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Yusufeli Dam

Coordinates: 40°49′02″N 41°38′43″E / 40.81722°N 41.64528°E / 40.81722; 41.64528
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Yusufeli Dam
Yusufeli Dam is located in Turkey
Yusufeli Dam
Location of Yusufeli Dam in Turkey
Official nameYusufeli Barajı
CountryTurkey
LocationYusufeli, Artvin Province
Coordinates40°49′02″N 41°38′43″E / 40.81722°N 41.64528°E / 40.81722; 41.64528
StatusOperational
Construction beganFebruary 26, 2013
Opening date22 Nov 2022
Construction cost487 million (approx. US$270 million)
Owner(s)State Hydraulic Works
Dam and spillways
Type of damArch, double-curvature[1][2][3]
ImpoundsÇoruh River
Height270 m (886 ft)
Length490 m (1,608 ft)
Width (crest)15 m (49 ft)
Dam volume2,900,000 m3 (102,412,533 cu ft)
Spillway typeService, controlled chute
Spillway capacity8,000 m3/s (282,517 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
CreatesYusufeli Reservoir
Total capacity2,130,000,000 m3 (1,726,819 acre⋅ft)
Surface area33.63 km2 (13 sq mi)
Power Station
Turbines3 x 180 MW Francis turbines
Installed capacity540 MW
Annual generation1,705 GWh (est.)

The Yusufeli Dam is an arch dam on the Çoruh River near Yusufeli in Artvin Province within the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The Yusufeli Dam will be the second largest dam within the larger Çoruh River Development Plan, which plans to build 13 dams, of which two are operational and another two are under construction. The dam's main purpose is hydroelectric power production and it will support a 540 MW power station. The dam is controversial because of its projected impact on the biodiversity within its reservoir area along with the relocation of the locals.

On February 26, 2013, the foundation stone was laid in a ceremony attended by Minister of Forestry and Waterworks Veysel Eroğlu and Minister of Labor and Social Security Faruk Çelik. It is expected that the construction of the dam will cost 487 million (approx. US$270 million).[4] The dam's opening date was initially set to May 29, 2018.[5] In 2018, the expected opening date was pushed back to 2021, and the dam became operational at the end of 2022.[6] As of 2023, Yusufeli Dam is the highest dam in Turkey and the 9th tallest dam in the world.[7]

History

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The first studies on the Yusufeli Dam were carried out in the 1970s and it was included in the Coruh River Hydropower Development Master Plan in 1982. The feasibility report was completed in 1986 and the project was added to the national plan in 1997.[8]

Design

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Situated 70 km (43 mi) southwest of Artvin, the Yusufeli will be a double-curvature arch dam with a height of 270 m (886 ft) from its foundation and 223 m (732 ft) from the river's thalweg (lowest point of river bed). It will have a crest length of 490 m (1,608 ft) and crest width of 15 m (49 ft) while being composed of 2,900,000 m3 (102,412,533 cu ft) of concrete.[8]

The dam's crest will sit at an altitude of 715 m (2,346 ft) above sea level while the normal operating level of its reservoir will be 710 m (2,329 ft), maximum will be 712 m (2,336 ft) and the minimum 670 m (2,198 ft). The reservoir surface area of 33 km2 (13 sq mi) will have a total storage capacity of 2,130,000,000 m3 (1,726,819 acre⋅ft) and an active or "useful" storage of 1,080,000,000 m3 (875,570 acre⋅ft). The dam's spillway will be a service controlled chute type with a maximum discharge capacity of 8,000 m3/s (282,517 cu ft/s).[8]

The dam will have an underground power station that is 110 m (361 ft) long, 21.4 m (70 ft) wide and 45.2 m (148 ft) high. Within the power station will be 3 x 180 MW vertical shaft Francis turbines.[8]

Design activities will be carried out by Su-Yapi Engineering and Consulting Inc.

Construction is to be carried out by a Limak Holding-Cengiz Holding-Kolin consortium.[1]

Projected biological impacts

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If built, Yusufeli Dam is expected to have significant biological impacts including:

Nationally rare plants threatened by the Yusufeli Dam
Species Endemic Threat level Distribution in Turkey
Reseda globosa No Critically endangered Coruh Valley
Lathyrus woronowii Endemic Critically endangered Coruh Valley
Ferula mervinii Endemic Critically endangered Yusufeli & its vicinity
Anthemis calcarea var calcarea Endemic Critically endangered Artvin-Erzurum
Anthemis calcarea var discoidea Endemic Critically endangered Artvin-Erzurum
Centaurea straminicephala Endemic Critically endangered Coruh Valley
Centaurea leptophylla Endemic Critically endangered Yusufeli & its vicinity
Clypeola raddeana Endemic Endangered Coruh Valley
Morina persica var decussatifolia Endemic Endangered Artvin-Erzurum
Campanula troegeraeƒ Endemic Endangered Artvin-Erzurum
Verbascum gracilescens Endemic Endangered Coruh Valley
Asperula virgata Endemic Endangered Coruh Valley
Acer divergens var divergens Endemic Vulnerable Coruh Valley
Sempervivum staintonii Endemic Vulnerable Coruh Valley
Seseli andronakii Endemic Vulnerable Artvin-Erzurum
Bupleurum brachiatum Endemic Vulnerable Middle & East Blacksea
Bupleurum schistosum Endemic Vulnerable Coruh Valley
Centaurea pecho Endemic Vulnerable East Blacksea
Centaurea hedgei Endemic Vulnerable Artvin-Erzurum
Linaria genistifolia subsp artivinensis Endemic Vulnerable Coruh Valley
Iris taochia Endemic Vulnerable East Blacksea

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Yusufeli Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant". Limak. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  2. ^ "Yusufely Dam: Dam Structural Calculation Turkey" (PDF). Poyry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  3. ^ "Regional Office - Artvin". State Hydraulic Works. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  4. ^ "Foundation of Turkey's tallest dam, Yusufeli, laid in Artvin". Today's Zaman. 2013-02-26. Archived from the original on 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  5. ^ "Canlı yayında ilginç pazarlık". Hürriyet Gündem (in Turkish). 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  6. ^ "Yusufeli locals face eviction, worried about future". Hurriyet Daily News. 18 November 2018.
  7. ^ "Türkiye'nin en yüksek barajının temeli atıldı". Sabah (in Turkish). 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  8. ^ a b c d "YUSUFELİ BARAJI ve HES" (PDF) (in Turkish). State Hydraulic Works. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  9. ^ "Lambourne, M 2006, 'Biological Assessment: the Yusufeli Dam & Hydro-electric Power Project's Environmental Impact Assessment'" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  10. ^ Ekim, T, Koyuncu, M, Vural, M, Duman, H, Aytac, Z & Adiguzel, N 2000, Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabi – Red Data Book of Turkish Plants, Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği – Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature, Ankara, Turkey.
  11. ^ IUCN 2006, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Archived December 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Eken G, Bozdogan M, I˙sfendiyaroglu S, Kılıç DT & Lise Y, (editor) 2006, Key biodiversity areas in Turkey, Doga Dernegi, Ankara, Turkey.