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This page includes some cladograms on the Carnivoramorpha and related material being written for use in wikipedia articles.

Carnivoramorpha

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Wesley-Hunt & Flynn (2005)

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x
Carnivoramorpha
Viverravidae
Carnivoraformes

Oodectes herpestoides

(~Miacidae)
(~Miacoidea)

Spalding et al (2010)

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Based on the tree in Spalding et al (2010).[1]

Based on cladistic analysis by Wesley-Hunt & Flynn (2005),[2] with additions as made by Wesley-Hunt & Werdelin (2005), Polly et al (2006), Spalding & Flynn (2009), Spaudling et al (2010), Tomiya (2011).

Quercygale angustidens[3] Vivarravus acutis[4] “Miacis” uintensis[5] Dawsonicyon isami[1] Lycophocyon hutchisoni[6] (note Goswami in citation)



Sole et al (2014,2016)

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Cladogram based on morphological analysis of Sole et al (2014, Figures 9 & 10), with additional species from Sole et al (2016).[7][8]

Carnivoramorpha
Viverravidae
Protictis

Protictis schafi

Didymictis

Didymictis vanclevae

Didymictis protenus

Viverravus

Vivarravus gracilis

Vivarravus minutus

Vivarravus acutus

Carnivoraformes
Uintacyon group

Uintacyon vorax

Uintacyon massetericus

Uintacyon rudis

Uintacyon hookeri

Zodiocyon zetesios

Uintacyon gingerichi

Xinyuictis tenuis

Oodectes group

Gracilocyon winkleri

Gracilocyon rundlei

Gracilocyon solei

Oodectes

Oodectes herpestoides

Oodectes jepseni

"Miacis" petilus

"Miacis" exiguus

Dormaalocyon latouri

"Miacis" deutschi

Vulpavus group
Vassacyon

Vassacyon prieuri

Vassacyon promicrodon

Vassacyon taxidiotis

Vulpavus profectus

Vulpavus palustris

Vulpavus australis

Vulpavus ovatus

Palaearctonyx

Viverravidae

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Taxonomy retrieved from the Paleobiology Database[9]

  • Family †Viverravidae Wortman and Matthew 1899 (synonym: Didymictidae Flynn and Galiano 1982)
    • Genus †Didymictis Cope 1875
      • Didymictis altidens Cope 1880
      • Didymictis leptomylus Cope 1880
      • Didymictis protenus Cope 1874 (synonym: Didymictis curtidens Cope 1882)
      • Didymictis proteus Polly 1997 (synonym: Didymictis dellensis Dorr 1952)
      • Didymictis vancleveae Robinson 1966
    • Genus †Orientictis Huang and Zheng 2005
      • Orientictis spanios Huang and Zheng 2005
    • Genus †Preonictis Tong and Wang 2006
      • Preonictis youngi Tong and Wang 2006
    • Genus †Protictis Matthew
      • Subgenus. †Protictis (Bryanictis) MacIntyre 1966
        • Bryanictis microlestes Simpson 1935
        • Bryanictis paulus Meehan and Wilson 2002
      • Subg. †Protictis (Protictis) Matthew 1937
      • Subg. †Protictis (Protictoides) Flynn and Galiano 1982
        • Protictoides aprophatos Flynn and Galiano 1982
      • Protictis agastor Gingerich and Winkler 1985
      • Protictis haydenianus Cope 1882 (synonyms: Didymictis primus Cope 1884, Prolimnocyon macfaddeni Rigby, Jr. 1980)
      • Protictis minor Meehan and Wilson 2002
      • Protictis paralus Holtzman 1978
      • Protictis simpsoni Meehan and Wilson 2002
    • Genus †Simpsonictis MacIntyre 1962
      • Simpsonictis jaynanneae Rigby, Jr. 1980
      • Simpsonictis pegus Gingerich and Winkler 1985
      • Simpsonictis tenuis Simpson 1935
    • G. †Variviverra Tong and Wang 2006
      • Variviverra vegetatus Tong and Wang 2006
    • Genus †Viverravus Marsh 1872
      • Viverravus acutus Matthew and Granger 1915
      • Viverravus gracilis Marsh 1872 (type species)(synonyms: Didymictis dawkinsianus Cope 1881, Harpalodon vulpinus Marsh 1872, Triacodon fallax Marsh 1871, Ziphacodon rugatus Marsh 1872)
      • Viverravus lawsoni Hooker 2010
      • Viverravus laytoni Gingerich and Winkler 1985 (synonym: Viverravus bowni Gingerich 1987)
      • Viverravus lutosus Gazin 1952
      • Viverravus minutus Wortman 1901
      • Viverravus nitidus Marsh 1872
      • Viverravus politus Matthew and Granger 1915 (synonym: Protictis schaffi Gingerich and Winkler 1985)
      • Viverravus rosei Polly 1997
      • Viverravus sicarius Matthew 1909 (synonym: Ziphacodon Marsh 1872)
    • Genus †Viverriscus Beard and Dawson 2009
      • Viverriscus omnivorus Beard and Dawson 2009
    • incertae sedis:

