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{{Short description|Book by Muḥammad Ibn-Yaʿqūb al-Kulīnī}}
{{Short description|Book hadiths collected by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī}}
{{Infobox book
{{Infobox religious text
| name =
| name = {{lang|ar-Latn|Kitab al-Kāfī}}
| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg
| subheader = {{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}
| author = [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]]
| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg
| language = Arabic
| image_size =
| caption = Cover of the first volume of a modern edition of {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}
| country =
| religion = [[Islam]] ([[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]])
| genre =
| published =
| language = Arabic
| isbn =
| orig_lang_code = ar
| author = {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}
| exclude_cover =
| date= = {{circa|921–941 [[Common Era|CE]]}} (309–329 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
| series =
| image_size =
| chapters = 35 (in 3 sections)
| caption = Cover of ''Al-Kafi''
| media_type =
| pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
}}
{{Twelvers |Hadith collections}}
{{Twelvers|Hadith collections}}
{{Hadith}}
{{Hadith}}


'''''Al-Kafi''''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}'', literally "''The Sufficient''") is a [[Twelver|Twelver Shia]] [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]].<ref name="Meri">{{cite book|author=Meri, Josef W.|year=2005|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|location=USA|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: ''Uṣūl al-Kāfī'', dealing with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān, ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'', which is concerned with practical and legal issues, and ''Rawdat'' (or'' Rauda'') ''al-Kāfī'', which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam|Imām]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Citation
'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}, literally '<nowiki />The Sufficient<nowiki />') is a [[hadith]] collection of the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]] tradition, compiled in the first half of the 10th century&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]] (early 4th century&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]) by {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}.<ref name="Meri">{{cite book |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |date=2005 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, dealing with [[epistemology]], [[theology]], [[history]], [[ethics]], [[supplication]], and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Quran|Qurʾān]]}}; {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}}, which is concerned with practical and [[Islamic law|legal]] issues; and {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} (or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Cite journal |last=Howard |first=I. K. A. |title=''Al-Kafi'' by Al-Kulaynī |journal=Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages= |date=1976 |url= http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=Kulaynī-howard.htm}}</ref> In total, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">{{cite web |url= http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Hadith ''al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref>
| last =Howard
| first =I. K. A.
| title ='Al-Kafi' by Al-Kulayni
| journal =Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies
| volume =2
| issue =1
| pages =
| year =1976
| url =http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=kulayni-howard.htm}}</ref>
In total, ''al-Kāfī'' comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm Hadith al-Kafi</ref>


==Contents==
==Contents==
===''Usul (Fundamentals) al-Kafi''===
===''Usul al-Kafi''===<!--Don't use language-markup (or other) templates inside headings.-->
The first eight books of al-Kāfī are commonly referred to as Uṣūl al-kāfī. The first type-set edition of the al-Kāfī, which was published in eight volumes, placed Uṣūl al-kāfī in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, Uṣūl al-kāfī contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān.
The first eight books of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} are commonly referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl}} meaning 'Fundamental'. The first typeset edition of the {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}, which was published in eight volumes, placed {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''''Uṣūl al-Kāfī''''':<ref>{{cite book|first=Etan|last=Kohlberg|title=belief and law in imami shiism|year=1991|page=523|publisher=Variorum}}</ref>
|+'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}''':<ref>{{cite book |first=Etan |last=Kohlberg |title=Belief and Law in Imami Shiism |date=1991 |page=523 |publisher=Variorum}}</ref>
!Chapters
!Chapters
!Traditions
!Traditions
!Descriptions
!Descriptions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl}}
|The Book of Intellect and Ignorance
|The Book of Intellect and Ignorance
|36 traditions
|36 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm}}
|The Book of Knowledge and its Merits
|The Book of Knowledge and its Merits
|176 traditions
|176 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb at-tawḥīd''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb at-tawḥīd}}
|The Book of God and his Oneness
|The Book of God and his Oneness
|212 traditions
|212 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb al-ḥujjah''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ḥujjah}}
|The Book of Divine Guidance
|The Book of Divine Guidance
|1015 traditions
|1015 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr}}
|The Book of Belief and Unbelief
|The Book of Belief and Unbelief
|1609 traditions
|1609 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ}}
|The Book of Supplication
|The Book of Supplication
|''409 traditions''
|409 traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān''
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān}}
|The Book of the Qurʾān and its Merits
|The Book of the Qurʾān and its Merits
|124 Traditions
|124 Traditions
|-
|-
|''Kitāb al-muʿāsharah'')
|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-muʿāsharah}}
|The Book of Social Intercourse
|The Book of Social Intercourse
|464 traditions
|464 traditions


=== ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'' ===
=== ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'' ===
'''''Furūʿ al-Kāfī''''': Books 9 through 34 are referred to as ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' and are found in volumes three through seven of the first type-set edition. ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues.
Books 9 through 34 are referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} and are found in volumes three through seven of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+''Furū al-Kāfī''
|+{{lang|ar-Latn|Furū al-Kāfī}}
!Chapters
!Chapters
|-
|-


===''Rawdat al-Kāfī''===
===''Rawdat al-Kāfī''===
'''''Rawdat al-Kāfī''''': The final book stands alone as ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'', which is found in volume eight. ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'' contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order.
The final book stands alone as {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which is found in volume eight of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}} contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
''Rawdat al-Kāfī''
{{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat al-Kāfī}}
!Title
!Title
|-
|-
|The Book of Miscellanea -literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers
|The Book of Miscellanea literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers
|}
|}


==Authenticity==
==Authenticity==


Most [[Shia]] scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no "sahih" hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths:
Most {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}} ('sound', 'truthful') hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulaynī himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}


According to the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Imami]] scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili}}, known as {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni}} (1505–1559&nbsp;CE, 911–966&nbsp;AH), who examined the {{lang|ar-Latn|asanād}} or the chains of transmission of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} traditions, 5,072 are considered {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}}; 144 are regarded as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḥasan}} ('good'), second category; 1,118 are held to be {{lang|ar-Latn|muwathaq}} ('trustworthy'), third category; 302 are adjudged to be {{lang|ar-Latn|qawi}} ('strong') and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḍaʿīf}} ('weak').<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Selections from Al-Kulaynī's ''Al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref>
<blockquote> ''"whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it"''{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}</blockquote>

According to the great Imami scholar Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili, known as ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni (911-966/1505-1559), who examined the asanād or the chains of transmission of al-Kāfi's traditions, 5,072 are considered ṣaḥīḥ (sound); 144 are regarded as ḥasan (good), second category; 1,118 are held to be muwathaq (trustworthy), third category; 302 are adjudged to be qawi (strong) and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as ḍaʿīf (weak).<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite news|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm|title=Selections from Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi}}</ref>


