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'{{short description|Political party in Russia}} {{distinguish|Communists of Russia}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2019}} {{use British English|date=February 2021}} {{use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox political party | name = {{nowrap|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}} | native_name = {{nowrap|Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации}} | logo = KPRF Logo.svg | logo_size = 150px | colorcode = {{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}} | abbreviation = CPRF (English)<br />КПРФ (Russian) | general_secretary = [[Gennady Zyuganov]] | leader1_title = Deputy Secretary | leader1_name = [[Ivan Melnikov (politician)|Ivan Melnikov]]<br />[[Yury Afonin]] | leader2_title = Parliamentary Leader | leader2_name = [[Gennady Zyuganov]] | founded = {{start date and age|1993|2|14|df=yes}} | predecessor = {{ubl|[[Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|CP RSFSR]] (legal predecessor)|[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] (''de facto'' predecessor)}} | headquarters = 16th building, Ol'khovskaya Ulitsa<br />[[Moscow]], [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Russia]] 105066 | newspaper = ''[[Pravda]]'' (more than 30 regional editions) | youth_wing = [[Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation|Komsomol]] | membership_year = 2015 | membership = {{decrease}} 160,000<ref name="cprf.ru">{{cite web|url=http://cprf.ru/about-us/|title=Official website of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}</ref> | ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[Communism]]<ref name="baijp241">[[András Bozóki|Bozóki, A]] and Ishiyama, J (2002). ''The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe''. p. 241.</ref><ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|title=Russia|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html|year=2016|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> | [[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="Nordsieck"/> | [[Social conservatism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ru.euronews.com/2013/06/11/russian-mps-vote-overwhelmingly-to-outlaw-gay-propaganda|title=Russian MPs Vote Overwhelmingly To Outlaw Gay Propaganda|author=Euronews|date=June 11, 2013|website=euronews.com|publisher=Euronews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509150336/https://ru.euronews.com/2013/06/11/russian-mps-vote-overwhelmingly-to-outlaw-gay-propaganda|archive-date=2019-05-09|url-status=live }}</ref> | [[Left-wing nationalism]]<ref name="baijp245"/> | [[Soviet patriotism]]<ref name="baijp245">[[András Bozóki|Bozóki, A]] and Ishiyama, J (2002). ''The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe''. p. 245.</ref> }} | position = {{nowrap|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="baijp241" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scbtrade.com/en/portal/explore-new-markets/country-profiles/russia/political-outline|publisher=[[Siam Commercial Bank]]|website=SCB Trade Portal|title=Russia: Economic and Political Overview}}</ref> to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=Qui sont les ultranationalistes russes ?|url=http://www.europe1.fr/international/qui-sont-les-ultranationalistes-russes-1697255|website=[[Europe 1]]|date=4 November 2013|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Far-Left Prepares for Russia's Election: Campaigning Communists Evoke Ghost of Stalin|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/far-left-prepares-for-russia-s-election-campaigning-communists-evoke-ghost-of-stalin-a-536060.html|newspaper=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=18 February 2008|access-date=28 February 2018|last1=Klußmann|first1=Uwe}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mccauley|first=Martin|title=The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cKWsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT513|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-86782-1|page=513}}</ref>}} | international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]<br />[[International Communist Seminar|ICS]] (defunct) | continental = [[Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union|UCP–CPSU]] | colours = {{colorbox|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]] | slogan = {{ubl|"Russia! Labour! Democracy! Socialism!"|({{lang-ru|«Россия! Труд! Народовластие! Социализм!»}})}} | anthem = {{center|{{lang|ru|«Интернациона́л»}}<br />("[[The Internationale]]")}}{{parabr}}[[File:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg|200px|center]] | seats1_title = [[State Duma|Seats in the State Duma]] | seats1 = {{composition bar|57|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | seats2_title = [[Federation Council (Russia)|Seats in the Federation Council]] | seats2 = {{composition bar|3|170|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | seats3_title = [[List of heads of federal subjects of Russia|Governors]] | seats3 = {{composition bar|3|85|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | seats4_title = [[Regional parliaments of Russia|Seats in the Regional Parliaments]] | seats4 = {{composition bar|449|3928|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | seats5_title = [[Government of Russia|Ministers]] | seats5 = {{composition bar|0|31|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | flag = [[File:KPRF Flag.svg|200px]] | website = {{url|cprf.ru|www.cprf.ru}} | country = Russia }} The '''Communist Party of the Russian Federation''' ('''CPRF'''; {{lang-ru|Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации; КПРФ|Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; KPRF}}) is a [[Communist party|communist political party]] in [[Russia]] that adheres to [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] philosophy.