Creodonta

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Proviverrinae

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  • Sole et al (2014, Figure 9).[11]
  • Need to compare to tree in Sole et al (2015, Figs 6-8).[12]


Miacidae

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Miacis Systematics(from Catalan article)

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External systemtics

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[[Fitxer:Miacidae indet skeleton.JPG|thumb|230px|right|Miacidae sp. a l'MNHN de París]]

Miacis is the type genus of the family Miacidae, a group of primitive carnivoramorphs that appeared in North America during the Tiffanian faunal stage (corresponding to the end of Selandian and beginning of the Thanetian in the ICS Geologic timescale). Most groups of miacids remained in America, but some genera (Miacis, Paramiacis, Chailicyon, Quercygale and Pugiodens) spread to Eurasia. The miacids had a similar appearance to the Martes today.

The following genera make up the family of Miacidae:

Taxonomy

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  • section added to Miacis article

Since Edward Drinker Cope first described the genus Miacis in 1872, at least twenty other species have been assigned to Miacis. However, these species share few synapomorphies other than plesiomorphic characteristics of Miacids in general. This reflects the fact that Miacis has been treated as a wastebasket taxon and contains a diverse collection of species that belong to the stemgroup within the Carnivoramorpha.[13] Many of the species originally assigned to Miacis have since been assigned to other genera and, apart from the type species, Miacis parvivorus, the remaining species are usually referred to parenthetically (e.g. Miacis latidens). The following table lists the Miacis species in chronological order of their original description and notes the reassignments to other genera.

Species Authority Type locality Status
M. parvivorus Cope, 1872[14] Black's Fork of Green River, Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) Type species. Alteratively Viverravus parvivorus and Vulpavus parvivorus
M. sylvestris Marsh, 1872[15] Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) Harpalodon sylvestris according to J. L. Wortman 1901[16]
M. vulpinus Scott & Osborn, 1887[17] Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) Described as Amphicyon vulpinum; assigned to Miacis by Matthew (1909)[18]
M. uintensis Osborn 1895[19] Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) now assigned to Prodaphaenus uintensis Friscia & Rasmussen 2010[20]
M. hargeri Wortman, 1901[21] Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA)
M. medius Matthew, 1909[18] Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA)
M. exiguus Matthew & Granger, 1915[22] Clark's Fork Basin (Wyoming, USA)
M. latidens
M. invictus Matthew & Granger, 1925[23] Irdin Manha Formation (Inner Mongolia, China)
M. hookwayi Stock, 1934[24] Tapo Canyon (California, USA)
M. gracilis Clark, 1939[25] Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) now assigned to Procynodictis vulpiceps
M. latouri Quinet, 1966 now assigned to Dormaalocyon latouri[7]
M. lushiensis Chow, 1975 Shanghuang Quarry (Jiangsu, China)
M. deutschi Gingerich, 1983[26] Clark's Fork Basin (Wyoming, USA)
M. petilus
M. australis Gustafson, 1986[27] Rifle Range Hollow or Blue Cliff Horizon (Texas, USA) now assigned to Angelarctocyon australis[28]
M. cognitus Reeves Bonebed (Texas, USA) now assigned to Gustafsonia cognita in Caniformia[28]
M. boqinghensis Huang et al., 1986[29] Huoshipo, Guojiazhuang Village, Hedi Formation (China)
M. rundlei Hooker, 2010 now assigned to Gracilocyon rundlei [7]
M. washakius
M. winkleri Gingerich, 1983 Gracilocyon winkleri (type species)[7]
M. solei Smith & Smith, 2010 Gracilocyon solei[7]
M. rosei Heinrich et al., 2008 Gracilocyon rosei[7]
M. thailandicus