==Scholarly remarks==
==Scholarly remarks==
The author, {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}, stated in his preface to {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}:<ref>{{cite book |last=Islamic Texts Institute |title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness |date=2012 |publisher=Taqwa Media |isbn=9781939420008}}</ref>


{{blockquote|You said that you would love to have a sufficient book [{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|kitābun kāfin}}] containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]&nbsp;– may God's peace be upon them&nbsp;– and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God&nbsp;– almighty is he and sublime&nbsp;– and to the commands of his Prophet&nbsp;– may God's mercy be on him and his progeny&nbsp;– is fulfilled&nbsp;.... God&nbsp;– to whom belongs all praise&nbsp;– has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired.}}
* The author ([[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqub al-Kulayni]]) stated in his Preface of Al-Kafi:


Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar and statesman) said:<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah'', p. 72.</ref>{{full citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=It's unclear what this is; a book by Khomeini seems probable, but fill out the citation completely, since page numbers are meaningless anyway without known what edition from what publisher.}}
<blockquote>"You said that you would love to have a sufficient book (kitābun kāfin) containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]—may God’s peace be upon them—and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God—almighty is he and sublime—and to the commands of his Prophet—may God’s mercy be on him and his progeny—is fulfilled...God—to whom belongs all praise—has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired."<ref>{{cite book|last=Islamic Texts Institute|title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness|date=2012|publisher=Taqwa Media|isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> </blockquote>


{{blockquote|Do you think it is enough [{{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}}] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} and then placed upon a shelf?}}
* Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century Shī‘ah scholar) said:
<blockquote> ''"Do you think it is enough [''kafi''] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in ''al-Kāfī'' and then placed upon a shelf?"''<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah.'' p.72.</ref></blockquote>


The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people of his day who simply kept al-Kafi on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from Hell just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that al-Kafi (the sufficient) is not ''kafi'' (enough) to make you a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless you use the wisdom contained within it and act on * The famous Shī‘ah scholar [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]] didn't believe in the complete authenticity of ''al-Kāfī''.
The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people who simply kept {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kafi}} on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from [[Jahannam|Hell]] just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} (literally 'the Sufficient') is not {{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}} ('enough') to make one a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless one uses the wisdom contained within it and acts on it.
[[Khoei]] points this out in his ''"Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth"'', or ''"Collection of Men of Narrations"'', in which he states:


{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]]}} did not believe in the complete authenticity of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}. [[Khoei]] points this out in his {{lang|ar-Latn|Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth}}, or ''Collection of Men of Narrations'', in which he states:<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<blockquote> '''أنّ الشيخ الصدوق : قدّس سرّه : لم يكن يعتقد صحّة جميع مافي الكافي'''
:''"Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in ''al-Kāfī'' to be Sahih (truthful)."''<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>


{{blockquote|Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} to be {{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ}} ['truthful']}}
The scholars have made these remarks, to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the Shia point of view, any book other than the Qur'an, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability.


Scholars have made such remarks to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} point of view, any book other than the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability.
== Shia view of al-Kafi relative to other hadith books ==
Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: "whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |title=Answering-Ansar.org :: Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Shī‘ah view of ''al-Kāfī'' relative to other hadith books ==
The author of al-Kāfi never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", he only compiled it to give sincere advice based on authentic Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study.


Kulaynī stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulaynī also states, in reference to hadiths generally:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |work=Answering-Ansar.org |title=Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Al-Kāfi is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. Shaykh al-Mufīd (d.1022 CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books." Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl (d.1385 CE) and al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki (d.1533 CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing like it has been written for Islam."

{{blockquote|whatever [hadith] agrees with the Book of God [the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}], accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it}}

The author of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", but compiled it to give sincere advice based on Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study.

{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kāfi}} is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shaykh al-Mufīd}} ({{abbr|d.|died}} 1022 CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books". {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl}} (d. 1385 CE) and {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki}} (d. 1533 CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing [else] like it has been written for Islam."


==Commentaries==
==Commentaries==
*[[Sharh Usul al-Kafi]], a commentary on the ''Uṣul al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]]
*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi]]}}, a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] (17th century CE)
*[[Mir'at al-Uqul]] /Mirror of the Mind, a commentary on ''al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi|Mohammad Baqir Majlisi]]
*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Mir'at al-Uqul]]}} ('Mirror of the Mind'), a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]] (17th century CE)
*Sharh Usool Al-Kafi by [[Mulla Sadra]]
*{{lang|ar-Latn|Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mulla Sadra]] (17th century CE)
*Sahih al Kafi by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi
*{{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ al-Kāfi}} by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi (20th century CE)


==See also==
==See also==

*[[List of Shi'a books]]
*[[List of Shi'a books]]


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free.
*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free.
*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase.
*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase.
*[http://islamictexts.org 'Al-Kafi with translation and commentary by Islamic Texts Institute']
*[http://islamictexts.org 'Al-Kafi with translation and commentary by Islamic Texts Institute']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404143056/http://almahdi.4t.com/issue4/page8.html Selections from Usul al-Kafi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404143056/http://almahdi.4t.com/issue4/page8.html Selections from Usul al-Kafi]

