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' {{Infobox person | name = Nadine Strossen | image = Nadine Strossen by David Shankbone.jpg | caption = Strossen in 2007 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|8|18}} | birth_place = [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | education = [[Radcliffe College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Harvard University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|law professor|activist}} | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Eli Noam]]|1980}} | module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office1 = 6th President of the<br>[[American Civil Liberties Union]] |term_start1 = February 1991 |term_end1 = October 18, 2008 |president1 = |predecessor1 = [[Norman Dorsen]] |successor1 = [[Susan Herman]] }} | module2 = {{Listen |embed= yes |filename= Nadine_Strossen_on_Free_Speech.ogg |title= Strossen's voice|type= speech|description= On the complexities of [[free speech]]}} }} '''Nadine Strossen''' (born August 18, 1950) is an American legal scholar and civil liberties activist who served as the president of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) from 1991 to 2008. A liberal feminist, she was the first woman to lead the ACLU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Former ACLU President Nadine Strossen to Present 14th Annual Alfange Lecture at UMass Amherst {{!}} College of Social & Behavioral Sciences |url=https://www.umass.edu/sbs/news/featured-event/former-aclu-president-nadine-strossen-present-14th-annual-alfange-lecture-umass |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www.umass.edu}}</ref> A professor at [[New York Law School]], Strossen is a member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/membership/roster |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> and other professional organizations. == Early life and education == <!--Note: Some of these citations apply also to other sentences in their respective section, especially preceding ones.--> == Strossen was born in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], on August 18, 1950.<ref name=":3" /> Her maternal grandfather was an immigrant to the United States from [[Yugoslavia]] and was a [[conscientious objector]] during [[World War I]], causing him to be [[Public humiliation|publicly humiliated]] at the courthouse in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]]. Strossen's father was born in Germany, where he was labeled as a [[half-Jew]] and spoke against [[Nazism]]. He was removed from school and placed in the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] until being liberated by American troops. Strossen's mother, a member of the [[National Organization for Women]] and supporter of [[Planned Parenthood]], was an advocate for [[women's rights]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=A Conversation with First Amendment expert Nadine Strossen |url=https://www.cpc.udel.edu/news/Pages/chatting-with-nadine-strossen.aspx |access-date=2020-01-12 |website=Center for Political Communication |publisher=[[University of Delaware]]}}</ref> <nowiki/>== Strossen was born in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], on August 18, 1950.<ref name=":3" /> Her maternal grandfather was an immigrant to the United States from [[Yugoslavia]] and was a [[conscientious objector]] during [[World War I]], causing him to be [[Public humiliation|publicly humiliated]] at the courthouse in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]]. Strossen's father was born in Germany, where he was labeled as a [[half-Jew]] and spoke against [[Nazism]]. He was removed from school and placed in the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] until being liberated by American troops. Strossen's mother, a member of the [[National Organization for Women]] and supporter of [[Planned Parenthood]], was an advocate for [[women's rights]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=A Conversation with First Amendment expert Nadine Strossen |url=https://www.cpc.udel.edu/news/Pages/chatting-with-nadine-strossen.aspx |access-date=2020-01-12 |website=Center for Political Communication |publisher=[[University of Delaware]]}}</ref> When she was eight years old, Strossen's family moved to [[Hopkins, Minnesota]]. She initially considered pursuing a career as a teacher; while attending high school in Hopkins, Strossen distinguished herself as a member of the school's debate team.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=West's Encyclopedia of American Law |publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0787663674 |editor-last=Lehman |editor-first=Jeffrey |editor-link=Jeffrey S. Lehman |edition=2nd |volume=9 |pages=375–377 |editor-last2=Phelps |editor-first2=Shirelle}}</ref> As a child, she frequented the local public library and her favorite book was [[Les Misérables]].