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'{{Infobox Australian Place | name = Fitzroy | image = Fitzroy victoria aerial.jpg | caption = Aerial view looking south over Fitzroy. [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]] (top); Atherton gardens [[Housing Commission of Victoria]] estate (tall buildings top); [[Fitzroy Town Hall]] (centre); [[Brunswick Street, Melbourne|Brunswick Street]] commercial centre (right) | state = vic | type = suburb | alternative_location_map = Australia Victoria metropolitan Melbourne | latd =37 |latm =48|lats =04 | longd =144|longm =58|longs =44 | lga = City of Yarra | area = 1.4 | city = Melbourne | est = 1839 | postcode = 3065 | pop = 8,814 | pop_footnotes = (2006) <ref name="abs">{{Census 2006 AUS | id = SSC21277 | name = Fitzroy (State Suburb) | accessdate = 2007-09-26 | quick = on}}</ref> | stategov = [[Electoral district of Richmond (Victoria)|Richmond]] | fedgov = [[Division of Melbourne|Melbourne]] | near-nw = [[Carlton North, Victoria|Carlton North]] | near-n = [[Fitzroy North, Victoria|Fitzroy North]] | near-ne = [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]] | near-w = [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]] | near-e = [[Collingwood, Victoria|Collingwood]] | near-sw = [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] | near-s = [[East Melbourne, Victoria|East Melbourne]] | near-se = [[Richmond, Victoria|Richmond]] | dist1 = 3 | location1 = [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne CBD]] }} '''Fitzroy''' is an [[inner city]] suburb of [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]], 2&nbsp;km north-east from Melbourne's [[Melbourne city centre|central business district]]. Its [[Local Government Areas of Victoria|Local Government Area]] is the [[City of Yarra]]. Its borders are Alexandra Parade (north), [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]] (south), [[Smith Street, Melbourne|Smith Street]] (east) and [[Nicholson Street, Melbourne|Nicholson Street]]. Fitzroy is Melbourne's smallest suburb in terms of area, being approximately 100 Ha. At the [[Census in Australia#2006|2006 Census]], it had a population of 8,814. Planned as Melbourne's first suburb,<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20040702011619/www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/fitzroy.html Australian Places - Fitzroy]</ref> it was later also one of the city's first areas to gain municipal status. It has a long associations with the working class and is currently inhabited by a wide variety of ethnicities and socio-economic groups and is known for a culture of [[bohemianism]], being main home of Melbourne's Fringe Festival. Its commercial heart is [[Brunswick Street, Melbourne|Brunswick Street]], which is one of Melbourne's major retail, eating, and entertainment strips. It has undergone waves of both [[urban renewal]] and [[gentrification]] since the 1950s. In response to past planning practices, much of the suburb is now a [[historic preservation]] precinct with many individual buildings and streetscapes covered by [[Heritage Overlay]]s,<ref>[http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/planningschemes/yarra/map.html]</ref> its built environment is diverse and features some of the finest examples of [[Victorian era]] architecture in Melbourne. The most recent changes to Fitzroy are mandated by the [[Melbourne 2030]] Metropolitan Strategy in which both Brunswick Street and nearby Smith Street are designated for redevelopment as [[Activity centre|Activity Centres]]. It was named after Sir [[Charles Augustus FitzRoy]], the Governor of [[New South Wales]] from 1846 to 1855{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}. ==History== {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2011}} [[File:Brunswick street fitzroy looking south in 1906.jpg|thumb|left|Looking south down Brunswick Street in 1906.]] [[File:VictoriaParade Fitzroy.jpg|right|thumb|[[Victoria Parade, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]], Fitzroy, 1935.]] Fitzroy was Melbourne's first suburb, created in 1839 when the area between Melbourne and Alexandra Parade (originally named Newtown) was subdivided into vacant lots and offered for sale. Newtown was later renamed [[Collingwood, Victoria|Collingwood]], and the area now called Fitzroy (west of Smith Street) was made a ward of the [[Melbourne City Council]]. On 10 September 1858, Fitzroy became a municipality in its own right, separate from the City of Melbourne. Surrounded as it was by a large number of factories and industrial sites in the adjoining suburbs, Fitzroy was ideally suited to working men's housing, and from the 1860s to the 1880s, Fitzroy's working class population rose dramatically. The area's former mansions became boarding houses and slums, and the heightened poverty of the area prompted the establishment of several charitable, religious