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'{{Short description|Book by Muḥammad Ibn-Yaʿqūb al-Kulīnī}} {{Infobox book | name = | image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg | author = [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]] | language = Arabic | country = | genre = | published = | isbn = | exclude_cover = | series = | image_size = | caption = Cover of ''Al-Kafi'' | media_type = | pub_date = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} {{Twelvers |Hadith collections}} {{Hadith}} '''''Al-Kafi''''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}'', literally "''The Sufficient''") is a [[Twelver|Twelver Shia]] [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]].<ref name="Meri">{{cite book|author=Meri, Josef W.|year=2005|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|location=USA|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: ''Uṣūl al-Kāfī'', dealing with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān, ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'', which is concerned with practical and legal issues, and ''Rawdat'' (or'' Rauda'') ''al-Kāfī'', which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam|Imām]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Citation | last =Howard | first =I. K. A. | title ='Al-Kafi' by Al-Kulayni | journal =Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies | volume =2 | issue =1 | pages = | year =1976 | url =http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=kulayni-howard.htm}}</ref> In total, ''al-Kāfī'' comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm Hadith al-Kafi</ref> ==Contents== ===''Usul (Fundamentals) al-Kafi''=== The first eight books of al-Kāfī are commonly referred to as Uṣūl al-kāfī. The first type-set edition of the al-Kāfī, which was published in eight volumes, placed Uṣūl al-kāfī in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, Uṣūl al-kāfī contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān. {| class="wikitable" |+'''''Uṣūl al-Kāfī''''':<ref>{{cite book|first=Etan|last=Kohlberg|title=belief and law in imami shiism|year=1991|page=523|publisher=Variorum}}</ref> !Chapters !Traditions !Descriptions |- |''Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl'' |The Book of Intellect and Ignorance |36 traditions |- |''Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm'' |The Book of Knowledge and its Merits |176 traditions |- |''Kitāb at-tawḥīd'' |The Book of God and his Oneness |212 traditions |- |''Kitāb al-ḥujjah'' |The Book of Divine Guidance |1015 traditions |- |''Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr'' |The Book of Belief and Unbelief |1609 traditions |- |''Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ'' |The Book of Supplication |''409 traditions'' |- |''Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān'' |The Book of the Qurʾān and its Merits |124 Traditions |- |''Kitāb al-muʿāsharah'') |The Book of Social Intercourse |464 traditions |} === ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'' === '''''Furūʿ al-Kāfī''''': Books 9 through 34 are referred to as ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' and are found in volumes three through seven of the first type-set edition. ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues. {| class="wikitable" |+''Furū al-Kāfī'' !Chapters |- |The Book of Purity |- |The Book of Menstruation |- |The Book of Funeral Rites |- |The Book of Prayer |- |The Book of Charity |- |The Book of Fasting |- |The Book of Ḥajj |- |The Book of Jihād |- |The Book of Commerce |- |The Book of Marriage |- |The Book of Animal Sacrifice upon the Birth of a Child |- |The Book of Divorce |- |The Book of Emancipation |- |The Book of Hunting |- |The Book of Slaughtering |- |The Book of Food |- |The Book of Drink |- |The Book of Clothing, Beautification, and Honor |- |The Book of Domesticated Animals |- |The Book of Testaments |- |The Book of Inheritance |- |The Book of Capital and Corporal Punishments |- |The Book of Restitution and Blood Money |- |The Book of Testimonies and Depositions |- |The Book of Adjudication and Legal Precedents |- |The Book of Oaths, Vows, and Penances |} ===''Rawdat al-Kāfī''=== '''''Rawdat al-Kāfī''''': The final book stands alone as ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'', which is found in volume eight. ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'' contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order. {| class="wikitable" |+ ''Rawdat al-Kāfī'' !Title |- |The Book of Miscellanea -literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers |} ==Authenticity== Most [[Shia]] scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no "sahih" hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: <blockquote> ''"whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it"''{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}</blockquote> According to the great Imami scholar Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili, known as ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni (911-966/1505-1559), who examined the asanād or the chains of transmission of al-Kāfi's traditions, 5,072 are considered ṣaḥīḥ (sound); 144 are regarded as ḥasan (good), second category; 1,118 are held to be muwathaq (trustworthy), third category; 302 are adjudged to be qawi (strong) and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as ḍaʿīf (weak).<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite news|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm|title=Selections from Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi}}</ref> ==Scholarly remarks== * The author ([[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqub al-Kulayni]]) stated in his Preface of Al-Kafi: <blockquote>"You said that you would love to have a sufficient book (kitābun kāfin) containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]—may God’s peace be upon them—and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God—almighty is he and sublime—and to the commands of his Prophet—may God’s mercy be on him and his progeny—is fulfilled...God—to whom belongs all praise—has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired."<ref>{{cite book|last=Islamic Texts Institute|title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness|date=2012|publisher=Taqwa Media|isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> </blockquote> * Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century Shī‘ah scholar) said: <blockquote> ''"Do you think it is enough [''kafi''] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in ''al-Kāfī'' and then placed upon a shelf?"''<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah.'' p.72.</ref></blockquote> The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people of his day who simply kept al-Kafi on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from Hell just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that al-Kafi (the sufficient) is not ''kafi'' (enough) to make you a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless you use the wisdom contained within it and act on * The famous Shī‘ah scholar [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]] didn't believe in the complete authenticity of ''al-Kāfī''. [[Khoei]] points this out in his ''"Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth"'', or ''"Collection of Men of Narrations"'', in which he states: <blockquote> '''أنّ الشيخ الصدوق : قدّس سرّه : لم يكن يعتقد صحّة جميع مافي الكافي''' :''"Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in ''al-Kāfī'' to be Sahih (truthful)."''<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> The scholars have made these remarks, to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the Shia point of view, any book other than the Qur'an, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability. == Shia view of al-Kafi relative to other hadith books == Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: "whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |title=Answering-Ansar.org :: Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The author of al-Kāfi never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", he only compiled it to give sincere advice based on authentic Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study. Al-Kāfi is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. Shaykh al-Mufīd (d.1022 CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books." Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl (d.1385 CE) and al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki (d.1533 CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing like it has been written for Islam." ==Commentaries== *[[Sharh Usul al-Kafi]], a commentary on the ''Uṣul al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] *[[Mir'at al-Uqul]] /Mirror of the Mind, a commentary on ''al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi|Mohammad Baqir Majlisi]] *Sharh Usool Al-Kafi by [[Mulla Sadra]] *Sahih al Kafi by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi ==See also== *[[List of Shi'a books]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. *[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase. *[http://islamictexts.org 'Al-Kafi with translation and commentary by Islamic Texts Institute'] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404143056/http://almahdi.4t.com/issue4/page8.html Selections from Usul al-Kafi] *[http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Al-Kafi.pdf 'Kiṫâbu-l-Kâfî'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya`qûb Kulaynî, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar. {{Shia hadith literature|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kitab Al-Kafi}} [[Category:Shia hadith collections]] [[Category:Ja'fari jurisprudence]] [[Category:Books of Shia Rijal]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{Short description|Book hadiths collected by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī}} {{Infobox religious text | name = {{lang|ar-Latn|Kitab al-Kāfī}} | subheader = {{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}} | image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg | image_size = | caption = Cover of the first volume of a modern edition of {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}} | religion = [[Islam]] ([[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]]) | language = Arabic | orig_lang_code = ar | author = {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}} | date= = {{circa|921–941&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]]}} (309–329&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]] | chapters = 35 (in 3 sections) }} {{Twelvers|Hadith collections}} {{Hadith}} '''{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}, literally '<nowiki />The Sufficient<nowiki />') is a [[hadith]] collection of the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]] tradition, compiled in the first half of the 10th century&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]] (early 4th century&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]) by {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}.