<ref name="Nordsieck"/> It is the second-largest [[Political parties in Russia|political party in Russia]] after [[United Russia]]. The youth organisation of the party is the [[Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation|Leninist Young Communist League]]. The CPRF can trace its origins to the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] which was established in 1898 and the party split in 1903 into a Menshevik (minority) and Bolshevik (majority) faction; the latter, led by [[Vladimir Lenin]], is the direct ancestor of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) and is the party that seized power in the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. After the CPSU was banned in 1991 by then–[[List of presidents of Russia|Russian President]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] in the aftermath of the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|failed coup attempt]], the CPRF was founded at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Russian Communists on 14 February 1993 as the successor organisation of the [[Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (CPRSFSR). It was the ruling party in the [[State Duma]], the lower house of the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Russian Federal Assembly]] from 1998 to 1999. {{As of|2022|April}}, the party has 160,000 members.<ref name="cprf.ru">{{cite web|url=http://cprf.ru/about-us/|title=Official website of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}</ref> The party's stated goal is to establish a new, modernized form of [[Socialist mode of production|socialism]] in Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2011/12/06/can-russias-communist-party-make-a-comeback/2/|title=Can Russia's Communist Party Make A Comeback?|date=6 December 2011|access-date=2013-08-11|work=Forbes|first=Kenneth|last=Rapoza}}</ref> Immediate goals of the party include the [[nationalization]] of [[Natural resources of Russia|natural resources]], [[Agriculture in Russia|agriculture]] and large industries within the framework of a [[mixed economy]] that allows for the growth of small and medium enterprises in the private sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/nov/22/socialism-may-be-waning-but-not-for-young-russians/?page=all|title=Socialism may be waning, but not for young Russians |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=22 November 2012|access-date=2013-08-11}}</ref> ==History== {{Communist parties}} The CPRF was founded on 14 February 1993 at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Russian Communists, where it declared itself to be the successor of the [[Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (CPRSFSR).<ref>American University (Washington, D.C.), and Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. M. V. Lomonosova. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMxDAQAAIAAJ Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization]'', volume 4. Washington, D.C.: Quality Press of the Southern Tier, 1996. p. 174.</ref> It formed through the merger of successor groups to the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU), including [[Roy Medvedev]]'s Socialist Party of the Working People (of left-socialist orientation), Alexei Prigarin's Union of Communists; and much of the membership of the [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[Russian Communist Workers Party]] (although party leader [[Viktor Anpilov]] rejected the new party).<ref>Richard Sakwa, ''Russian Politics and Society'', Routledge, 1996, p. 85.</ref> The CPRF quickly became the largest party in Russia, with 500,000 members soon after its founding, more than double all the other parties membership combined.<ref name="baijp242">Bozóki & Ishiyama, p. 242.</ref> [[Gennady Zyuganov]], a co-founder of the party along with senior former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] politicians [[Yegor Ligachev]], [[Anatoly Lukyanov]], Andrew Konstant and others, was elected to be party leader at the Second Extraordinary Congress.<ref name="baijp245"/> Zyuganov had been a harsh critic of [[Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev|Alexander Yakovlev]], the so-called "godfather of [[glasnost]]", on the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU Central Committee]]. After the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991, he became active in the Russian "national-patriotic" movement,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/research/russiaandeurasia/fyi108.cfm|title=Research|work=The Heritage Foundation|access-date=2009-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223045532/http://www.heritage.org/research/russiaandeurasia/fyi108.cfm|archive-date=2009-12-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1kkQYEq_P0C&pg=PA69|title=The Communist Party in Post-Soviet Russia|access-date=2011-02-19|isbn=9780719060441|last1=March|first1=Luke|year=2002}}</ref> being the chairman of the [[National Salvation Front (Russia)|National Salvation Front]] (some authors call him a [[Nationalism|nationalist]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Sakwa|first=Richard|title=Russian Politics and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wdQj-XmW4UC&pg=PA179|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-22753-7|page=179}}</ref> Following the CPRF's success in the [[1995 Russian legislative election|1995 legislative election]], it emerged as the primary opposition to incumbent President [[Boris Yeltsin]] for the [[1996 Russian presidential election|1996 presidential election]], whose approval rating was in single digits.<ref name="baijp249">Bozóki and Ishiyama, p. 249.</ref> In order to oppose Yeltsin, Zyuganov organised a "popular-patriotic bloc" of nationalist organisations to support his candidacy.<ref name="baijp249"/> After the election—which Yeltsin won with 54% of the vote—on 7 August 1996 the coalition supporting Zyuganov was transformed into an official organisation, the People's Patriotic Union of Russia (NPSR), consisting of more than 30 left-wing and nationalist organisations, including the [[Russian All-People's Union]], led by [[Sergey Baburin]]. Zyuganov was its chairman. It went on to support Zyuganov in the [[2000 Russian presidential election|2000 presidential election]]. The NPSR was meant to form the basis of a two-party system, with the NPSR opposing the ruling "[[party of power]]".