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Tropical cyclones in 1993

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Tropical cyclones in 1993
Year boundaries
First systemColina
FormedJanuary 13, 1993
Last systemRewa
DissipatedJanuary 23, 1994
Strongest system
NameKoryn
Lowest pressure905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHg
Longest lasting system
NameRewa
Duration28 days
Year statistics
Total systems110
Named systems78
Total fatalities1997
Total damage$4.3 billion (1993 USD)
Related articles
Other years
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
From left to right: Greg, Hilary and Irwin on August 21

During 1993, tropical cyclones formed within seven different bodies of water called basins. To date, 110 tropical cyclones formed, of which 78 were given names by various weather agencies. Only one Category 5 tropical cyclone was formed in 1993. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1993 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 710.4 units.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

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A weak El Niño prevailed until the end of the year, leading to inactivity in the North Atlantic and the North Indian Ocean and an average activity in the West Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere (excluding the Australian region basin).[1]

Summary

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Cyclone RewaHurricane Gert (1996)Hurricane Lidia (1993)Typhoon Yancy (1993)Hurricane Emily (1993)Hurricane Hilary (1993)Tropical Storm Cindy (1993)Hurricane Fernanda (1993)Tropical Storm Bret (1993)Typhoon Robyn (1993)Tropical Storm Percy (1993)Tropical Storm Ofelia (1993)Hurricane Calvin (1993)Tropical Storm Beatriz (1993)Tropical Storm Arlene (1993)Typhoon Koryn (1993)Tropical Depression One (1993)Cyclone PremaCyclone KinaCyclone Ninatropical cyclone basins

North Atlantic Ocean

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1993 Atlantic hurricane season summary map

An average Atlantic hurricane season features 12 tropical storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 106. In the year, the statistics fell below, featuring only 8 tropical storms, 4 hurricanes and a major hurricane- making it a below-average season. It had an ACE total of 39.

The first tropical cyclone, Tropical Depression One, developed on May 31, while the final storm, Tropical Depression Ten, dissipated on September 30, well before the average dissipation date of a season's last tropical cyclone; this represented the earliest end to the hurricane season in ten years. The most intense hurricane, Emily, was a Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale that paralleled close to the North Carolina coastline causing minor damage and a few deaths before moving out to sea.

The most significant named storm of the season was Hurricane Gert, a tropical cyclone that devastated several countries in Central America and Mexico. Throughout the impact areas, damage totaled to $170 million (1993 USD)[nb 1] and 102 fatalities were reported. The remnants of Gert reached the Pacific Ocean and was classified as Tropical Depression Fourteen-E. Another significant system was Tropical Storm Bret, which resulted in 184 deaths and $25 million in losses as it tracked generally westward across Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia, and Nicaragua. In the Pacific Ocean, the remnants of Bret were attributed to the development of Hurricane Greg. Three other tropical cyclones brought minor to moderate effects on land; they were Tropical Depression One and Tropical Storms Arlene and Cindy. The storms of the 1993 Atlantic hurricane season collectively caused 339 fatalities and $319 million in losses.

Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean

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1993 Pacific hurricane season summary map

An average Pacific hurricane season features 15 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 132. In the year, the statistics fell above, featuring 15 tropical storms, 11 hurricanes, and 9 major hurricanes- making it a slightly above-average season. It had an ACE total of 201.8 units.

The first tropical cyclone developed on June 11, over a month after the traditional start of the season. The final named storm of the season, Tropical Storm Norma, dissipated on October 14. The Central Pacific Ocean saw very little tropical activity, with only one cyclone, Hurricane Keoni, developing in that particular region. However, many storms out of the season crossed the threshold into the Central Pacific, many as hurricanes, and even major hurricanes.