<ref name="Meri">{{cite book |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |date=2005 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, dealing with [[epistemology]], [[theology]], [[history]], [[ethics]], [[supplication]], and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Quran|Qurʾān]]}}; {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}}, which is concerned with practical and [[Islamic law|legal]] issues; and {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} (or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Cite journal |last=Howard |first=I. K. A. |title=''Al-Kafi'' by Al-Kulaynī |journal=Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages= |date=1976 |url= http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=Kulaynī-howard.htm}}</ref> In total, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">{{cite web |url= http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Hadith ''al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref> ==Contents== ===''Usul al-Kafi''===<!--Don't use language-markup (or other) templates inside headings.--> The first eight books of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} are commonly referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl}} meaning 'Fundamental'. The first typeset edition of the {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}, which was published in eight volumes, placed {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}. {| class="wikitable" |+'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}''':<ref>{{cite book |first=Etan |last=Kohlberg |title=Belief and Law in Imami Shiism |date=1991 |page=523 |publisher=Variorum}}</ref> !Chapters !Traditions !Descriptions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl}} |The Book of Intellect and Ignorance |36 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm}} |The Book of Knowledge and its Merits |176 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb at-tawḥīd}} |The Book of God and his Oneness |212 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ḥujjah}} |The Book of Divine Guidance |1015 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr}} |The Book of Belief and Unbelief |1609 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ}} |The Book of Supplication |409 traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān}} |The Book of the Qurʾān and its Merits |124 Traditions |- |{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-muʿāsharah}} |The Book of Social Intercourse |464 traditions |} === ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'' === Books 9 through 34 are referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} and are found in volumes three through seven of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues. {| class="wikitable" |+{{lang|ar-Latn|Furū al-Kāfī}} !Chapters |- |The Book of Purity |- |The Book of Menstruation |- |The Book of Funeral Rites |- |The Book of Prayer |- |The Book of Charity |- |The Book of Fasting |- |The Book of Ḥajj |- |The Book of Jihād |- |The Book of Commerce |- |The Book of Marriage |- |The Book of Animal Sacrifice upon the Birth of a Child |- |The Book of Divorce |- |The Book of Emancipation |- |The Book of Hunting |- |The Book of Slaughtering |- |The Book of Food |- |The Book of Drink |- |The Book of Clothing, Beautification, and Honor |- |The Book of Domesticated Animals |- |The Book of Testaments |- |The Book of Inheritance |- |The Book of Capital and Corporal Punishments |- |The Book of Restitution and Blood Money |- |The Book of Testimonies and Depositions |- |The Book of Adjudication and Legal Precedents |- |The Book of Oaths, Vows, and Penances |} ===''Rawdat al-Kāfī''=== The final book stands alone as {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which is found in volume eight of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}} contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order. {| class="wikitable" |+ {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat al-Kāfī}} !Title |- |The Book of Miscellanea – literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers |} ==Authenticity== Most {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}} ('sound', 'truthful') hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulaynī himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} According to the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Imami]] scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili}}, known as {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni}} (1505–1559&nbsp;CE, 911–966&nbsp;AH), who examined the {{lang|ar-Latn|asanād}} or the chains of transmission of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} traditions, 5,072 are considered {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}}; 144 are regarded as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḥasan}} ('good'), second category; 1,118 are held to be {{lang|ar-Latn|muwathaq}} ('trustworthy'), third category; 302 are adjudged to be {{lang|ar-Latn|qawi}} ('strong') and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḍaʿīf}} ('weak').<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Selections from Al-Kulaynī's ''Al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref> ==Scholarly remarks== The author, {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}, stated in his preface to {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}:<ref>{{cite book |last=Islamic Texts Institute |title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness |date=2012 |publisher=Taqwa Media |isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> {{blockquote|You said that you would love to have a sufficient book [{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|kitābun kāfin}}] containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]&nbsp;– may God's peace be upon them&nbsp;– and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God&nbsp;– almighty is he and sublime&nbsp;– and to the commands of his Prophet&nbsp;– may God's mercy be on him and his progeny&nbsp;– is fulfilled&nbsp;.... God&nbsp;– to whom belongs all praise&nbsp;– has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired.}} Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar and statesman) said:<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah'', p. 72.</ref>{{full citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=It's unclear what this is; a book by Khomeini seems probable, but fill out the citation completely, since page numbers are meaningless anyway without known what edition from what publisher.}} {{blockquote|Do you think it is enough [{{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}}] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} and then placed upon a shelf?}} The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people who simply kept {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kafi}} on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from [[Jahannam|Hell]] just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} (literally 'the Sufficient') is not {{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}} ('enough') to make one a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless one uses the wisdom contained within it and acts on it. {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]]}} did not believe in the complete authenticity of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}. [[Khoei]] points this out in his {{lang|ar-Latn|Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth}}, or ''Collection of Men of Narrations'', in which he states:<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{blockquote|Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} to be {{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ}} ['truthful']}} Scholars have made such remarks to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} point of view, any book other than the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability. == Shī‘ah view of ''al-Kāfī'' relative to other hadith books == Kulaynī stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulaynī also states, in reference to hadiths generally:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |work=Answering-Ansar.org |title=Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{blockquote|whatever [hadith] agrees with the Book of God [the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}], accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it}} The author of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", but compiled it to give sincere advice based on Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study. {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kāfi}} is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shaykh al-Mufīd}} ({{abbr|d.|died}} 1022&nbsp;CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books". {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl}} (d. 1385&nbsp;CE) and {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki}} (d. 1533&nbsp;CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing [else] like it has been written for Islam." ==Commentaries== *{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi]]}}, a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] (17th century CE) *{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Mir'at al-Uqul]]}} ('Mirror of the Mind'), a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]] (17th century CE) *{{lang|ar-Latn|Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mulla Sadra]] (17th century CE) *{{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ al-Kāfi}} by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi (20th century CE) ==See also== *[[List of Shi'a books]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. *[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase. *[http://islamictexts.org 'Al-Kafi with translation and commentary by Islamic Texts Institute'] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404143056/http://almahdi.4t.com/issue4/page8.html Selections from Usul al-Kafi] *[http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Al-Kafi.pdf 'Kiṫâbu-l-Kâfî'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya`qûb Kulaynî, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar. {{Shia hadith literature|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kitab Al-Kafi}} [[Category:Shia hadith collections]] [[Category:Ja'fari jurisprudence]] [[Category:Books of Shia Rijal]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff)
