California" title="Jurupa Valley, California">Jurupa Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Murrieta,_California" title="Murrieta, California">Murrieta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_California" title="Norwalk, California">Norwalk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_California" title="Orange, California">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palmdale,_California" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Rancho Cucamonga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rialto,_California" title="Rialto, California">Rialto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Gate,_California" title="South Gate, California">South Gate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Temecula,_California" title="Temecula, California">Temecula</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thousand Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Torrance,_California" title="Torrance, California">Torrance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victorville,_California" title="Victorville, California">Victorville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Covina,_California" title="West Covina, California">West Covina</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Other towns</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agoura_Hills,_California" title="Agoura Hills, California">Agoura Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Calabasas,_California" title="Calabasas, California">Calabasas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carson,_California" title="Carson, California">Carson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Segundo,_California" title="El Segundo, California">El Segundo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gardena,_California" title="Gardena, California">Gardena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_California" title="Hawthorne, California">Hawthorne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hermosa_Beach,_California" title="Hermosa Beach, California">Hermosa Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawndale,_California" title="Lawndale, California">Lawndale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lennox,_California" title="Lennox, California">Lennox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lomita,_California" title="Lomita, California">Lomita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_California" title="Manhattan Beach, California">Manhattan Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moorpark,_California" title="Moorpark, California">Moorpark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Verdes_Estates,_California" title="Palos Verdes Estates, California">Palos Verdes Estates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Palos_Verdes,_California" title="Rancho Palos Verdes, California">Rancho Palos Verdes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Redondo_Beach,_California" title="Redondo Beach, California">Redondo Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Carson,_California" title="West Carson, California">West Carson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willowbrook,_California" title="Willowbrook, California">Willowbrook</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Other<br />communities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Canyon,_California" title="Bell Canyon, California">Bell Canyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cornell,_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Cornell, Los Angeles County, California">Cornell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kagel_Canyon,_California" title="Kagel Canyon, California">Kagel Canyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ladera_Heights,_California" title="Ladera Heights, California">Ladera Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Rey,_California" title="Marina del Rey, California">Marina del Rey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Nido,_California" title="Monte Nido, California">Monte Nido</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_California" title="Oak Park, California">Oak Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Hills_Estates,_California" title="Rolling Hills Estates, California">Rolling Hills Estates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/View_Park%E2%80%93Windsor_Hills,_California" title="View Park–Windsor Hills, California">View Park–Windsor Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Athens,_California" title="West Athens, California">West Athens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Rancho_Dominguez,_California" title="West Rancho Dominguez, California">West Rancho Dominguez</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Area regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim%E2%80%93Santa_Ana_edge_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city">Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Los_Angeles" title="Central Los Angeles">Central Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastside_Los_Angeles" title="Eastside Los Angeles">East Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Cities" title="Gateway Cities">Gateway Cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Hollywood, Los Angeles">Greater Hollywood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Harbor_Region" title="Los Angeles Harbor Region">Harbor Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Los_Angeles" title="Northeast Los Angeles">Northeast Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Los_Angeles" title="Northwest Los Angeles">Northwest Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Verdes_Peninsula" title="Palos Verdes Peninsula">Palos Verdes Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">San Bernardino Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Valley" title="Santa Ana Valley">Santa Ana Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_Metro" title="South Coast Metro">South Coast Metro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Los_Angeles" title="South Los Angeles">South Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westside_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Westside (Los Angeles County)">Westside Los Angeles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Hills_(mountain_range)" title="Baldwin Hills (mountain range)">Baldwin Hills (range)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Hills" title="Chino Hills">Chino Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Hills" title="Hollywood Hills">Hollywood Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Verdes_Hills" title="Palos Verdes Hills">Palos Verdes Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Puente_Hills" title="Puente Hills">Puente Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Mountains" title="Santa Ana Mountains">Santa Ana Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island_(California)" title="Santa Catalina Island (California)">Santa Catalina Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains" title="Santa Monica Mountains">Santa Monica Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susana_Mountains" title="Santa Susana Mountains">Santa Susana Mountains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Pelona_Ridge" title="Sierra Pelona Ridge">Sierra Pelona Ridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simi_Hills" title="Simi Hills">Simi Hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Verdugo_Mountains" title="Verdugo Mountains">Verdugo Mountains</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliso_Creek_(Orange_County)" title="Aliso Creek (Orange County)">Aliso Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Calabasas" title="Arroyo Calabasas">Arroyo Calabasas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)">Arroyo Seco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ballona_Creek" title="Ballona Creek">Ballona Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Creek_(Southern_California)" title="Bell Creek (Southern California)">Bell Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_Lake" title="Big Bear Lake">Big Bear Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_(San_Gabriel_River_tributary)" title="Coyote Creek (San Gabriel River tributary)">Coyote Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arrowhead_Reservoir" title="Lake Arrowhead Reservoir">Lake Arrowhead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gregory_(California)" title="Lake Gregory (California)">Lake Gregory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Perris" title="Lake Perris">Lake Perris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Piru" title="Lake Piru">Lake Piru</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Aqueduct" title="Los Angeles Aqueduct">Los Angeles Aqueduct</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_River" title="Los Angeles River">Los Angeles River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Creek" title="Malibu Creek">Malibu Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_River" title="Mojave River">Mojave River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Lake_(Los_Angeles_County,_California)" title="Pyramid Lake (Los Angeles