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Vijayaraga

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Vijayaraga
Ruler of Chera Perumal Kingdom
Reignc. 883/84—c. 895 AD[1]
PredecessorRama Rajasekhara[1]
SuccessorGoda Goda (or) Kerala Kesari[1]
SpouseKizhan Adikal Ravi Neeli
Issue
HouseChera Perumal of Makotai
ReligionHinduism

Vijayaraga (fl. c. 849—895 AD) was the Chera Perumal ruler of Kerala from c. 883/84—c. 895 AD.[1] The reign of Vijayaraga probably witnessed the expansion of Chera Perumal influence into the neighboring Ay and Mushika countries (southern and northern Kerala).[2]

Vijayaraga appears as the royal prince as early as the fifth regnal year of Chera Perumal king Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (c. 849 AD).[3] He also married the daughter of Kulasekhara (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel).[3] A record of the princess can be found in the southern Ay country.[4] It is possible that he was also the nephew (son of sister) of Kulasekhara.[5] Two of his daughters were married to the Chola king Parantaka I.[6]

Vijayaraga was formerly identified with king Goda Ravi (r. 905/06—c. 943/44) of the Chera Perumal dynasty.[1][5]

Sources

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Inscriptions

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  • Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 AD) — mentioned as the royal prince under king Sthanu Ravi (r. 844/45—c. 870/71 AD).[3]
  • Thirunandikkara inscription — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neeli), wife of Vijayaraga and daughter of Kulasekhara.[3]
  • Thiruvotriyur inscription (936 AD, 29th regnal year) — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel), wife of Chola king Parantaka I and daughter of Vijayaraga.[3]

Dynastic chronicle

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Vijayaraga must be the same royal who is described as the Kerala king 'Jayaraga' in the Mushika Vamsa Kavya, a dynastic chronicle composed in the 11th century AD. According to the kavya, Jayaraga married the daughter of Kunchi Varma, the Mushika king at the time (North Kollam).[2]

Vijayaraga also led a military expedition to the Mushika kingdom against his brother-in-law Ishana Mushika. It was Goda Varma Keralaketu, a son of Jayaraga, who eventually re-established a truce between the two kingdoms.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cera State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108857871.
  2. ^ a b c Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 65-67 and 97-98. ISBN 9788188765072.
  3. ^ a b c d e Narayanan, M. G. S., ed. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Cera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 437-38 and 442-43. ISBN 9788188765072.
  4. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9788188765072.
  5. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 65–67. ISBN 9788188765072.
  6. ^ Spencer, George (1982). "Ties that Bound: Royal Marriage Alliance in the Chola Period". Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Asian Studies. Hong Kong: Asian Research Service: 723.