<ref name="baijp249"/> The party suffered a sharp decline in the [[2003 Russian legislative election|2003 legislative election]], going from 113 seats to 52. Zyuganov called the 2003 elections a "revolting spectacle" and accused the Kremlin of setting up a "[[Potemkin village|Potemkin]] party", [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]], to steal its votes. The CPRF was endorsed by [[Sergey Baburin]]'s [[People's Union (Russia)|People's Union]] for the [[2007 Russian legislative election|2007 Russian parliamentary elections]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrey Shabaev|url=http://www.partinform.ru/new.htm|title=Партинформ. Материал последнего номера|publisher=partinform.ru|access-date=2011-02-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309025708/http://www.partinform.ru/new.htm|archive-date=2011-03-09}}</ref> In the [[2012 Russian presidential election|2012 presidential election]], Zyuganov denounced election irregularities in the [[2011 Russian legislative election|2011 legislative election]], but he also expressed his opposition to the organisers of the [[2011 Russian protests|mass demonstrations of December 2011]], which he viewed as orchestrated by ultra-liberals exploiting unrest. The party played only a minor role as a catalyst in the protests. Party rallies on 18 December 2011 in protest of election irregularities in [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] were attended by only a few thousand, mostly elderly, party supporters.<ref name="NYTCommunist">{{cite news|title=Where Communists See an Opening, Many Russians See a Closed Door|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/21/world/europe/communists-solidify-opposition-role-in-russia.html|access-date=2011-12-22|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 20, 2011|author=David M. Herszenhorn|quote=He, [Gennadi A. Zyuganov], has joined in popular protests against Mr. Putin's government, while seeking to block the rise of the liberal reformers leading those rallies by denouncing them as a subversive threat to Russia's future.}}</ref> In 2014, the party called for Russia to formally recognise the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/746089|title=TASS: Russia - Communist Party urges Russian leadership to recognise Novorossiya|work=TASS}}</ref> In 2021, the party's headquarters were raided by Russian authorities and a party official was barred from entering his office in the [[State Duma]] after it refused to accept the results of an online parliamentary election vote and attempting to file a lawsuit against the results.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-09-28|title=Police Search Communist Party Offices as Online Voting Controversy Continues|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/28/police-search-communist-party-offices-as-online-voting-controversy-continues-a75159|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-25|website=The Moscow Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928095811/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/28/police-search-communist-party-offices-as-online-voting-controversy-continues-a75159 |archive-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref> Following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the CPRF published a statement in support of the invasion and accused NATO of planning "to enslave Ukraine" and thus creating "critical threats to the security of Russia". It called for the "demilitarization and denazification" of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |title=The People of Ukraine Must Not Be a Victim of World Capital and Oligarchic Clans. Statement of the CPRF CC Presidium – Communist Party of the Russian Federation |url=https://cprf.ru/2022/02/the-people-of-ukraine-must-not-be-a-victim-of-world-capital-and-oligarchic-clans-statement-of-the-cprf-cc-presidium%ef%bf%bc/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> The party framed the conflict as that between the Ukrainian [[Banderites]] and fascists, who have been perpetrating genocide against Russian speakers, and liberating Russian forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kprf.ru/party-live/cknews/209010.html |title=Новые акты нацистского террора на Украине |publisher=Kprf.ru |date=2022-03-06 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Зюганов Геннадий Андреевич |url=https://kprf.ru/party-live/cknews/208964.html |title=Г.А. Зюганов: Нет фашизму на нашей земле! |publisher=Kprf.ru |date=2022-03-04 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref> The CPRF also accused the United States and NATO of deploying European fascist sympathizers and Middle Eastern terrorists to Ukraine to fight the Russian army.<ref>{{cite web|author=Зюганов Геннадий Андреевич |url=https://kprf.ru/party-live/cknews/208990.html |title=Фашисты из Европы и террористы с Ближнего Востока поддерживают нацистов-бандеровцев. Заявление Председателя ЦК КПРФ Г.А. Зюганова |publisher=Kprf.ru |date=2022-03-05 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref> Three members of CPRF's Duma caucus, [[Vyacheslav Markhayev|Vyacheslav Markhaev]], Mykhailo Matveev, and [[Oleg Smolin]], have expressed opposition to the war thus far.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/28/7326641/ |title=Third member of Derzhavna Duma condemns the war against Ukraine |publisher=Ukrayinska Pravda |date=2022-02-26 |accessdate=2022-03-02}}</ref> As a result of the party's actions of supporting the invasion of Ukraine, 54 of the 57 CPRF lawmakers, including Zyuganov, have been sanctioned by the [[United States Department of Treasury]], [[HM Treasury]] of the United Kingdom, [[Global Affairs Canada]], Japan, Australia and the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-28/sanctions-imposed-so-far-on-russia-from-the-u-s-eu-and-u-k |title=The Sanctions Imposed So Far on Russia From the U.S., EU and U.K. |first=Daniel |last=Flatley |first2=John |last2=Follain |first3=Alex |last3=Morales |orig-date=28 February 2022 |date=31 March 2022 |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=From: Global Affairs Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2022/02/canada-imposes-additional-economic-measures-on-russia-in-response-to-russias-attack-on-ukraine.html |title=Canada imposes additional economic measures on Russia in response to Russia’s attack on Ukraine |publisher=Canada.ca |date=2022-02-24 |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L00192 |title=Autonomous Sanctions (Designated Persons and Entities and Declared Persons—Ukraine) Amendment (No. 4) Instrument 2022 |publisher=Legislation.gov.au |date= |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.newizv.ru/news/world/15-03-2022/gennady-zyuganov-and-viktor-vekselberg-fell-under-japanese-sanctions?amp=1 |title=Gennady Zyuganov and Viktor Vekselberg are sanctioned by Japan |publisher=En.newizv.ru |date=2022-03-15 |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref><ref>[[Office of Foreign Assets Control]]. "Notice of OFAC Sanctions Actions" published 17 March 2022. {{Federal Register|87|15305}}</ref> == Ideology == [[File:XIII съезд КПРФ.JPG|thumb|250px|XIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 2008]] The party's current programme was adapted in 2008, where the CPRF declared that it is the only political organisation that consistently upholds the rights of the workers and national interests. According to the programme, the strategic goal of the party is to build in Russia a "renewed socialism, socialism of the 21st century".