The season produced fifteen named storms, which was slightly below the average of sixteen named storms per season. However, the total of eleven hurricanes during the season was slightly above average, and the total of nine major hurricanes was significantly higher than the average of three. The most intense cyclone of the season was Hurricane Lidia, a powerful Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in Sinaloa as a Category 2. Killing seven people, Lidia also caused extensive property damage in Mexico and the United States, as the remnants of the system combined with a cold front to produce Severe weather in Texas. However, the most notable storm of the season, in terms of fatalities, was Hurricane Calvin. Originating from an area of disturbed weather on July 4, it reached a peak intensity of 110 mph (180 km/h) before making an initial landfall near Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Rapidly weakening due to land interaction with the Mexican coastline, the hurricane re-emerged into Pacific waters, though the storm did not strengthen, and continued to weaken as it moved northwestward. On July 8, Calvin made a second, and final, landfall on the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula before weakening to a tropical depression and dissipating on July 9. At least 34 deaths can be attributed to the system, as well as $32 million (1993 USD) or more in damage.

Western Pacific Ocean

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1993 Pacific typhoon season summary map

The average typhoon season lasts year-round, with the majority of the storms forming between May and October. An average Pacific typhoon season features 26 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, and 9 super typhoons (unofficial category). It also features an average Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of approximately 294; the basin is typically the most active basin for tropical cyclone formation. The season was average when it comes to the number of tropical storms (28); however, the number of typhoons and the super typhoons were below-average, spawning 15 and 3, respectively.

Typhoon Koryn was the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, becoming a super typhoon and peaking with a pressure of 905 hPa. It caused 37 direct deaths and damages amounting to $224 million as it devastated the Philippines and the South China. Irma caused 10 fatalities as it affected the Marshall and the Caroline Islands. Robyn caused $68 million worth of damages as it affected Japan and the nearby South Korea. Yancy also affected the country, causing over 48 deaths and damages over $1 billion. Lola and Manny of December, altogether caused 538 deaths as it affected the Philippines. Nell closed the season, dissipating on January 1, 1994.

North Indian Ocean

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1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

The season was the quietest on record in the basin, with only four tropical disturbances forming.

There were no storms before June, and during that month, a deep depression formed off the east coast of India. It brought flooding rains as it moved through Bangladesh and dissipated over northeastern India. The depression struck in the midst of ongoing floods, which were responsible for 200 deaths in the country in June 1993. The next depression – the only to originate over the Arabian Sea in the season – formed on November 8 and moved toward southern India. The system killed 35 people before weakening and turning to the northwest. It re-intensified into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm, but weakened just off the coast of Pakistan due to wind shear. The storm killed 609 people in the country due to flooding. The final two depressions had their origins from the western Pacific basin. In late November, a convective system crossed the Malay Peninsula and developed into an intense tropical cyclone, reaching estimated peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) on December 4. While at peak intensity, the cyclone moved ashore southern India near Karaikal, causing widespread damage estimated at US$216 million (1993 USD). The storm killed 70 people and displaced at least 68,000 people. The final depression was the reformation of Typhoon Manny. It dissipated near southern India on December 20, bringing heavy rainfall to the country.

South-West Indian Ocean

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1992–93 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map
1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

January–June

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The 1992–93 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season lasted longer than normal, with the first storm, Aviona forming on September 27, 1992 and the final storm Konita not dissipating until May 7, 1993. It was an above-average season, with four tropical cyclones – the equivalent of a minimal hurricane – along with six tropical storms, one subtropical depression, and several depressions including one that was named.

At the time, the season officially went from November 15, 1991, to April 30, 1992,[2] although this season began in September with the formation of Tropical Storm Aviona in the northeastern portion of the basin. A month later, Tropical Storm Babie also formed in the northeastern portion of the basin before the season's official start. After several depressions formed in December and early January, Cyclone Colina formed and struck Réunion, which damaged houses and killed 2 people and left 12 missing there. Three storms were active at the same time in the middle of January, including Colina – Tropical Storm Dessilia moved across Madagascar with gusty winds, and Cyclone Edwina was the longest-lasting and strongest storm of the season. Edwina brushed the Mascarene Islands with gusty winds and light rainfall. In mid-February, Tropical Storm Finella brought locally heavy rainfall to Réunion, reaching 1,074 mm (42.3 in) along the island's east coast and causing minimal rainfall along the southern coast. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) became active toward the end of February, spawning tropical storms Gracia and Ionia as well as Tropical Depression Hutelle. Ionia, the last of five system to cross Madagascar during the season, killed eight people in the country. The season ended with Cyclone Jourdanne, which was the second-strongest storm of the season in April, and Cyclone Konita in May.