'@@ -1,75 +1,60 @@ -{{Short description|Book by Muḥammad Ibn-Yaʿqūb al-Kulīnī}} -{{Infobox book -| name = -| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg -| author = [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]] -| language = Arabic -| country = -| genre = -| published = -| isbn = -| exclude_cover = -| series = -| image_size = -| caption = Cover of ''Al-Kafi'' -| media_type = -| pub_date = -| preceded_by = -| followed_by = +{{Short description|Book hadiths collected by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī}} +{{Infobox religious text +| name = {{lang|ar-Latn|Kitab al-Kāfī}} +| subheader = {{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}} +| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg +| image_size = +| caption = Cover of the first volume of a modern edition of {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}} +| religion = [[Islam]] ([[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]]) +| language = Arabic +| orig_lang_code = ar +| author = {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}} +| date= = {{circa|921–941&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]]}} (309–329&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]] +| chapters = 35 (in 3 sections) }} -{{Twelvers |Hadith collections}} +{{Twelvers|Hadith collections}} {{Hadith}} -'''''Al-Kafi''''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}'', literally "''The Sufficient''") is a [[Twelver|Twelver Shia]] [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]].<ref name="Meri">{{cite book|author=Meri, Josef W.|year=2005|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|location=USA|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: ''Uṣūl al-Kāfī'', dealing with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān, ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'', which is concerned with practical and legal issues, and ''Rawdat'' (or'' Rauda'') ''al-Kāfī'', which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam|Imām]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Citation - | last =Howard - | first =I. K. A. - | title ='Al-Kafi' by Al-Kulayni - | journal =Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies - | volume =2 - | issue =1 - | pages = - | year =1976 - | url =http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=kulayni-howard.htm}}</ref> -In total, ''al-Kāfī'' comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm Hadith al-Kafi</ref> +'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}, literally '<nowiki />The Sufficient<nowiki />') is a [[hadith]] collection of the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]] tradition, compiled in the first half of the 10th century&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]] (early 4th century&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]) by {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}.<ref name="Meri">{{cite book |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |date=2005 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, dealing with [[epistemology]], [[theology]], [[history]], [[ethics]], [[supplication]], and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Quran|Qurʾān]]}}; {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}}, which is concerned with practical and [[Islamic law|legal]] issues; and {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} (or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Cite journal |last=Howard |first=I. K. A. |title=''Al-Kafi'' by Al-Kulaynī |journal=Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages= |date=1976 |url= http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=Kulaynī-howard.htm}}</ref> In total, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">{{cite web |url= http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Hadith ''al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref> ==Contents== -===''Usul (Fundamentals) al-Kafi''=== -The first eight books of al-Kāfī are commonly referred to as Uṣūl al-kāfī. The first type-set edition of the al-Kāfī, which was published in eight volumes, placed Uṣūl al-kāfī in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, Uṣūl al-kāfī contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān. +===''Usul al-Kafi''===<!--Don't use language-markup (or other) templates inside headings.--> +The first eight books of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} are commonly referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl}} meaning 'Fundamental'. The first typeset edition of the {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}, which was published in eight volumes, placed {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}. {| class="wikitable" -|+'''''Uṣūl al-Kāfī''''':<ref>{{cite book|first=Etan|last=Kohlberg|title=belief and law in imami shiism|year=1991|page=523|publisher=Variorum}}</ref> +|+'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}''':<ref>{{cite book |first=Etan |last=Kohlberg |title=Belief and Law in Imami Shiism |date=1991 |page=523 |publisher=Variorum}}</ref> !Chapters !Traditions !Descriptions |- -|''Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl}} |The Book of Intellect and Ignorance |36 traditions |- -|''Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm}} |The Book of Knowledge and its Merits |176 traditions |- -|''Kitāb at-tawḥīd'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb at-tawḥīd}} |The Book of God and his Oneness |212 traditions |- -|''Kitāb al-ḥujjah'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ḥujjah}} |The Book of Divine Guidance |1015 traditions |- -|''Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr}} |The Book of Belief and Unbelief |1609 traditions |- -|''Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ}} |The Book of Supplication -|''409 traditions'' +|409 traditions |- -|''Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān'' +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān}} |The Book of the Qurʾān and its Merits |124 Traditions |- -|''Kitāb al-muʿāsharah'') +|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-muʿāsharah}} |The Book of Social Intercourse |464 traditions @@ -77,7 +62,7 @@ === ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'' === -'''''Furūʿ al-Kāfī''''': Books 9 through 34 are referred to as ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' and are found in volumes three through seven of the first type-set edition. ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues. +Books 9 through 34 are referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} and are found in volumes three through seven of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues. {| class="wikitable" -|+''Furū al-Kāfī'' +|+{{lang|ar-Latn|Furū al-Kāfī}} !Chapters |- @@ -136,54 +121,53 @@ ===''Rawdat al-Kāfī''=== -'''''Rawdat al-Kāfī''''': The final book stands alone as ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'', which is found in volume eight. ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'' contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order. +The final book stands alone as {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which is found in volume eight of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}} contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order. {| class="wikitable" |+ -''Rawdat al-Kāfī'' +{{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat al-Kāfī}} !Title |- -|The Book of Miscellanea -literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers +|The Book of Miscellanea – literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers |} ==Authenticity== -Most [[Shia]] scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no "sahih" hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: +Most {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}} ('sound', 'truthful') hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulaynī himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} -<blockquote> ''"whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it"''{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}</blockquote> +According to the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Imami]] scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili}}, known as {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni}} (1505–1559&nbsp;CE, 911–966&nbsp;AH), who examined the {{lang|ar-Latn|asanād}} or the chains of transmission of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} traditions, 5,072 are considered {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}}; 144 are regarded as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḥasan}} ('good'), second category; 1,118 are held to be {{lang|ar-Latn|muwathaq}} ('trustworthy'), third category; 302 are adjudged to be {{lang|ar-Latn|qawi}} ('strong') and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḍaʿīf}} ('weak').