<ref name="kprf.ru">{{cite web|url=http://kprf.ru/party/program/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050102215355/http://www.kprf.ru/party/program/|archive-date=2005-01-02|url-status=dead|title=Программа партии|access-date=2015-03-13}}</ref> The program of the Communist Party declared that the party is guided by [[Marxism–Leninism]], based on the experience and achievements of domestic and world science and culture. According to the party, there comes a "confrontation between the [[New world order (politics)|New World Order]] and the Russian people with its thousand-year history, and with its qualities", "communality and great power, deep faith, undying altruism and decisive rejection of lures mercantile bourgeois liberal-democratic paradise".<ref>Зюганов Г. А. Кадры партии в действии. — М.: ИТРК, 2001. — с. 11. — {{ISBN|5-88010-083-9}}</ref> According to its program,<ref name="kprf.ru"/> the CPRF considers it necessary to reform the country in three phases. In the first phase, it is needed to achieve workers' power through representation by a coalition led by the CPRF. Achieving this goal will help eliminate the devastation from the standpoint of the party, the consequences conducted in the past decade of reforms, in particular by the nationalisation of property privatised in the 1990s. However, in this case small producers will remain and moreover will be organised to protect them from robbery by "big business, bureaucrats, and mafia groups". It is planned to reform the management of enterprises through the creation of [[Workers' council|councils]] at various levels. The party also plans to transform Russia into a [[Soviet republic (system of government)|Soviet republic]].{{citation needed | date = December 2017}} In the second stage, the role of councils and [[trade union]]s will increase even more. A gradual transition in the economy will be made to a socialist form of [[Economics|economic activity]], but a small private equity is still retained. Finally, the third phase is to build [[socialism]]. The First Secretary Gennady Zyuganov also expressed that they should learn from China's successful example and build Russian socialism. He also encouraged all party members to read "Selected works of Deng Xiaoping". He said during his visit to China in 2008: "Had we learned from the success of China earlier, the Soviet Union would not have dissolved".<ref name="ce.cn">{{cite web|url=http://www.ce.cn/culture/rw/wg/xw/200801/26/t20080126_14371297.shtml|title=久加诺夫:俄共党员应好好学习《邓小平文选》(图)_中国经济网——国家经济门户|work=ce.cn|access-date=2014-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201701/http://www.ce.cn/culture/rw/wg/xw/200801/26/t20080126_14371297.shtml|archive-date=2015-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-01-30/102214861843.shtml|title=俄共主席访华自称只求公平一战|work=sina.com.cn}}</ref> === Party programme === [[File:Moscow rally 1 May 2012 19.JPG|thumb|Communist protesters with a sign portraying an "order of dismissal" for [[Vladimir Putin]] for "betrayal of the national interests", Moscow, 1 May 2012]] Under the present conditions in the Russian Federation, the CPRF calls for the following proposals:<ref name="kprf.ru"/> * Stop the extinction of the country, restore benefits for large families, reconstruct the network of public kindergartens and provide housing for young families. * Nationalise natural resources in Russia and the strategic sectors of the economy; revenues in these industries are to be used in the interests of all citizens. * Return to Russia from foreign banks the state financial reserves and use them for economic and social development. * Break the system of total fraud in the elections. * Create a truly independent judiciary. * Carry out an immediate package of measures to combat poverty and introduce price controls on essential goods. * Not raise the retirement age. * Restore government responsibility for housing and utilities, establish fees for municipal services in an amount not more than 10% of family income, stop the eviction of people to the streets and expand public housing. * Increase funding for science and scientists to provide decent wages and all the necessary research. * Restore the highest standards of universal and free secondary and higher education that existed during the Soviet era. * Ensure the availability and quality of health care. * Vigorously develop high-tech manufacturing. * Ensure the food and environmental security of the country and support the large collective farms for the production and processing of agricultural products. * Prioritise [[domestic debt]] over [[foreign debt]] * Introduce progressive taxation; low-income citizens will be exempt from paying taxes. * Create conditions for development of small and medium enterprises. * Ensure the accessibility of cultural goods, stop the commercialisation of culture, defend Russian culture as the foundation of the spiritual unity of multinational Russia, the national culture of all citizens of the country. * Stop the slandering of the [[History of Russia|Russian]] and [[History of the Soviet Union|Soviet history]]. * Take drastic measures to suppress corruption and crime. * Strengthen national defense and expand social guarantees to servicemen and law enforcement officials. * Ensure the territorial integrity of Russia and the protection of compatriots abroad. * Institute a foreign policy based on mutual respect of countries and peoples to facilitate the voluntary restoration of the Union of States. The party is in favour of cooperation with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kprf.ru/rus_soc/61751.html|title=Г.А. Зюганов о кончине Патриарха Алексия Второго: Он внес огромный вклад в дело возрождения церкви|work=kprf.ru}}</ref> According to the words of [[Gennady Zyuganov|Zyuganov]], the CPRF is a party of scientific, but not militant [[atheism]]. [[Propaganda]] of any [[religion]] is banned inside the party.