July–December

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Alexina formed as a tropical disturbance on November 9, starting the season. It then dissipated on November 14 without affecting any landmasses. Bettina also formed in the same month, without affecting land as it dissipated. A tropical disturbance and Cecilia formed on the month of December, with the latter ending the 1993 season.

Australian region

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1992–93 Australian region cyclone season summary Map
1993–94 Australian region cyclone season summary Map

January–June

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A below-average tropical cyclone season, the basin produced 6 storms. Nina persisted until January 1, shortly before exiting the region. The entire cyclones of the month didn't cause any deaths or damages, however, Adel left two fatalities and fifteen missing as it passed on the north coast of Papua New Guinea, a rare occurrence.

July–December

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Naomi started the season when it formed on December 14. It affected Western Australia and the damages or deaths are unknown. Cyclone Rewa took an unusual and erratic track near the coast of Queensland, forming on December 26 in the South Pacific basin and dissipating on January 21 in the next year, on the Australian region. Oscar ended the 1993 season, dissipating on January 9 near the coast of the Western Australia.

South Pacific Ocean

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1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season summary Map
1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season summary Map

January–June

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July–December

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Systems

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January

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Cyclone Edwina

In January 1993, seven cyclones formed within their respective basins. The strongest cyclone of the season was Cyclone Edwina, which affected the islands of Rodrigues, Mauritius, and Réunion; however, it caused no impacts throughout its life. Cyclone Colina and Tropical Storm Dessilia also existed during this time, with the former affecting the Mascarene Islands and Seychelles as a tropical cyclone, killing two.

In the Australian region, only Cyclone Lena formed during this month, affecting Western Australia. Towards the South Pacific basin, three cyclones existed during the month including two tropical depressions and Lin. Lin was a tropical cyclone that affected the Samoan Islands, Niue, Fiji, and Tonga, causing an unknown number of damages and deaths.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
08P January 1–3 85 (50) Not specified Cook Islands None None
09P January 11–14 Not specified Not specified French Polynesia None None
Colina January 13–20 135 (85) 970 Mascarene Islands, Seychelles Unknown 2 [3]
Dessilia January 16–24 95 (60) 975 Juan de Nova Island, Madagascar, Réunion Unknown Unknown
Edwina January 19–29 170 (105) 925 Île Amsterdam None None
Lena January 22 – February 2 100 (65) 972 Western Australia Unknown None
Lin January 30 – February 5 120 (75) 970 Samoan Islands, Fiji, Niue, Tonga Unknown Unknown

February

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Cyclone Oliver
Tropical cyclones formed in February 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Oliver February 3 – 14 185 (115) 950 Papua New Guinea, Far North Queensland Unknown Unknown
Mick February 3 – 9 85 (50) 987 Fiji, Samoan Islands, New Zealand, Tonga Minimal Unknown
Nisha February 9 – 16 110 (70) 975 Cook Islands None None
Finella February 12 – 15 80 (50) 984 Mascarene Islands None None
Oli February 14 – 20 75 (45) 990 Vanuatu, Fiji Unknown Unknown
Gracia February 20 – 23 70 (45) 990 Mayotte, Madagascar Unknown None
H1 February 24 – 26 Not specified Not specified None None
Hutelle February 27 – March 2 Not specified Not specified Réunion, Madagascar None None
Polly February 27 – March 9 155 (100) 945 Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand Unknown Unknown
01W (Atring) February 28 – March 1 55 (35) 1010 Philippines None None

March

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Cyclone Prema
Tropical cyclones formed in March 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Ionia March 2–7 65 (40) 993 Madagascar Minimal 8
Irma March 7–17 95 (60) 985 None None None
Roger March 12–20 110 (70) 980 None None None
Prema March 24 – April 6 185 (115) 940 Vanuatu, New Caledonia $5 million 3