<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Selections from Al-Kulaynī's ''Al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref> -According to the great Imami scholar Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili, known as ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni (911-966/1505-1559), who examined the asanād or the chains of transmission of al-Kāfi's traditions, 5,072 are considered ṣaḥīḥ (sound); 144 are regarded as ḥasan (good), second category; 1,118 are held to be muwathaq (trustworthy), third category; 302 are adjudged to be qawi (strong) and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as ḍaʿīf (weak).<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite news|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm|title=Selections from Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi}}</ref> +==Scholarly remarks== +The author, {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}, stated in his preface to {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}:<ref>{{cite book |last=Islamic Texts Institute |title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness |date=2012 |publisher=Taqwa Media |isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> -==Scholarly remarks== +{{blockquote|You said that you would love to have a sufficient book [{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|kitābun kāfin}}] containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]&nbsp;– may God's peace be upon them&nbsp;– and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God&nbsp;– almighty is he and sublime&nbsp;– and to the commands of his Prophet&nbsp;– may God's mercy be on him and his progeny&nbsp;– is fulfilled&nbsp;.... God&nbsp;– to whom belongs all praise&nbsp;– has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired.}} + +Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar and statesman) said:<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah'', p. 72.</ref>{{full citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=It's unclear what this is; a book by Khomeini seems probable, but fill out the citation completely, since page numbers are meaningless anyway without known what edition from what publisher.}} + +{{blockquote|Do you think it is enough [{{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}}] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} and then placed upon a shelf?}} -* The author ([[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqub al-Kulayni]]) stated in his Preface of Al-Kafi: +The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people who simply kept {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kafi}} on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from [[Jahannam|Hell]] just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} (literally 'the Sufficient') is not {{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}} ('enough') to make one a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless one uses the wisdom contained within it and acts on it. -<blockquote>"You said that you would love to have a sufficient book (kitābun kāfin) containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]—may God’s peace be upon them—and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God—almighty is he and sublime—and to the commands of his Prophet—may God’s mercy be on him and his progeny—is fulfilled...God—to whom belongs all praise—has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired."<ref>{{cite book|last=Islamic Texts Institute|title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness|date=2012|publisher=Taqwa Media|isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> </blockquote> +{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]]}} did not believe in the complete authenticity of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}. [[Khoei]] points this out in his {{lang|ar-Latn|Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth}}, or ''Collection of Men of Narrations'', in which he states:<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> -* Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century Shī‘ah scholar) said: - -<blockquote> ''"Do you think it is enough [''kafi''] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in ''al-Kāfī'' and then placed upon a shelf?"''<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah.'' p.72.</ref></blockquote> +{{blockquote|Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} to be {{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ}} ['truthful']}} -The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people of his day who simply kept al-Kafi on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from Hell just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that al-Kafi (the sufficient) is not ''kafi'' (enough) to make you a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless you use the wisdom contained within it and act on * The famous Shī‘ah scholar [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]] didn't believe in the complete authenticity of ''al-Kāfī''. -[[Khoei]] points this out in his ''"Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth"'', or ''"Collection of Men of Narrations"'', in which he states: +Scholars have made such remarks to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} point of view, any book other than the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability. -<blockquote> '''أنّ الشيخ الصدوق : قدّس سرّه : لم يكن يعتقد صحّة جميع مافي الكافي''' -:''"Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in ''al-Kāfī'' to be Sahih (truthful)."''<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> +== Shī‘ah view of ''al-Kāfī'' relative to other hadith books == -The scholars have made these remarks, to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the Shia point of view, any book other than the Qur'an, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability. +Kulaynī stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulaynī also states, in reference to hadiths generally:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |work=Answering-Ansar.org |title=Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> -== Shia view of al-Kafi relative to other hadith books == -Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: "whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |title=Answering-Ansar.org :: Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> +{{blockquote|whatever [hadith] agrees with the Book of God [the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}], accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it}} -The author of al-Kāfi never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", he only compiled it to give sincere advice based on authentic Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study. +The author of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", but compiled it to give sincere advice based on Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study. -Al-Kāfi is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. Shaykh al-Mufīd (d.1022 CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books." Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl (d.1385 CE) and al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki (d.1533 CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing like it has been written for Islam." +{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kāfi}} is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shaykh al-Mufīd}} ({{abbr|d.|died}} 1022&nbsp;CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books". {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl}} (d. 1385&nbsp;CE) and {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki}} (d. 1533&nbsp;CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing [else] like it has been written for Islam." ==Commentaries== -*[[Sharh Usul al-Kafi]], a commentary on the ''Uṣul al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] -*[[Mir'at al-Uqul]] /Mirror of the Mind, a commentary on ''al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi|Mohammad Baqir Majlisi]] -*Sharh Usool Al-Kafi by [[Mulla Sadra]] -*Sahih al Kafi by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi +*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi]]}}, a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] (17th century CE) +*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Mir'at al-Uqul]]}} ('Mirror of the Mind'), a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]] (17th century CE) +*{{lang|ar-Latn|Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mulla Sadra]] (17th century CE) +*{{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ al-Kāfi}} by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi (20th century CE) ==See also== - *[[List of Shi'a books]] @@ -193,6 +177,6 @@ ==External links== {{Commons category}} -*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. -*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase. +*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free. +*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase. *[http://islamictexts.org 'Al-Kafi with translation and commentary by Islamic Texts Institute'] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404143056/http://almahdi.4t.com/issue4/page8.html Selections from Usul al-Kafi] '