<ref>[http://kprf.ru/pravda/issues/2012/111/article-41057/ Актуальные вопросы совершенствования идейно-теоретической работы партии] (2012)</ref> The CPRF celebrates the rule of [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20190404/1552382644.html |title=Зюганов отреагировал на слова генсека НАТО о Сталине - РИА Новости, 03.03.2020 |publisher=Ria.ru |date= 4 April 2019|accessdate=2022-03-02}}</ref> Zyuganov and the party support social conservatism and voted in favor of the ban on the "promotion of non-traditional sexual relations to minors", commonly known as the [[Russian gay propaganda law]].<ref>https://www.rbc.ru/politics/23/10/2015/5629f3689a7947066e293618 {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://themoscownews.com/politics/20140129/192192050-print/Russian-State-Duma-Possessed-printer-or-executor-of-the-peoples.html|title=Russian State Duma: 'Possessed printer' or executor of the people's will?|last=Antonova|first=Natalia|date=29 January 2014|work=themoscownews.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301042652/http://themoscownews.com/politics/20140129/192192050-print/Russian-State-Duma-Possessed-printer-or-executor-of-the-peoples.html|archive-date=1 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2013/06/11/russian-mps-vote-overwhelmingly-to-outlaw-gay-propaganda|title=Russian MPs vote overwhelmingly to outlaw gay 'propaganda'|date=11 June 2013|publisher=[[EuroNews]]|access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref> ===Internal factions=== Since its founding the CPRF has had several distinct internal factions:<ref name="baijp244">Bozóki & Ishiyama, p244</ref> *[[Left-wing nationalism|Left-wing nationalists]]. CPRF leader Gennady Zyuganov is from this tendency. The left-wing nationalists in the party identify socialism historically with Russia and Russia culturally with socialism. They are influenced by the writings of historian [[Lev Gumilyov]] and see class struggle as having evolved into struggle between civilisations.<ref name="baijp245"/> *[[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninists]]. The Marxist–Leninist faction of the party has a traditional [[Leninist]] understanding of class struggle and socialism. They are against both nationalism and social democracy. This tendency is heavily reflected in the party's rank-and-file membership. [[Richard Kosolapov]] was a prominent member of this group.<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrey Shabaev|url=http://www.partinform.ru/ros_mn/rm_5.htm |title=Российская многопартийность. Глава 5|publisher=www.partinform.ru|access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> *[[Reformism|Reformers]]. The party's reformers are [[Social democracy|social democratic]] or [[Eurocommunism|reform-communists]], who have a generally critical view of the Soviet Union. This faction had a majority at the Second Extraordinary Congress, but has declined since then.<ref name="baijp245"/> == Party structure == [[File:Communist Party of the Russian Federation meeting at Manezhnaya Square 3, Moscow, 2011-12-18.jpg|thumb|250px|Communist Party rally on [[Manezhnaya Square, Moscow]], 18 December 2011]] The CPRF is legally registered in Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://minjust.ru/nko/gosreg/partii/spisok|title=Список зарегистрированных политических партий|work=minjust.ru}}</ref> In organisational terms, it largely mirrors the CPSU, with the party being led by a Central Committee with a commitment to [[democratic centralism]].<ref name="baijp243">Bozóki & Ishiyama, p243</ref> It has regional offices in 81 federal subjects.<ref name="minjust.ru">http://minjust.ru/node/2266 {{dead link|date=August 2019|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Each regional office is controlled by the local (oblast, city, etc.) committee, headed by the First Secretary. The headquarters of the party is in [[Moscow]]. The [[Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation]] is the youth organisation of the party. === International cooperation === In 1993, the party founded the [[Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. Since 2001, the organisation has been led by Gennady Zyuganov and it became part of the Central Committee. The party has friendly relations with the [[Party of the European Left]], but it is not a member of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kprf.ru/international/102237.html|title=И.И. Мельников встретился с делегацией Европарламента|work=kprf.ru}}</ref> The party also has friendly relations with the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kprf.ru/international/94550.html|title=90 лет Коммунистической партии Китая. "Круглый стол" в редакции газеты "Правда"|work=kprf.ru}}</ref> On 24 March 2017, the party sent a delegation to [[North Korea]] and signed a "protocol on cooperation" with the [[Workers' Party of Korea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://naenara.com.kp/en/order/pytimes/index.php?page=Affairs&no=17793|title=Russian dignitaries visit DPRK|publisher=[[Naenara]]}}</ref> During the visit, a stone was placed in the [[Juche Tower]]. In October 2017 the party hosted the 19th [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties]] in the city of Saint Petersburg, marking the centenary of the [[October Revolution]], with an attendance of over 100 parties from around the globe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcp.pt/partidos-comunistas-operarios-assinalam-centenario-da-revolucao-de-outubro|title=Partidos comunistas e operários assinalam centenário da Revolução de Outubro|work=pcp.pt}}</ref> === Media === ''[[Pravda]]'' is the newspaper of the Communist Party;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kprf.ru/rus_soc/62045.html|title=Г.А. Зюганов в "Интерфаксе": КПРФ – реальная политическая сила, способная вывести страну из тяжелого кризиса|work=kprf.ru}}</ref> it has more than 30 regional editions. [[Left-wing nationalism|Left-wing nationalist]] newspaper ''[[Sovetskaya Rossiya]]'' has also friendly ties with the Communist Party, but is not officially affiliated with it. Ultra-nationalist newspaper ''[[Zavtra]]'' used to support the Communist Party, but in 2005 it switched its support to [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]].<ref>[http://www.orodine.ru/kniga/party4e.pdf ''"Party Number Four", Rodina: Whence and Why?''