<ref name=":4" /> In 1968, Strossen enrolled at [[Radcliffe College]], where she was a resident of Holmes Hall (now a part of [[Pforzheimer House]]) before moving to [[Winthrop House]] in 1970. She met her husband, [[Eli Noam]], while they were both at Harvard when he was a tutor in [[Adams House (Harvard College)|Adams House]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Schoenberger |first=Chana R. |date=June 3, 1997 |title=Battling for Liberty |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1997/6/3/battling-for-liberty-pnadine-strossen-72/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=[[The Harvard Crimson]]}}</ref> In addition to her involvements in debate, Strossen became interested in [[Feminism in the United States|feminism]] as an undergraduate student.<ref name=":3" /> She subscribed to a political philosophy of [[civil libertarianism]], later recalling that "the rallying cries were reproductive freedom and the anti-war movement".<ref name=":2" /> She graduated in 1972 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (B.A.) in history and literature as a [[National Merit Scholarship Program|National Merit Scholar]] and membership in [[Phi Beta Kappa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strossen |first=Nadine |date=2020 |title=Nadine Strossen {{!}} Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.nyls.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/nadinestrossen-cv-2023-july22.pdf |access-date=December 29, 2023 |website=[[New York Law School]]}}</ref> Strossen then attended [[Harvard Law School]], becoming an editor of the [[Harvard Law Review|''Harvard Law Review'']], and obtained her [[Juris Doctor]] (J.D.), ''[[magna cum laude]]'', in 1975.<ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=News: ACLU President Nadine Strossen |url=https://law.duke.edu/news/features/2004/strossen |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=[[Duke University School of Law]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Crystal |date=September 5, 2018 |title=Former ACLU President Nadine Strossen to Present 14th Annual Alfange Lecture at UMass Amherst |url=https://www.umass.edu/news/article/former-aclu-president-nadine-strossen |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=[[University of Massachusetts Amherst]] |language=en}}</ref> After graduating, she was a [[law clerk]] for a year at the [[Minnesota Supreme Court]].<ref name=":3" /> Her maternal grandfather was an immigrant from [[Yugoslavia]] who held [[Marxism|Marxist]] views. Her father was born in Germany and defined as a [[half-Jew]] by Hitler's racial laws because his mother was Jewish, although he was raised Lutheran.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |date=May 16, 2008 |title=Civil Liberties Luminary Nadine Strossen To Step Down As ACLU President |url=https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/civil-liberties-luminary-nadine-strossen-step-down-aclu-president |access-date=2020-01-12 |publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last=Lambert |first=Craig |date=September 2003 |title=Liberty's Defending Angel: ACLU president Nadine Strossen opens windows for all kinds of views. |newspaper=[[Harvard Magazine]] |url=https://harvardmagazine.com/2003/09/libertys-defending-angel.html |access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://alumni.nyls.edu/page.aspx?pid=326 |title=Why Do People Establish Scholarship Funds |publisher=New York Law School |access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref> She has stated that the experiences of her family were her inspiration to pursue a career in civil liberties. "My father was a [[Holocaust survivor]] and my mother's father was a protester during World War I when he came to this country as an immigrant, and he was literally spat upon for not going to fight in the war", said Strossen in an interview. "His official sentence for being a [[conscientious objector]] was to be forced to stand against the courthouse in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]] so that passers-by could spit on him."<ref>[[n:ACLU President Strossen on religion, drugs, guns and impeaching George Bush|Interview with Nadine Strossen]], ''[[Wikinews]]'', October 30, 2007.</ref> Strossen received her B.A. degree from [[Harvard College]] in 1972 [[Phi Beta Kappa]], and her [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] degree from [[Harvard Law School]] in 1975, ''[[magna cum laude]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACLU President Nadine Strossen |url=https://law.duke.edu/news/features/2004/strossen |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=law.duke.edu |language=en}}</ref> In law school, she served as an editor of the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]''.<ref name=":0" /> == Career <!--Note: Some of these citations apply also to other sentences in their respective section, especially preceding ones.