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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Administrative unit of the Russian Empire (1795–1918)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
| native_name = Kurländisches Gouvernement<br />Курля́ндская губе́рния
| conventional_long_name = Governorate of Courland
| common_name = Courland
| subdivision = Governorate
| nation = the [[Russian Empire]]
| year_start = 1795
| event_start = Partition of Poland
| date_start = 28 March
| event_post = Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
| date_post = 1918
| event_end = [[Ober Ost|German occupation]]
| year_end = 1918
| p1 = Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
| flag_p1 = Flag of Courland (state).svg
| s1 = Ober Ost
| flag_s1 = War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg
| s2 =
| flag_s2 =
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Kurlandia Governorate 1856.svg
| image_map = Courland in Russian Empire (1914).svg
| image_map_caption = Courland Governorate of the [[Russian Empire]]
| capital = [[Jelgava|Mitau]]
| political_subdiv = 9
| stat_pop1 = 674,034
| stat_year1 = ([[Russian Empire Census|1897]])
| today = [[Latvia]]<BR>[[Lithuania]]
| DivisionsMap = [[File:CourlandGovernorate1914.png|200px]]
| divisions_map_caption = Subdivisions or [[uyezd]]s of Courland Governorate
| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Courland_Governorate.svg
| flag_type = Flag of Courland
}}
{{History of Latvia}}
The '''Courland Governorate''', also known as the '''Province of Courland''',<ref name="TEC">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ah8lAAAAMAAJ&pg The English Cyclopaedia By Charles Knigh]</ref> '''Governorate of Kurland'''<ref>[http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319083729/http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf |date=19 March 2009 }}</ref> ({{lang-de|Kurländisches Gouvernement}}; {{lang-ru|Курля́ндская губерния|translit=Kurljándskaja gubernija}}; {{lang-lv|Kurzemes guberņa}}; {{lang-lt|Kuršo gubernija}}; {{lang-et|Kuramaa kubermang}}) was one of the [[Baltic governorates]] of the [[Russian Empire]], that is now part of the [[Republic of Latvia]].
[[File:1820 Курляндская Губерния.jpg|thumb|right|German and Russian map of the Courland Governorate]]
The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at [[Jelgava|Mitau]] (now Jelgava), following the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Until the late 19th century the governorate was not ruled by Russia but was administered independently by the local [[Baltic nobility|Baltic German nobility]] through a feudal Regional Council ({{lang-de|link=no|Landtag}}).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Baltic States and Their Region |last=Smith |first= David James |year=2005 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-1666-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSNML8BlGkUC&pg=PA234}}</ref>
It ceased to exist during [[World War I]] after the [[German Empire]] took control of the region in 1918. Russia surrendered the territory by the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] on 3 March 1918.
==Geography==
The governorate was bounded in the north by the [[Baltic Sea]], the [[Gulf of Riga]] and the [[Governorate of Livonia]]; west by the Baltic Sea; south by the [[Vilna Governorate]] and [[Prussia]] and east by the [[Vitebsk Governorate]] and [[Minsk Governorate]]. The population in 1846 was estimated at 553,300.<ref name="TEC"/>
It was situated between 55°41' and 57°45½' N. Of its total border of 1,260 versts (1,344 km), the sea border is 320 versts (341 km). The border with Prussia is only 6 versts (6.4 km) long and lacks natural boundaries.
The surface area of the province is 23,977 square [[versts]] (27,290 km²).