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126214940/http://orodine.ru/kniga/party4e.pdf |date=2013-11-26 }}, by Alexei Titkov, Panorama Centre, Moscow, 2006, {{ISBN|5-94420-021-9}}, p24-25.</ref> === Finances === According to the financial report of the CPRF, in 2006 the party received ₽127,453,237 rubles (3,998,835 US$): * 29% – membership fees * 30% – the federal budget * 6% – donations * 35% – other incomes In 2006, the party spent 116,823,489 rubles (3,665,328 US$): * 5% – for the maintenance of regional offices * 21% – on promotion (information, advertising, publishing and printing) * 10% – the content of the governing bodies * 7% – the preparation and conduct of elections and referenda * 36% – content publishers, media and educational institutions On 19 October 2008, the leader of the party Gennady Zyuganov appealed to the citizens of Russia to financially support the party to implement its policy goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ria.ru/politics/20081019/153484963.html|title=Коммунисты просят россиян материально поддержать партию|work=РИА Новости|date=2008-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.mail.ru/politics/2105744/|title=Коммунисты просят россиян материально поддержать партию|work=Новости Mail. Ru|access-date=2012-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114004414/http://news.mail.ru/politics/2105744/|archive-date=2012-01-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Popular support and electoral results == The CPRF is strong in large cities and major industrial and scientific centers ("[[naukograd]]s") as well as in the small towns and cities around [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orenkprf.narod.ru/ookkprf.html |script-title=ru:Оренбургский Областной Комитет КПРФ |access-date=2009-02-05 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828113147/http://orenkprf.narod.ru/ookkprf.html |archive-date=August 28, 2009 }}</ref> One of the few polling stations that gave a success to the CPRF during the [[2007 Russian legislative election]] was at [[Moscow State University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apn.ru/publications/article18702.htm|script-title=ru:Агентство Политических Новостей|access-date=2007-12-14|language=ru|work=Agency of Political News}}</ref> The CPRF is also strong in the [[Russian Far East|far east of Russia]], in [[Siberia]], and the [[Urals]].<ref name="baijp253">Bozóki & Ishiyama, p253</ref> === Presidential elections === In all presidential elections that have been held in the Russian Federation, the CRPF's candidate has finished second. In 2012, several opposition politicians, including [[Boris Nemtsov]], posited that Dmitry Medvedev admitted to them that Zyuganov would actually have won the [[1996 Russian presidential election]] if not for fraud in favor of [[Boris Yeltsin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pvda.be/nieuws/artikel/rusland-belangrijkste-oppositie-doodgezwegen.html|title=Nieuws|work=PVDA|access-date=2012-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214192622/http://www.pvda.be/nieuws/artikel/rusland-belangrijkste-oppositie-doodgezwegen.html|archive-date=2013-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107565,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224190926/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2107565,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2012|title=Russia: Did Yeltsin Steal the 1996 Presidential Vote? |date=24 February 2012|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://exiledonline.com/how-the-west-helped-invent-russias-election-fraud-osce-whistleblower-exposes-1996-whitewash/|title=How The West Helped Invent Russia's Election Fraud: OSCE Whistleblower Exposes 1996 Whitewash - By Alexander Zaitchik and Mark Ames - The eXiled|work=exiledonline.com}}</ref> According to the official results, Zyuganov received 17.18% of the votes in the [[2012 Russian presidential election]]. According to independent observers, there was large-scale fraud in favor of [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnr.nl/topic/politiek/184310-1203/fraude-bij-verkiezing-rusland|title=Fraude bij verkiezing Rusland|work=BNR Nieuwsradio}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nos.nl/artikel/347832-fraudeberichten-uit-rusland.html|title=Fraudeberichten uit Rusland|work=nos.nl}}</ref> Zyuganov called the election "one of thieves, and absolutely dishonest and unworthy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=DMF20120304_064|title=Oppositie noemt stembusgang oneerlijk|author=sad|work=De Standaard}}</ref> {| class=wikitable style=text-align:right |- ! rowspan="2" | Election ! rowspan="2" | Candidate ! colspan="2" scope="col" | First round ! colspan="2" | Second round ! rowspan="2" | Result |- ! Votes ! % ! Votes ! % |- ![[1996 Russian presidential election|1996]] |[[Gennady Zyuganov]] |24,211,686 |32.03 |30,102,288 |40.31 |{{no2|Lost}} |- ![[2000 Russian presidential election|2000]] |align=left| [[Gennady Zyuganov]] |21,928,468 |29.21 | style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| |{{no2|Lost}} |- ![[2004 Russian presidential election|2004]] |align=left| [[Nikolay Kharitonov]] |9,513,313 |13.69 | style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| |{{no2|Lost}} |- ![[2008 Russian presidential election|2008]] |[[Gennady Zyuganov]] |13,243,550 |17.72 | style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| |{{no2|Lost}} |- ![[2012 Russian presidential election|2012]] |align=left| [[Gennady Zyuganov]] |12,318,353 |17.18 | style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| |{{no2|Lost}} |- ![[2018 Russian presidential election|2018]] |align=left| [[Pavel Grudinin]] |8,659,206 |11.77 | style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| |{{no2|Lost}} |} === Parliamentary elections === {| class=wikitable style=text-align:right |- ! Election ! Leader ! Votes ! % ! Seats ! +/– ! Rank ! Government |- ![[1993 Russian legislative election|1993]] | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="10"|[[Gennady Zyuganov]] |6,666,402 |12.40 |{{composition bar|42|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | style="background:lightgrey;"| |3rd |{{no2|Opposition}} |- ! rowspan="3" |[[1995 Russian legislative election|1995]] | rowspan="3" | 15,432,963 | rowspan="3" |22.30 | rowspan="3" |{{composition bar|157|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} | rowspan="3" |{{increase}} 