County, California)">Pyramid Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Hondo_(California)" title="Rio Hondo (California)">Rio Hondo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_River_(California)" title="San Gabriel River (California)">San Gabriel River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Creek" title="San Juan Creek">San Juan Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Bay_(California)" title="San Pedro Bay (California)">San Pedro Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_River" title="Santa Ana River">Santa Ana River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_(California)" title="Santa Clara River (California)">Santa Clara River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margarita_River" title="Santa Margarita River">Santa Margarita River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Bay" title="Santa Monica Bay">Santa Monica Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tujunga_Wash" title="Tujunga Wash">Tujunga Wash</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California" title="Template:California"><abbr title="View this template" style="background-color:#FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California" title="Template talk:California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background-color:#FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:California&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background-color:#FCC200;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/46px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div id="Sacramento_(capital)"><b><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">Food</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">dream</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">Agriculture</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">Ecology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">Flora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">Fauna</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">Districts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">Legislature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">Congressional delegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">Elections</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">State Parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">State Historic Landmarks</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/Great_Seal_of_California.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/Great_Seal_of_California.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/Great_Seal_of_California.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1079" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North Coast (SD)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mayors_of_cities_with_populations_exceeding_100,000_in_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California_cities_and_mayors_of_100,000_population" title="Template:California cities and mayors of 100,000 population"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California_cities_and_mayors_of_100,000_population" title="Template talk:California cities and mayors of 100,000 population"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:California_cities_and_mayors_of_100,000_population&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #FCC200;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mayors_of_cities_with_populations_exceeding_100,000_in_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> Mayors of <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">cities with populations exceeding 100,000</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r998391716"/><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 17em;">
<ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Todd_Gloria" title="Todd Gloria">Todd Gloria</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sam_Liccardo" title="Sam Liccardo">Sam Liccardo</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">London Breed</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Lee_Brand" title="Lee Brand">Lee Brand</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Steinberg" title="Darrell Steinberg">Darrell Steinberg</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(California_politician)" title="Robert Garcia (California politician)">Robert Garcia</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Libby_Schaaf" title="Libby Schaaf">Libby Schaaf</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Karen_Goh" title="Karen Goh">Karen Goh</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_Sidhu" title="Harry Sidhu">Harry Sidhu</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Miguel_A._Pulido" title="Miguel A. Pulido">Miguel A. Pulido</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Lock_Dawson" title="Patricia Lock Dawson">Patricia Lock Dawson</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a>)</li>
<li><b>Kevin Lincoln</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_Salas" title="Mary Salas">Mary Salas</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_L._Shea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina L. Shea (page does not exist)">Christina Shea</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lily_Mei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lily Mei (page does not exist)">Lily Mei</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Valdivia" title="John Valdivia">John Valdivia</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrad_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garrad Marsh (page does not exist)">Garrad Marsh</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acquanetta_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acquanetta Warren (page does not exist)">Acquanetta Warren</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fontana,_California" title="Fontana, California">Fontana</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zaragoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zaragoza (page does not exist)">John Zaragoza</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yxstian_Gutierrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yxstian Gutierrez (page does not exist)">Yxstian Gutierrez</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Lyn Semeta</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Vrej Agajanian</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Bill Miranda</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Weiss_(California)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Weiss (California) (page does not exist)">Peter Weiss</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a>)</li>
<li><b>Steven R. Jones</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Dennis_Michael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Dennis Michael (page does not exist)">L. Dennis Michael</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Rancho Cucamonga</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sawyer_(California_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sawyer (California politician) (page does not exist)">John Sawyer</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_S._Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul S. Leon (page does not exist)">Paul S. Leon</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ly" title="Steve Ly">Steve Ly</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Elk_Grove,_California" title="Elk Grove, California">Elk Grove</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Montanez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Montanez (page does not exist)">Eugene Montanez</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Corona,_California" title="Corona, California">Corona</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Rex_Parris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Rex Parris (page does not exist)">R. Rex Parris</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Hofbauer" title="Steve Hofbauer">Steve Hofbauer</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Palmdale,_California" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Halliday" title="Barbara Halliday">Barbara Halliday</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Gunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Gunter (page does not exist)">Joe Gunter</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Salinas,_California" title="Salinas, California">Salinas</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliot_Rothman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliot Rothman (page does not exist)">Elliot Rothman</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a>)</li>
<li><b>Larry Klein</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Abed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Abed (page does not exist)">Sam Abed</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_J._Furey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick J. Furey (page does not exist)">Patrick J. Furey</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Torrance,_California" title="Torrance, California">Torrance</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tornek" title="Terry Tornek">Terry Tornek</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>)</li>