and philanthropic organisations in the area over the next few decades. A notable local entrepreneur was [[Macpherson Robertson]], whose confectionery factories engulfed several blocks and stand as heritage landmarks today. The establishment of the [[Housing Commission of Victoria]] in 1938 saw swathes of new residences being constructed in Melbourne's outer suburbs. With many of Fitzroy's residents moving to the new accommodation, their places were taken by post-war immigrants mostly from [[Italy]] and [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], and the influx of [[Italy|Italian]] and [[Ireland|Irish]] immigrants saw a marked shift towards [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] from Fitzroy's traditional [[Methodism|Methodist]] and [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] roots. The Housing Commission would build two [[public housing]] estates in Fitzroy in the 1960s: one in Hanover Street and one at the southern end of Brunswick Street. Before World War I, Fitzroy was a working-class neighborhood, with a concentration of political radicals already living there. Postwar immigration into the suburb resulted in the area becoming socially diverse. Many working-class Chinese immigrants also settled in Fitzroy due to its proximity to [[Chinatown, Melbourne|Chinatown]], with also a noticeable Vietnamese community; a small enclave of Africans lives there, and the area (particularly Johnston Street) serves as a centre of Melbourne's Hispanic community, with many Spanish and Latin American-themed restaurants, clubs, bars and some stores. Like other inner-city suburbs of Melbourne, Fitzroy underwent a process of [[gentrification]] during the 1980s and 1990s. The area's manufacturing and warehouse sites were converted into apartments, and the corresponding rising rents in Fitzroy saw many of the area's residents move to [[Northcote, Victoria|Northcote]] and [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]]. In June 1994, the [[City of Yarra]] was created{{By whom|date=November 2010}} by combining the cities of Fitzroy, Collingwood and [[Richmond, Victoria|Richmond]]. ==Geography== Its topography is flat, it is laid out in [[grid plan]] and is characterised by a fairly tightly-spaced rectangular grid of medium-sized with many of its narrow streets and back lanes facilitating only [[one-way traffic]]. Its built form is a legacy of its early history when a mixture of land uses was allowed to develop close to each other, producing a great diversity of types and scales of building.<ref>"Fitzroy : Melbourne's first suburb / Cutten History Committee of the Fitzroy History Society. Published South Yarra, Vic. : Hyland House, 198 ISBN 0-947062-52-1"</ref> ==Demographics== In the [[Census_in_Australia#2006|2006 Australian Census]] conducted by the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], Fitzroy had a population of 8,814. The median age (33) was younger than the national average (37), while the median weekly individual income ($564 per week) was higher than the national average ($466). Only 25.2% of Fitzroy's population are married, compared to 49.6% nationwide. 43.7% of Fitzroy's population was born overseas in 2006, originating mostly from [[Vietnam]] (4.7%), [[China]] (3.5%), [[England]] (3.2%), [[New Zealand]] (3.0%), and [[Greece]] (1.4%). 61.8% only speak English at home. Other common languages spoken at home include [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Cantonese]] and [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]. A third of Fitzroy residents do not affiliate with any religious groups, up from roughly a quarter (26.5%) in the 2001 census and notably higher than Australian average of 18.7%. [[Catholic]] was the next most popular response (18.9%), followed by [[Anglican]] (6.8%), [[Buddhism]] (6.6%), and [[Eastern Orthodox]] (3.9%).<ref>[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (25/10/2010). [http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSelect?newproducttype=QuickStats&btnSelectProduct=View+QuickStats+%3E&collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=SSC21277&geography=State+Suburb&method=&productlabel=&producttype=&topic=Religion&navmapdisplayed=true&javascript=true&breadcrumb=LP&topholder=0&leftholder=0&currentaction=201&action=401&textversion=false "Fitzroy (State Suburb)"]. ''2006 QuickStats''. Retrieved on 14/11/2010.</ref> ===Housing=== [[File:Royal terrace carlton.jpg|Royal Terrace, Nicholson Street|thumb|right]] Fitzroy's housing is diverse, it has some of Melbourne's earliest surviving houses and one of Melbourne's most extensive stands of [[terrace house|terraced housing]] along with a mix of converted industrial and commercial buildings, walk-up flats, modern apartments and public housing. Among the earlies homes are Royal Terrace (1853–1858) on Nicholson Street overlooking the [[Carlton Gardens]] was one of the first of its kind in Melbourne. Fitzroy's "character housing" (pre-war) is now mostly gentrified and highly sought after real estate. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} The Atherton Gardens high-rise [[public housing]] estate on the corner of Brunswick and Gertrude Streets is one of Melbourne's largest, built by the [[Housing Commission of Victoria]] as part of its controversial "slum clearance" [[urban renewal]] program in the 1960s. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Due to its desirability as a place to live, Fitzroy faces increasing pressure for residential development. Recent residential projects in Fitzroy have sought to express a sense of Fitzroy's [[Neighbourhood character|urban character]] in various ways and have been hotly contested in some cases.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/09/1047144868351.html] "There goes the neighbourhood?"</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/05/31/1022569832148.html] "Fitzroy gets set for new development battle"</ref><ref>[http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/31051/20021007/users.bigpond.net.au/buzzadam/index.html] " 'Urban Joke' campaign against 'Urban Jazz' "</ref> ==Governance== [[File:Fitzroy Town Hall 01a.jpg|thumb|Former Fitzroy Town Hall functions as secondary offices for the City of Yarra]] Fitzroy's traditional representation at all levels of government reflects the area's working class and bohemianism, [[Left-wing politics]] dominates. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} The [[Australian Labor Party]] and more recently the [[Australian Greens]] both have a very strong political presence. At a local level, Fitzroy is part of the [[City of Yarra]] [[Local Government Areas of Victoria|Local Government Area]]. The Fitzroy area falls within the wards of Langridge and Nicholls, both of these wards are currently represented by the [[Australian Greens]]. At a state level, Fitzroy is within the [[Electoral district of Richmond (Victoria)|Richmond]], traditionally a safe [[Australian Labor Party]] seat. At federal level, it is within the [[Division of Melbourne|Melbourne]] which was recently taken from Labor by the [[Australian Greens]]. ===Former City of Fitzroy and Fitzroy Town Hall=== {{See|City of Fitzroy}} {{See|Fitzroy Town Hall}} The area formerly had its own municipal status from 1858 with the City of Fitzroy meeting at Fitzroy Town Hall on Napier Street. The Town Hall is on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]] for its state historical and architectural significance.<ref name=hc>{{cite web |url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/vhd/heritagevic#detail_places;471|title=Fitzroy Town Hall|work= Victorian Heritage Database |accessdate=2008-10-14 |publisher=Heritage Council of Victoria}}</ref> The building was constructed in stages (1863, 1887 and 1890) to comprise municipal [[offices]], meeting [[hall]], [[police station]], [[courthouse]] and [[clock tower]]. Since the amalgamation of the City of Fitzroy with the City of Collingwood and the City of Richmond in 1994 to form the City of Yarra, the Town Hall has functioned as secondary offices for the City of Yarra. ==Culture== ===Art=== [[File:Fitzroy street art.jpg|thumb|Various kinds of street art adorn many buildings throughout Fitzroy]] There are many small [[art gallery|commercial art galleries]], [[artist-run space]]s and artist [[studio]]s located within the suburb. Fitzroy has a thriving [[street art]] community and is also the home of [[Gertrude Contemporary Art Spaces]] and the [[Centre for Contemporary Photography]]. ===Live performance=== Fitzroy is a hub for live music in Melbourne, and plays host to several prominent venues: [[The Old Bar - Fitzroy|The Old Bar]], Bar Open, the Evelyn Hotel, Gertrudes Brown Couch, and Cape Live. The well-known Punters Club was also located in the area; however, it was forced to close in 2002. During the late 1970s, Fitzroy was home to the [[Little band scene|little bands scene]] (also known as the "North Fitzroy Beat"), which gave rise to experimental punk acts the [[Primitive Calculators]] and [[Ollie Olsen]]'s [[Whirlywirld]], rock group [[Hunters & Collectors]], and [[Lisa Gerrard]] of [[Dead Can Dance]].<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/hindsight/stories/2010/2946102.htm Do That Dance! Australian Post Punk 1977-1983], abc.net.au. Retrieved on 30-10-2010.</ref> ===Heritage=== The [[Moran and Cato]] warehouse designed by [[Robert Lawson (architect)|R.A. Lawson]] is considered to be of high architectural merit. The Old Tramways sheds are on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]]. The Champion Hotel is notable for its fanciful Edwardian design. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} ===Pubs=== [[File:Devonshire Arms Hotel.jpg|thumb|left|The Devonshire Arms; the oldest extant building in Fitzroy]] Fitzroy has a large number of pubs for such a small suburb. The former [[Devonshire Arms, Fitzroy|Devonshire Arms]] hotel was located in Fitzroy Street and remains the oldest building in Fitzroy. There are many other pubs in Fitzroy. ===Cafes=== The tiny suburb of Fitzroy has many cafes. Only one of the original three cafes is still standing - Marios. Bakers relocated North, and closed in 2007 while The Black Cat has transformed itself into a bar, but still retains its onstreet garden. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In fact Silas is the oldest Cafe located between King William and Moore Sts on the west side. Domenic is the prop. With the advance of [[gentrification]], a variety of cafes in different styles have opened up and down Brunswick Street, on Smith Street, parts of [[Gertrude Street]] and in some of the back streets in former [[milk bar]]s and warehouse sites. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} ===Sport=== The [[Fitzroy Football Club]] (the Fitzroy Lions) was formed in 1883 as part of the [[Australian Football League|VFL/AFL]]. The club had some early success before relocating its home games several times and finally running into financial difficulties in the 1980s, forcing it to merge with the [[Brisbane Bears]] in [[1996]] to form the [[Brisbane Lions]]. After sponsoring various local clubs, it returned as a playing club in its own right to play in the 2009 [[Victorian Amateur Football Association]] season and play out of the [[Edinburgh Gardens, Melbourne|Brunswick Street Oval]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/sport/afl/story/0,26576,24771588-19742,00.html | work=Herald Sun | first=Damian | last=Barrett | title=The old Lion roars again as Fitzroy is reborn | date=9 December 2008}}</ref> The [[Fitzroy Baseball Club]], known as the Fitzroy Lions, is a [[baseball]] club founded in 1889<ref name="Founding">[http://picasaweb.google.com/fitzroybaseball16/120YearCelebrationPhotos#5431665883901564562 Founding of the Fitzroy Baseball Club]</ref> to represent Fitzroy. The club has five senior teams competing in the [[Baseball Victoria Summer League]], as well as junior sides representing the club at every age level. The Fitzroy Stars Football Club are an Indigenous club that joined the [[Northern Football League (Australia)|Northern Football League]] in 2008. They currently play their home games at Crispe Park in Reservoir. The [[Melbourne Chess Club]], the oldest chess club in the southern hemisphere (est. 1866). {{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} == In Popular Culture == The 2010 Australian television show [[Offspring (TV series)]] was set almost entirely in Fitzroy <ref>http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/entertainment/a/-/entertainment/7730782/offspring-in-the-air-/</ref>. The main characters of the show were often seen at the Black Cat, a Brunswick Street bar. <ref>http://ten.com.au/offspring-offspring-photos-episode-2.htm</ref> Fitzroy has also featured in episodes of a number of Australian TV shows, including [[City Homicide]],<ref>http://www.savanahdesign.com.au/blog/?p=669</ref> and [[Rush (series 3)]] (notably in Season 3, where the team shot at Fitzroy Town Hall to commemorate the death of a former colleague). Australian musicians have also made mention of Fitzroy in their lyrics. [[Clare Bowditch]] made a reference to Fitzroy in the song Divorcee by 23 <ref>http://www.songmeanings.net/songs/view/3530822107858620615/</ref> as did the musical comedian [[The Bedroom Philosopher]] in the song Northcote (So Hungover) <ref>http://www.bedroomphilosopher.com/2010/03/18/northcote-so-hungover-lyrics/</ref>. Most notably, ARIA award winner [[Dan Sultan]] has the song Old Fitzroy, the black and white video for which is shot entirely in Fitzroy, featuring shots of and from Atherton Gardens as well as shots of a number of Fitzroy pubs <ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64uRvg86uXU&feature=related</ref> == Social and community services == The health needs of Fitzroy residents and other Melburnians is served by [[St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne|St Vincent's Hospital]]. There are two primary schools in Fitzroy: [http://www.fitzroyprimaryschool.vic.edu.au/ Fitzroy Primary School] (government school) and [http://www.shsfitzroy.catholic.edu.au/ Sacred Heart Primary School] (Catholic school). [http://www.fitzroyhs.vic.edu.au/ Fitzroy High School] is located in [[North Fitzroy]]. A long tradition of community activism and civil society with many social and community service organisations having been based there. Organisations currently operating in the suburb include: the [[Fitzroy Legal Service]], [[Yarra Community Housing Limited]], [[Transitional Housing Saint Vincent de Paul|Society of Saint Vincent de Paul]], [[Brotherhood of St Laurence]] and the [[Tenants Union