115 | rowspan="3" |{{increase}} '''1st''' |{{No2|Opposition}} (1995–1998) |- |{{yes2|[[Yevgeny Primakov's Cabinet|Coalition]]}} (1998–1999) |- |{{No2|Opposition}} (1999) |- ![[1999 Russian legislative election|1999]] |16,196,024 |24.29 |{{composition bar|113|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{decrease}} 44 |{{steady}} '''1st''' |{{No2|Opposition}} |- ![[2003 Russian legislative election|2003]] |7,647,820 |12.61 |{{composition bar|51|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{decrease}} 62 |{{decrease}} 2nd |{{no2|Opposition}} |- ![[2007 Russian legislative election|2007]] |8,046,886 |11.57 |{{composition bar|57|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{increase}} 6 |{{steady}} 2nd |{{no2|Opposition}} |- ![[2011 Russian legislative election|2011]] |12,599,507 |19.19 |{{composition bar|92|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{increase}} 35 |{{steady}} 2nd |{{no2|Opposition}} |- ![[2016 Russian legislative election|2016]] |7,019,752 |13.34 |{{composition bar|42|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{decrease}} 50 |{{steady}} 2nd |{{no2|Opposition}} |- ![[2021 Russian legislative election|2021]] |10,660,599 |18.93 |{{composition bar|57|450|hex={{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}}} |{{increase}} 15 |{{steady}} 2nd |{{no2|Opposition}} |} ==== Parliamentary election results by oblast ==== {|class="wikitable" |+'''Results of the CPRF in national elections''' |- style="text-align: center;" !Region !2003<br />% !2007<br />% !2011<br />% |- |[[Murmansk Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|7.44 |style="text-align: right;"|17.47 |style="text-align: right;"|21.76 |- |[[Komi Republic]] |style="text-align: right;"|8.72 |style="text-align: right;"|14.23 |style="text-align: right;"|13.46 |- |[[Vologda Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|8.77 |style="text-align: right;"|13.44 |style="text-align: right;"|16.78 |- |[[Leningrad Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|9.05 |style="text-align: right;"|17.07 |style="text-align: right;"|17.31 |- |[[Saint Petersburg]] |style="text-align: right;"|8.48 |style="text-align: right;"|16.02 |style="text-align: right;"|15.50 |- |[[Pskov Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|15.17 |style="text-align: right;"|19.41 |style="text-align: right;"|25.13 |- |[[Moscow Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|9.67 |style="text-align: right;"|18.81 |style="text-align: right;"|19.35 |- |[[Oryol Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|16.28 |style="text-align: right;"|17.58 |style="text-align: right;"|31.98 |- |[[Samara Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|17.38 |style="text-align: right;"|18.39 |style="text-align: right;"|23.13 |- |[[Stavropol Krai]] |style="text-align: right;"|13.70 |style="text-align: right;"|14.28 |style="text-align:right;"|18.40 |- |[[Dagestan]] |style="text-align: right;"|18.31 |style="text-align: right;"|6.64 |style="text-align: right;"|8.38 |- |[[Omsk Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|16.23 |style="text-align: right;"|22.90 |style="text-align: right;"|21.87 |- |[[Tyumen Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|9.94 |style="text-align: right;"|8.43 |style="text-align: right;"|11.74 |- |[[Tomsk Oblast]] |style="text-align: right;"|12.60 |style="text-align: right;"|13.37 |style="text-align: right;"|22.39 |- |'''National''' |style="text-align: right;"|'''12.61''' |style="text-align: right;"|'''11.57''' |style="text-align: right;"|'''19.20''' |} === Regional elections === In February 2005, the CPRF defeated the ruling pro-Kremlin party [[United Russia]] in elections to the regional legislature of [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]], obtaining 27% of the popular vote. In the [[Moscow]] [[Duma]] election held on 4 December 2005, the party won 16.75% and 4 seats, the best ever result for the CPRF in Moscow. In the opinion of some observers,{{which|date=November 2014}} the absence of the [[Motherland (Russia)|Rodina]] party contributed to the Communists' success. On 11 March 2007, elections took place for 14 regional and local legislatures. The CPRF performed very well and increased its votes in most of the territories; it came second in [[Oryol Oblast]] (23.78%), [[Omsk Oblast]] (22.58%), [[Pskov Oblast]] (19.21%) and [[Samara Oblast]] (18.87%), [[Moscow Oblast]] (18.80%), [[Murmansk Oblast]] (17.51%) and [[Tomsk Oblast]] (13.37%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cprf.ru/news/party_news/48021.html |title=Официальный сайт КПРФ |publisher=Cprf.ru |access-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> These results testify that the CPRF is the most significant opposition party in Russia. On 21 May 2007, the CPRF obtained an important success in the [[Volgograd]]'s mayoral election. Communist candidate [[Roman Grebennikov]] won election as mayor with 32.47% of the vote and became the youngest mayor of a regional capital. In 2008, Roman Grebennikov switched his allegiance to United Russia, angering many Communists who accused him of using the CPRF as a tool to become elected. On 7 April 2011, the CPRF candidate Ilya Potapov won the [[mayor]]al election in the town of [[Berdsk]] with a landslide victory over the United Russia candidates. In 2015 gubernatorial elections, party's nominee [[Sergey Levchenko]] won the gubernatorial election in [[Irkutsk Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2015/09/27_a_7781729.shtml|title=Иркутский проигрыш "Единой России"|website=Газета.Ru}}</ref> In the [[2018 Russian gubernatorial elections|2018 gubernatorial elections]], Communist Party candidates [[Andrey Klychkov]] and [[Valentin Konovalov]] won the gubernatorial elections in the [[Oryol Oblast]] and [[Khakassia]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Коновалов набирает 57,5% на выборах главы Хакасии|url=https://tass.ru/politika/5779776|work=ТАСС|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref><ref>[https://ria.ru/politics/20180910/1528219456.html Клычков вступит в должность главы Орловской области 14 сентября]</ref> In addition, in the [[September 2018 Primorsky Krai gubernatorial election|election in Primorsky Krai]], the party's candidate [[Andrey Ishchenko]] could pass in the second round of election in which lost, by official results. The result of those elections was declared invalid due to a large number of violations in connection with which recall election were scheduled for December 2018, but the Communist Party decided not to nominate its candidate for the new election.