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[ 0 => '{{Short description|Book hadiths collected by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī}}', 1 => '{{Infobox religious text', 2 => '| name = {{lang|ar-Latn|Kitab al-Kāfī}}', 3 => '| subheader = {{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}', 4 => '| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg', 5 => '| image_size = ', 6 => '| caption = Cover of the first volume of a modern edition of {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}', 7 => '| religion = [[Islam]] ([[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]])', 8 => '| language = Arabic', 9 => '| orig_lang_code = ar', 10 => '| author = {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}', 11 => '| date= = {{circa|921–941&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]]}} (309–329&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]', 12 => '| chapters = 35 (in 3 sections)', 13 => '{{Twelvers|Hadith collections}}', 14 => ''''{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}, literally '<nowiki />The Sufficient<nowiki />') is a [[hadith]] collection of the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shī‘ah|nocat=y}}]] tradition, compiled in the first half of the 10th century&nbsp;[[Common Era|CE]] (early 4th century&nbsp;[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]) by {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}.<ref name="Meri">{{cite book |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |date=2005 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, dealing with [[epistemology]], [[theology]], [[history]], [[ethics]], [[supplication]], and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Quran|Qurʾān]]}}; {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}}, which is concerned with practical and [[Islamic law|legal]] issues; and {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} (or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Cite journal |last=Howard |first=I. K. A. |title=''Al-Kafi'' by Al-Kulaynī |journal=Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages= |date=1976 |url= http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=Kulaynī-howard.htm}}</ref> In total, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">{{cite web |url= http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Hadith ''al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref>', 15 => '===''Usul al-Kafi''===<!--Don't use language-markup (or other) templates inside headings.-->', 16 => 'The first eight books of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} are commonly referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl}} meaning 'Fundamental'. The first typeset edition of the {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}, which was published in eight volumes, placed {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-kāfī}} contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}.', 17 => '|+'''{{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣūl al-Kāfī}}''':<ref>{{cite book |first=Etan |last=Kohlberg |title=Belief and Law in Imami Shiism |date=1991 |page=523 |publisher=Variorum}}</ref>', 18 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl}}', 19 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm}}', 20 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb at-tawḥīd}}', 21 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-ḥujjah}}', 22 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr}}', 23 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ}}', 24 => '|409 traditions', 25 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān}}', 26 => '|{{lang|ar-Latn|Kitāb al-muʿāsharah}}', 27 => 'Books 9 through 34 are referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} and are found in volumes three through seven of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Furūʿ al-Kāfī}} contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues.', 28 => '|+{{lang|ar-Latn|Furū al-Kāfī}}', 29 => 'The final book stands alone as {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat}} or {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}}, which is found in volume eight of the first typeset edition. {{lang|ar-Latn|Rawḍah al-Kāfī}} contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order.', 30 => '{{lang|ar-Latn|Rawdat al-Kāfī}}', 31 => '|The Book of Miscellanea – literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers', 32 => 'Most {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}} ('sound', 'truthful') hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulaynī himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}', 33 => 'According to the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Imami]] scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili}}, known as {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni}} (1505–1559&nbsp;CE, 911–966&nbsp;AH), who examined the {{lang|ar-Latn|asanād}} or the chains of transmission of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} traditions, 5,072 are considered {{lang|ar-Latn|ṣaḥīḥ}}; 144 are regarded as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḥasan}} ('good'), second category; 1,118 are held to be {{lang|ar-Latn|muwathaq}} ('trustworthy'), third category; 302 are adjudged to be {{lang|ar-Latn|qawi}} ('strong') and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as {{lang|ar-Latn|ḍaʿīf}} ('weak').<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm |title=Selections from Al-Kulaynī's ''Al-Kafi'' |work=Al-Islam.org}}</ref>', 34 => '==Scholarly remarks==', 35 => 'The author, {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī]]}}, stated in his preface to {{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kafi}}:<ref>{{cite book |last=Islamic Texts Institute |title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness |date=2012 |publisher=Taqwa Media |isbn=9781939420008}}</ref>', 36 => '{{blockquote|You said that you would love to have a sufficient book [{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|kitābun kāfin}}] containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]&nbsp;– may God's peace be upon them&nbsp;– and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God&nbsp;– almighty is he and sublime&nbsp;– and to the commands of his Prophet&nbsp;– may God's mercy be on him and his progeny&nbsp;– is fulfilled&nbsp;.... God&nbsp;– to whom belongs all praise&nbsp;– has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired.}}', 37 => '', 38 => 'Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar and statesman) said:<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah'', p. 72.</ref>{{full citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=It's unclear what this is; a book by Khomeini seems probable, but fill out the citation completely, since page numbers are meaningless anyway without known what edition from what publisher.}}', 39 => '', 40 => '{{blockquote|Do you think it is enough [{{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}}] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} and then placed upon a shelf?}}', 41 => 'The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people who simply kept {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kafi}} on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from [[Jahannam|Hell]] just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} (literally 'the Sufficient') is not {{lang|ar-Latn|kafi}} ('enough') to make one a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless one uses the wisdom contained within it and acts on it.', 42 => '{{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} scholar {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]]}} did not believe in the complete authenticity of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}}. [[Khoei]] points this out in his {{lang|ar-Latn|Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth}}, or ''Collection of Men of Narrations'', in which he states:<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>', 43 => '{{blockquote|Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfī}} to be {{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ}} ['truthful']}}', 44 => 'Scholars have made such remarks to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|[[Shī‘ah]]}} point of view, any book other than the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability.', 45 => '== Shī‘ah view of ''al-Kāfī'' relative to other hadith books ==', 46 => 'Kulaynī stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulaynī also states, in reference to hadiths generally:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |work=Answering-Ansar.org |title=Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>', 47 => '{{blockquote|whatever [hadith] agrees with the Book of God [the {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Qurʾān}}], accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it}}', 48 => 'The author of {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", but compiled it to give sincere advice based on Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study.', 49 => '{{lang|ar-Latn|Al-Kāfi}} is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Shaykh al-Mufīd}} ({{abbr|d.|died}} 1022&nbsp;CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books". {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl}} (d. 1385&nbsp;CE) and {{lang|ar-Latn|italic=unset|al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki}} (d. 1533&nbsp;CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing [else] like it has been written for Islam."', 50 => '*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi]]}}, a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]] (17th century CE)', 51 => '*{{lang|ar-Latn|[[Mir'at al-Uqul]]}} ('Mirror of the Mind'), a commentary on {{lang|ar-Latn|al-Kāfi}} by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi]] (17th century CE)', 52 => '*{{lang|ar-Latn|Sharh Uṣul al-Kāfi}} by [[Mulla Sadra]] (17th century CE)', 53 => '*{{lang|ar-Latn|Șaḥīḥ al-Kāfi}} by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi (20th century CE)', 54 => '*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free.', 55 => '*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase.' ]
