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Fabric Treatment
[edit]Fabric treatments are processes that make fabric softer, water resistant, enhance dye penetration after they are woven.[1] Fabric treatments get applied when the textile itself cannot add other properties.[2] Treatments include, scrim, foam lamination, fabric protector or stain repellent, anti microbial and flame retardant.[2]
Materials are needed for fabric treatment, different materials and chemical processes will be used in various purposes.[3]
Fabric treatment device, tumble tryer, is beneficial in softening the fabrics after adding one or more conditioning agents.[4]
The composition of fabric treatment is that, making the fabric both softened and anti-static in a laundry dryer.[5]
Materials
[edit]Products that contain ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride are sold in many countries for softening purpose. The products are used in matched with a technique. The technique is used in the rinsing cycle of the washing process.[3] The ammonium salts is made up with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carbon atoms, benzyl group, water soluble anoin.[3] The anion that include, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate and methyl sulphate. The compound that use for softening, contains tallow fatty acid, which react with dimethyl amine to form dimethyl amino propan. The compound is esterified with hardened rape seed oil fatty.[3]
Outerwear fabrics consist hydrophobic synthetic fibers, which provide the purpose of protecting the materials from water and oil.[6] Different degrees of resistance to abrasion, laundering and dry cleaning lead to various level of durability of the outerwear fabrics.[6] Outerwear that is made completely of hydrophobic synthetic fiber are based on polyamides, such as nylon, and polyleneglycol terephthalate.[6] Other materials that are made of 100% synthetic fibers, include upholstery and carpet fabrics. The purpose of using synthetic fibers is to make the product water durable and oil repellent. (Landucci, 1975)[6]
Devices
[edit]Tumble dryer is a machine that allows materials or chemical agents to soften the fabrics during the treatment process. Tumble dryer is reusable and attaches a door. The co-mingling of the fabrics is separated from the substrates after the completion of the drying process. (Hagemann, Hayes,[4] Stains will be on the fabrics when the fabrics are unevenly distribute, is the disadvantage of using the tumble dryer.[4] A reservoir for storing a fabric treatment composition is a device that the tumble dryer provides for different drying cycles.[4]
The nebulizer system is used in the fabric treatment devices.[7] For general use for clothes cleaning, typical household washing machines and dryer are used. These devices can help to remove the water soluble stains and light particulates.[7] The nebulizer is installed inside the fabric treatment devices with a chamber. The chamber is separated into two sections, one stores all the particulates that removed and the other one is for the fluid removal system.[7]
Composition
[edit]Cationic softener is a fabric softening composition, which include fatty alkyl sorbitan ester component.[5] The fabric softening composition work effectively under the temperature at around 50 to 100 degree Celsius.[5]
Optional softener composition components can be added in the combination of cationic or sorbitan ester softening compositions, that include perfumes, brightening agents, shrinkage controllers and spotting agents.[5] Preferred liquid carriers include isopropyl alcohol or water mixtures, they are evaporative under room temperature.[5] Methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants are used as carriers for the softening compositions of the dryer dispensing.[5] Anti-creasing agents, finishing agents, fumigants, lubricants, fungicides and sizing agents can be added in the softener composition. The additive optional composition components should be weighted between 0.01% to 10% of the total mix of softening composition.[5]
Dispersing agent is effective to the release of the solvent and softening or treatment agent on the fabric articles. No visible dispersing agent residue will not be left on the fabric.[8]
Fabric modifier or fabric treatment sheet, can replace the fabric softening agent. Fabric modifier is made up of a selection of the group that consists of anti-creasing agents, anti-soil agents, anti-static agents, bacteriostatic agents, brightening agents, bodying agents, dyes, odor masking agents, fragrances, fiber emollients, finishing agents, germicides, lubricants, mildew or moth proofing agents, shrinkage controllers, sizing agents, a starch composition, a water repellent composition and a composition for conferring spot resistance.[8]
Formula
[edit]The formulation of fabric treatment composition is that in a 1.5 litre beaker, 219.8 g is distilled water, 287.9 ml is polyethylene glycol, 100 ml is 2-ethanol and the mixture is heated to 85 degree Celsius. 120 ml of sodium stearate is added during the heating process. Stir the mixture until all components are in solutions. 21 g of cocamide is added before 14 g of melted oleth-20 is added into the beaker. After 5 minutes, 143.4 g of quaternium-27 and 13.6 g of melted bentonite are added and dispersed, followed by 15 g of Korthix H. 15 g of frangrance can be added to the mixture and stire for 15 minutes.[8]
The fabric treatment formulation is in a gelled or thickened liquid form. Four compulsory ingredients, that include, a dispersing agent, a liquid vehicle which consist of water, a fabric treatment agent, a surfactant.[8]
The quaternary amines is used in the fabric treatment formulation of cationic softening or conditioning agent. The quaternary amines is used to condition the dried fabrics and to reduce static cling and lint.[8]
Anti-creasing agents consist of corn starch and polyvinyl acetate.[8]
Anti-soil agents consist of polyacrylic polyvinyl alcohol compositions.[8]
Anti-static agents consist of nonionic and anionic surfactants, cationic amine surfactants and aluminium oxide and stearate.[8]
Bacteriostatic agents consist of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.[8]
Bodying agents consists of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch and polyvinyl acetate.[8]
Germicides consist of halogenated salicylanilides, hexachlorophene, neomycin sulfate and benzalkonium quaternary compounds.[8]
Lubricants consist of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and methyl oleate.[8]
Mildew or moth proofing agents consist of dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts, for example distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.[8]
Shrinkage controllers consist of caustic soda, which is used in mercerising strength, water soluble resinous precondensates and glyoxal and sizing agents.[8]
Stain release
[edit]Fabric protection minimise the fiber wear, maintain fabric appearance by reducing fiber pilling, reduce colour loss, inhibiting the deposition of fugitive dyes onto the fabric during the washing process.[9]
- ^ Przybylek, S. (2020). Fabric Finishing & Treatments: Process & Methods. Lecture. Retrieved7 February 2020, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/fabric-finishing-treatments-process-methods.html
- ^ a b Fabric Treatments - Camira Fabrics. (2020). Retrieved 7 February 2020, from https://www.camirafabrics.com/en/our-expertise/fabric-treatments
- ^ a b c d Naik, A., Todt, K., & Wells, M. (1979). Fabric Treatment Materials. United States.
- ^ a b c d Hagemann, U., Hayes, S., Honey, R., & Watt Kerr, C. (2003). Fabric Treatment Device. United States.
- ^ a b c d e f g Zaki, W., & Murphy, A. (1977). Fabric Treatment Compositions. United States.
- ^ a b c d Landucci, D. (1975). Outwear Fabric Treatment. United States.
- ^ a b c McAllister, K., & Minkin, A. (2011). Nebulizer System for a fabric treatment appliance. United States.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smith, J. (1997). Fabric Treatment and softener system for in-dryer use. United States.
- ^ Casella, V., Kaaret, T., Mills, S., Buskirk, G., DeLeo, M., & Rodriguez, C. (2005). Fabric Treatment for stain release. United States.