of Victoria]], a free legal service for residential tenants. ==Transport== [[File:Brunswick Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.jpg|thumb|left|Brunswick Street looking south]] [[File:Ac newtram2.jpg|thumb|right|St Vincents Plaza tram interchange]] Fitzroy's major road arterials are Brunswick Street (north-south) and Johnstone Street (east-west). Other main roads, Victoria Parade, Nicholson Street, Smith Street and Alexandra Parade circumnavigate the suburb. It is characterised by a fairly tightly-spaced rectangular grid of medium-sized with many of its narrow streets and back lanes facilitating only [[one-way traffic]]. Traffic and parking congestion is a problem<ref>Millar, Royce [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/09/1047144868351.html "There goes the neighbourhood?"] The Age March 10, 2003</ref> and Fitzroy and local councils have implemented strategies to keep this traffic off residential side streets. It has been the site of several controversial inner city freeway proposals, particularly in the 1950s, however none of which have proceeded. There are no railway stations located in Fitzroy itself, with the nearest train stations being [[Rushall railway station|Rushall]] in North Fitzroy, [[Collingwood railway station|Collingwood station]] and [[Parliament railway station|Parliament station]]. An underground railway line running between the City Loop and Clifton Hill with stations located beneath Brunswick Street and Smith Street has been proposed{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}. Three tram lines pass through Fitzroy or its boundaries: *[[Melbourne tram route 86|Route 86]] ([[Bundoora, Victoria|Bundoora]]-[[Melbourne Docklands|Docklands]]): travels along Nicholson Street, [[Gertrude Street]] and Smith Street. *[[Melbourne tram route 96|Route 96]] ([[Brunswick East, Victoria|East Brunswick]]-[[St Kilda, Victoria|St Kilda]]): travels along Nicholson Street. *[[Melbourne tram route 112|Route 112]] ([[Preston, Victoria|West Preston]]-[[St Kilda, Victoria|St Kilda]]): bisects Fitzroy along [[Brunswick Street, Melbourne|Brunswick Street]]. The St Vincents Plaza tram interchange in adjacent East Melbourne is at the junction of Victoria Parade and Brunswick Street handles route 86 and 112 trams. [[File:Critical Mass Melbourne - Brunswick St.JPG|thumb|right|[[Critical Mass]] Melbourne at Brunswick Street]] Cycling is a very popular form of transport in Fitzroy {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} as with much of the City of Yarra. A station for the [[Melbourne Bicycle Share]] scheme is located near the St Vincents Plaza tram interchange. The [[City of Yarra]] also supports a [[car sharing]] service which has several locations in Fitzroy. ==Notable people== *[[Francis Birtles]] (1881–1941), adventurer *[[Jack Cooper (Australian rules footballer)|Jack Cooper]] (1889–1917), Australian rules footballer *[[Brody Dalle]] (1979–), lead singer of [[The Distillers]] *[[Bruce Dawe]] (1930–), poet *[[Alfred Deakin]] (1856–1919), the [[List of Prime Ministers of Australia|second]] [[Prime Minister of Australia]] *[[Arthur Drakeford]] (1878–1957), politician *[[Florrie Forde]] (1875–1940), popular singer and entertainer *[[E. Phillips Fox]] (1865–1915), painter associated with the [[Heidelberg School]] *[[Keith Hancock]] (1898–1988), historian *[[Harvey brothers]], cricketing family **[[Neil Harvey]] (1928–), Test cricketer, captained one Test **[[Merv Harvey]] (1918–1995), Test cricketer **[[Ray Harvey]] (1926–), first-class cricketer **[[Mick Harvey (umpire)|Mick Harvey]] (1921–), first-class cricketer and Test umpire *[[Donald Alaster Macdonald]] (1859–1932), journalist, nature writer and sports commentator *[[Bertram Mackennal]] (1863–1931), sculptor *[[Mary MacKillop]] (1842–1909), Roman Catholic nun and the only Australian saint - born on [[Brunswick Street, Melbourne|Brunswick Street]] *[[Laurie Nash]] (1910–1986), Test cricketer *[[Bert Newton]] (1938–), television personality *[[Charles Nuttall]] (1872–1934), painter, cartoonist and illustrator *[[Jack O'Hagan]] (1898–1987), musician *[[Ethel Florence Lindesay Richardson]] (1870–1946), author *[[Frank S. Williamson]] (1865–1936), poet == See also == * [[City of Fitzroy]] - the former local government area of the same name. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons|Fitzroy, Victoria}} *[http://indolentdandy.net/fitzroyalty/ Fitzroyalty] Fitzroy based local blog *[http://shawfactor.com/gazetteer/victoria/fitzroy/ Local History of Fitzroy] *{{1911|no-prescript=1|wstitle=Fitzroy}} {{Coord|-37.801|144.979|format=dms|type:city_region:AU-VIC|display=title}} {{City of Yarra suburbs}} {{Melbourne landmarks}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzroy , Victoria}}<!-- to force comma to sort before space --> [[Category:Suburbs of Melbourne]] [[de:Fitzroy (Victoria)]] [[no:Fitzroy (Victoria)]]'