April

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Cyclone Jourdanne
Tropical cyclones formed in April 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Jourdanne April 2–10 165 (105) 930 None None None
Monty April 6–13 110 (70) 992 None None None
Bining April 9–13 55 (35) 1002 Caroline Islands, Philippines None None
Kuring April 19–26 55 (35) 1008 Caroline Islands, Philippines None None

May

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Cyclone Konita
Tropical cyclones formed in May 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Konita May 2–7 130 (80) 955 None None None
Daling May 2–4 45 (30) 1006 Philippines None None
Adel May 11–16 120 (70) 970 Papua New Guinea Minimal 3
Jack May 16–22 65 (40) 1008 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands None None
One May 31 – June 2 55 (35) 999 Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Florida, The Bahamas Unknown 20

June

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Typhoon Koryn
Tropical cyclones formed in June 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Adrian June 11–19 130 (80) 979 None None None
Koryn (Goring) June 16–29 195 (120) 905 Caroline Islands, Philippines, China $224 million 37
Elang June 17–20 55 (35) 1008 Philippines None None
BOB 01 June 17–19 55 (35) 988 India, Bangladesh Heavy 200
Arlene June 18–21 65 (40) 1000 Central America, Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States $60.8 million 26
Beatriz June 18–20 100 (65) 995 Southwestern Mexico Unknown 6
Three-E June 27 – July 2 55 (35) 1006 Southwestern Mexico, Baja California Sur Minimal None

July

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Hurricane Dora
Tropical cyclones formed in July 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Calvin July 4–9 175 (110) 966 Western Mexico, Baja California Sur $32 million 37
Lewis (Huling) July 7–13 95 (60) 985 Philippines, South China, Vietnam Unknown Unknown
TD July 13 Un­known 1002 South China None None
Marian (Ibiang) July 14–16 75 (45) 1000 None None None
Dora July 14–21 215 (130) 945 None None None
Eugene July 15–25 205 (125) 948 None None None
TD July 17–22 Un­known 1008 None None None
Nathan July 19–25 100 (65) 980 Mariana Islands, Japan Unknown Unknown
TD July 21 Un­known 1008 None None None
Ofelia (Luming) July 24–27 85 (50) 990 Japan Unknown Unknown
Percy (Miling) July 27–30 100 (65) 980 Mariana Islands, Japan Unknown Unknown
Narsing July 30–31 55 (35) 1000 None None None
TD July 31 Un­known 1002 Philippines, Taiwan None None

August

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Typhoon Yancy
Tropical cyclones formed in August 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Robyn (Openg) August 1–11 155 (100) 940 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea $68 million 45
Keoni August 9 – September 1 165 (105) 940 None None None
Fernanda August 9–19 230 (145) 934 Hawaii $5 million None
Bret August 4–11 65 (40) 1000 Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, ABC islands, Venezuela, Colombia, Central America $37.5 million 213
Steve (Pining) August 6–14 100 (65) 980 Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands None None
15W August 13–14 45 (30) 1002 Marshall Islands None None
Tasha (Rubing) August 15–22 120 (75) 970 Philippines, China None None
Cindy August 14–17 75 (45) 1007 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic $19 million 4
Greg August 15–28 215 (130) 948 None None None
Hillary August 17–27 195 (120) 957 Baja California Sur, California, Iowa None None
Vernon August 21–28 140 (85) 960 Japan Minimal 2
Winona (Saling) August 22–29 75 (45) 990 Philippines, Vietnam Unknown Unknown
Irwin August 21–22 110 (70) 999 Southwestern Mexico None None
Emily August 22 – September 6 185 (115) 960 East Coast of the United States, Bermuda $35 million 3
TD August 23–25 1002 Mariana Islands None None
Dennis August 23–28 85 (50) 1000 None None None
Yancy (Tasing) August 29 – September 4 175 (110) 925 Japan $1.67 billion 48
Jova August 29 – September 5 215 (130) 948 Southwestern Mexico None None