==Subdivisions==
The governorate was subdivided into 10 counties ({{lang-de|Kreis}}; {{lang-ru|Uyezd|link=Uyezd}})
*[[Kreis Bauske]] – [[Bauska|Bauske]] (now Bauska)
*[[Kreis Doblen]] – [[Dobele|Dohlen]] (now Dobele)
*[[Kreis Friedrichstadt]] – [[Jaunjelgava|Friedrichstadt]] (now Jaunjelgava)
*[[Kreis Goldingen]] – [[Kuldīga|Goldingen]] (now Kuldīga)
*[[Kreis Grobin]] – [[Grobiņa|Grobin]] (now Grobiņa)
*[[Kreis Hasenpoth]] – [[Aizpute|Hasenpoth]] (now Aizpute)
*[[Kreis Illuxt]] – [[Ilūkste|Illuxt]] (now Ilūkste)
*[[Kreis Talsen]] – [[Talsi|Talsen]] (now Talsi)
*[[Kreis Tuckum]] – [[Tukums|Tuckum]] (now Tukums)
*[[Kreis Windau]] – [[Ventspils|Windau]] (now Ventspils)
==Law==
The highest court is the Courts of Kurland (Kurländisches Oberhofgericht), the courts of appeal are the Higher Hauptmanns Courts (Oberhauptmannsgericht), The courts of first instance are the Hauptmannsgericht , the county courts (kreisgericht) for the peasantry, and the lowest level of the court system for the peasantry are the parish courts (Gemeindegericht)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Система управления Прибалтикой — Студопедия |url=https://studopedia.ru/12_4742_sistema-upravleniya-pribaltikoy.html |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=studopedia.ru}}</ref>.
==Administration ==
Between 1800 and 1876 overall authority in Courland was handed to the governor-general of the [[Baltic governorates|Baltic Provinces]] (German: ''Generalgouverneur der Ostseeprovinzen'').
*1795 – 1796 Baron [[Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen]] (temporary governor-general of Courland and Pilten)
*1796 – 1798 Count Gustav Matthias Jakob von der Wenge genannt Lambsdorff
*1798 – 1800 Baron Wilhelm Carl Heinrich von der Oest genannt Driesen
*1800 – 1808 Nikolay Ivanovich Arsenyev
*1808 Jakob Maximilian von Brieskorn (acting governor on 18–21 May 1812)
*1808 – 1811 Baron Jan Willem Hogguer
*1811 Jakob Maximilian von Brieskorn (acting governor in August–September 1812)
*1811 – 1816 Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers (1748–1823) (in exile in Riga during Napoleonic invasion of Courland in July–December 1812)
*1812 Jules de Chambaudoin and Charles de Montigny (French intendants of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten on 1 August-8 October 1812)
*1812 Jacques David Martin (French governor-general of Courland on 8 October-20 December 1812)
*1816 – 1824 Emannuel von Stanecke
*1824 – 1827 Paul Theodor von Hahn (1793–1862)
*1827 – 1853 Christoph Engelbrecht von Brevern
*1853 Aleksandr Petrovich Beklemishev (acting governor on 10 May–14 June 1853)
*1853 – 1858 [[Pyotr Valuyev|Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev]]
*1858 {{ill|Julius von Cube|de|Julius Gustav von Cube}} (acting governor on 10–21 May 1858)
*1858 – 1868 Johann von Brevern
*1868 – 1885 [[Paul von Lilienfeld|Paul Frommhold Ignatius von Lilienfeld-Toal]]
*1885 Aleksandr Alekseyevich Manyos
*1885 – 1888 Konstantin Ivanovich Pashchenko
*1888 – 1891 [[Dmitry Sipyagin|Dmitry Sergeyevich Sipyagin]]
*1891 – 1905 Dmitry Dmitriyevich Sverbeyev
*1905 – 1906 [[Woldemar von Boeckmann|Woldemar Alexander Valerian von Boeckmann]]
*1906 – 1910 Leonid Mikhailovich Knyazev
*1910 Nikolay Dmitriyevich Kropotkin
*1910 – 1915 {{ill|Sergey Dimitriyevich Nabokov|ru|Набоков, Сергей Дмитриевич}}
*1915–1917 Tatishchev, Pyotr Vasilyevich Gendrikov, Strakhov (in exile in Tartu after the German invasion of Courland in July 1915).
In March 1918 the Baltic provinces were transferred to German authority following the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]].