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[ 0 => '{{Short description|Book by Muḥammad Ibn-Yaʿqūb al-Kulīnī}}', 1 => '{{Infobox book', 2 => '| name = ', 3 => '| image = Al-Kafi 0000.jpg', 4 => '| author = [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]]', 5 => '| language = Arabic', 6 => '| country = ', 7 => '| genre = ', 8 => '| published = ', 9 => '| isbn = ', 10 => '| exclude_cover = ', 11 => '| series = ', 12 => '| image_size = ', 13 => '| caption = Cover of ''Al-Kafi''', 14 => '| media_type = ', 15 => '| pub_date = ', 16 => '| preceded_by = ', 17 => '| followed_by = ', 18 => '{{Twelvers |Hadith collections}}', 19 => ''''''Al-Kafi''''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْكَافِي}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Kāfī}}'', literally "''The Sufficient''") is a [[Twelver|Twelver Shia]] [[hadith]] collection compiled by [[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni]].<ref name="Meri">{{cite book|author=Meri, Josef W.|year=2005|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|location=USA|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96690-0}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: ''Uṣūl al-Kāfī'', dealing with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān, ''Furūʿ al-Kāfī'', which is concerned with practical and legal issues, and ''Rawdat'' (or'' Rauda'') ''al-Kāfī'', which includes miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches transmitted from the [[imam|Imām]]s.<ref name="Howard">{{Citation', 20 => ' | last =Howard', 21 => ' | first =I. K. A.', 22 => ' | title ='Al-Kafi' by Al-Kulayni', 23 => ' | journal =Al-Serat: A Journal of Islamic Studies', 24 => ' | volume =2', 25 => ' | issue =1', 26 => ' | pages =', 27 => ' | year =1976', 28 => ' | url =http://al-islam.org/al-serat/default.asp?url=kulayni-howard.htm}}</ref>', 29 => 'In total, ''al-Kāfī'' comprises 16,199 narrations.<ref name="alislam">http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm Hadith al-Kafi</ref>', 30 => '===''Usul (Fundamentals) al-Kafi''===', 31 => 'The first eight books of al-Kāfī are commonly referred to as Uṣūl al-kāfī. The first type-set edition of the al-Kāfī, which was published in eight volumes, placed Uṣūl al-kāfī in the first two volumes. Generally speaking, Uṣūl al-kāfī contains traditions that deal with epistemology, theology, history, ethics, supplication, and the Qurʾān.', 32 => '|+'''''Uṣūl al-Kāfī''''':<ref>{{cite book|first=Etan|last=Kohlberg|title=belief and law in imami shiism|year=1991|page=523|publisher=Variorum}}</ref>', 33 => '|''Kitāb al-ʿaql wal jahl''', 34 => '|''Kitāb faḍl al-ʿilm''', 35 => '|''Kitāb at-tawḥīd''', 36 => '|''Kitāb al-ḥujjah''', 37 => '|''Kitāb al-īmān wal kufr''', 38 => '|''Kitāb ad-duʿāʾ''', 39 => '|''409 traditions''', 40 => '|''Kitāb ʿadhamat al-Qurʾān''', 41 => '|''Kitāb al-muʿāsharah'')', 42 => ''''''Furūʿ al-Kāfī''''': Books 9 through 34 are referred to as ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' and are found in volumes three through seven of the first type-set edition. ''Furūʿ al-kāfī'' contains traditions that deal predominantly with practical and legal issues.', 43 => '|+''Furū al-Kāfī''', 44 => ''''''Rawdat al-Kāfī''''': The final book stands alone as ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'', which is found in volume eight. ''Rawḍah al-kāfī'' contains nearly 600 miscellaneous traditions, many of which are lengthy letters and speeches, not arranged in any particular order.', 45 => '''Rawdat al-Kāfī''', 46 => '|The Book of Miscellanea -literally a garden from which one can pick many kinds of flowers', 47 => 'Most [[Shia]] scholars do not make any assumptions about the authenticity of a hadith book. Most believe that there are no "sahih" hadith books that are completely reliable. Hadith books are compiled by fallible people, and thus realistically, they inevitably have a mixture of strong and weak hadiths. Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths:', 48 => '<blockquote> ''"whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it"''{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}</blockquote>', 49 => 'According to the great Imami scholar Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmili, known as ash-Shahīd ath-Thāni (911-966/1505-1559), who examined the asanād or the chains of transmission of al-Kāfi's traditions, 5,072 are considered ṣaḥīḥ (sound); 144 are regarded as ḥasan (good), second category; 1,118 are held to be muwathaq (trustworthy), third category; 302 are adjudged to be qawi (strong) and 9,485 traditions which are categorized as ḍaʿīf (weak).<ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite news|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/kafi/1.htm|title=Selections from Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi}}</ref>', 50 => '==Scholarly remarks==', 51 => '* The author ([[Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni|Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqub al-Kulayni]]) stated in his Preface of Al-Kafi:', 52 => '<blockquote>"You said that you would love to have a sufficient book (kitābun kāfin) containing enough of all the religious sciences to suffice the student; to serve as a reference for the disciple; from which those who seek knowledge of the religion and want to act on it can draw authentic traditions from the Truthful [imams]—may God’s peace be upon them—and a living example upon which to act, by which our duty to God—almighty is he and sublime—and to the commands of his Prophet—may God’s mercy be on him and his progeny—is fulfilled...God—to whom belongs all praise—has facilitated the compilation of what you requested. I hope it is as you desired."<ref>{{cite book|last=Islamic Texts Institute|title=Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness|date=2012|publisher=Taqwa Media|isbn=9781939420008}}</ref> </blockquote>', 53 => '* Imam [[Khomeini]] (a prominent 20th century Shī‘ah scholar) said:', 54 => ' ', 55 => '<blockquote> ''"Do you think it is enough [''kafi''] for our religious life to have its laws summed up in ''al-Kāfī'' and then placed upon a shelf?"''<ref>''Wilayat al-Faqih: Al-Hukumah Al-Islamiyyah.'' p.72.</ref></blockquote>', 56 => 'The general idea behind this metaphor is that Khomeini objected to the laziness of many ignorant people of his day who simply kept al-Kafi on their shelf, and ignored or violated it in their daily lives, assuming that they would somehow be saved from Hell just by possessing the book. Khomeini argued that Islamic law should be an integral part of everyday life for the believer, not just a stale manuscript to be placed on a shelf and forgotten. The irony of the allusion is telling; Khomeini implicitly says that al-Kafi (the sufficient) is not ''kafi'' (enough) to make you a faithful Muslim or be counted among the righteous, unless you use the wisdom contained within it and act on * The famous Shī‘ah scholar [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq|Shaykh Sadūq]] didn't believe in the complete authenticity of ''al-Kāfī''. ', 57 => '[[Khoei]] points this out in his ''"Mu‘jam Rijāl al-Hadīth"'', or ''"Collection of Men of Narrations"'', in which he states:', 58 => '<blockquote> '''أنّ الشيخ الصدوق : قدّس سرّه : لم يكن يعتقد صحّة جميع مافي الكافي''' ', 59 => ':''"Shaykh as-Sadūq did not regard all of the traditions in ''al-Kāfī'' to be Sahih (truthful)."''<ref name="khoei">{{Cite web |url=http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |title=(Arabic reference) |access-date=2008-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527121650/http://www.alkhoei.net/data/almaktaba/m_r/01/p3.html |archive-date=2007-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>', 60 => 'The scholars have made these remarks, to remind the people that one cannot simply pick the book up, and take whatever they like from it as truthful. Rather, an exhaustive process of authentication must be applied, which leaves the understanding of the book in the hands of the learned. From the Shia point of view, any book other than the Qur'an, as well as individual hadiths or hadith narrators can be objectively questioned and scrutinized as to their reliability.', 61 => '== Shia view of al-Kafi relative to other hadith books ==', 62 => 'Kulayni himself stated in his preface that he only collected hadiths he thought were important and sufficient for Muslims to know, and he left the verification of these hadiths up to later scholars. Kulayni also states, in reference to hadiths: "whatever (hadith) agrees with the Book of God (the Qur'an), accept it. And whatever contradicts it, reject it".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |title=Answering-Ansar.org :: Nikah of Lady Umme Kulthum&#91;sa&#93; |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124100037/http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/umme_kulthum/en/chap7.php |archive-date=2010-01-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>', 63 => 'The author of al-Kāfi never intended for it to be politicized as "infallible", he only compiled it to give sincere advice based on authentic Islamic law (regardless of the soundess of any one particular hadith), and to preserve rare hadiths and religious knowledge in an easily accessible collection for future generations to study.', 64 => 'Al-Kāfi is the most comprehensive collection of traditions from the formative period of Islamic scholarship. It has been held in the highest esteem by generation after generation of Muslim scholars. Shaykh al-Mufīd (d.1022 CE) extolled it as "one of the greatest and most beneficial of Shia books." Al-Shahīd al-ʾAwwāl (d.1385 CE) and al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karāki (d.1533 CE) have said, "No book has served the Shia as it has." The father of ʿAllāmah al Majlisī said, "Nothing like it has been written for Islam."', 65 => '*[[Sharh Usul al-Kafi]], a commentary on the ''Uṣul al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad Salih al-Mazandarani]]', 66 => '*[[Mir'at al-Uqul]] /Mirror of the Mind, a commentary on ''al-Kāfi'' by [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi|Mohammad Baqir Majlisi]]', 67 => '*Sharh Usool Al-Kafi by [[Mulla Sadra]]', 68 => '*Sahih al Kafi by Muhammad Baqir al-Behbudi', 69 => '', 70 => '*[https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ Al-Kafi English Translation] (Volumes [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol1/ 1], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol2/ 2], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol3/ 3], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol4/ 4], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol5/ 5], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol6/ 6], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol7/ 7], [https://www.hubeali.com/alkafivol8/ 8]), compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Hub-e-Ali organization, publicly available for free.', 71 => '*[http://www.theislamicseminary.org/wp/books 'Usul al-Kafi English Translation, E-Book Volumes 1-8'], compiled by Muḥammad Ya'qūb al-Kulayni, translated by Muḥammad Sarwar, published by the Islamic Seminary INC NY, available for purchase.' ]
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
'1703645119'