grief: difference between revisions

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t+nb:sorg t-balance (Assisted)
m replace <* {{audio|en|en-us-grief.ogg|Audio (US)}}> with <* {{audio|en|en-us-grief.ogg|a=US}}>; replace <* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-grief.wav|Audio (UK)}}> with <* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-grief.wav|a=UK}}>; replace <* {{audio|nl|Nl-grief.ogg|Audio}}> with <* {{audio|nl|Nl-grief.ogg}}>; replace <* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-grief.wav|Audio}}> with <* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-grief.wav}}> (clean up audio captions)
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==English==
==English==

⚫
===Alternative forms===
⚫
* {{l|en|greefe}} {{i|obsolete}}, {{l|en|griefe}} {{i|obsolete}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-}}
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|greef}}, {{m|enm|gref}}, from {{der|en|fro|grief||grave, heavy, grievous, sad}}, from {{der|en|la|gravis||heavy, grievous, sad}}. {{doublet|en|grave}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|greef}}, {{m|enm|gref}}, from {{der|en|fro|grief||grave, heavy, grievous, sad}}, from {{der|en|la|gravis||heavy, grievous, sad}}. {{doublet|en|grave}}.

⚫
===Alternative forms===
⚫
* {{l|en|greefe}} {{i|obsolete}}, {{l|en|griefe}} {{i|obsolete}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɹiːf/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɹiːf/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grief.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grief.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-grief.wav|Audio (UK)}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-grief.wav|a=UK}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːf|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːf|s=1}}