September

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Hurricane Lidia
Tropical cyclones formed in February 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Zola (Unsing) September 5–9 95 (60) 985 Japan None None
Kenneth September 5–17 240 (150) 932 None None None
Floyd September 7–10 120 (75) 990 Newfoundland and Labrador Minimal None
TD September 7–8 1006 Philippines None None
Lidia September 8–14 240 (150) 930 Southwestern Mexico, California $8 million 7
Abe (Walding) September 9–15 155 (100) 940 Philippines, Taiwan, China Unknown None
Becky (Yeyeng) September 13–18 120 (75) 980 Philippines, South China None 1
Gert September 14–21 155 (100) 970 Central America, Mexico $170 million 116
Harvey September 18–21 120 (75) 990 None None None
Dot (Anding) September 20–27 140 (85) 965 Philippines, China Unknown None
Fourteen-E September 21–25 55 (35) 1002 Southwestern Mexico None None
Cecil September 23–27 155 (100) 940 Mariana Islands None None
Binang September 25 1004 None None None
Ten September 29–30 55 (35) 1008 None None None
Max September 30 – October 4 75 (45) 1000 None None None

October

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Typhoon Ed
Tropical cyclones formed in October 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Ed (Dinang) October 1–8 185 (115) 915 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands None None
Flo (Kadiang) October 1–8 120 (75) 970 Philippines, Ryukyu Islands $188 million 576
Norma October 2–6 75 (45) 1000 None None None
Epang October 6–13 45 (30) 1002 Philippines, South China None None
Gene (Gundang) October 7–10 65 (40) 998 Caroline Islands None None
Seventeen-E October 11–14 55 (35) 1009 None None None
Hattie October 19–25 95 (60) 980 Marshall Islands None None
TD October 22 992 None None None
Ira (Husing) October 27 – November 5 150 (90) 950 Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, China Unknown Unknown

November

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Typhoon Kyle
Tropical cyclones formed in November 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Jeana November 5–10 85 (50) 992 Caroline Islands None None
ARB 01/02 November 8–16 120 (75) 986 India, Pakistan Unknown 644
Alexina November 9–14 85 (50) 982 None None None
Indang November 12–13 45 (30) 1008 Philippines None None
32W November 13–16 45 (30) 1002 Caroline Islands None None
33W November 17–19 45 (30) 1002 Marshall Islands None None
Bettina November 25 – December 2 110 (70) 970 None None None
Kyle (Luring) November 17–24 130 (80) 960 Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia $1.5 million 110

December

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Cyclone Rewa
Tropical cyclones formed in December 1993
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph)
Pressure
(hPa)
Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
BOB 02 December 1–4 165 (105) 968 India $216 million 70
Lola (Monang) December 1–9 150 (90) 955 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia $261 million 370
Manny (Naning) December 3–16 140 (85) 955 Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand $50 million 245
Cecilia December 12–21 100 (65) 972 Mauritius None None
Oning December 14–16 55 (35) 1004 Philippines None None
Naomi December 14–18 140 (85) 960 Western Australia Minimal None
BOB 03 December 19–20 55 (35) 1006 Southern India None None
Nell (Puring) December 21–31 110 (70) 975 Philippines None None
Rewa December 26, 1993 – January 23, 1994 205 (125) 920 Melanesia, Eastern Australia, New Zealand Unknown 20
Oscar December 28, 1993 – January 9, 1994 65 (40) 995 Northern Territory, Western Australia None None

Global effects

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There are a total of 9 tropical cyclone basins, 7 are seasonal and two are non-seasonal, thus all 8 basins except the Mediterranean are active. In this table, data from all these basins are added.

Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
1993 Atlantic hurricane season
1993 Pacific hurricane season
1993 Pacific typhoon season
1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
1992–93 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1992–93 Australian region cyclone season
1993–94 Australian region cyclone season
1992–93 South Pacific cyclone season
1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season

See also

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Notes

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2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1993 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1993 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses wind gusts.

  1. ^ All damage figures are in 1993 USD, unless otherwise noted

References

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  1. ^ What is La Niña? (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  2. ^ Neal Dorst; Anne-Claire Fontan. When is the hurricane season for each basin? (Report). Météo France. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
  3. ^ "Meteorology". Journal of Meteorology. 18. Artetech International. 1993. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
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Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

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