--> == Strossen was an attorney in private practice, first in [[Minneapolis Minnesota]], from 1976 to 1978, then in [[New York City]] at [[Sullivan & Cromwell]] from 1978 to 1984.<ref name=":6" /> She left practicing to begin teaching as an associate professor of clinical law at the [[New York University School of Law]] from 1984 until 1988.<ref name=":7" /> Strossen specialized in constitutional law, federal courts, and human rights.<ref name=":3" /> She helped to create, and co-taught, the first stand-alone course dedicated to exploring the human rights responsibilities of global business at [[Columbia Business School]] in the early 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-25|title=Introduction: Teaching Business and Human Rights|url=https://teachbhr.org/resources/teaching-bhr-handbook/introduction-teaching-business-and-human-rights/|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Teaching Business and Human Rights Forum|language=en}}</ref> In 1983, Strossen joined the National Board of Directors of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU), then its national executive committee in 1985. From 1986 to 1991, she served as the organization's [[general counsel]].<ref name=":7" /> In the spring of 1990, ACLU president [[Norman Dorsen]] announced that he would be stepping down, and Strossen emerged as one of four candidates to assume the position, winning on the second ballot.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 21, 1991 |title=ACLU: Supposedly a part-time job |pages=11 |work=[[The Buffalo News]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/877002557/ |access-date=December 29, 2023}}</ref> === President of the ACLU === In 1991, Strossen became the first female president of the American Civil Liberties Union.<ref name=":3" /> She was the sixth person to have served in the position.<ref name=":4" /> As president, Strossen made over 200 public presentations. In May 2008, she announced her resignation. On October 18, 2008, the ACLU selected [[Susan Herman]], a constitutional law professor at [[Brooklyn Law School]] in New York, to replace her.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20081019/NEWS07/810190448/1009/NEWS07 |title=Across the nation &#124; Detroit Free Press |publisher=freep.com |access-date=2013-03-24}}</ref> == Other activities == She is also a founding member of [[Feminists for Free Expression]].<ref>[http://www.ffeusa.org/html/mission/index.html Feminists For Free Expression] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819062644/http://www.ffeusa.org/html/mission/index.html|date=2007-08-19}}</ref> She appeared in the 2000 docudrama ''[[Dirty Pictures]]''.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/05/27/pictures-worth-a-thousand-words/4b52778d-0d98-4c80-b5ef-32358f51df01 "'Pictures': Worth A Thousand Words"] by [[Tom Shales]], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', May 27, 2000</ref> In October 2001, Strossen made her theater debut as the guest star in [[Eve Ensler]]'s play, ''[[The Vagina Monologues]]'' at the [[National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|National Theatre]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/10/19/vagina-monologues-at-the-national-the-privates-go-public/9d9335eb-d7e3-4df6-a32f-997126c78854/ "''Vagina Monologues'' at the National: The Privates Go Public"] by Nelson Pressley, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', October 19, 2001</ref> Having been appointed as the chaired [[John Marshall Harlan II]] Professor of Law in 2015, she has been educating students in [[Constitutional law|Constitutional Law]] and [[Human rights|Human Rights]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Nadine Strossen |url=https://www.nyls.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/nadine-strossen-cv-2022-mar174.pdf |access-date=2022-10-19}}</ref> In 2019, her book ''Hate: Why We Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship'' was chosen as the [[Washington University in St. Louis]] Common Reading book.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HATE: Why We Should Resist It With Free Speech, Not Censorship |url=https://diversity.wustl.edu/events/event/hate-why-we-should-resist-it-with-free-speech-not-censorship-2/ |access-date=2019-08-26 |website=Diversity & Inclusion |language=en-US}}</ref> On August 26, Strossen delivered a keynote address at the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hate: Why We Should Resist It With Free Speech, Not Censorship {{!}} Assembly Series {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis |url=https://assemblyseries.wustl.edu/event/hate-why-we-should-resist-it-with-free-speech-not-censorship/?rd=20190826 |access-date=2019-08-26 |website=assemblyseries.wustl.edu}}</ref> On April 12, 2021, in "shaping Opinion", Strossen and host [[Tim O'Brien (author)|Tim O'Brien]] discussed her opinions and possible solutions on countering harmful or "[[hate speech]]" other than censoring it, as she sets out in her book.