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Timeline of the 2015 Atlantic hurricane season

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Timeline of the
2015 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Season boundaries
First system formedMay 8, 2015
Last system dissipatedNovember 12, 2015
Strongest system
NameJoaquin
Maximum winds155 mph (250 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure931 mbar (hPa; 27.49 inHg)
Longest lasting system
NameJoaquin
Duration10 days
Storm articles
Other years
2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

The 2015 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual hurricane season in the north Atlantic ocean.(there were 15 different recorded hurricanes this year). It was the third consecutive year to feature below-average tropical cyclone activity,[nb 1] with eleven named storms. The season officially began on June 1, 2015 and ended on November 30, 2015. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical systems form.[2] However, systems can and do form outside these dates, as did the season's first storm, Tropical Storm Ana, which developed on May 8; the season's final storm, Hurricane Kate, lost its tropical characteristics on November 11.

The year featured twelve tropical cyclones, of which eleven became tropical storms, including four hurricanes of which two intensified into major hurricanes.[nb 2] While no hurricanes made landfall on the United States mainland during the year, two tropical storms, Ana and Bill, struck the coastline of South Carolina and Texas respectively. Ana was earliest landfalling tropical storm on record in the United States and caused two fatalities, while Bill produced heavy rain and flooding and caused eight fatalities. Additionally, the precursor to Bill also caused significant flooding across Central America. In late August, Tropical Storm Erika brought heavy rainfall to several Leeward Islands, especially to Dominica. It caused widespread damage and 31 fatalities. In October, Hurricane Joaquin, a Category 4 hurricane, battered The Bahamas for two days, causing extensive devastation to that nation while also contributing to historic flooding across the Southeastern United States. Additionally, Joaquin was responsible sinking of the American cargo ship El Faro and for the deaths of its 33–member crew. Following the 2015 season, the names Erika and Joaquin were retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.[4][5]

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.

By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[6] The National Hurricane Center uses both UTC and the time zone where the center of the tropical cyclone is currently located. The time zones utilized (east to west) prior to 2020 were: Atlantic, Eastern, and Central.[7] In this timeline, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective regional time included in parentheses. Additionally, figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the National Hurricane Center's products. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury.

Timeline

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Hurricane Kate (2015)Hurricane JoaquinHurricane Fred (2015)Tropical Storm ErikaHurricane Danny (2015)Tropical Storm Bill (2015)Tropical Storm Ana (2015)Saffir–Simpson scale

May

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May 8

A satellite image of Tropical Storm Ana near the Atlantic Coast of South Carolina on May 9, 2015.
Tropical Storm Ana approaching South Carolina on May 9

May 9

May 10

May 12

June

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June 1

  • The 2015 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.[2]
A satellite image of Tropical Storm Bill shortly after it made landfall in Texas on June 16, 2015.
Tropical Storm Bill shortly after landfall in Texas on June 16

June 16

June 17

June 18

July

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July 13

July 15

August

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August 18

A picture of Hurricane Danny taken from the International Space Station August 20, 2015.
Hurricane Danny as seen from the International Space Station on August 20

August 20

August 21

August 22

August 23

August 24

An infrared satellite loop image showing Tropical Storm Erika over the Lesser Antilles on August 27, 2015.
Infrared satellite loop of Tropical Storm Erika over the Lesser Antilles on August 27

August 27

August 28

August 30

A satellite image of Hurricane Fred over the Cape Verde Islands on August 31, 2015.
Hurricane Fred over the Cape Verde Islands on August 31

August 31

September

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September 1

September 4

September 5

September 6

September 8

September 9

September 11

September 16

September 17

September 18

A map plotting the track and intensity Tropical Storm Ida at 6-hour intervals during its lifetime.
Map plotting the track and the intensity of Ida (starting at lower right corner)

September 19

September 21

September 24

September 27

September 28

September 29

September 30

Satellite and surface data loop of hurricane Joaquin from September 28, 2015, to October 7, 2015.
GOES animation of Joaquin from September 28 to October 7

October

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October 1

October 2

October 3

October 4

October 5

October 7

October 8

November

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A map plotting the track and intensity of Hurricane Kate at 6-hour intervals during its lifetime.
Map plotting the track and the intensity of Kate (starting at lower left corner)

November 8

November 9

November 11

November 12

November 30

  • The 2015 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.[2]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ An average Atlantic hurricane season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has 12 tropical storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes.[1]
  2. ^ Hurricanes reaching Category 3 (111 miles per hour (179 km/h)) and higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale are considered major hurricanes.[3]

References

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  1. ^ "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Dorst, Neal (June 1, 2018). "Hurricane Season Information". Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  3. ^ "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  4. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  5. ^ "World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Erika, Joaquin and Patricia". Silver Spring, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 25, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  6. ^ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". Miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  7. ^ "Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2020" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. April 20, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Stewart, Stacy R. (September 15, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Ana (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e Berg, Robbie J. (September 9, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bill (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d Avila, Lixion A. (August 14, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Claudette (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stewart, Stacy R. (January 19, 2016). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danny (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  12. ^ a b c Pasch, Richard J.; Penny, Andrew B. (February 8, 2016). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Erika (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Beven, John L. (January 20, 2016). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Fred (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d Blake, Eric S. (November 21, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Grace (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  15. ^ a b c d Kimberlain, Todd B. (October 21, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Henri (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  16. ^ a b c Brown, Daniel P. (November 16, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Nine (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  17. ^ Gutro, Rob (September 18, 2015). "TD9 (Atlantic Ocean)". Hurricane and Typhoon Updates. Greenbelt, Maryland: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  18. ^ a b c d e Cangialosi, John P. (November 7, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Ida (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  19. ^ Brennan, Michael J. (September 19, 2015). Remnants of Nine Discussion Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Berg, Robbie J. (January 12, 2016). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Joaquin (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  21. ^ a b c d e Avila, Lixion A. (January 4, 2016). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Kate (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  22. ^ Berg, Robbie J.; Brennan, Michael J. (November 9, 2015). Tropical Depression Twelve Intermediate Advisory Number 1A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
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