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3791621|title=Выборы губернатора Приморья пройдут без участия КПРФ|journal=Коммерсантъ|via=Kommersant}}</ref> In the 2018 elections to the regional parliaments, the Communist Party took first place in the voting on party lists in three regions. However, in two regions, [[United Russia]] still managed to get a relative majority in regional parliaments at the expense of deputies-single-mandate holders. Nevertheless, in Irkutsk Oblast, the party received a relative majority and is the largest faction in the Legislative Assembly. Thus, Irkutsk Oblast is currently the only region in which both branches of government (executive and legislative) are controlled by the Communist Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/politika/5544413|title=КПРФ побеждает по партийным спискам на выборах в заксобрания трех регионов из 16|website=ТАСС}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Results of the CPRF in regional parliamentary elections |- style="text-align: center;" !Region !2003–2005<br />% !2009<br />% |- |[[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] |8.61 |16.67 |- |[[Bryansk Oblast]] |18.57 |22.76 |- |[[Vladimir Oblast]] |20.33 |27.75 |- |[[Volgograd Oblast]] |25.83 |23.57 |- |[[Kabardino-Balkaria]] |8.69 |8.36 |- |[[Karachay–Cherkessia]] |15.57 |10.07 |- |[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] |25.86 |20.51 |- |[[Tatarstan]] |6.34 |11.15 |- |[[Khakassia]] |7.04 |14.69 |- |'''Total''' |'''12.79''' |'''15.88''' |} == Criticism == [[Marxism|Marxist]] theoretician [[Boris Kagarlitsky]] wrote in 2001: "It is enough to recall that within the Communist movement itself, Zyuganov's party was at first neither the sole organisation, nor the largest. Bit by bit, however, all other Communist organisations were forced out of political life. This occurred not because the organisations in question were weak, but because it was the CPRF that had received the Kremlin's official approval as the sole recognised opposition".<ref>{{cite web |last=Kagarlitsky |first=Boris |url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/russia-there-life-kprf-after-yeltsin |title=RUSSIA: Is there life for KPRF after Yeltsin? |work=Green Left Weekly |date=2001-01-17 |access-date=2022-03-06}}</ref> Andrei Brezhnev, grandson of [[List of leaders of the Soviet Union|Soviet leader]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]], has criticised the CPRF's Zyuganov's [[rapprochement]] with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/10/world/the-saturday-profile-a-different-kind-of-brezhnev-in-the-making.html?pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |title=The Saturday Profile; A Different Kind of Brezhnev in the Making |date=2002-08-10 |access-date=2010-03-28}}</ref> == Gallery == ===Flags=== <gallery> File:KPRF Flag.svg|Flag of the CPRF File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|Flag of the Soviet Union File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.svg|Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic </gallery> ===Photo Gallery=== <gallery> File:RIAN archive 783695 The leader of the CPRF Gennady Zyuganov at the Red Square.jpg|Zyuganov with members of the [[Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation]] File:Communist demonstration in Red Square July 2009.JPG|Demonstration of communists on the [[Red Square]] File:Верной дорогой идёте, товарищи!.JPG|Communists marching on [[International Workers' Day]] in 2009, [[Severodvinsk]] File:RIAN archive 371352 Communist Party supporters rally in Moscow's Triumfalnaya Square.jpg|The Communist Party holds a demonstration on [[Triumfalnaya Square]] in Moscow File:Communist Party of the Russian Federation meeting at Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, 2011-12-18.jpg|Demonstration of the party File:RIAN archive 535278 Laying flowers and wreaths to Iosif Stalin's grave at Kremlin wall.jpg|Party members lay down flowers at the tomb of [[Joseph Stalin]] File:Партийный билет КПРФ.JPG|Party membership card </gallery> ==See also== {{portal|Communism|Politics|Soviet Union|Russia}} *[[MFK KPRF]] *[[Chinese Communist Party]] *[[Communist Party of Cuba]] *[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] *[[Communist Party USA]] *[[Communist Party of Vietnam]] *[[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]] *[[Workers' Party of Korea]] == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Further reading == * Syed Mohsin Hashim (March 1999). ''KPRF ideology and its implications for democratization in Russia''. ''Communist and Post-Communist Studies''. Vol. 32. Iss. 1. pp.&nbsp;77–89. *Lisa Horner (23 January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090227160511/http://www.sras.org/communist_party_russian_federation_cprf "Communism and the CPRF in Modern Russia"] • ''The School of Russian and Asian Studies''. * Miriam Elder (14 October 2009) (updated 30 May 2010). [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/mexico/091014/communism-love-affair "Communism: a love affair? The tyranny of daily bribes has many Russians nostalgic for Soviet social services"] • ''[[The Global Post]]''. == External links == {{Commons category|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}} * [https://kprf.ru/ Official website] {{Navboxes | title = Articles related to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation | state = collapsed | list1 = {{Communist Party of the Russian Federation}} {{Russian political parties}} {{Left-wing parties in the Russian Federation}} {{European communist parties}} {{Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of the Russian Federation}} [[Category:Communist Party of the Russian Federation| ]] [[Category:1993 establishments in Russia]] [[Category:Communist parties in Russia]] [[Category:Eurosceptic parties in Russia]] [[Category:Neo-Sovietism]] [[Category:Social conservative parties]] [[Category:Neo-Stalinist parties]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1993]] [[Category:Organizations that oppose LGBT rights]] [[Category:Registered political parties in Russia]] [[Category:Far-left politics in Russia]] [[Category:International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties]]'