==Language==
*By the Imperial census of 1897.<ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php?reg=47 Language Statistics of 1897] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> In '''bold''' are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|'''[[Latvian language|Latvian]]'''
|507 511
|75.29
|240 672
|266 839
|-----
|'''German'''
|51 017
|7.56
|23 372
|27 645
|-----
|'''[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]'''
|37 689
|5.59
|18 137
|19 552
|-----
|Great Russian (Russian)
|25 630
|3.8
|16 319
|9 311
|-----
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|19 688
|2.92
|9 985
|9 703
|-----
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|16 531
|2.45
|8 833
|7 698
|-----
|[[Belarusian language|White Russian (Belarusian)]]
|12 283
|1.82
|6 356
|5 927
|-----
|[[Romani language|Romani]]
|1 202
|0.17
|581
|621
|-----
|Persons <br />that didn't name<br /> their native language
|5
|>0.01
|4
|1
|-----
|Other<ref>Languages, number of speakers which in all gubernia were less than 1000</ref>
|2 478
|0.36
|1 993
|485
|-----
|Total
|674 034
|100
|326 252
|347 782
|+
|}
==See also==
*[[Reval Governorate]]
*[[Riga Governorate]]
*[[Saint Petersburg Governorate]]
*[[Courland]]
==References and notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{History Timeline of Latvia}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{coord|56.6522|N|23.7244|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Courland Governorate| ]]
[[Category:Governorates of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Baltic governorates|Courland]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Administrative unit of the Russian Empire (1795–1918)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
| native_name = Kurländisches Gouvernement<br />Курля́ндская губе́рния
| conventional_long_name = Governorate of Courland
| common_name = Courland
| subdivision = Governorate
| nation = the [[Russian Empire]]
| year_start = 1795
| event_start = Partition of Poland
| date_start = 28 March
| event_post = Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
| date_post = 1918
| event_end = [[Ober Ost|German occupation]]
| year_end = 1918
| p1 = Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
| flag_p1 = Flag of Courland (state).svg
| s1 = Ober Ost
| flag_s1 = War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg
| s2 =
| flag_s2 =
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Kurlandia Governorate 1856.svg
| image_map = Courland in Russian Empire (1914).svg
| image_map_caption = Courland Governorate of the [[Russian Empire]]
| capital = [[Jelgava|Mitau]]
| political_subdiv = 9
| stat_pop1 = 674,034
| stat_year1 = ([[Russian Empire Census|1897]])
| today = [[Latvia]]<BR>[[Lithuania]]
| DivisionsMap = [[File:CourlandGovernorate1914.png|200px]]
| divisions_map_caption = Subdivisions or [[uyezd]]s of Courland Governorate
| image_flag = Flag_of_the_Courland_Governorate.svg
| flag_type = Flag of Courland
}}
{{History of Latvia}}
The '''Courland Governorate''', also known as the '''Province of Courland''',<ref name="TEC">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ah8lAAAAMAAJ&pg The English Cyclopaedia By Charles Knigh]</ref> '''Governorate of Kurland'''<ref>[http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319083729/http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf |date=19 March 2009 }}</ref> ({{lang-de|Kurländisches Gouvernement}}; {{lang-ru|Курля́ндская губерния|translit=Kurljándskaja gubernija}}; {{lang-lv|Kurzemes guberņa}}; {{lang-lt|Kuršo gubernija}}; {{lang-et|Kuramaa kubermang}}) was one of the [[Baltic governorates]] of the [[Russian Empire]], that is now part of the [[Republic of Latvia]].
[[File:1820 Курляндская Губерния.jpg|thumb|right|German and Russian map of the Courland Governorate]]
The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at [[Jelgava|Mitau]] (now Jelgava), following the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
It ceased to exist during [[World War I]] after the [[German Empire]] took control of the region in 1918. Russia surrendered the territory by the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] on 3 March 1918.
==Geography==
The governorate was bounded in the north by the [[Baltic Sea]], the [[Gulf of Riga]] and the [[Governorate of Livonia]]; west by the Baltic Sea; south by the [[Vilna Governorate]] and [[Prussia]] and east by the [[Vitebsk Governorate]] and [[Minsk Governorate]]. The population in 1846 was estimated at 553,300.<ref name="TEC"/>
It was situated between 55°41' and 57°45½' N. Of its total border of 1,260 versts (1,344 km), the sea border is 320 versts (341 km). The border with Prussia is only 6 versts (6.4 km) long and lacks natural boundaries.
The surface area of the province is 23,977 square [[versts]] (27,290 km²).