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#: {{ux|en|She was worn out from so much '''grief'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|She was worn out from so much '''grief'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|The betrayal caused Jeff '''grief'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|The betrayal caused Jeff '''grief'''.}}
#* {{RQ:Whetstone Rocke of Regard|part=4|page=291|passage=And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of '''griefe''', there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to [[forstand|foreſtand]] with good government their folowing yl fortunes; {{...}}}}
#* {{RQ:Whetstone Rocke of Regard|page=291|passage=And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of '''griefe''', there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to [[forstand|foreſtand]] with good government their folowing yl fortunes; {{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|countable}} Cause or instance of sorrow or pain; that which afflicts or distresses; [[trial]].
# {{lb|en|countable}} Cause or instance of sorrow or pain; that which afflicts or distresses; [[trial]].
#* {{RQ:King James Version|book=Isaiah|chapter=53|verse=4|passage=Surely, he hath borne our '''griefs''', and carried our sorrows.}}
#* {{RQ:King James Version|book=Isaiah|chapter=53|verse=4|passage=Surely, he hath borne our '''griefs''', and carried our sorrows.}}
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|come to grief
|come to grief
|good grief
|good grief
|griefful
|griefless
|griefless|eco-grief|grief knot
|grieflike
|grieflike
|griefsome
|give someone grief
|give someone grief
|grief-stricken
|grief-stricken
Line 40: Line 42:
====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|sadness}}
{{trans-top|sadness}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|pikëllim|m}}, {{t+|sq|mjerim|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|غَمّ|m}}, {{t|ar|حُزْن|m}}, {{t|ar|كَآبَة|f}}, {{t|ar|كَدَر|m}}, {{t|ar|أَسَى|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|غَمّ|m}}, {{t|ar|حُزْن|m}}, {{t|ar|كَآبَة|f}}, {{t|ar|كَدَر|m}}, {{t|ar|أَسَى|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|սուգ}}, {{t+|hy|վիշտ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|սուգ}}, {{t+|hy|վիշտ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəm}}, {{t+|az|kədər}}, {{t|az|hüzn}}, {{t+|az|dərd}}, {{t|az|ələm}}, {{t+|az|qüssə}}, {{t|az|qəm-qüssə}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəm}}, {{t+|az|kədər}}, {{t|az|hüzn}}, {{t+|az|dərd}}, {{t|az|ələm}}, {{t+|az|qüssə}}, {{t|az|qəm-qüssə}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ҡайғы}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|го́ра|n}}, {{t|be|сму́так|m}}, {{t|be|туга́|f}}, {{t|be|жаль|m}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|го́ра|n}}, {{t|be|сму́так|m}}, {{t|be|туга́|f}}, {{t|be|ту́га|f}}, {{t|be|жаль|m}}, {{t|be|журба́|f}}, {{t|be|журбо́та|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|দুঃখ}}, {{t|bn|দেরেগ}}, {{t|bn|গোসা}}, {{t|bn|নারাজী|tr=narazī}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|мъка|f|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|bg|скръб|f|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|bg|печал|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|দুঃখ}}, {{t+|bn|দেরেগ}}, {{t+|bn|গোসা}}, {{t|bn|নারাজী}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|мъ́ка|f}}, {{t+|bg|скръб|f}}, {{t+|bg|печа́л|f}}, {{t+|bg|тъга́|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ပရိဒေဝ}}, {{t+|my|အဆွေး}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ပရိဒေဝ}}, {{t+|my|အဆွေး}}
* Buryat: {{t|bua|гуниг}}
* Buryat: {{t|bua|гуниг}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|dolor|m}}, {{t+|ca|pena|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|dolor|m}}, {{t+|ca|pena|f}}
* Chinese:
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|悲苦|tr=bēikǔ|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|感傷|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|感伤|tr=gǎnshāng|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|悲哀|tr=bēi'āi|sc=Hani}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|悲苦|tr=bēikǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|感傷|tr=gǎnshāng}}, {{t+|cmn|悲哀|tr=bēi'āi}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|žal|m}}, {{t+|cs|smutek|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|žal|m}}, {{t+|cs|smutek|m}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|harteleed}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|sorg|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rouw|m}}, {{t+|nl|leedwezen|n}}, {{t+|nl|smart|f}}, {{t+|nl|verdriet|n}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|jꜥnw|h=i-a:n-nw-W-A2}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|jꜥnw|h=i-a:n-nw-W-A2}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|ĉagreno}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|ĉagreno}}
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* Galician: {{t+|gl|pena|f}}, {{t+|gl|coita|f}}, {{t+|gl|pesar|m}}, {{t+|gl|dor|f}}, {{t+|gl|mágoa|f}}, {{t+|gl|dó|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|pena|f}}, {{t+|gl|coita|f}}, {{t+|gl|pesar|m}}, {{t+|gl|dor|f}}, {{t+|gl|mágoa|f}}, {{t+|gl|dó|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|წუხილი}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|წუხილი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kummer|m}}, {{t+|de|Gram|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kummer|m}}, {{t+|de|Gram|m}}, {{t+|de|Leid|n}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πόνος|m}}, {{t+|el|θλίψη|f}}, {{t+|el|οδύνη|f}}, {{t+|el|συντριβή|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πόνος|m}}, {{t+|el|θλίψη|f}}, {{t+|el|οδύνη|f}}, {{t+|el|συντριβή|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|λῡπή|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|λύπη|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אבל|m|tr=ével}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אֵבֶל|m|tr=ével}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दुःख|m}}, {{t+|hi|शोक|m}}, {{t|hi|ग़म|m}}, {{t+|hi|मातम|m}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दुःख|m}}, {{t+|hi|शोक|m}}, {{t|hi|ग़म|m}}, {{t+|hi|मातम|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|gyász}}, {{t+|hu|bánat}}, {{t+|hu|bú}}, {{t+|hu|búbánat}}, {{t+|hu|szomorúság}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|gyász}}, {{t+|hu|bánat}}, {{t+|hu|bú}}, {{t+|hu|búbánat}}, {{t+|hu|szomorúság}}
⚫
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|sorg|f}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|chagreno}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|chagreno}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|pilu}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|pilu}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|hallia}}, {{t|izh|murhe}}, {{t|izh|suru}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|brón|m}}, {{t|ga|cumha|m}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|brón|m}}, {{t|ga|cumha|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|dolore|m}}, {{t+|it|pena|f}}, {{t+|it|sofferenza|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|dolore|m}}, {{t+|it|pena|f}}, {{t+|it|sofferenza|f}}
⚫
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|悲しみ|tr=かなしみ, kanashimi}}, {{t+|ja|悲哀|tr=ひあい, hiai}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қайғы}}