<li><b>Mark A. Murphy</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Orange,_California" title="Orange, California">Orange</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jesus Silva</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fullerton,_California" title="Fullerton, California">Fullerton</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Garcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Garcia (page does not exist)">Carol Garcia</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Roseville,_California" title="Roseville, California">Roseville</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Nelsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Nelsen (page does not exist)">Steve Nelsen</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Visalia,_California" title="Visalia, California">Visalia</a>)</li>
<li><b>Al Adam</b><br />(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thousand Oaks</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Edi E. Birsan</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Huber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Huber (page does not exist)">Bob Huber</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Simi_Valley,_California" title="Simi Valley, California">Simi Valley</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_L._Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamie L. Matthews (page does not exist)">Jamie L. Matthews</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Garcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria Garcia (page does not exist)">Gloria Garcia</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Victorville,_California" title="Victorville, California">Victorville</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Sampayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Sampayan (page does not exist)">Bob Sampayan</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Arregu%C3%ADn" title="Jesse Arreguín">Jesse Arreguín</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jessica Antona</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/El_Monte,_California" title="El Monte, California">El Monte</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sean_Ashton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sean Ashton (page does not exist)">Sean Ashton</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Downey,_California" title="Downey, California">Downey</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Hall_(mayor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Hall (mayor) (page does not exist)">Matt Hall</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katrina_Foley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katrina Foley (page does not exist)">Katrina Foley</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_T._Price&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry T. Price (page does not exist)">Harry T. Price</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Comerchero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Comerchero (page does not exist)">Jeff Comerchero</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Temecula,_California" title="Temecula, California">Temecula</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/James_T._Butts_Jr." title="James T. Butts Jr.">James T. Butts Jr.</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade_Harper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade Harper (page does not exist)">Wade Harper</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Ramos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Ramos (page does not exist)">Harry Ramos</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Murrieta,_California" title="Murrieta, California">Murrieta</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheryl_Heitmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheryl Heitmann (page does not exist)">Cheryl Heitmann</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Butt" title="Tom Butt">Tom Butt</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_Johnson_(California_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lloyd Johnson (California politician) (page does not exist)">Lloyd Johnson</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/West_Covina,_California" title="West Covina, California">West Covina</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Perez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Perez (page does not exist)">Jennifer Perez</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_California" title="Norwalk, California">Norwalk</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_R._Sylvester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn R. Sylvester (page does not exist)">Glenn R. Sylvester</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Springer" title="Sharon Springer">Sharon Springer</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Patino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Patino (page does not exist)">Alice Patino</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_California" title="Santa Maria, California">Santa Maria</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Magsig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Magsig (page does not exist)">Nathan Magsig</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Clovis,_California" title="Clovis, California">Clovis</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Wells_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Wells (politician) (page does not exist)">Bill Wells</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maureen_Freschet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maureen Freschet (page does not exist)">Maureen Freschet</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a>)<sup class="reference plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="ref_council"><a href="#endnote_council">*</a></sup></li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Ritter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judy Ritter (page does not exist)">Judy Ritter</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hancock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brad Hancock (page does not exist)">Brad Hancock</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Jurupa_Valley,_California" title="Jurupa Valley, California">Jurupa Valley</a>)</li></ol>
</div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_council"><b><a href="#ref_council">^*</a></b></span> Mayor selected from city council</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_California_megaregion_as_defined_by_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template talk:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Southern_California_megaregion&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_California_megaregion_as_defined_by_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">Southern California</a> megaregion as defined by RPA</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Metropolitan_areas_have_+150,000_according_to_source_at_the_time_estimated.">Metropolitan areas have +150,000 according to source at the time estimated.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern California cities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">city</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard,_California" title="Oxnard, California">Oxnard</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a> - <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_California" title="Santa Maria, California">Santa Maria</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/170px-SoCal_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/255px-SoCal_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/340px-SoCal_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="479" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North of the region</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Nevada</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">city</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexican border</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_metropolitan_area" title="Tijuana metropolitan area">Tijuana</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">city</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208447#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208447#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208447#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7711911-3">7711911-3</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MBAREA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/38f51a57-80e0-427b-934d-fd11983fac67">38f51a57-80e0-427b-934d-fd11983fac67</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NARA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA (identifier)">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045769">10045769</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144842992">144842992</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80022859">lccn-n80022859</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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