==Subdivisions==
The governorate was subdivided into 10 counties ({{lang-de|Kreis}}; {{lang-ru|Uyezd|link=Uyezd}})
*[[Kreis Bauske]] – [[Bauska|Bauske]] (now Bauska)
*[[Kreis Doblen]] – [[Dobele|Dohlen]] (now Dobele)
*[[Kreis Friedrichstadt]] – [[Jaunjelgava|Friedrichstadt]] (now Jaunjelgava)
*[[Kreis Goldingen]] – [[Kuldīga|Goldingen]] (now Kuldīga)
*[[Kreis Grobin]] – [[Grobiņa|Grobin]] (now Grobiņa)
*[[Kreis Hasenpoth]] – [[Aizpute|Hasenpoth]] (now Aizpute)
*[[Kreis Illuxt]] – [[Ilūkste|Illuxt]] (now Ilūkste)
*[[Kreis Talsen]] – [[Talsi|Talsen]] (now Talsi)
*[[Kreis Tuckum]] – [[Tukums|Tuckum]] (now Tukums)
*[[Kreis Windau]] – [[Ventspils|Windau]] (now Ventspils)
==Law==
The highest court is the Courts of Kurland (Kurländisches Oberhofgericht), the courts of appeal are the Higher Hauptmanns Courts (Oberhauptmannsgericht), The courts of first instance are the Hauptmannsgericht , the county courts (kreisgericht) for the peasantry, and the lowest level of the court system for the peasantry are the parish courts (Gemeindegericht)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Система управления Прибалтикой — Студопедия |url=https://studopedia.ru/12_4742_sistema-upravleniya-pribaltikoy.html |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=studopedia.ru}}</ref>.
==Administration ==
Between 1800 and 1876 overall authority in Courland was handed to the governor-general of the [[Baltic governorates|Baltic Provinces]] (German: ''Generalgouverneur der Ostseeprovinzen'').
*1795 – 1796 Baron [[Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen]] (temporary governor-general of Courland and Pilten)
*1796 – 1798 Count Gustav Matthias Jakob von der Wenge genannt Lambsdorff
*1798 – 1800 Baron Wilhelm Carl Heinrich von der Oest genannt Driesen
*1800 – 1808 Nikolay Ivanovich Arsenyev
*1808 Jakob Maximilian von Brieskorn (acting governor on 18–21 May 1812)
*1808 – 1811 Baron Jan Willem Hogguer
*1811 Jakob Maximilian von Brieskorn (acting governor in August–September 1812)
*1811 – 1816 Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Sivers (1748–1823) (in exile in Riga during Napoleonic invasion of Courland in July–December 1812)
*1812 Jules de Chambaudoin and Charles de Montigny (French intendants of Courland, Semigallia and Pilten on 1 August-8 October 1812)
*1812 Jacques David Martin (French governor-general of Courland on 8 October-20 December 1812)
*1816 – 1824 Emannuel von Stanecke
*1824 – 1827 Paul Theodor von Hahn (1793–1862)
*1827 – 1853 Christoph Engelbrecht von Brevern
*1853 Aleksandr Petrovich Beklemishev (acting governor on 10 May–14 June 1853)
*1853 – 1858 [[Pyotr Valuyev|Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev]]
*1858 {{ill|Julius von Cube|de|Julius Gustav von Cube}} (acting governor on 10–21 May 1858)
*1858 – 1868 Johann von Brevern
*1868 – 1885 [[Paul von Lilienfeld|Paul Frommhold Ignatius von Lilienfeld-Toal]]
*1885 Aleksandr Alekseyevich Manyos
*1885 – 1888 Konstantin Ivanovich Pashchenko
*1888 – 1891 [[Dmitry Sipyagin|Dmitry Sergeyevich Sipyagin]]
*1891 – 1905 Dmitry Dmitriyevich Sverbeyev
*1905 – 1906 [[Woldemar von Boeckmann|Woldemar Alexander Valerian von Boeckmann]]
*1906 – 1910 Leonid Mikhailovich Knyazev
*1910 Nikolay Dmitriyevich Kropotkin
*1910 – 1915 {{ill|Sergey Dimitriyevich Nabokov|ru|Набоков, Сергей Дмитриевич}}
*1915–1917 Tatishchev, Pyotr Vasilyevich Gendrikov, Strakhov (in exile in Tartu after the German invasion of Courland in July 1915).