⚫
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|悲しみ|tr=かなしみ, kanashimi|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|悲哀|tr=ひあい, hiai|sc=Jpan}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ពិធុរ}}, {{t+|km|សំណោក}}, {{t|km|អនុសោក}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ពិធុរ}}, {{t+|km|សំណោក}}, {{t|km|អនុសោក}}
* Kikuyu: {{t-simple|ki|kĩeha}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|kĩeha}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|비애}}, {{t+|ko|슬픔}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|비애(悲哀)}}, {{t+|ko|슬픔}}
* Kurdish:
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+|ckb|خەفەت}}
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|خەفەت}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|derd}}, {{t+|kmr|keser}}, {{t+|kmr|kovan}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|кайгы}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າ}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|aegritudo|f}}, {{t+|la|dolor|m}}, {{t|la|tristitudo|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|aegritudo|f}}, {{t+|la|dolor|m}}, {{t|la|tristitudo|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|skumjas|f-p}}, {{t|lv|bēdas|f-p}}, {{t|lv|sirdēsti|m-p}}
⚫
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|тага|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|duka}}, {{t+|ms|ratapan}}, {{t|ms|sugul}}, {{t|ms|dukachita}}, {{t|ms|hiba}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|sielvartas|m}}, {{t|lt|širdgėla|f}}
⚫
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|тага|f}}, {{t|mk|жал|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|duka}}, {{t+|ms|ratapan}}, {{t+|ms|sugul}}, {{t|ms|dukachita}}, {{t|ms|hiba}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pāmamae}}, {{t|mi|rāwakiwaki}}, {{t|mi|pāpōuri}}, {{t|mi|auhi}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pāmamae}}, {{t|mi|rāwakiwaki}}, {{t|mi|pāpōuri}}, {{t|mi|auhi}}
* Mongolian: {{t-needed|mn}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|зовлон}}, {{t+|mn|гашуудал}}, {{t+|mn|гуниг}}, {{t+|mn|гансрал}}, {{t+|mn|гаслан}}, {{t+|mn|уй}}
⚫
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|sorg}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|sorg|m|f}}
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|sorg|m|f}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|гор҄е|n}}, {{t|cu|тѫга|f}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|туга|f}}, {{t|orv|печаль|f}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|caru|f}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|caru|f}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|غم|tr=ğam|sc=fa-Arab}}, {{t+|fa|سوگ|tr=sug}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|غم|m|tr=ǧam}}, {{t|ps|خپګان|m|tr=xapgān}}, {{t|ps|خفګان|m|tr=xafgān}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|غم|tr=ğam}}, {{t+|fa|سوگ|tr=sug}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|żal|m}}, {{t+|pl|smutek|m}}, {{t+|pl|zmartwienie|n}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|żal|m}}, {{t+|pl|smutek|m}}, {{t+|pl|zmartwienie|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|pesar}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|pesar}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|phutiy}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|phutiy}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tristețe|f}}, {{t+|ro|întristare|f}}, {{t+|ro|mâhnire|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tristețe|f}}, {{t+|ro|întristare|f}}, {{t+|ro|mâhnire|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́ре|n}}, {{t+|ru|печа́ль|f}}, {{t+|ru|скорбь|f}}, {{t+|ru|кручи́на|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́ре|n}}, {{t+|ru|печа́ль|f}}, {{t+|ru|скорбь|f}}, {{t+|ru|кручи́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|туга́|f}}
* Sango: {{t+|sg|vundü}}
* Sango: {{t+|sg|vundü}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|दुःख|n|tr=duḥkhá}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|bròn|m}}, {{t|gd|dòlas|m}}, {{t|gd|doilgheas|m}}, {{t|gd|èislean|m}}, {{t|gd|mulad|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|bròn|m}}, {{t|gd|dòlas|m}}, {{t|gd|doilgheas|m}}, {{t|gd|èislean|m}}, {{t|gd|mulad|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|туга|f}}, {{t|sh|беда|f}}, {{t|sh|биједа|f}}
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|ту́га|f}}, {{t|sh|бе́да|f}}, {{t|sh|бије́да|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|tuga|f}}, {{t+|sh|beda|f}}, {{t+|sh|bijeda|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|túga|f}}, {{t+|sh|béda|f}}, {{t+|sh|bijéda|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|žiaľ|m}}, {{t|sk|smútok|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|žiaľ|m}}, {{t|sk|smútok|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|žalost|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|žalost|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|pesar|m}}, {{t+|es|pesadumbre|f}}, {{t+|es|dolor}}, {{t+|es|sufrimiento}}, {{t+|es|pena}}, {{t+|es|calamidad}}, {{t+|es|sinsabor|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|pesar|m}}, {{t+|es|pesadumbre|f}}, {{t+|es|dolor}}, {{t+|es|sufrimiento}}, {{t+|es|pena}}, {{t+|es|calamidad}}, {{t+|es|sinsabor|m}}, {{t+|es|duelo}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|ghamu}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|ghamu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|sorg}}, {{t+|sv|bedrövelse}},
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|sorg|c}}, {{t+|sv|bedrövelse|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|ғам}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|ғам}}, {{t|tg|суг}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|кайгы}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ความเศร้า}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ความเศร้า}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hüzün}}, {{t+|tr|keder}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hüzün}}, {{t+|tr|keder}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|hasrat}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|го́ре|n}}, {{t|uk|жаль|m}}, {{t|uk|печа́ль|f}}, {{t|uk|скорбо́та|f}}, {{t|uk|сму́ток|m}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|го́ре|n}}, {{t|uk|жаль|m}}, {{t|uk|печа́ль|f}}, {{t|uk|скорбо́та|f}}, {{t|uk|сму́ток|m}}, {{t|uk|ту́га|f}}, {{t|uk|журба́|f}}, {{t|uk|жа́лощі|f-p}}, {{t|uk|журбо́та|f}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|غم|m|tr=ġam|sc=ur-Arab}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|غَم|m|tr=ġam}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|قايغۇ}}, {{t|ug|دەرد}}, {{t|ug|ھەسرەت}}, {{t|ug|غەم}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|qaygʻu}}, {{t+|uz|gʻam}}, {{t+|uz|dogʻ}}, {{t+|uz|hasrat}}, {{t+|uz|dard}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|buồn}}, {{t+|vi|buồn rầu}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|buồn}}, {{t+|vi|buồn rầu}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|gofid|m}}, {{t+|cy|galar|m}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|gofid|m}}, {{t+|cy|galar|m}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|keder|m}}, {{t|zza|qaxu|m}}, {{t|zza|ğem|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Swedish: {{t+check|sv|smärta}} {{q|3}}
{{trans-mid}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