References

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  1. ^ a b Spaulding, Michelle; Flynn, John J.; Stucky, Richard K. (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  2. ^ Wesley‐Hunt, Gina D.; Flynn, John J. (2005). "Phylogeny of the carnivora: Basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of 'miacoidea' relative to carnivora". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 3 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1017/S1477201904001518. ISSN 1477-2019.
  3. ^ Wesley-Hunt, G.D.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 837–846. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  4. ^ Polly, P. David; Wesley-Hunt, Gina D.; Heinrich, Ronald E.; Davis, Graham; Houde, Peter (2006). "EARLIEST KNOWN CARNIVORAN AUDITORY BULLA AND SUPPORT FOR A RECENT ORIGIN OF CROWN-GROUP CARNIVORA (EUTHERIA, MAMMALIA)". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 1019–1027. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00586.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  5. ^ Spaulding, Michelle; Flynn, John J. (2009). "Anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of "Miacis"uintensis(Mammalia: Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1212–1223. doi:10.1671/039.029.0408. ISSN 0272-4634.
  6. ^ Goswami, Anjali; Tomiya, Susumu (2011). "A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans". PLoS ONE. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. ISSN 1932-6203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ a b c d e f Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis'latouriand a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634.
  8. ^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.
  9. ^ Paleobiology Database. Retrieved with Fossilworks (March 3, 2017)
  10. ^ Zack, Shawn P. (2012). "Deciduous dentition of Didymictis(Carnivoramorpha: Viverravidae): implications for the first appearance of "Creodonta"". Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 808–817. doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-245.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
  11. ^ Solé, Floréal; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Yves, Laurent (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155. ISSN 0024-4082.
  12. ^ Solé, Floréal; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Vidalenc, Dominique; Goswami, Anjali (2015). "New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe". Palaeontology. 58 (6): 1049–1072. doi:10.1111/pala.12198. ISSN 0031-0239.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sole2014" was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ E. D. Cope. 1872. Third account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene of Wyoming Valley. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-4 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
  15. ^ O. C. Marsh. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II. American Journal of Science 4(21):202-224
  16. ^ J. L. Wortman. 1901. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum. The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
  17. ^ W. B. Scott and H. F. Osborn. 1887. Preliminary Report on the Vertebrate Fossils of the Uinta Formation, Collected by the Princeton Expedition of 1886. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 24(126):255-264 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
  18. ^ a b W. D. Matthew. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  19. ^ H. F. Osborn. 1895. Fossil mammals of the Uinta Basin. Expedition of 1894. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7(2):71-105
  20. ^ A. R. Friscia and D. T. Rasmussen. 2010. Middle Eocene Carnivoramorpha of the Uinta Basin, Utah. Annals of Carnegie Museum 79(1):51-63 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
  21. ^ J. L. Wortman. 1901-1902. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum,- Part 1: Carnivora. American Journal of Science
  22. ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger. 1915. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  23. ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger. 1925. New mammals from the Irdin Manha Eocene of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates (198)1-10 [K. Beard/K. Beard]
  24. ^ C. Stock. 1934. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 20(7)
  25. ^ Clark, John. 1939. Miacis gracilis, a new carnivore from the Uinta Eocene. Annals of The Carnegie Museum 27, 349--370
  26. ^ P. D. Gingerich. 1983. Systematics of Early Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 26(10):197-225
  27. ^ E. P. Gustafson. 1986. Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
  28. ^ a b Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703.
  29. ^ X.-S. Huang, Y.-S. Tong, and J.-W. Wang. 1999. A new Miacis (Mammalia Carnivora, Miacidae) from the Middle Eocene of Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 37(4):291-299 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]