In March 1918 the Baltic provinces were transferred to German authority following the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]].
==Language==
*By the Imperial census of 1897.<ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php?reg=47 Language Statistics of 1897] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> In '''bold''' are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
{| align="center" class="wikitable plainlinks TablePager"
|+
! |Language
! |Number
! |percentage (%)
! |males
! |females
|-----
|'''[[Latvian language|Latvian]]'''
|507 511
|75.29
|240 672
|266 839
|-----
|'''German'''
|51 017
|7.56
|23 372
|27 645
|-----
|'''[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]'''
|37 689
|5.59
|18 137
|19 552
|-----
|Great Russian (Russian)
|25 630
|3.8
|16 319
|9 311
|-----
|[[Polish language|Polish]]
|19 688
|2.92
|9 985
|9 703
|-----
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
|16 531
|2.45
|8 833
|7 698
|-----
|[[Belarusian language|White Russian (Belarusian)]]
|12 283
|1.82
|6 356
|5 927
|-----
|[[Romani language|Romani]]
|1 202
|0.17
|581
|621
|-----
|Persons <br />that didn't name<br /> their native language
|5
|>0.01
|4
|1
|-----
|Other<ref>Languages, number of speakers which in all gubernia were less than 1000</ref>
|2 478
|0.36
|1 993
|485
|-----
|Total
|674 034
|100
|326 252
|347 782
|+
|}
==See also==
*[[Reval Governorate]]
*[[Riga Governorate]]
*[[Saint Petersburg Governorate]]
*[[Courland]]
==References and notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{History Timeline of Latvia}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{coord|56.6522|N|23.7244|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Courland Governorate| ]]
[[Category:Governorates of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Baltic governorates|Courland]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
The '''Courland Governorate''', also known as the '''Province of Courland''',<ref name="TEC">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ah8lAAAAMAAJ&pg The English Cyclopaedia By Charles Knigh]</ref> '''Governorate of Kurland'''<ref>[http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319083729/http://www.bdcol.ee/fileadmin/docs/bdreview/bdr-2002-8-11.pdf |date=19 March 2009 }}</ref> ({{lang-de|Kurländisches Gouvernement}}; {{lang-ru|Курля́ндская губерния|translit=Kurljándskaja gubernija}}; {{lang-lv|Kurzemes guberņa}}; {{lang-lt|Kuršo gubernija}}; {{lang-et|Kuramaa kubermang}}) was one of the [[Baltic governorates]] of the [[Russian Empire]], that is now part of the [[Republic of Latvia]].
[[File:1820 Курляндская Губерния.jpg|thumb|right|German and Russian map of the Courland Governorate]]
-The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at [[Jelgava|Mitau]] (now Jelgava), following the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Until the late 19th century the governorate was not ruled by Russia but was administered independently by the local [[Baltic nobility|Baltic German nobility]] through a feudal Regional Council ({{lang-de|link=no|Landtag}}).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Baltic States and Their Region |last=Smith |first= David James |year=2005 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-1666-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSNML8BlGkUC&pg=PA234}}</ref>
+The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at [[Jelgava|Mitau]] (now Jelgava), following the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
It ceased to exist during [[World War I]] after the [[German Empire]] took control of the region in 1918. Russia surrendered the territory by the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] on 3 March 1918.
+
==Geography==
The governorate was bounded in the north by the [[Baltic Sea]], the [[Gulf of Riga]] and the [[Governorate of Livonia]]; west by the Baltic Sea; south by the [[Vilna Governorate]] and [[Prussia]] and east by the [[Vitebsk Governorate]] and [[Minsk Governorate]]. The population in 1846 was estimated at 553,300.<ref name="TEC"/>
' |
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1 => ''
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => 'The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at [[Jelgava|Mitau]] (now Jelgava), following the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Until the late 19th century the governorate was not ruled by Russia but was administered independently by the local [[Baltic nobility|Baltic German nobility]] through a feudal Regional Council ({{lang-de|link=no|Landtag}}).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Baltic States and Their Region |last=Smith |first= David James |year=2005 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-1666-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSNML8BlGkUC&pg=PA234}}</ref>'
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1654506964 |