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Encore: Nadine Strossen - Free Speech Over Censorship |url=https://shapingopinion.com/encore-nadine-strossen-free-speech-over-censorship/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Shaping Opinion |language=en-US}}</ref> Strossen spoke at the inaugural gala for the [[Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression]] in New York City in April of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKERS - Free Speech Makes Free People: Celebrating a New Era of FIRE |url=https://web.cvent.com/event/82b6e2cf-6fce-4e4e-8586-e3d7147fdf99/websitePage:bfd9922f-b4e1-4b60-9f4a-081a5414df7b |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=web.cvent.com}}</ref> * [[Academic Freedom Alliance]] (AFA), founding member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Free Speech Controversies: A Discussion with Nadine Strossen {{!}} James Madison Program |url=https://jmp.princeton.edu/events/current-free-speech-controversies-discussion-nadine-strossen |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=jmp.princeton.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-21 |title=College educators form alliance to defend free expression |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-news-entertainment-e1ef82436852d77fd59b841d8a6b2c9a |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> * [[University of Austin]] (UATX), founding member<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=Higher-Education Critics Launch University of Austin |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-08/university-of-austin-announces-formation-on-twitter-and-substack |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menchaca |first=Megan |title=Coming soon: The University of Austin, focused on 'the intrepid pursuit of truth' |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2021/11/08/university-austin-launches-without-accreditation-physical-campus/6340353001/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Austin American-Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> == Personal life == Strossen is married to [[Eli Noam]], a professor at [[Columbia Business School]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Nadine Strossen |url=https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO27/20170727/106331/HHRG-115-GO27-Bio-StrossenN-20170727.pdf |access-date=December 29, 2023 |website=Document Repository |publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]}}</ref> They married in 1980.<ref name=":2" /> When she grew up, Strossen's mother prevented her from playing with dolls, an experience which she later suggested to have contributed in her choice not to have children.<ref name=":6" /> == Select publications == * 1995: ''Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex and the Fight for Women's Rights'' ({{ISBN|0-8147-8149-7}}) * 1996: ''Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties'' ({{ISBN|0-8147-3090-6}}) * 2018: ''Hate: Why We Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship'' ({{ISBN|0-1908-5912-1}}) ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Nadine Strossen}} * [https://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/nadine_strossen/ Profile] — [[New York Law School]] * [https://www.nyls.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/nadinestrossen-cv-2023-july22.pdf CV] — [[New York Law School]] * [https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/PRIN_MUDD_MC258 Papers at Philadelphia Area Archives] * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=openmind_ep1362|description="The Open Mind – American's Civil Liberties, Part I (1995)"}} * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=openmind_ep1363|description="The Open Mind – American's Civil Liberties, Part II (1995)"}} * [http://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/MC258 Nadine Strossen Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University] * {{C-SPAN|17384}} * {{IMDb name|1204336|Nadine Strossen}} {{Presidents of the American Civil Liberties Union}} {{American Civil Liberties Union}} {{Liberal feminism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strossen, Nadine}} [[Category:1950 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American feminist writers]] [[Category:American legal scholars]] [[Category:American people of German-Jewish descent]] [[Category:American women lawyers]] [[Category:Free speech activists]] [[Category:Harvard College alumni]] [[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]] [[Category:Liberal feminism]] [[Category:Presidents of the American Civil Liberties Union]] [[Category:American women legal scholars]] [[Category:Writers from Jersey City, New Jersey]]'