User:Bunnycide/sandbox/gibbusdeformity
Gibbus deformity is a form of structural kyphosis typically found in the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine, where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged. Gibbus deformity is included in a subset of structural kyphosis that is distinguished by a higher-degree angle in the spinal curve that is specific to these forms of kyphosis. Other conditions within this subset include Pott’s disease and Scheuermann kyphosis, but gibbus deformity is marked by an especially sharp angle.[1]Viewed from behind, the resulting hunchback is more easily seen when bending forward.[1]
Gibbus deformity most often develops as a result of spinal tuberculosis and is the result of collapse of vertebral bodies.[2] [3][4] This can in turn lead to spinal cord compression causing paraplegia. [5][6]In addition to tuberculosis, other possible causes of gibbus deformity include pathological diseases, hereditary and congenital conditions, and physical trauma to the spine that results in injury.[7][8]Gibbus deformity may result from the sail vertebrae associated with cretinism, the childhood form of hypothyroidism, and certain congenital syndromes, including achondroplasia.
References
[edit]- ^ a b http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1437.html
- ^ Batirel, A.; Erdem, H.; Sengoz, G.; Pehlivanoglu, F.; Ramosaco, E.; Gülsün, S.; Tekin, R.; Mete, B.; Balkan, İ.İ. "The course of spinal tuberculosis (Pott disease): results of the multinational, multicentre Backbone-2 study". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 21 (11): 1008.e9–1008.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.07.013.
- ^ Garg, Ravindra Kumar; Somvanshi, Dilip Singh (2011-09-01). "Spinal tuberculosis: A review". The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 34 (5): 440–454. doi:10.1179/2045772311y.0000000023. ISSN 1079-0268. PMID 22118251.
- ^ Kasper D.L. et al., Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 16.ed, 2005 p.958
- ^ Ghandi, Mehak; Aycock, Ryan D.; Berwald, Nicole; Hahn, Barry. "Gibbus Deformity". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 49 (3): 340–341. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.04.004.
- ^ Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 20th Ed, 2006.
- ^ Yaman, Onur; Dalbayrak, Sedat. "Kyphosis and review of the literature". Turkish Neurosurgery. 24 (4). doi:10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.8940-13.0. ISSN 1019-5149.
- ^ Castriota-Scanderbeg, Alessandro (2005). Abnormal Skeletal Phenotypes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 167–232. doi:10.1007/3-540-30361-8_3.pdf. ISBN 3540303618.
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