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Field cultivation
[edit]Three cultivation techniques can be used for the stinging nettle: 1) direct sowing, 2) growing seedlings in nurseries with subsequent transplantation and 3) vegetative propagation via stolons or head cuttings.
- Direct sowing: The seedbed should have a loose and fine structure, but should be reconsolidated using a packer roller imminently prior to sowing.[2] Sowing time can be either in autumn[3] or in spring[4]. Seed density should be 6 kg/ha with row spacing of 30 cm and 42-50 cm in autumn and spring, respectively.[2][3][5] The disadvantage of direct sowing is that it usually leads to incomplete plant coverage.[2][5] This drawback can be mitigated by covering the seedbed with a transparent perforated foil in order to improve seed germination.[2] [3] Further, weed control can be problematic as the stinging nettle has a slow seedling development time.[2]
- Growing seedlings: For this technique pre-germinated seeds are sown between mid-/end-February and beginning of April and grown in nurseries. Seedlings are grown in tuffs with 3-5 plants / tuff and a seed density of 1.2-1.6 kg / 1000 tuffs. A fastened germination is achieved by alternating high temperature during daytime (30 °C for 8 h) and lower temperature during nighttime (20 °C for 16 h).[2][5] Before transplanting, the seedlings should be fertilized and acclimated to cold temperatures.[2] Transplantation should start around Mid-April with row spacing of 42-50 cm and plant spacing within rows of 25-30 cm.[4][5]
- Vegetative propagation: Stolons (with several buds) of 10 cm should be planted from Mid-April in a depth of 5-7cm.[4] Head cuttings are grown in nurseries starting between mid-May and mid-June. Growing tips with two leaf-pairs are cut from the mother plant and treated with root-growth inducing hormones. Transplantation can be delayed in comparison to the growing seedling technique.[2]
The stinging nettle can also been grown in controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) systems, such as soil-less medium cultivations or aeroponics.
According to a study[6], CEA systems can achieve much higher yields, standardize the quality, as well as reduce harvesting costs and contamination.
- ^ Heyland, Klaus-Ulrich (2006). "Ölfrüchte, Faserpflanzen, Arzneipflanzen und Sonderkulturen". Handbuch des Pflanzenbaues. Vol. Band 4. Stuttgart: Ulmer.
{{cite journal}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Bomme, U. (1996). "Kulturanleitung für Brennnesseln". Bayerische Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau, Abteilung Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, LBP Freising. München.
- ^ a b c Heeger, E. F. (1956). "Handbuch des Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzenbaus". Leipzig: Deutscher Bauernverlag.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Bomme U.; Unterholzerner S (1996). "Günstigste Verfahren zum Anbau der Grossen Brennnessel". Gemüse 3: 233-234.
- ^ a b c d Dachler M.; Pelzmann H. (1999). "Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen". Anbau — Ernte — Aufbereitung. 2. Auflage. Wien: Österreichischer Agrarverlag (VUA).
- ^ a b Pagliarulo, C.L.; Hayden, A.L.; Giacomelli, G.A. (2004). "Potential for greenhouse aeroponic cultivation of Urtica dioica". Acta Horticulturae. 659: 61-66.