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{{en-verb}}
{{en-verb}}


# {{lb|en|online gaming}} To [[deliberately]] [[harass]] and [[annoy]] or cause grief to other players of a game in order to interfere with their enjoyment of it; ''especially'', to do this as one’s primary activity in the game. {{defdate|from late 1990s}}
# {{lb|en|online gaming}} To [[deliberately]] [[harass]] and [[annoy]] or cause grief to other players of a game in order to interfere with their enjoyment of it; ''especially'', to do this as one’s primary activity in the game, and especially by exploiting game mechanics without using cheats to do so. {{defdate|from late 1990s}}
#* {{quote-web|en|title=Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World|author={{w|Julian Dibbell}}|work=Wired|date=2008-01-18|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/01/mf-goons/|passage=While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized '''griefing''', grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, '''griefing''' has developed a full-fledged culture.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|title=Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World|author=w:Julian Dibbell|work=Wired|date=2008-01-18|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/01/mf-goons/|passage=While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized '''griefing''', grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, '''griefing''' has developed a full-fledged culture.}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
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[[Category:English internet slang]]
[[Category:English internet slang]]
[[Category:en:Emotions]]
[[Category:en:Emotions]]
{{C|en|Pain}}
{{C|en|Pain|Sadness}}

----


==Dutch==
==Dutch==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|nl|dum|grief}}, from {{der|nl|fro|grief}}, from {{der|nl|VL.|*grevis}}, from {{der|nl|la|gravis}}.
From {{inh|nl|dum|grief}}, from {{der|nl|fro|grief}}, from {{der|nl|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{der|nl|la|gravis|gravem}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣrif/}}
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣrif/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-grief.ogg|Audio}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-grief.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|grief}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|grief}}
* {{rhymes|nl|if|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|nl|if|s=1}}
Line 163: Line 178:
====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|grieven}}
* {{l|nl|grieven}}

----


==French==
==French==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|fr|fro|grief}}, from {{inh|fr|VL.|*grevis}}, from {{inh|fr|la|gravis}} (later influenced by its antonym {{m|la|levis}}), ultimately from {{inh|fr|ine-pro|*gʷréh₂us}}. {{doublet|fr|grave}}.
{{inh+|fr|fro|grief}}, from {{inh|fr|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|fr|la|gravis|gravem}}. {{doublet|fr|grave}}, a borrowing from Latin.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-grief.wav|Audio}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-grief.wav}}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
Line 187: Line 200:


# [[complaint]]
# [[complaint]]
# [[#English|grief]]
# {{l|en|grief}}
# [[grievance]] (formal complaint filed with an authority)
# [[grievance]] (formal complaint filed with an authority)


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:TLFi}}
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|figer}}
* {{l|fr|figer}}

----


==Ladin==
==Ladin==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|lld|VL.||*grevis}}, from {{inh|lld|la|gravis}}.
From {{inh|lld|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|lld|la|gravis|gravem}}.


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
Line 209: Line 220:
# [[difficult]]
# [[difficult]]
# [[steep]]
# [[steep]]

----


==Old French==
==Old French==


===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
* {{l|fro|gref}} {{qualifier|typically Anglo-Norman}}
* {{alt|fro|gref||typically Anglo-Norman}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Probably from the verb {{m|fro|grever}}, or from {{inh|fro|VL.||grevis}} (influenced by its antonym, {{m|la|levis}}), from {{inh|fro|la|gravis}}.
From {{inh|fro|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|fro|la|gravis|gravem}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
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# [[sad]]
# [[sad]]
#* {{quote-book|fro|year=late 12th century|author=anonymous|title=La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford|passage=Mult ai le quer '''gref''' e marri.|page=386 (of the Champion Classiques edition of ''Le Roman de Tristan'', {{ISBN|2-7453-0520-4}}, line 552}}
#* {{quote-book|fro|year=late 12th century|author=anonymous|chapter=La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford|passage=Mult ai le quer '''gref''' e marri.|page=386|edition=Champion Classiques|title=Le Roman de Tristan|isbn=2-7453-0520-4|line=552}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====

Revision as of 08:52, 2 June 2024

Englisch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English greef, gref, from Old French grief (“grave, heavy, grievous, sad”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grievous, sad”). Doublet of grave.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɹiːf/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Audio (UK):(file)
  • Rhymes: -iːf

Nomen

grief (countable and uncountable, plural griefs or grieves)

  1. Suffering, hardship. [from early 13th c.]
    The neighbour's teenage give me grief every time they see me.
  2. Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. [from early 14th c.]
    She was worn out from so much grief.
    The betrayal caused Jeff grief.
    • 1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:
      And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]
  3. (countable) Cause or instance of sorrow or pain; that which afflicts or distresses; trial.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

grief (third-person singular simple present griefs, present participle griefing, simple past and past participle griefed)

  1. (online gaming) To deliberately harass and annoy or cause grief to other players of a game in order to interfere with their enjoyment of it; especially, to do this as one’s primary activity in the game, and especially by exploiting game mechanics without using cheats to do so. [from late 1990s]
    • 2008 January 18, Julian Dibbell, “Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World”, in Wired‎[1]:
      While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized griefing, grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, griefing has developed a full-fledged culture.

Usage notes

  • This verb is most commonly found in the gerund-participle griefing and the derived noun griefer.

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch grief, from Old French grief, from Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem.

Pronunciation

Nomen

grief f (plural grieven, diminutive griefje n)

  1. (chiefly in the plural) grievance, complaint, bone to pick, issue

Derived terms

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French grief, from Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem. Doublet of grave, a borrowing from Latin.

Pronunciation

Adjective

grief (feminine griève, masculine plural griefs, feminine plural grièves)

  1. (archaic, literary) grievous

Derived terms

Nomen

grief m (plural griefs)

  1. complaint
  2. grief
  3. grievance (formal complaint filed with an authority)

Further reading

Anagrams

Ladin

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem.

Adjective

grief m (feminine singular grieva, masculine plural griefs, feminine plural grieves)

  1. arduous
  2. difficult
  3. steep

Old French

Alternative forms

  • gref (typically Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem.

Nomen

grief oblique singular, m (oblique plural griés, nominative singular griés, nominative plural grief)

  1. pain; anguish; suffering

Descendants

  • French: grief
  • → Middle Dutch: grief
  • → Middle English: greef, gref

Adjective

grief m (oblique and nominative feminine singular grieve)

  1. sad
    • late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 386, line 552:
      Mult ai le quer gref e marri.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

  • French: grief (archaic, literary)
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